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7,
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
THE
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DATES OF PUBLICATION IN PARTS.
Part I. (Trans., pp. 1-114, PRroc., i-viii) was published 30th April, 1901.
mae | he oe ee 115-192, ,, 1x—xli) jy Nithigky, 4%
one a ae 193-378, ———-———) » 30th Sept., __,,
2 Go oa 379-601, 4, xili-xxiv) » 0th Dec., > «,
>» Ve (—————— 77 XXV-Xxxil) » 22nd Feb., 1902.
a
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CONTENTS.
PAGE
Explanation of the plates Viii
Errata ... Vili
List of Pullaws., 14
Additions to the Library xxiii
II.
III.
WHIT.
. The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and Soe of new
..- 1938
. A further contribution to our knowledge of African n Phytol ve
MEMOIRS.
. Observations on some species of Orina, a genus of viviparous and
ovo-viviparous Beetles. By GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S.,
and THomas ALGERNON CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.8. pees by
Dr. THomas ALGERNON CHAPMAN ... : act
An Account of a Collection of renee made at Zomba in
British Central Africa. By Percy I. Latuy. Communicated
by Cuar_zes JOSEPH GAHAN, M.A. ... ai is oe eee
A Revision of Astathes, Newm., and allied Genera of Longicorn
Coleoptera. By CHARLES JOSEPH GAHAN, M.A... bad aed
. Butterflies of the Lebanon. By Mary Dr ta BecueE NIcHOoLtr,
F.E.S., with a Preface and Notes by Henry JOHN ee
¥.E.S., F.L.S., etc. dae si
. Enumeration of the Heteroptera (Rthynchota) collected ie SIGNOR
LEONARDO Fa in Burma and its vicinity. By Witii1am Lucas
DISTANT .. =e es aes “oe ste wa aaa
ma: Pe issiney catalogue of the Lopidepter a Heterocera of Trinidad,
By WitiiaM JAMES Kaye, F.E.S.
. Illustrations of the 6th ¢ ventral seaatis in 17 aniaae of
the adunca-Group, with a Note on the synonymy of four species,
and descriptions of four which seem new. ee the Rev. Francis
Davip Morice, M.A., F.E.S. fe A
List of the Cetoniidz collected by Messrs. H. E. ANDREWEs and
J. R. D. Bett in the Bombay Presidency of India, with
descriptions of the new species. By OLIvER E. Janson, F.E.S.
. A Classification of a new Family of the Lepidoptera. By Sir
GEORGE Francis Hampson, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., etc.
species. By GirpEert J. Arrow, F.E.S.
Coleoptera. By Martin Jacosy, F.E.S.
. A revision of the American WVotodontide. By Witi1Am Scuaus,
F.Z.8.
. Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc,, in the British
Coleoptera. By Horace Sr. Joun K. DonistHorpr, F,Z.8. ...
19 ~
37
75
«162
179
. 187
. 209
345
( viii)
PAGH
XIV. Sexual dimorphism in Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr., a species
occurring in Spain, and new to the ae list. By GEORGE
CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S. Sa we O19
XV. Lepidoptera Heterocerz from China, acces a Care By
the late Jonn Henry Leecu, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., ete. Part
V. With ORS of new species by RICHARD —
F.E.S. . sis w+. BOD
Vi, Hy ee aculeata, ealicsted in sieves ” as) Rev. ene
Epwin Eaton, M.A., F.E.S., and the Rev. Francis Davip
Morice, M.A., F.E. S, Part I. Heterogyna and Fossores to
the end of Pompiliee. es EDWARD waked “8: F.L.S.,
VIPS. | on . 51>
XVII. Descriptions of New Besdagbaen ie New Paget By a ARD
Meyrick, B.A., F.Z.S., etc. +o
XVIII. Contributions to a eee of the Rh ychota. By W ILLIAM
Lucas DisTANT .
XIX. The genus Hyliota, of the Gaitateetsh Sadi Cucujide, with
descriptions of new forms and a List of the described species.
By GivBert J. Arrow, F.E.S. ... = a is wee O98
Proceedings for 1901 iia Bae no ae he a we.) 1—Xxviii
Annual Meeting ... gon ME ee me xs ies bi XXVili
President’s Address Baa # a sa ae eed sais XXNiii
Index eas a Sia at a as it mS lxi
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Plates] & II. See pages 1—18 Plate X. See pages 209—256
Plate ITI. oe 19—36 Plates XI & XII. s 257—344
Plate IV. " 37—74 Plate XIII. 379—384
” 385—514
;, ~—- §81—592
Plates V & VI. 3 115—160 | Plates XIV & XY.
Plates VIL & VIII. ,, 161—178 Plate XVI.
Plate IX. ee 193—208
ERRATA.
TRANSACTIONS.
Page 78, line 7 from bottom, for voxrclana read vexelana.
Page 85,line 17, for E. vead M.
Page 86, line 2 from bottom, for authe read anthe.
Page 88, line 5,for rorclana read voxelana.
Page 88, line 15, for septentrionale read septentrionalts.
Page 90, line 11 from bottom, for phleas read phleas.
Page 129, line 3, for palpi porrect read palpi upturned.
Page 129, line 10, for Fore tibie read Hind tibie.
Page 366, line 3 from bottom, for Caspide read Capside.
Page 518, line 14 from bottom, for Chicorium read Cichorium.
Page 519, line 15 from bottom, for Ainanthe read Cinanthe.
PROCEEDINGS.
Page xiii, line 12 from bottom, for Certde read Cleridx.
Ae: ee
Pist of Fellotvs
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Date of , HONORARY FELLOWS.
Election.
1900 AvRiviILLius, Professor Christopher, Stockholm.
1900 Braver, Professor Friedrich Moritz, Mayerhofgasse 6, Vienna.
1901 Fasre, J. H., Sérignan, Vaucluse, France.
1894 Foret, Professor Auguste, M.D., Chigny, pres Morges, Switzerland
1898 Grassi, Professor Battista, The University, Rome.
1884 OsTEN SAcKEN, Baron C. R., Bunsenstrasse 8, Heidelberg.
1884 PackarD, Dr. Alpheus S., Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
1872 Saussure, Henri F. de, Tertusse 2, Geneva.
1895 ScuppER, Samuel Hubbard, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
1885 SNELLEN, Pieter Carl T., Rotterdam.
1893. Watrenwyt, Hofrath Dr. Carl Brunner Von, Trautsohngasse 6,
Vienna. |
1898 Weismann, Dr. August, Freiburg.
FELLOWS.
Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.
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1877 Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, F.Z.S8., 50, Ashley-gardens, Victoria-
street, S.W.
1877 Apams, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enfield, N.
1885 ADKIN, Robert, Wellfeld, Lingards-road, Lewisham, 8.E.
1899 ANpDRews, Henry W., 9, Victoria-road, Eltham.
1901 Awnine, William, Box Hill, Surrey, and 39, Lime Street, London, B.C.
1899 + ARRow, Gilbert J., 87, Union-grove, Clapham, S.W.; and British
Museum (Natural History), Cromwell-road, S.W.
1886 ArmorE, E. A., 48, High-street, King’s Lynn.
1850 + AveBuRyY, The Right Honble. Lord, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,’
ete., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.
1901
1894
1886
1890
1886
1895
1887
1884
1897
( x )
Bacor, Arthur W., 154 Lower Clapton-road, N.E.
Baker, Walter F., Trent House, Gainsborough.
BankEs, Eustace R., M.A., Norden, Corfe Castle, Wareham.
Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.8., The Warren, Cromer.
BarGaGul, Marchese Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo Tempi No. 1,
Florence, Italy.
BarKER, Cecil W., Rownham, Malvern, Natal, South Africa.
BarkKER, H. W., 147, Gordon-road, Peckham, 8.E.
Barrett, Charles Golding, Tremont, Peckham Rye, S.E,
Batss, F., 417, High-road, Chiswick, W.
1894 | Bateson, William, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College,
Cambridge, Merton House, Grantchester, Cambridge.
1896 + Beare, Prof. T. Hudson, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., 2 Heriot Row, Edinburgh.
1851 + Braumont, Alfred, Pond-road, Blackheath, 8.E.
1893
1899
1897
1882
1885
1895
1886
1880
1879
1895
1897
1891
BEDDARD, Frank E., M.A., F.R.S., Zoological Gardens, Regent’s
Park, N.W.
BEDWELL, Ernest C., 25, Ossian-road, Stroud Green, N.
Bennett, W. H., 15, Wellington-place, Hastings.
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Bippie, F. W., M.A., 3, Knole Paddock, Sevenoaks.
BIGNELL, George Carter, The Ferns, Homepark-road, Saltash.
Biuuves, T. R., 20, Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, S.E.
BineHaw, Lieut.-Col. C. T., F.Z.S., Bombay Staff Corps, 6 Gwendwr-
road, West Kensington, S, W.
BirD, George W., The Manor House, West Wickham, Beka
BLABER, W. i, ELS, 85, Gloucester-street, Warwick-square, 8.W.
1894 + BLACKBURNE-Mazm, W. P,, Shaw House, Newbury.
1889
1885
1886
1876
1875
1891
1892
1888
BLANDFORD, Walter F. H., M.A., F.Z.S., 48, Wimpole-street, W.
Buatuwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, F.L.8., Eagle House, Batheaston,
Bath.
BLOOMFIELD, The Rev: Edwin Newson, M.A., Guestling Rectory,
Hastings.
Borre, Alfred Preudhomme de, Villa la Fauvette, Petit Saconnex,
Geneva. .
BorRER, Wm., F.G.S., Pakyns Manor House, Hurstpierpoint,
Hassocks, R.S.O., Sussex.
Booty, George A., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, Carnforth.
BOUSKELL, Frank, Market Bosworth, Nuneaton.
Bower, B.A., Langley, Willow Grove, Chislehurst.
1894 + Bowes, E. Augustus, M.A., Myddelton House, Waltham Cross.
1852 + Boyp, Thos., Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, 8.E.
( xi)
1893 Brapant, Edouard, Chateau de Morenchies, par Cambrai (Nord),
France.
1894 Breyer, Professor H. G., M.D., Gymnasium, Pretoria, Transvaal.
1877 Briaes, Charles Adolphus, Rock House, Lynmouth, Barnstaple.
1870 Brices, Thomas Henry, M.A., Rock House, Lynmouth, Barnstaple.
1894 Bricut, Percy M., Chumat, Lansdowne-road, Bournemouth.
1897. BricHtweEN, Mrs. E., The Grove, Great Stanmore.
1890 Bristows#, B. A., The Cottage, Stoke D’ Abernon, Cobham, Swrrey.
1878 Broun, Capt. Thomas, Drury, Auckland, New Zealand.
1897 Brown, F.N., M.R.C.S., The Elms, Chobham, Woking.
1886 Brown, John, 5, King’s Parade, Cambridge.
1892 Browne, Major Clement Alfred Righy, R.E., Lahore, India.
1898 +} BucHan-HeEpgury, Sir Archibald, Bart:, J.P., D.L., Smeaton-
/ Hepburn, Preston-kirk.
1883 Bucxton, George Bowdler, F.R.S., F.L.8., Weycombe, Haslemere,
~ §.0., Surrey.
1896 + Burr, Malcolm, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Dormans Park, East Grinstead.
1868 + Butter, Arthur G., Ph.D., F.L.S8., F.Z.8., British Museum (Natural
History), Cromwell-road, S.W.; and The Lilies, Penge-road,
Beckenham.
1883 Burter, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Sc., 53, Tollington Park, N.
1886 CatveRtT, Wm. Bartlett, Liceo de Quillota, Quillota, Chili.
1885 CampBELL, Francis Maule, F.L.8., F.Z.S., &c., Brynllwydwyn,
Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire.
1898 CANDEZE, Léon, 64, Rue de l Ouest, Liége.
1880 CaANSDALE, W. D., Sunny Bank, South Norwood, 8.E.
1889 Cant, A., c/o Fredk. DuCane Godman, Esq., F.R.S., 10, Chandos-
street, Cavendish-square, W. |
1890 Capper, Samuel James (President of the Lancashire and Cheshire
Entomological Society), Huyton Park, Liverpool.
1894 Caraccioto, H., H.d. Customs, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British
West Indies.
1892 CARPENTER, The Honble. Mrs. Beatrice, Kiplin, Northallerton.
1895 CARPENTER, G. H., B.Sc., Musewm of Science and Art, Dublin.
1898 CarpEentTrER, J. H., Riverdale, Leatherhead.
1868 CarrineToN, Charles, Hailey Hall, Hertford.
1890 CartER, George Wm., M.A., F.L.8., Cliff End House, Scarboro’.
1895 Carrer, Sir Gilbert, K.C.M.G., 43, Charing Cross, W.C.; and
Government House, Nassau, Bahamas.
1900 CarTER, J. W., 25, Glenholme-road, Manningham, Bradford.
1900 Cassat, R. T., M.R.C.S., Laxey, Isle of Man.
1901 CassERLEY, James B., 9, Gloucester-road, Finsbury Park, N.
1889 + CaveE, Charles J. T., Binstead, Cambridge.
1900 CHAMBERLAIN, Neville, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.
1871
1891
1890
1897
1898
Cicae )
Cuampion, George C., F.Z.S., Liprarian, Heatherside, Horsell,
Woking ; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.
CHAPMAN, Thomas Algernon, M.D,, F.Z.8., Betula, Reigate.
CHATTERTON, Frederick J. 8.,'78, Clissold-road, Stoke Newington, N.
CHAWNER, Miss Ethel F., Forest Bank, Lyndhurst, R.S.O., Hants.
CHawner, Lawrence C.,. Forest Bank, Lyndhurst, R.S.O., Hants.
1891 + Cuirty, Arthur John, M.A., 27, Hereford-square, S.W.; and Hwnt-
1890
1889
ingfield, Faversham, Kent.
CuorteEy, Mrs. H. 8., Moorville Ee, Burley-in- Wharfedale,
Leeds.
Curisty, W. M., M.A., F.L.S., Watergate, Emsworth.
1886 + CuarRk, John ae 57, W. eston Park, Crouch End, N.
1867
1886
1891
1873
1899
1901
1900
1892
1886
1867
1895
1888
1890
CLARKE, Alex. Henry, 109, Warwick-road, Earl's Court, 8.W.
CuarKE, Charles Baron, M.A., F.RS., F.LS. F.G.S., 13, Kew
Gardens-road, Kew, S.W.
CiaRKE, Henry Shortridge, 2, Osborne-terrace, Douglas, Isle of Man.
Coz, William, F.L.S., 7, Knighton Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
CoLin, James E., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.
Connoup, Edward, 7, Magdalen Terrace, St. Leonards-on-Sea.
Corton, Dr. John, 126, Prescot-road, St. Helens.
Cowan, Thomas William, F.L.8., F.G.S8., F.R.M.S., Pinehurst,
Pacific Grove, California.
CoweEtt, Peter (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library),
William Brown-street, Liverpool.
Cox, Herbert Ed., c/o Mrs. Eve, 125, Harley-street, W.
CRABTREE, Benjamin Hill, The Oaklands, Levenshulme, Manchester.
Crecor, J. P., Fredinick, Mayow-road, Sydenham, 8.E.
CREWE, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire.
1880 fT Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., J.P., Srcunives LS. 2% ahi een
1901
1873
1900
1887
1886
1898
1885
1875
1887
1898
1895
avenue, EK. C. .» and Pri iar Park, alee on- eee
DAvp, Edward Martin, 3 Colina-villas, Green Lanes, Wood Geen, N
Date, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset.
DaeuisH, Andrew Adie, 21, Prince’s-street, Glasgow.
Datutry, The Rev. Thomas W., M.A., F.L.S., Madeley Vicarage,
Newcastle, Staffordshire.
Dannatt, Walter, Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, , Blackheath, S.E.
Day, G. 0., Parr’s Bank-house, Knutsford.
DEnT, ata Charles, C.E., F.L.S., 20, Thurloe-square, 8.W.
Distant, Wm. Lucas, Steine House, Selhurst-road, South Norwood,S.E.
Dixey, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Fellow and Bursar of
Wadham College, Wadham College, Oxford.
Dixon, G. B., St. Peter’s-road, Leicester.
Doxson, H. TT. Ivy gis Acacia Sele New Malden 8.0.
Surrey. .
1891
1885
1873
1845
1898
1899
1884
1867
1900
1894
1883
1890
1865
1885
1884
1900
1900
1886
1878
1886
1899
1890
1900
1861
1886
1889
1898
1878
1900
1874
1886
1900
1898
Cc xt}
DonistHoRPE, Horace St. John K., F.Z.8., 58, Kensington-mansions,
South Kensington, S.W.
Donovan, Captain Charles, M.D., R.A.M.C., c/o Messrs. P.
Macfadyen & Co., Winchester House, Old Broad-street, E.C.
Doria, Marchese Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa.
Dovetas, John Wm., 61, Craven Park, Harlesden, N.W.
Down1ne, John W., 152, Trevelyan-road, Tooting Graveney, S.W.
DrewiTt, Frederic G. Dawtrey, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.Z.5.,
14, Palace Gardens-terrace, Kensington, W.
Druce, Hamilton H. C. J., F.Z.S., 43, Circus-road, St. John’s
ood, N.W. |
Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 43, Circus-road, St. John’s Wood,
N.W.
Drory, W. D., Rocquaine, West Hill Park, Woking.
Dupexon, G. C., Holta, Kangra Valley, P.O. Palimpur, Punjab,
India. .
Durrant, John Hartley, The Cottage, Merton Hall, Thetford.
Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Godalming.
Eaton, The Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A., Woodlands, Seaton, Axwminstz2r.
EDWARDS, James, Colesborne, Cheltenham.
Epwarbs, Stanley, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Kidbrook-lodge, Blackheath, 8.E.
Exxiorr, E. A., 41, Holland Park, W.
Exuis, H. Willoughby, Knowle, Birmingham.
Eis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18, Rodney-street, Liverpool.
Etwes, Henry John, J.P, F.RS. F.LS., F.Z.S., Colesborne,.
Cheltenham.
Enock, Frederick, F.L.8., 13, Tufnell Park-road, Holloway, N.
FARMBOROUGH, Percy W., F.Z.S., Lower Edmonton, N.
Farn, Albert Brydges, Mount Nod, Greenhithe, Kent ; and Medical
Department, Local Government Board, Whitehall, S.W.
FevtHamM, H. L. L., P. O. Box, 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal.
FENN, Charles, Eversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, S.E,
Frenwick, Nicolas Percival, The Gables, New-road, Esher.
FERNALD, Prof. C. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A.
Fier, F. E., 122, Stockwell Park-road, Brixton, 8.W.
Finzi, John A., 53, Hamilton-terrace, N.W.
Firtu, J. Digby, Greenwell House, Deighton, Huddersfield.
Fircu, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House, Maldon.
Fitcu, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N.
FiemynG, The Rev. W. Westropp, Coolfin, Portlaw, Waterford.
FLErTcHeER, T. B., R.N., H.M.S. “ Gladiator,” Mediterranean Station.
1883 + FrercHErR, William Holland B.,.M.A., Aldwick Manor, Bognor.
C( xiv)
1892 Freutiaux, Edmond, 6, Avenwe Suzanne, Nogent-sur-Marne, France.
1885 Foxker, A. J. F., Zierikzee, Zeeland, Netherlands.
1900 . Foutkss, P, Hedworth, B.Sc., Harper-Adams Agricultural College,
Newport, Salop.
1898 FountaIne, Miss Margaret, 7, Lansdowne-place, Bath.
1880 Fowl er, The Rey. Cant, M.A., F.L.S., Prestpent, Rothe field
Peppard Rectory, Henley-on- Phan
1883 FREEMAN, Francis Ford, Abbotsfield, Tavistock,
1896 FREKE, Percy Evans, 7, Lime-road, Folkestone.
1888 FRemiin, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Mereworth, Maidstone.
1891 Frouwawkg, F. W., 42, Waddon-road, Croydon.
1855 Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood Park,
Norwood, 8.E.
1900 Fryer, H. Fortescue, The Priory, Chatteris, Cambs.
1884 Fuuier, The Rev. Alfred, M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham-hill,
Sydenham, S.E.
1898 Futter, Claude, Government Entomologist, Pietermaritzburg,
Natal.
1887 GAHAN, Charles Joseph, M.A., Whyola, Lonsdale-road, Bedford
Park, W.; and British ace (Natural History), Cromwell.
road, S.W.
1887 Gatton, Francis, M.A., D.C.L.,,D.Sc., F.R.S., F.G.S., 42, Rutland
Gate, S.W.
1892 Garpz, Philip de la, R.N., H.M.S, “ Pegasus,” Mediterranean.
1890 GARDNER, John, 6, Friars-gate, Hartlepool.
1901 | GARDNER, Willoughby, F.L.S., Reform Club, Liverpool.
1899 GayNER, Francis, 20, Queen-square, W.C.
1899 GerLpART, William Martin, M.A., 15, Park-road, Norbiton.
1865 | GopMaN, Frederick Du Cane, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Vicz-
PRESIDENT, South Lodge, Lower Beeding, Horsham ;.7; Carlos-place,
Grosvenor-square ; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W.
1890 GoxptHwaltT, Oliver C., 5, Queen’s-road, South Norwood, S.E.
1886 + GoopRIcH, Captain ae Mainwaring, Lennow. Lodge, Malvera
Link, Malvern.
1898 Gorpon, J. G. McH., Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O:, Wigtownshire..
1898 Gorpon, R. 8. G. McH., Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O., Wigtown-.
shire.
1855 Gornam, The Rev. Henry Stephen, F.Z.S., The Chestaswae Shteley
Warren, Southampton.
1874 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Secretary, The Avenue, Surbiton-hill,
Surrey.
(1886 Green, A. P., Colombo, Ceylon. |
1891 | Green, E. Ernest, Government Entomologist, Royal Botanic.
Gardens, Peradeuiya, Ceylon. :
1894
1865
1898
1899
( xv)
GREEN, Joseph F., F.Z.S., West Lodge, Blackheath, 8.E.
GREENE, The Rev. Joseph, M.A., Rostrevor, Clifton, Bristol.
GREENSHIELDS, Alexander, 38, Blenheim-gardens, Willesden, N.W.
GREENWOOD, Edgar, Bellevue, Riffel-road, Willesden Green, N.W.
1893 + GrEENWooD, Henry Powys, F.L.S., Sandhill Lodge, Fordingbridge,
1888
1894
1900
1869
1899
1897
Salisbury.
GrirFitus, G. C., F.Z.S., 438, Caledonian-place, Clifton, Bristol,
GrimsHaw, Percy H., Natural History Department, Museum of
Science and Art, Edinburgh.
Groom, Prof. Percy, M.A., F.LS., Royal Indian Engineering
— College, Cooper’s Hill, Staines.
GrosE-SmitH, Henley, J.P., B.A., F.Z.S.,5, Bryanston-square, Hyde
Park, W. .
GunninG, Montague, Narborough, Leicester.
Hague, Henry, 2, First-place, Brooklyn, U.S.A,
1890 + Hatt, A. E., Norbury, Pitsmoor, Sheffield.
1885
1898
1891
1891
1877
Hatt, Thomas William, Stanhope, The Crescent, Croydon.
Hamuyn-Harris, R., F.Z.S., F.R.M.S., 45, Garten-strasse, Tiibingen,
Germany.
Hampson, Sir George Francis, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., 62, Stanhope-
gardens, S.W.
Hanpory, Frederick J., F.LS., Stainforth House, Upper Clapton,
N.E.
Harpine, George, 9, Bellevue, Clifton, Bristol.
1897 + Harrison, Albert, F.L.S., F.C.S8., 72, Windsor-road, Forest Gate, E.
1889
1892
1881
1898
1888
1891
Harrison, John, 7, Gawber-road, Barnsley.
HEADLY, Charles Burnard, Two Elms, Alexandra-road, Stoneygate,
Leicester.
Henry, George, 38, Wellington-square, Hastings.
Heron, Francis A., B.A., British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell-road, S.W.
Hiaes, Martin Stanger, F.C.S., F.G.S., Sheba G. M. Co., Eureka
City, Transvaal.
Hit, Henry Ainslie, 9, Addison Mansions, Kensington, W.
1876 + Hituman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes.
1896
1888
1887
1898
1897
1901
Hockine,: The Rey. John, M.A., Copdock Rectory, Ipswich.
Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., B.D., Harefield, Ansdell-road,
Lytham.
Houiand, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pittsburg,
Penn., U.S.A.
Houman-Hount, C. B., Weddecombra, Watagoda, Ceylon.
Horne, Arthur, Ugie Bank, Aberdeen.
Hopson, M. F., 16, Rosslyn Hill, N.W.
1876 | Horniman, Fredk. John, M.P., F.LS., F.Z.S., &., Surrey Mount,
Forest Hill, 8.E.
1900
(SVE)
Howes, George H., Spey-street, Invercargill, New Zealand.
1865 + Hupp, A. E. Clinton, Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol.
1888
1897
1893
1891
1886
1869
1898
1886
1899
1886
1889
1888
1894
Hupsoy, Gere Vernon, The Post Office, Wellington, New Zealand,
IMAGE, Selwyn, M.A., 20, Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square, W.
Irpy, Lieutenant-Colonel Leonard Howard Loyd, F.L.S., F.Z.S.,
14, Cornwall-terrace, Regent's Parl, N.W.
ISsABELL, The Rev. John, Sunnycroft, St. Sennen, R.S.O., Cornwall.
JacoBy, Martin, 7, Hemstall-road, West Hampstead, N.W.
JANSON, Oliver E., Cestria, Claremont-road, Highgate, N.; and 44,
_ Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
JANSON, Oliver J., Cestria, Claremont-road, Highgate, N.
JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, 209, School Hill, Lewes.
JENNINGS, F. B., 152, Silver-street, Upper Edmonton, N.
JOHN, Evan, Llantrisant, Pontyclun, R S.O., Glamorganshire.
JoHunson, The Rev. W. F., M.A., Acton Rectory, Poyntz Pass,
Co. Armagh.
Jones, Albert H., Shrublands, Eltham.
JongES, Frederic Whitworth, Cleef, Vryburg, British Bechuanaland,
Africa.
1894 + JorDAN, Dr. K., The Museum, Tring.
1884
1884
Kane, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.LA., Drumleaske House,
Monaghan.
KappeL, A. W., F.L.S., Hilden, 18, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick, W.
1876 ¢ Kay, John Deanma toes,
1896 ¢ Kaye, William James, Caracas, Ditton Hill, Surbiton.
1884
1890
1898
1901
1900,
1889
1861
1893
1889
Keays, Lovell, 26, Charles-street, St. James's, S.W.
Kenrick, G. H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
KeErsHaw, J.A., Worton Banks, Lewisham-road, Windsor, Melbourne,
Victoria.
Kersuaw, John C. W., Macao, China.
Keys, James H., 6, Séishoilr -terrace, Lipson, Plymouth.
Kine, J. J. F. x. , Lecturer on Economic Entomology at the West of
Scotland Kawicaiedadl College, 1, Athole Gardens-terrace, Kelvin-
side, Clam
Kirsy, William F., F.L.S. ,H ilden, 18, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick, W.
KIRKALDY, Gesu Wallis, St. Abbs, Worple-road, Wimbledon, 8.W.
KiaPALex, Preteen Franz, Karlin 263, Prague, Bohemia.
1887 | Kuen, Sydney T., F.LS., F.R.AS., AHatherlow, Raglan-road,
1876
1895
1901
1868
Reigate.
Kraatz, Dr, G., 28, Link-strasse, Berlin. %
Krantz, Paul, oie 413, Pretoria, Transvaal, South Afri icd.
LANE, E. W., 9, Teesdale-street, Hacknéy-rotd, N.E.
Lane, Colonel A. M., R.E., Box Grove Lodge, Guildford.
( vai}
1900 Lane, The Rev. H. C., M.D., All Saints’ Vicarage, Southend-on-Sea.
1901 Larny, P. 1., Lynton Villa, Sydney-road, Enfield.
1895 Larter, Oswald H., M.A., Charterhouse, Godalming.
1899 La, Arthur M., Government Entomologist, Hobart, Tasmania.
1901 Lepoux, Dr. C. A., F.L.S., Grahamstown, South Africa.
1900 Lerrroy, H. Maxwell, B.A., Barbados, W. I.
1901 LetaH, George F., corner of Sydenham and Essenwood-roads, Durban,
Natal.
1883 LeMany, Fredk. Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth.
1892 Lxsuin, J. H., Bryn Glas, 33, Streathbourne-road, Upper Tooting, 5.W.
1898 Lerxapriner, Ambrose G., Knowle, Dunster, Taunton.
1898 Lewis, E. J., Dudwell House, Hden Bridge, Kent.
1876 Lewis, George, F.L.S., 87, Frant-road, Tunbridge Wells.
1892 Licutroot, R. M., Bree-st., Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.
1865 ¢ Lurwetyn, Sir John Talbot Dillwyn, Bart, M.A, F.LS.,
Penllergare, Swansea.
1881 ¢ Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome, Bognor.
1885 + Luoyp, Robert Wylie, St. Cuthberts, Thurleigh-road, Balham, S.W.
1899. Lounssury, Charles P., B.Se., Government Entomologist, Cape
Town, S. Africa.
1894 Lown, The Rev. Frank E., M.A., St. Stephen’s Vicarage, Guernsey.
1893 Lower, Oswald B., St. Oswald’s, Bartley-crescent, Wayville, South
Australia.
1901 Lower, Rupert 8., Oswaldton, Bartley-crescent, Wayville, Sout"
Australia.
1898 Lucas, William John, B.A., 28, Knight’s Park, Kingston-on- Thames.
1880 Lupton, Henry, Lyndhurst, North Grange-road, Headingley, Leeds,
1901 Lyman, Henry H., M.A., F.R:G.S., 74, McTavish-street, Montreal,
Canada.
1887 M‘Dovuaatt, James Thomas, Dunolly, Morden-road, Blackheath, S.E,
1901 McGregor, T. M., 48, Glasqow-road, Perth.
1851 + M‘IntosnH, J.
1888 Mackinnon, P. W., Lynndale, Mussoorie, N.W.P., India.
1900 Mackwoop, The Hon. F. M., M.L.C., Colombo, Ceylon.
1858 McLacutay, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.8., Treasurer, Westview,
23, Clarendon-road, Lewisham, 8.E.
i898 Mappison, T., South Bailey, Durham.
1899 + Main, Hugh, B.Sc., 131, Windsor-road, Forest Gate, E.
1887 MANpDERs, Captain Neville, R.A.M.C., Colombo, Ceylon. :
1892 Manssripa@z, William, Colgate, Horsham,
1894 MarsHALt, Alick, Auchinraith, Bexley, S.O., Kent.
1895 Marswatt, G. A. K., P.O. Box 56, Salisbury, Mashonaland, Suuth
Africa,
1896 MarsHatt, P., M.A., B.Sc, F.G.S., University School of Mines,
Dunedin, New Zealand,
b
( xviii)
1865 MarsHatt, The Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A., Villa della Croce, Ajaccio,
Corsica.
1856 + MarsHatL, William, Auchinraith, Bexley, S.O., Kent.
1897 Martineau, Alfred H., Solihull, Birmingham.
1874 + Mason, Philip Brookes, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Trent House, Burton-on-
Trent.
1895 Massey, Herbert, Zvy-Lea, Burnage, Withington, Manchester.
1865 MartuHew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Lee House,
Domes Pemnibhy
1887 MartTHeEws, Cierniden, Stentaway, ‘Piymittoeks Plymouth.
1899 May, Ha Haden, Redlands, Hillbury-road, Upper Tootiny, S.W.
1860 May, John William, K.N.L., 49, Warwick-road, Earls Court, 8.W.
1872 + MeLpoua, Professor Raphael, F.R.S., F.C.S., 6, Brunswick-square
W.C
1885 MELVILL, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S., 36, George-street, Manchester.
1887 MERRIFIELD, Frederic, 24, Vernon-terrace, Brighton.
1888 Meryer-Darcis, G., c/o Sogin and Meyer, Wohlen, Switzerland.
1880 Meyrick, Edward, B.A., F.Z.S., Elmswood, Marlborough.
1894 Matt, Professor Louis Compton, F.R.S., 8, Spring-road, Headingley,
Leeds.
1883 Mies, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta.
1896 Moperty, J. C., M.A., 9, Rockstone-place, Southampton.
1879 Mowrerro, Dy, pe Augusto de Carvalho, 70, Rua do Alecrinar,
Lisbon.
1853 Moors, Frederic, D.Sc., A.L.S., F.Z.S., 17, Maple-road, Penge, 8.E.
1899 Moore, Harry, 12, Lower-road, Rotherhithe.
1886 Moraan, A. C, F., F.L.S., 24, Leinster-square, W.
1889 + Moricr, The Rev. F. D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford,
Brunswick, Mount Hermon, Woking.
1895 + Morey, Claude, Zpswich.
1893 Morton, Kenneth J., 13, Blackford-road, Edinburgh.
1900 Moser, Julius, 90, Bulow-strasse, Berlin.
1882 Mostey, S. L., Beawmont Park, Huddersfield.
1898 Mouvustey, H., 10, Selborne-terrace, Manningham, Bradford.
1901 Mutr, Frederick, 86, Christchurch-street, Ipswich.
1869 + Mtuuer, Albert, F.R.G.S., c/o Herr A. Miiller-Mechel, Gren-
zacherstrasse, 60, Basle, Switzerland.
1872 + Murray, Lieut.-Col. H., 43, Cromwell Houses, Cromwell-road, S.W.
1896 NesHam, Robert, Utrecht House, Queen’s-road, Clapham Park, S.W.
1889 Nevinson, Basil George, M.A., F.Z.8., 3, Tedworth-square,
Chelsea, S.W.
1901 Nervinson, E.G.B., 7, Staple Inn, Holborn; and 3, Tedworth-square,
Chelsea.
1890 NewstnEaD, R., The Museum, Chester.
1900 NicHout, Mrs, M. Dela B., Merthyr Mawr, Bridgend, Glamorgdnshire.
1895
1886
1893
1897
1886
1878
1895
1869
1877
Gk 3
NicHoison, Charles, 202, Evering-road, Clapton, N.E.
NicnHorson, William E., School Hill, Lewes,
NonFrigD, A. F., Rakonitz, Bohemia.
Norris, Albert, Church-lane, Napier, New Zealand,
Norris, Herbert E., 15, Market-place, Cirencester.
Nortipar, Thomas, Ashford, Kent.
Norsk, Captain C. G., F.R.G.S., Indian Staff Corps, Deesa, India.
OpERTHUR, Charles, Rennes ([lle et Vilaine), France,
OBERTHUR, René, Jennes (Ille et Vilaine), France.
1893 + OciE, Bertram S., Steeple Aston, Oxfordshire.
1893
1873
1895
1898
1901
1883
1879
1900
1897
1901
1891
1901
1885
OLIVER, John Baxter, Elmleigh, Elm-row, Hampstead, N.W.
OxiviER, Ernest, Ramillons, prés Moulins (Allier), France.
Paar, Herbert E., Bertrose, Gellatly-road, St. Catherine’s Park, 8.E.
PauLisER, H. G., Chief Engineer, P.W.D., Karachi, India.
Prat, Henry Woolner, Indian Musewm, Calcutta.
P&RINGUEY, Louis, South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.
PERKINS, Vincent Robt., Wotton-wnder-Edge.
Puinips, The Rev. W. J. Leigh, The Cottage, Parkwood-road,
Tavistock,
Painiirs, Hubert C., M.R.C.S., M. and L.8.A., 262, Gloucester-terrace,
Hyde-park, W.
PickeTt, C. P., 99, Dawlish-road, Leyton, Essex.
Prercr, Frank Nelson, 1, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.
PrrFaRD, Albert, Felden, Boxmoor, Hemel Hempstead.
Pout, J. R. H. Neerwort van de, //eerengracht 476, Amsterdam.
1870 t+ Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.S., Crosland Hall, Huddersfield.
1884+ Pounton, Professor Edward B., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.LS., F.GS.,
1851
1878
1893
1898
1900
1874
1900
1893
1891
1898
1890
F.Z.8., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford,
Vick-PRESIDENT, Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxford.
Preston, The Rev, Thomas Arthur, M.A,, F.L.S., Thurcaston
Rectory, Leicester.
Prick, David, 48, West-street, Horsham.
Prout, Louis Beethoven, 246, Richmond-road, Dalston, N.E,
Quart, Ambrose, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Ratnsow, William J., The Australian Musewm, Sydney, N.S.W.
REED, Edwyn C., C.M.Z.S., Rancagua, Chili.
ReEtD, Percy Charles, Peering Bury, Kelvedon, Essex,
Rep, Captain Savile G., late R.E., The Elms, Yalding, Maidstone.
Rep, William, St. Andrews-road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South
Africa.
REttTon, R. H., c/o Perkins and Co., Ltd., Brisbane, Queensland.
RENDLESHAM, The Right Honble. Lord, Rendlesham Hall, Wood-
bridge.
( xx )
1898 Reuter, Professor Enzio, Helsingfors, Finland.
1886 Ruopkss, John, 360, Blackburn-road, Accrington.
1891 RicHarpson, Nelson M., B.A., Monte Video, Weymouth.
1894 Ripine, William Steer, B.A., M.D., Buckerell Lodge, Honiton.
1853 Rrron, The Most Noble the Marquis of, K.G., D.C.L., F.R.S., F-L.S.,
etc., 9, Chelsea Embankment, S.W.
1892 Roptnson, Sydney C., Goldsmiths’ Hall, E.C.
1869 + Ropinson-Dovetas, William Douglas, M.A, F.LS., F.R.GS,,
Orchardton, Castle Douglas.
1890 Rosson, John Emmerson, 15, Northgate, Hartlepool.
1886 Ross, Arthur J., 37, Church Crescent, Muswell Hill, N.
1868 Roruney, George Alexander James, Pembury, Tudor-road, Upper
Norwood, 8.E.
1894 + RotuscaiLp, The Honble. Nathaniel Charles, F.Z.S., 148, Piccadilly,
W.; and Tring Park, Tring.
1888 + RotuscHILp, The Honble. Walter, D.Sc., M.P., F.Z.S., 148, Picca-
dilly, W.; and Tring Park, Tring.
1890 Rovurieper, G. B., Tarn Lodge, Heads Nool:, Carlisle.
1887 Rownanp-Brown, Henry, M.A., Secretary, Oxhey-grove, Harrow
Weald.
1898 RussEuy, A., The Limes, Southend, Catford, S.E.
1892 RussE.1, 8. G. C., 19, Lombard street, E.C.
1899 Ryzes, William E., B.A., 11, Waverley Mount, Nottingham.
1886 SaLwey, Reginald E., Sungate, Hook-road, Kingston-on- Thames.
1865 — SAUNDERS, Edward, F.L.S., St. Ann’s, Mount Hermon, Woking.
1861 ¢ SauNDERS, G. 8., 20, Dents-road, Wandsworth Common, 8.W.
1886 SauNnvDERS, Prof. Wm., Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada.
1901 Scuaus, W., F.Z.S., Trentham House, Twickenham.
1881 Scouuick, A. J., Penshurt, Merton-road, Wimbledon, S.W.
1864 Semper, George, Klopstock-strasse 23, Altona, Elbe, Germany.
1862 SwHarp, David, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Vick-PRESIDENT,
Hawthorndene, Hills-road, Cambridge ; and University Museum of
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge.
1883 SHaw, A. Eland, M.R.C.S., Althorpe, Doncaster.
1901 SHELFORD, R., The Museum, Sarawak, Borneo.
1883 ¢ SHELLEY, Capt. George Ernest, F.G.S., F.Z.S., 39, Eyerton-gardens,
S.W
1900 + SHEPHEARD-Watwyn, H. W., M.A., Glensyde, Ridborough, Tun- —
bridge Wells.
1887 Sicu, Alfred, Brentwood, 65, Barrowgate-road, Chiswick, W.
1901 SKERTCHLY, Ethelbert Forbes, Hongkong.
1901 Smits, Arthur, 5, Cavendish-street, Grimsby.
1901 Smirn, W. G., 164, Wells-road, Knowle, Bristol.
1895 Smita, W. W., Ashburton, Canterbury, New Zealand. ~
1901
1892
1897
1893
( Sar )
Sopp, Erasmus John Burgess, F.R.Met.S., Saxholme, Hoylake, S.O.,
Cheshire.
SoutH, Richard, 96, Drakefield-road, Upper Tooting, S.W.
SpaRKE, E. G. J., B.A., 1, Christchurch-Villas, Tooting Bec-road,
S.W.
STANDEN, Richard §., F.L.S., Townlands, Lindfield, Sussex.
Stargs, C. L. B, M.R.CS., L.R.C.P., Phe lnfirmary, Wandsworth,
S.W.
Srparns, A. E., New Mills Cottage, Henley-on-Thames.
SreBBine, E. P., Indian Forest Service, c/o King, Hamilton and
Co., Calcutta.
STEBBING, Henry, The Shawe, Jarvis Brook, Tunbridge Wells.
STEVENS, John S., 4, Pope’s Grove, Twickenham.
Srraton, C. R., F.R.C.S., West Lodge, Wilton, Salisbury.
STRICKLAND, T. A. Gerald, 39, Rosary-gardens, S.W.
Strupp, FE. A. C., Downton, near Salisbury.
Strupp, E. F., M.A., B.C.L., Oxton, Exeter.
Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks.
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SwWINHOEK, Ernest, Avenue House, Oxford.
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Taytor, The Rev. George W., F.R.S. (Canada), St. Alban’s Rectory,
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THEOBALD, F. V., M.A., Lecturer in Economic Entomology and
Zoology to the South Eastern Agricultural College, Wye Court,
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THomePson, Matthew Lawson, 35, Leven-street, Saltburn-by-the-Sea.
THORNLEY, The Rev. A., M.A., F.LS., South Leverton Vicarage,
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TOWNSEND, Professor C. H. Tyler, Lus Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A.
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1895
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TuNALEY, Henry, 30, Puirmont-road, Brivton Hill, S.W.
TunstaLL, Wilmot, Brook House, Meltham, Huddersfield.
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1866
1897
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1901
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1870
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( pee’ } ~
VERRALL, George Henry, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket.
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WacHER, Sidney, F.R.C.S., Dane John, Canterbury.
WADDINGTON, John, 38, Leicester Grove, Blackman Lane, Leeds.
Waopk, Albert, 20, Frenchwood-street, Preston, Lancashire.
Watinwaicut, Colbran J., 2, Handsworth Wood-road, Handsworth,
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WAKEFIELD, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge.
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1863 | WauLace, Alfred Russel, D.C.L., Oxon., F.B.S., F.LS., F.ZS.,
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1866 | WaLsiIneHAM, The Right Honble. Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.,
1886
1869
1901
1900
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F.Z.8., High Steward of the University of Cambridge, Jerton
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WaRREN, Win, M.A., 57, Wilton-avenue, Chiswick Lane, W.
WaTERHOUSE, Charles O., Ingleside, Avenue-gardens, Acton, W. ;
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WATERHOUSE, Gustavus A., B.Sc. F.C.8., Waverley, Sydney, New
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Watkins, C. J., King’s Mill House, Painswick, Stroud, Gloucester-
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1876 | WEsTERN, E. Young, 36, Lancaster Gute, Hyde Park, W.
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1900
1901
1899
1891
1888
1892
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WiuEmay, A. E., c/o H.B.M.’s Consul, Kobe, Japan.
Wiuson, Edwin, Mill-lane, Cambridge.
WotteEy-Dop, F. H., Box 225, Culgary, Alberta, N.W.T., Canada.
Woop, The Rev. Theodore, 157, Trinity-roud, Upper Tooting, 8.W.
Woon, H., The Old Grammar School, Ashford, Kent.
WooprorbE, F. C., Market Drayton.
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1047, Waterbury, Conn., U.S.A.
Wrovueuton, R. C., Conservator of Forests, Indian Forest Service,
Poona, Bombay Presidency, India; and c/o Army and Navy
Co-operative Society, Ltd., 105, Victoria-street, S.W.
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C “sam --)
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY
DurRinG THE YEAR 1901.
Avpricit (J. M.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. }
AnpDreEws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas Island.
(The Arachnida, ete., by R. I. Pocock; the Jnsecta by G. J. Arrow,
A. G. Butler, C. J. Gahan, W. F. Kirby, C. O. Waterhouse,
and Lord Walsingham.) 8vo, London, 1900.
The Trustees Brit. Mus. NV. H.
Arrow (G. J.). [See ANprEws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas
Island. |
AuRivILLIuS (Chr.). Verzeichniss der von Dr, F. Meinert im Jahre 1891
in Venezuela gesammelten Cerambyciden.
[Ofvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1900.]
Verzeichniss einer von den Hersen E. Laman und W. Sjoholm bei
Mukinbungu am unteren Congo zusammengebrachten Schmet-
_ terlingssammlung.
[Ofvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1900.]
Lepidoptera och Coleoptera (Arktiska expeditioner, 1898—190U. )
[Ofvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1900.]
peesnoeey neuer Lepidopteren aus Africa.
[Ent. Tidskr., 1901. ]
On the Ethiopian Genera of the family Striphnopterygide.
[Bihang K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand xxvii.]
Insekternas sjalslif. 12mo, Stockholm, 1901.
The Author,
Banxs (N.). Bibliography of the more important contributions to American
economic entomology. Part VII.
[U.S. Dept. Agric. Div. Ent.]
Some Spiders and other Arachnida from Porto Rico.
. [Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXV.]
The Smithsonian Institution.
Barsey (A.). Les Scolytides de Europe Centrale. 4to, Geneve et Paris,
1901. Purchased.
Barrert (C, G.). British Lepidoptera. Vol. VII.
The Publishers (L. Reeve and Co.).
Bracu (8S. A.), Lowk (V. H.) and Stewart (F. C.).
Common diseases and Insects injurious to Fruits.
[Bull. No. 170, N. Y. Agric. Expt. Stu., 1899.] The Station.
{ xxiv )
Bere (C.). Rectificaciones y anotaciones 4 lo Sinopsis de los Hémipteros
de Chile de E. C. Reed.
[An. del Mus. Nac. de Buenos Aires, Tom. VII.]
Substitution dun nom générique d’Hémipteres.
[Com. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1901. ]
Des nonnullis speciebus argentine cognitis aut novis généris Epzpe-
donotz, Sol.
[Com. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1901.] The Author.
BIGNELL (G. C.). The Ichneumonide of South Devon. Pt. II., Braconide.
(Trans. Devon Assn. for Advancement of Science, 1901. i
; The Author.
BianpForp (W. F. H.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-
Americana. |
Bormans (A. de) und Krauss (H.). Forficulide und Hemimeride.
[Des Tierrich, Lief. ii., 1900.] Mr. Malcolm Burr.
Bruner (L.). [See GopMan (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. |
Buckier (W.). Larve of British Butterflies and Moths (Vols. VII—IX.)
Kd. by G. T. Porritt. Ray Society. 8vo, London, 1894—1899.
Purchased,
Burcsss-Sorp (EH. J.). British Burying Beetles.
[Science Gossip, Vol. V.]
Annual Address to the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological
Society, Session 1900.
Some additional beetles from East Dorset.
[Natutalist’s Journal, 1901. ]
Some British Diving Beetles.
[Science Gossip, Vol. VII. ]
Burer (A. G.). [See ANDREws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas Island
Catvert (P. P.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. |
CHAMBERLIN (R. V.). List of the Myriapod family Lithobiidz of Salt Lake
County, Utah, with descriptions of Five new species.
[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIV. ] The Museum.
Cuampion (G. C.).. [See GopmMan (F. D.). Biologia Centrali- Americana. |
Cuarnoy (D. de). [See Granppreé (A. D. de).]
CockERELL (T. D. A.). Observations on Insects.
[Bull. No. 35 N. Mex. Coll. Agric., 1900. ] The Author.
CoquitteTt (D. W.). A systematic Arrangement of the families of the
Diptera.
[Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXIII., 1901] The Museum.
New Diptera from Southern Africa.
[Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXIV. ] The Museum.
DonistHorrPe (H. St. J. K.). The origin of, and progress in, the study of
Myrmecophilous Coleoptera.
[Trans. Leicester Lit. and Phil. Soc., VI., 1901.] The Author.
Druck (HERBERT). Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera from
Kast Africa and Tropical America.
(Ann. and Mag. N. H., Ser. 7, Vol. VII., 1901.]
The Author.
( xxv )
Fetr (A. P.). Memorial of life aud Entomological work of J. A. Lintner...
[Suppt. to 14th Report of the State Entomologist, Bull. N. Y. State
Mus., Vol. V., No. 24.] 8vo, Albany, 1899.
16th Report of the State Entomologist on Injurious and: other
Insects of the State of New York.
[Bull. N. Y. State Mus., Vol. VII., No. 36, 1900. |
Illustrated Descriptive catalogue of some of the more important
Injurious and Beneficial Insects of New York State.
(Bull. N. Y. State Mus., Vol. VIII., No. 37, 1900.]
The Museum,
FENELON (Vicomte F. de Salignac). Origines et distribution Géographique
de la faune d’Europe.
[Soc. @hist. Nat. de Toulouse, 1901. ] The Author.
Foret (A.). Expériences et remarques critiques sur les sensations des
Insects, I et IT.
[Riv. di Sci. Biologiche, Vol. II., Como, 1900. ]
Critique des experiences farites dés 1887, avec quelques nouvelles
expériences, ITI—V.
[Riv. di Biologia générale, Vol. III., Como, 1901. ]
Einige neue Ameisen aus Siidbrasilien, Java, Natal und Mossamedes.
[Mittheil. der sch. ent. ges., Bd. X.]
Formiciden des naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Nouvelles
espeéces de Ponerinz.
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Formiciden aus dem Bismarck-archipels. Variétés Myrmecologiques.
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Gauan (C. J.). [See AnpREws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas
Island. ]
GopmAN (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana.
Araneidea, by O. and F, O. Pickard-Cambridge.
Insecta, by J. M. Aldrich, W. F. H. Blandford, L. Bruner, P. P.
Calvert, G. C. Champion, F. D. Godman, A. L. Melander, A.P.
Morse, O. Salvin, W. M. Wheeler, and 8. W. Williston. Parts
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GRANDPRE (A. D. de) et CHarmoy (D. de).
Les Moustiques. St. Louis, Mauritius. The Authors.
Hampson (Sir George F., Bart.). Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalzene
in the British Museum, Vol. III., Arctiadee (Arctianz) and
Agaristidz, text and plates, 1901.
The Trustees Brit. Mus. N. H.
Hoiianp (W. J.). The Lepidoptera of Buru. Parts I and II.
[Novitates Zoologice, Vol. VII. ] The Author.
The Butterfly Book. Royal 8vo, New York, 1900. Purchased.
Howanrpd (L. O.). The Principal Insects affecting the Tobacco Plant.
[U. 8. Dept. Agric. Farmers’ Bull., No. 120.]
ILLIDGE (R.) and Quaint (A.). Australasian wood-boring Hepialide.
The Authors.
The Dept. Agric.
(eet J
Kirpy (W. F.). [See ANDREws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas
: Island. |
KirKALpy (G. W.). On some Rhynchota principally from New Guinea ~
(Amphibionide and Notonectidz).
[Ann. del Mus. Civ. di Storia Nat. di Genova, Vol. XX., Ser. 2.]
The British and Finnish Species of the Orthopterous Genus,
Acrydiun.
[Entomologist, 1901.]
Six new Reduviide from Sumatra.
[Notes Leyden Mus., Vol. XXIII, 1901. ] The Author.
Krauss (H.) [See Bormans (A. de). |
KRrieGER (R.). Ueber die Ichneumoniden-Gattung Certonotus, Kriechb.
Hymen.)
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Lucas (R.) und Serpritz G. Bericht-Gebiete der Entomologie des Jahres,
1898, Hft. 1. Purchased.
LorruovusE (T. A.). A Few notes on Lepidoptera that have been recorded
for the Cleveland district during past years.
[Proc. Cleveland Nat. Field Club, 1900.] The Author.
LonestarFF (G. B.). Lepidoptera observed in the parish of Mortehoe, North
Devon. 8vo, London, 1901. The Author.
LowE (V.H.). Miscellaneous notes on Injurious Insects.
[Bull. No. 180, N. Y. Agric. Expt. Stn., 1900.] The Station.
MELANDER (A. L.). [See GopMan (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. |
Morsz (A. P.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. }
OrMEROD (Miss E.). Report of injurious insects during the year 1900.
The Author.
Preckuam (G. W.) and PeckHam (HE. G.). Spiders of the Phidippus-group
of the family Attide.
(Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Vol. XIII. ] The Authors.
Perincuky (L.). Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa.
The Author.
PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE (F. O.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-
Americana. |
———(0O.). List of British and Irish Spiders. 8vo, Dorchester, 1900.
Purchased.
[See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. |
Pocock (R. I.). [See ANDREws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas
Island. ]
Quaint (A.). [See Intipex (R.).]
Raconor (E. L.). Diagnoses of North-American Phycitide and Galleriide.
8vo, Paris, 1887,
Nouveaux Genres et espéces de Phycitide et Galleriide. 8vo, Paris
1887. Purchased.
Reset (H.). [See SrauDIncER (O.).]
Savin (V.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americaua. ]
( sxe)
Saussure (H. de) und Zeunrer (L.). Myriopoden aus Madagaskar und
Zanzibar.
[Abh. der Zenck. natur. Ges. Bd., XXVI.] Lhe Authors.
Sripiitz (G.). [See Lucas (R.).]
Semper (G.). Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinschen Inseln. Band. II.
Die Nachtfalter-Heterocera. Lfg.4. 4to, Wiesbaden, 1900.
The Author.
SuinGeRLAND (M. V.). Cornell University Agric. Expt. Station. nt.
Division.
Bulletin No. 33. Wireworms (Nov. 1891).
os » 44. The Pear-tree Psylla (Oct. 1892).
“ » 78: The Cabbage Root Maggot (Nov. 1894).
- ,, 83. A Plum Scale in W. New York (Dec. 1894).
ts , 93. The Cigar-Case Bearer in W. New York (May
1895).
= ,, 107. Wireworms and the Bed Moth (Jan. 1896),
a , 108. Tbe Pear Psylla and the New York Plum Scale
(Jan. 1896).
99 » 128. Green Fruit Worms (Dec. 1896.)
© ,, 124. The Pistol-Case Bearer in W. New York (Jan.
1897).
* » 126. The Currant Stem Girdler and the Raspberry-
Cane Maggot (Feb. 1897).
¢ » 133. The Army-Worm iu New York (April 1897).
s , 142. The Codling Moth (Jan. 1898).
S. , 148. The Quince Curculio (May 1898).
é ,, 157. The Grape-vine Flea-beetle (Dec. 1898).
3 » 172. The Cherry Fruit-fly (Sept. 1899).
i » 176. The Peach-Tree Borer (Dec. 1899).
3 , 185. The Common European Burying Mantis (Nov.
1900).
= », 187. The Palmer-worm (Jan. 1901).
a , 190. Three unusual Strawberry pests (May 1901).
FS ,, 192. Experiments upon Peach-Tree Borer (May 1901).
The Plum-twig Gall-Mite.
[Canad. Ent., Dec. 1895.]
The Agrotis subgothica of Haworth, again.
[Canad. Ent., Dec, 1896. ]
The Crinkled Flannel Moth.
[Canad. Ent., Jan. 1897.]
The Blueberry Span-worm and the Bumble Flower-beetle.
[Canad. Ent., March 1897. |
Insect pests of 1898.
[Proc. 44th Ann. Meeting W. New York Hortic. Soc., 1899.]
A Glance into the past and future, and some of the insect episodes
of 1900.
[Proc. 46th Ann. Meeting of W. New York Hortic. Soc., 1901.]
Insects and Insecticides.
[Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. | The Author.
() sya =}
SputerR (A.). Die Schmetterlinge Europas. Dritte anflage von E, Hofmann
gleichnamigen Werke.
[Lief. I—III.]. 4to, Stuttgart, 1901. Purchased.
STAUDINGER (O.) und Reser (H.). Catalog der Lepidopteren des Pale-
arctischen Faunengebietes. 8vo, Berlin, 1901. Purchased.
STEFANELLI (P.). Nuova Catalogo Illustrativo dei Lepidotteri Ropaloceri
della Toscania. ;
[ Bull. Soc. Ent, Italiana, 1900.] The Author.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (Division OF ENTOMOLOGY),
(New Series).
Bull. No. 27. Some insects injurious to the Violet, Rose and other
Ornamental plants. by F. H. Chittenden.
No. 28. Insect enemies of the Spruce in the North-east, by
A. D. Hopkins.
No. 29. The Fall Army-worm and variegated Cutworm, by
F. H. Chittenden.
No. 30. Some Miscellaneous results of the work of the
division of Entomology, by L. O. Howard.
Farmers’ Bulletins.
Bull. No. 130. The Mexican Cotton-Boll Weevil, by J’. W. Mally.
No. 132. The principal insect enemies of growing wheat, by
C. L. Marlatt. The Dept. Agric.
Verravy (G. H.). British Flies, Vol. VIIT.—Platypezidx, Pipunculidz and
Syrphide of Great Britain. Svo, London, 1901.
The Author.
WaALsINGHAM (Lord). [See ANDREws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas
Island. |
WarrEN (W.). New Uraniidx, Epiplemidze and Geometride from the
Oriental and Palaearctic regions.
| Novitates Zoologicz, 1901. ]
New Thyridide, Epiplemidz and Geometride from the Aethiopian
region.
[Novitates Zoologice, 1901. |
New Genera and species of American Drepanulidee, Thyrididz
Epiplemidz and Geometride.
[Novitates Zoologicz, 1900. ] The Author.
WATERHOUSE (C. O.). [See ANDREws (C. W.). A Monograph of Christmas
Island. |
Ween (C. M.). The Spiny Elm Caterpillar.
[Bull. No. 67, N. H. Coll. Agric. Exp. Stn., 1899. ]
The Author.
WHEELER (W.M.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali- Americana. |
WILKINSON (J. J.). The Pharynx of the Eristalis Larva. 8vo, London 1901.
The Author.
Witutston (8. W.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. }
ZEHNTER (L.). Zur Anatomie der Copulationsfusse exotischer Juliden.
[Zool. Anzeigers, 1901.) The Author.
[See SaussurE (H. de). ]
( xem”)
Periodicals and Publications of Societies.
AFRICA.
Carr Town. South African Philosophical Society. Transactions, Vol. XI.
The Society.
South African Museum. Annals. Vol. IL., Pts. 1-5.
Trustees S. Afr. Mus,
AMERICA (NORTH).
CANADA.
Hatirax. Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Proceedings and Transactions.
Vol. X., Pt. 2. The Institute.
Lonpon, OnTarIoO. The Canadian Entomologist. Vol. XX XIII, 1901.
By Exchange.
MontTreAL. Royal Society of Canada. Proceedings and ‘Transactions.
Ser. 2, Vol. VI., 1900. The Society.
Ontario. Ent. Soc. of Ontario, 31st Report, 1900, The Society.
UNITED STATES. -
New York. N.Y. Entomological Society. Journal,1901. Purchased.
Annual Rept. Smithsonian Institution, 1898. The Museum.
PHILADELPHIA. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings,
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Entomological News, Vol. XIT., 1901. By Exchange.
American Entomological Society. Transactions, 1901.
By Exchange.
WASHINGTON. Entomological Society. Proceedings, Vol. 1V., 1901. .
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U.S. National Museum. Proceedings, Vol. X XI. The Museum.
U.S. Nat. Mus. Report, 1898.
WEST INDIBS.
Barpapbors. West Indian Bulletin. Vol. II. My, F. Du C. Godman,
AMERICA (SOUTH).
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Corposa. Bol. XVI. The Museum,
Buenos Arres. Boletin de da Acad, Nac de Ciencias en Cordoba. Tomo
XVI. Ent. 1—4. The Acad. Nat.
ASIA.
INDIA.
Bompay. Natural History Society. Journal. Vol. XIII., No. 3—5.
male By Exchange,
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Brinn. Verhand. der naturf. Vereines in Brunn. Bd. XXXVIII. 1899.
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CaEn. Société Francaise d’Entomologie. Revue. Tome XX., 1901.
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Nature. 1901. The Publishers.
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TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LONDON
For THE YEAR 1901.
I. Observations on some species of Orina, a genus of
viviparous and ovo-viviparous Beetles. By GEORGE
CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S., and THomMAs ALGERNON
CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S. Reported by Dr. THOMAS
ALGERNON CHAPMAN.
[Read December 5th, 1900.]
PuaTEs I. ann II.
THOUGH not our first meeting with examples of this
genus, we were, last year at Fusio (Tessin, Switzerland),
attracted by a species that we believed to be O. gloriosa,
which led to our taking an increased interest in the
Oring. These were rather large Chrysomela-like beetles,
some specimens being about half-an-inch long. Their
coloration varied immensely, through blue, blue-green,
green with a blue stripe, bright metallic grass-green, and
the same with blue or coppery stripes, the latter being
very handsome, and fully justifying its various synonyms
of gloriosa, superba, speciosa. Some of the blue-green
specimens were so dark as to be almost black. The most
dissimilar forms were secured 7 copuld, and these with
series of the several forms were exhibited at the meeting
of the Entomological Society on February 7th, 1900. This
striking variation suggests these beetles as very suitable for
experiments on heredity and variation, especially as our
experience this year shows that they are very easy to rear.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL) Il
2 Mr.G.C, Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
The larve feed up rapidly in confinement, and submit to
various conditions without apparently suffering in health,
The little attention we gave to these beetles in 1899
led us to believe that there were several closely allied
forms which varied in much the same manner, so that
an arrangement of the specimens by colour alone, would
look much more natural, than each species by itself if
represented by all its varieties.
This year we came across a colony of a very similar
insect at Pontresina, a species that seemed to have almost
precisely the same range of variation as 0. gloriosa. This
species turned out to be Orina vittigera, and presented
not a few of the “superb” copper-striped form that does
not appear to have been recognised as occurring in vitti-
gera, and which is certainly not so common as we found it
in the Fusio insect. We felt constrained to take a con-
tinued interest in these from the variety point of view.
One of the first things, however, that I noticed when
looking at them on their food-plant, was a female beetle,
laying, not eggs, but larve. The fact that the species
was viviparous was new to us at the time, and led us to
make further observations. We find, however, that this
habit had been recorded, so far back as 1855, by M. Perroud
(Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1855), and has since been noticed
by other entomologists, especially by Herr J. Weise.
With the single exception of a note in the Ent. Monthly
Mag. Vol. XI., we can find no allusion to this habit in
any English (or American) Journals or Text-books; the
latter indeed refer to Schiodte’s! observations on certain
termitophilous Staphylinide as being all that is known of
viviparity in Coleoptera.
We afterwards secured three other species of Orina
from which we were able to obtain eggs or larve and to
rear the latter to full growth, so that we are able to add
a little to what has hitherto been recorded, as well as
having had the pleasure of observing some interesting
facts, practically unknown to English Entomologists.
The papers we have been able to find bearing on the life-
history of these beetles are not numerous; it may be use-
ful to give the following short account of them :—
M. Perroud’s original note records how he brought
home specimens of O. gloriosa (from near the Grande
Chartreuse), and found small larve in his boxes that he
1 Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 1857.
Observations on some species of Orina. 3
was sure were not put there in the field, at which he was
naturally greatly astonished. He followed the matter up
so as to prove that the beetle actually laid living larve.
He did not rear these, but he describes the young larva,
with some doubtful items in the accounts of its mouth parts.
Herr Letzner gives an account of the larva of Orina
cacalz in the Bericht. Schlesien. Gesells. for 1856, p.
106. He gives the food-plants as Cacalia (= Adenostyles)
albifrons and Senecio nemorensis. I have not been able to
refer to this paper.
In the “ Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques” for October
Ist, 1874, M. L. Bleuse relates his experience of Chrysomela
venusta. This article was translated and appears in
German in the Ent. Nachr. for 1875, p. 24, and in English in
the Ent. Monthly Mag. for Nov. 1874. It is the only notice
of the whole subject that I can find in any English form.
This species fed on Helosciadium nudiflorum, on which
he had found the beetle. He notes that the larve
moulted twice, and went to earth on the 16th to 18th
day. He notes the young larve as being laid with the end
of the abdomen against the leaf, and being of a pale green-
yellow colour, but quickly became brown, and at the end
of ten minutes were feeding on the leaf.
J. Weise, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1883, p. 243, gives a
list with critical and‘descriptive notes of some Swiss Oring,
mentioning nine species presenting material for remark,
followed by a table for discriminating the species of the
genus, including 22 species.
There are no remarks on habit or life-history.
J. Weise, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1885, p. 4038, gives an
account of the development and rearing of Orina.
The certainty of naming the species of the genus by
the form of the penis, in comparison with previous doubt-
ful determinations, is mentioned with satisfaction, and the
further desirability of rearing the several species is dwelt
on. It is pointed out that if you cannot collect the beetles
yourself, you can get some one to send you gravid females
with the supply of the food-plant. That larve are laid
freely and are very easy to rear and can be fed on some
allied obtainable food-plant, if their true one does not
grow where you are.
In this way he obtained the beetles and larvee of Orina
alpestris, var. polymorpha, from the Herr Pfarrer Gutheil of
Dornfeld near the Konigsee. He carefully describes the
4 Mr. G.C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
process of laying the larvze, and describes the young and full-
grown larve, which he fed on Anthriscus sylvestris, failing
Cherophyllum nitidum or aromaticum, their proper food.
He notes the larva of 0. alpestris to be near that described
of O. superba by Perroud—both differing considerably from
that of O. cacalizx.
In the Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschrift for 1886, p. 29, Herr
Oberstlieutenant A. Schultze gives a description of the
larva of O. plagiata, which he found freely along with the
beetles in mid July on the Babia Gora in the Bistrathal.
They fed on Doronicum austriacum, Jacq. There are some
useful notes by Herr Schultze, and also by Herr J. Weise
on the precise food-plant and the range and habitat of
O. plagrata.
In the Bulletin of the Italian Entomological Society for
1889 (Vol. XXI. p. 46), Dr. Silvio Calloni, of Pavia, relates
his observations on Orina speciosissima, an insect which he
associates with Gentiana purpurea and a species of Galeopsis.
The beetle occurred on the leaves of a robust Galeopsis to
which no desire for feeding attracted them, but because
the leaves afforded satisfactory pairing stations. He
remarks on the tenacity with which pairs of the beetles
failed to separate on various disturbances. They remained
paired during the jolting of descending the mountain, and
afterwards for three days and a half during which they did
not eat; the male then ate a little, but the female not till
the fifth day. The female laid half a score little larve,
which he says must have been incubated in the vagina.
After the considerable detail he gives of the pairing, one is
disappointed to have no indication of how long after it was
when the young larve were laid. He refers to Bleuse’s
notes in the “ Feuilles des Jeunes Naturalistes,” and says
his is the first observation on O. spectosissima.
In the Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschrift for 1894, p. 250, J.
Weise has further remarks on the genus Orina.
He describes a larva on Centaurea as being that of
O. rugulosa, var. nigritula. As he did not see it laid, or rear
it, he mentions its identification with a shade of doubt.
The description is very close (only the young larva is
described) to that of our Centaurea feeder (O. tristis), The
rest of the paper is critical of the imagines.
In the Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschrift for 1897, p. 394,
Herr Weise gives an account of Orina alpestris and O. in-
tricata, saying how he found he was rather early for them
Observations on some species of Orina. 5
on July 10, but after nine days obtained both sexes. He
describes the pairing, which he says lasts all day. Refer-
ring to having previously dealt with O. alpestris (D. E. Z.
1885), he describes in some detail the egg-laying of 0.
intricata, describes the larva, how it assumes its activity
just after being laid, and how voracious it is. The food of
these was Senecio nemorensis, and a large Petasites, prac-
tically the same as of O. cacaliv. The difference between
the larvee of O. alpestris and O. intricata is noticed.
M. Schicdte’s observations on Staphylinide (Aleocharids)
in termites’ nests appeared in 1856. His specimens were too
much altered in spirit to enable him to make anything of
the interior anatomy of the beetle, but in the mass filling
the distended 2 abdomen he found eggs and larve in all
stages of development, many of the latter being fully
matured for external existence.
In recording our notes, the primary difficulty is to know
what names our insects are entitled to, and as there
seemed to be no equally satisfactory way of solving this
problem, we submitted the specimens to Herr J. Weise for
his opinion. We are able, therefore, to give the deter-
mination of the four species noticed on his authority.
The first species we dealt with, that taken at Pontresina
(in the wood on the way up to Muottas Pontresina and
elsewhere), is thus determined to be Orina vittigera, Suffr.
It is probably not the same as that observed by M.
Perroud, and called by him 0. speciosa, Panz. (superba,
Olivier), 0. vittigera not apparently reaching so far north as
his locality. His beetle was attached to Laszrpitiwm
- latifolium, whilst ours was confined to Peucedanwm ostruth-
wm. We saw the Laserpitium frequently, but always
without any beetles. The O. superba we met with at
Guarda was possibly the same as his; the larve of this ate
the Peueedanum, and also took readily to Angelica sylves-
tris, which the O. vittigera would merely nibble. It is
possible, however, that there is a greater range of food-
plant than we observed, since we know that many insects
are at first indifferent, which of a number of plants they
eat, but are averse, even to the extent of starvation, to eat-
ing afterwards any but the species they began with. Mr.
Burrows’ recent observations on the Geometrid moth
Luchloris smaragdaria well illustrate this circumstance.
What we saw on several occasions was a beetle placing
on a leaf, generally on the underside, as she would place
6 Mr.G.C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
an egg,a fully developed young larva. On one occasion
the young larva seemed accompanied by a shred of mem-
brane that attached it to the leaf. Another larva apparently
had to free its legs from some membranous matter. But
on all other occasions, we could be sure of nothing in the
way of membrane or egg-shell accompanying the young
larva.
The young larve were close on 2 mm. in length, were
placed with their anal extremities to the leaf and
remained in that position, with head depressed, and legs
appressed to the body, for perhaps a minute. Very
_ quickly, however, the young larva was moving about, and
within the hour had eaten a small circular hole in the leaf
on which it was laid. The larva at first was quite white
and colourless, and to a great degree transparent. The
coloured parts being the jaw-tips, the six eye-spots, and
the nine pairs of spiracles. It assumed the normal black
colour in a few hours,in a closed box. I did not ascertain,
but believe it does so more rapidly exposed to light and air.
The parturient female is expanded to considerable
dimensions, the elytra failing by a considerable distance
to cover the abdomen. She lays from three to six or even
more young at a time, or at least at intervals of a few
minutes, and does this once or twice a day, but not every
day, for a number of days. One specimen, for instance,
laid larve from July 4 (or before) till July 26th: on the
8th it laid six; by the 13th it had laid eleven more; by
the 15th, seven or eight more; 18th, six more; 20th, one;
22nd, seven; by the 26th, eight more. Altogether I
separated twenty individual females with similar results.
These observations of separate beetles were begun on
July 7th with beetles that had already deposited some
larve. One beetle from this date to the 26th (19 days)
deposited 57 larve, another 56, and another 43 in the
same period ; these beetles were noted as large. Of two
slender ones, one laid 11 larve up to the 22nd and
then ceased; the other laid 43 by the 22nd and then
died ; a greatly expanded beetle laid 37 by the 26th and
then ceased. That was the last date on which any
observed beetle laid any eggs. Though the beetles were
previously ill-used in the matter of being kept in the dark
or nearly so in very small boxes (some in pill-boxes with
glass lids, others in tins), they were supplied with plenty
of food.
Observations on some species of Orina. 7
One or two larve were deposited by beetles taken later,
up to August 6th, but none after. Whether they
naturally finish the process at this date I don’t know, but
it is very probable. Still it must be noted that no laying
beetles were taken at later dates, and that specimens
brought home to England were fed on an unacceptable
diet of which they partook most sparingly.
The beetles during August and September died con-
tinually by ones and twos, but there were still a dozen
or so alive on October Ist, and one that died at that date
was very shrunken, had no food in the alimentary canal,
but had some small eggs in nearly all of the ovarian tubes.
About half-a-dozen were still alive on November 4th.
The beetles in captivity were frequently found to be
pairing, but without result. These facts suggest that
there may be something more to learn, if observations
could be made when a good supply of the natural food
was obtainable.
I have but slight acquaintance with the literature of
viviparity in insects, and consequently do not know whether
anything very definite has been recorded as to where the
oya are fertilised and where development within the ovum
takes place. In the “sheep-tick” only one egg appears
to be matured at a time, and this seems to rest for a con-
siderable time in the dilated oviduct which acts appar-
ently as a uterus. In Melophagus it may therefore be
that fertilisation of the ovum takes place much in the way
that it does in the majority of insects, viz. in the oviduct
and from a spermatheca. In Scatophaga and other dip-
terous genera, ova are said to be retained in a dilated ovi-
duct till they hatch, larve being laid.
In Orina vittigera this is certainly not the case; the
development of the ova takes place in the ovarian tubes,
of which there are two bundles of about 20 in each,
from each of which bundles a tube meets its fellow to
form the common oviduct, the parts being arranged in the
same way as in the majority of insects. In the tubes
larve ready for hatching are found at their lower ends,
whilst higher up are smaller larve. The appearances
show that the larva grows considerably in the oviduct
after it has developed sufficiently to show eye-spots, and
still smaller bodies further up are probably not eggs for
fertilisation, but partially developed larvee. Some of these
are very similar to the larvee just showing eye-spots, and
8 Mr. G.C. Champion and Dr. T, A. Chapman’s
a few of the latter are only about half the length of the
fully developed larva. This line of investigation is one
that I have little acquaintance with, and the specimens
examined were brought home in glycerine, and did not —
seem to be so satisfactory to handle as fresh ones, so that
I cannot give such full details as are desirable.
The remarkable structure of the penis and its great
length may or may not have some relation to the fact of
fecundation of the ova taking place in the ovarian tubules.
I do not attach much importance to the frequent pairings
observed in captive specimens, especially as these led to
no progeny being developed, 7. ¢e. I doubt whether the
successively deposited larve are the result of successive
fertilisations, as this would imply an extraordinary form
of superfeetation. J incline to think that the succes-
sively deposited larvee come forward in the order they do,
in consequence of the amount of nutriment supplied them
leading to their maturing at recurrent periods. I express
the opinion, not, as holding it with any tenacity, for which
I have little grounds, but merely to point out one of the
many physiological problems that this case presents.
Another Orina, which we met with in quantity at
several places, especially in the Val Roseg at Pontresina,
is one of which we had little dowbt as to the correct
determination, and this has been confirmed by Herr
Weise. Its characters are more definite and distinctive.
This is Orina cacaliw, Schr., of which we found both larvee
and imagines on a species of Adenostyles, and in a tall
Solidago-like Senecio, probably S. nemorensis,
The larve were not very numerous, and were in the
2nd, 3rd and 4th instars, but we could find no young
ones, nor any gravid beetles.
The beetles of this species brought home would eat
coltsfoot (Zussilago farfara), but obviously did not like it,
and I found they did better, but not well, on groundsel,
Senecio vulgaris,
Of all the beetles I brought home and fed here, none of
O. vittigera and only one of O.cacalix produced young.
This, however, enabled me to see the young larva, and to
determine that this species produces larve and not eggs.
These larvee were not laid till September, and some of
them died. Some laid on September 11th moulted for
the third time on the 28th, and these, the last deposited,
seemed to thrive on groundsel. Only ten or twelve were
OO
Observations on some species of Orina. 9
laid, and a full month elapsed between the capture of the
beetles and the deposit of the larve.
I had both sexes of the beetles, and there were frequent
pairings, but as happened also with O. vittigera, nothing
came of them in-any case in which I separated the beetles
for observation—so that I do not know the period of gesta-
tion of either beetle.
At Guarda we met sparingly with two other species of
Orina. These were determined by Herr Weise to be 0.
gloriosa, Fabr., and O. tristis, Fabr., var. smaragdina. I
brought home one living female of each of these, and was
fortunate enough to obtain larve.
Both these beetles very much resemble 0. vittigera in
appearance, and it was not till 1 had the larva that I was
satisfied of the specific distinctness of O. gloriosa.
This species was found near the mill at Cloza. The
young larve were with the parent beetle when I got home;
they were clearly laid as larvee, as they were well advanced,
had no egg-shells present, and were very like those of O.
vutigera at the same age. Taking them to be, possibly, 0.
vittigera, I gave them Peucedanum ostruthiwm as long as I
had any, and then offered them Angelica sylvestris, which
they readily took to, in a way that neither beetles nor
larvee of O. vittigera would do. There were only three of
them, and two of them fed up and went down. Like the
other species they fed up in about a month, during which
they moulted three times.
The other species taken at Guarda, and which Herr
Weise has determined to be 0. tristis, Fabr. (lwetwosa, Oliv.),
var. smaragdina, Weise, has a very smooth disc to the pro-
thorax. I thought the beetle seemed attached to Cen-
taurea, and fed the larve on Centaurea scabtosa success-
fully. - The remarkable difference between this species
and the others is that it is oviparous and not viviparous ;
yet the beetles and larvee are very close indeed to those of
O. gloriosa and O. vittigera, and belong to the group of
which it is so difficult to distinguish the species, and differ
from 0. cacaliz, which is tolerably distinct in both stages,
and yet is viviparous like 0. gloriosa and O. vittigera.
The egg of O. tristis is of a very definite firm
structure, with a solid shell, from which the beetle does
not hatch for several days after it is deposited. The
beetle emerges by a longitudinal slit, starting at one apex,
and extending down one side of the egg two-thirds of its
10 Mr. G.C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman's
length. The egg-shell retains the form of the egg and
its surface presents a fine hexagonal network.
The difference is thus great between O. tristis and the
other species, but physiologically it is less than at first
sight appears. The egg that 0. tristis lays is not strictly
speaking an ego, 2. ¢. a mass of germinal and food material
that will develop into a larva, it is really a larva enclosed
in an egg-shell. When the egg is laid, the larva within is
very plain, and though otherwise colourless, jaws, spiracles,
and eye-spots are conspicuous.
It is obvious, therefore, that the egg is fertilised, some
considerable period before it is laid, and that development
goes on in the interval, precisely as in O. vittigera and O.
cacaliz, and there is no reason to doubt, in precisely the
same way, that is, whilst the eggs are still in the ovarian
tubes. My beetle only laid a few eggs and then died; I
should imagine, these were the last of a long series similar
to those of O. vittigera.
_ It may be well to mention what we observed of the
habits of the larvee before entering on the characters of
those of each species.
When first laid or hatched the larve inflate themselves
with a certain amount of air, and increase considerably in
size. This seems to be a common occurrence in insects,
and seems to be necessary to secure tension of the dermis
to give a fulcrum for muscular action, when such tension is.
not obtained by fat, or food in the alimentary canal or
other solid material.
The only larvee we saw much of at large were those of
O. vittigera, and in a less degree O. cacaliz.
Where the young larve of O. vittigera are laid, there
they nibble a circular hole in the leaf, and amongst a mass
of the food-plant, leaves with numerous small circular
holes show where larve have been laid. The parent
beetles eat a great deal, but they nearly always eat from
the edge of the leaf.
At the end of the first week of July, there were already
a good many young larve, judging by the holes in the
leaves, and there were none of any size, so that egg (2) lay-
ing does not begin till July. But we were at first puzzled
about the larva, because we could not see any at all,
except a few newly laid ones. We found, however, that
after their first meal, they went off to hide in the growing
heads of the Peucedanwm. When the flowering stem is,
Observations on some species of Orina. 11
as it is at this date, about as high as the leaves, it terminates
in a large knob, consisting of the large petioles inclosing
the young leaves and inflorescence, and it was in the
somewhat globular cavity so constituted and along with
the young flowers, that the little larvae were hidden away
sometimes in very large numbers. The habits of the full-
grown larve are not known to us, as we had left the
habitat at the proper date for observing them. We were
rather struck by this hiding-habit of the larvee of O. vitti-
gera, as we were familiar with the larve of O. cacahe,
which live fully exposed at all ages.
The larvze hatched about July 7th were full grown and
entered some earth provided for them on August 7th;
some were ready to go down a few days earlier, but were
not afforded the opportunity. They moulted three times
whilst feeding up.
In the earth they make a cavity rather large for their
size, smoothly rounded within, without any silk or other
obvious addition.
There is a certain close family likeness amongst all
these Orina larvee. All of them have the abdominal seg-
ments so swollen that one would perhaps describe their
form best, at least when they are at rest, by terming
them spherical, with some modifications. These would
be chiefly that the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments, which
are like the abdominal segments dorsally, form a some-
what narrowed neck to which the first thoracic and
head form a short, thick termination, also the venter
is flattened, and the anal segments are slightly produced.
When the larva is active, and especially in the earlier
periods of each stage, it is capable of more cylindrical
extension, and of producing the apical segments to a point
terminated by a sucker, or pseudopod, and the head and
thorax instead of being appendages to a sphere are half
the length of the insect.
The larva of O. gloriosa is very like that of O. vittigera
in nearly all respects except colour: instead of being black
it is orange-yellow, or terra-cotta coloured. The skin is,
however, thick and strong,and does not allow the trachez
to be seen dorsally as is the case with the transparent
skin just after a moult. The length is 16 or 17 mm., width
5to6mm. The prothoracic plate is large and covers the
second and third thoracic segments when the larva
12. Mr.G.C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
assumes its globular resting attitude. The prothorax is
3.5 mm. wide, narrowed in front, smooth and shining;
except on the head and at the margin of the plate, the
larva is glabrous, these parts carrying some short hairs.
The tips of the jaws, some of the mouth-parts, and
portions of the leg-plates are dark brown. The six eye-
spots are black, the spiracles are dark. The prothoracic
dorsum looks smooth and shining. The abdomen is much
less so, as each segment is not only divided into two
subsegments with subsidiary depressions, but each sub-
seoment is minutely wrinkled.
The subsegmentation dorsally presents a transverse de-
pression across the middle of the segment, which hardly
passes the spiracle and has a ridge from the anterior sub-
segment passing down into it about half-way from dorsum
to spiracle, or the groove dividing the subsegments may
be described as sending a branch into the anterior sub-
segment, whilst the main groove takes a rather more
posterior position for a space.
It is no doubt a further development of this that makes
the peculiar subdorsal angle in the larva of O. cacaliz.
Below the spiracles is a double ridge or flange, the
Incision between the two ridges (or portions of the ridge)
being rather deep. Ventrally the cuticle is thin and
transparent, allowing the tracheex, etc., to be seen.
In the young larva the eye-spots are in two rows of
three each, the three pairs being symmetrically placed. In
the adult the four upper eye-spots are placed as a square.
The antenna is as it were wedged in partially between
these and the two lower ones, so that the posterior one is
pushed downwards and backwards to a slight degree, the
first one considerably so, and is in fact below the antenna,
The antenna is placed in a large circular hollow, into
which it is capable of being completely telescoped, each
segment inside the preceding. It looks as if formed of
four joints, the last being very small, the whole length of
the antenna being little longer than its width at base.
It has, however, only three joints : first, a soft membrane
that allows of the greater part of the collapse of the
antenna, when expanded it is half the length of the
antenna, conical and ends in a dark chitinous ring (the true
first joint’); then a more cylindrical piece, as long as broad,
dark and with a narrower colourless membrane to allow
of its partial retraction into the first segment; then a
Observations on some species of Orina. 13
narrower (half the width of the second) thimble-shaped piece,
also retractible, and ending in a few very minute bristles.
The labrum consists of a basal part very wide from side
to side, very narrow antero-posteriorly, of somewhat uni-
form size from side to side, and a second joint narrower than
the first, nearly square in general outline, of darker chitin,
with a strong rounded projecting flap on each side with
notch between them. ‘These two pieces are retractile so
as to much vary their joint length.
The jaws are large and strong, with five sharp teeth, the
anterior shortest and with a minor point near its apex;
each tooth has a finely serrated edge.
The maxilla has a basal piece and a narrow terminal
piece ; this latter carries an inner process of one joint and
an outer palpus of three joints, each furnished with several
bristles. The labium, on a large transverse chitinous
segment, carries the two palpi, each of two joints.
The legs present no structural differences to those of
the other species. They consist of three segments of about
equal length, together with a base which is rather part of
the body of the thorax, than truly belonging to the leg,
and a terminal claw.
The first or basal joint is very thick and tapering to its
extremity, its form and size make it the coxa, but I am
not learned enough in the comparative anatomy of these
parts to say it 1s not the trochanter. The second joint is
clearly the femur and the third the tibia, this follows
from the aspects of their articulations. The coxo-femoral
articulation is simple in being distinctly only one joint, but
has somewhat complicated arrangements, so that possibly
the trochanter is represented here. The claw represents
the tarsus and has a large thickened base, showing it to
be more than a claw, the base carries several hairs. Some
specimens even suggest that there is an articulation
between the claw and this base, but I incline to think
this is not so, though it suffices to show that the base
is really the tarsus,
Orina cacaliz, young larve found feeding September
7th, and one had changed its skin; none were there on
3rd; no trace of egg-shells. Young larva absolutely
black, the claws brownish, with a row of short bristles
across each subsegment. Newly moulted larva, yellowish,
quite transparent. The general resemblance to 0. vitti-
14 Mr. G.C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
gera is very close, the differences are—hairs rather more
pronounced, angulation of the rounded abdominal outline
above spiracle already quite evident, the subsegmental
groove terminating a little way above spiracles just above
a ridge, whence the sides of the abdomen are a little
flattened. In second skin, the prothorax is yellow. Eat-
ing groundsel (Senecio vulgaris).
In second skin head black; prothorax yellow, without
raised margin; hairs marginal, not dorsal; black of abdo-
men underlaid by the transparent shining yellow of the
inner structures.
In third skin, deep black, except the prothorax, which is
bright yellow, with posterior margins slightly and lateral
margins more raised ; supra-spiracular angle very marked.
This is due to the inter-segmental incision being wanting
at this point. The dorsum consists of a series of folds or
ridges. At the actual dorsum these are seen to be the
subsegments, two to a segment, the segmental fold being
deep, the inter-segmental one shallow; but below this the
two ridges are exactly the same, high and rounded, and the
folds also the same, deep and sharp. Downwards both
stop sharply, but the true segmental incisions earlier than
the other, so that the subsegmental fold is longest and
seems the most important. The ridge against which they
terminate thus runs a zigzag course, and the position of
the segmental incision is unmarked by any line or groove.
Below this zigzag ridge the segmental incision arises again
suddenly and is well marked and deep. The segment
is here uniformly convex, with no subsegmental groove.
This portion of each segment is flat from above down-
wards, so that all taken together form a flat, lateral surface,
separated from the curved dorsum by the zigzag ridge.
The larve have a gregarious tendency, being found all
close together, though put into a pot anyhow. They have
a clear yellow thorax from early in first skin, contrasting
strongly with the metallic bronzy-black of the rest of the
surface; the underside also is paler and yellowish. The
larva has a shorter and broader abdomen than that of
O. vittigera. The divisions or ruge are deeper and more
pronounced, and the whole larva is and feels hard rather
than soft as that of O. vittigera does. The two dorsal
ruge to each segment uniting in a definite fold above
the spiracle proceed downwards as a single raised rib
giving a definite subdorsal flange at the point of juncture,
Observations on some species of Orina. 15
and form a longitudinal waved ridge; the spiracle is on
the middle of the lateral vertical rib, which terminates
below in the lateral flange. Two segments at the anal
end appear to be retractile for wielding the terminal
sucker. The mouth and leg structures are apparently the
Same as in 0. vittigera.
Orina vittigera. — The young larva as soon as it has
taken its dark colour is 3 mm. long, and fully 1 mm. wide,
head and thorax of equal width, colour black, head
and thorax shining, abdomen duller but also shining; there
are ribs on the abdominal segments that continue down to
the latero-ventral flange (no latero-dorsal or subdorsal
flange), and some scattered hairs on the head and sides of
the thorax, but dorsally the larva is nearly smooth, hairs
being few and very short, and for the most part and as
compared with 0. tristzs it is smooth and hairless.
The larva changes its skin three times. When full grown
it acquires for the first time a yellow prothorax (in the
penultimate skin the thorax is often paler); the general
colour is a dull indian-ink. Except some very fine
striations, the segments are smooth generally, and the whole
larva looks and is softish; the body is rounded, with no sub-
dorsal flange ; the spiracles are just below the continuous
smooth dorso-lateral surface, or plate; below is a lateral
region capable of puckering up into a projection in each
segment forming a lateral flange, below which the ventral
area terminates in what might be called a flange. The
dorsal plates, though smooth and without ribs, etc., do,
except in fat larve, form two ridges by the sinking of a
central transverse line. The under surface is pale yellowish-
green, or olive-colour. There are a few short hairs on the
head and prothorax that require looking for; length, 9-10
mm.; width, head 1°5, proth. 2°4, body, 4°5 mm.
Orina tristis, var. smaragdina, laid eggs between July 31st
and August Srd; six eggs found August 4th. One hatched
5th ; two hatched 7th ; others preserved. Egg 2°3 mm. long,
°8 mm. wide; oval, sausage-shaped curvature hardly to be
detected, 2. ¢. ege nearly straight. Yellow. Young larva
visible in youngest egg; jaws brown, six dark eye-spots
on either side, spiracles dark, and three dark marks on
either side (wanting in young larva of O. vittigera) are
visible through the egg-shell, one above and behind spiracle
16 Mr. G. C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
of first abdominal segment, and one on third and one on
second thoracic segments at the same level. A certain
amount of transverse shading on dorsal plate of first
thoracic segment, some coloration of antenna and labial (?)
palpi and of leg-joints. Numerous hairs are also evident,
irregularly scattered over the head and first thoracic, but
on the following segments forming two transverse rows.
The egg-shell is strongly marked by an irregular but
largely hexagonal netting, with the general surface finely
dotted. The larva escapes by a longitudinal slit passing
down more than half one side of the egg-shell. The egg-
shell adheres to the surface on which laid by one end.
The young larva coloured as within egg-shell at hatch-
ing, becomes after a few hours black; at this stage it is
about 16 mm. long, black and shining, but surrounded
by a halo of short brown hairs, whether viewed dorsally or
laterally.
The full-grown larva has an inky-black abdomen, shin-
ing and apparently glabrous, but showing numerous very
small hairs under a lens. The thorax is neither yellow
nor black, but looks as though yellow obscured by a dense
black wash. ‘The incision of the abdominal subsegments
passes down below the spiracles, and though a little waved
has no definite branch as in O. vittigera. The prothoracic
plate presents numerous hairs over its whole surface, and
has various small fovez or pits. The head is distinctly
hairy. The underside is rather paler, as of yellow over-
laid by blackish.
These four larve are really so much alike that it may
be well to specially note their differences.
O. tristis is laid as an egg, the others as larve. It is
smaller than they when first hatched. It is also in the
first stage more hairy than they are, though they have hairs
all over in their first stage, but only on the head and the
sides of the prothorax when full grown, at least the others
become microscopic.
O. cacaliz# is most distinct from the other three. The
prothorax is of a bright yellow, contrasting with the very
dark colour of the rest of the insect, which is shining and
polished. The prothorax is fully larger than in the others,
and hard as it is and solid-looking, is transparent, and
allows the tracheze beneath the cuticle to be seen. (0.
cacaliz is also remarkable for the subdorsal flange which
Observations on some species of Orina. 17
breaks through the incisions of the segments with a raised
ridge, and leaves the sides below it somewhat flat down to
the marginal flange ; whilst in the other species the back
is regularly arched across from the marginal flange, and
there is no continuity of the subdorsal flange across the
incisions.
This species feeds openly in contrast to the hiding
habits of O. vittigera, so that one suspects the brilliant
contrast of yellow and black in its coloration to be
probably of a warning character.
0. gloriosa is of a pale nankeen colour, very different to
the dark sepia colour of O. vittigera and O. tristis, and
has a definite fold in the subsegmental incisions, that is
less pronounced than in 0. vittigera, and of a somewhat
different character.
O. tristis when full-grown approaches very closely to O.
vittigera, but is more densely dark, and has a different
fold in the subsegmental incision to both O. vittigera and
O. gloriosa. It agrees with O. cacaliw in feeding on Com-
posit# and not on Umbelliferex as O. vittigera and. O. gloriosa
do, but structurally its alliance is much more with the
latter.
The points which seem to be most noteworthy in our
observations are in confirming the vivinarity of the genus
and in finding one species that is not strictly viviparous.
The observation that the eggs develop into larvee in the
ovarian tubules is a very unexpected one, and suggests
further researches, which should disclose various points of
difference from the usual method of fecundation of the ova
in insects. The larve of O. tristis and O. vittigera do not
appear to have been previously described, nor of course
brought together alive for comparison with the other
species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES JI. AND II.
[See neat page. |
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PARTI. (APRIL) 2
Fie.
Fic.
EXPLANATION OF PuaTE I.
Illustrating Mr. G. C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
“ Observations on some species of Orina.”
Larve, etc., of Orina, all enlarged.
1. Orina gloriosa, full-grown.
2. Orina cacaliz, ,, », (at junction of thorax and abdomen
the incisions are not quite correctly
shown. )
74; i a larva in stage 1.
3. Orina vittigera, full-grown.
3a, b, c. 28 anterior, intermediateand posterior legs, as trans-
parent objects from cast larva-skin; a piece
that looks like a trochanter is evident, but it
is not separately articulated.
OMe. ys 7 antenna partially retracted.
SC. tg, # »» fully extended.
Bi igs a labium.
Doge sh *, labrum.
She. ',; ee: mandible, with portion of margins more enlarged
to show the serrations on the teeth.
er “s maxilla.
4. Orina tristis, var. smaragdina, full-grown.
Aa: S., er aa fee ae sf terminal segments, as
exserted when using anal sucker
or foot.
Egg showing line of dehiscence
and scale of hexagonal sculpture.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
Illustrating Mr. G. C. Champion and Dr. T. A. Chapman’s
“Observations on some species of Orina.”
Ovaries, etc., of Orina vittigera, photographed from specimens.
1. Shows ovarian tubules, oviduct, etc., from a specimen that had —
completed the deposit of larve.
2. Same parts, with extremity of abdomen and portion of alimentary
canal, showing embryos in the ovarian tubules.
3. A similar specimen. Some of these embryos are fully developed
larve, as may be seen in separated specimen in next fig.
4. Separated embryos, a little more enlarged. (None of these show
distinctly in the photographs, how fully developed larve these
embryos are, but they do show that they are still in the ovarian
tubules. )
eer td 5)
II. An Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera made at
Zomba in British Central Africa. By Percy I.
LatTHy. Communicated by CHARLES J. GAHAN, M.A.
[Read November 21st, 1900.]
PLATE ITT.
DurInG the past two years Mr. H. J. Adams, F.ES.,
has been receiving consignments of Lepidoptera from
Zomba; as the collection contains a few novelties, and
some species which have not been hitherto recorded from
the locality, an account of it may perhaps be of interest.
In all, one hundred and seventy-six species of Rhopalo-
cera were obtained, and considering this was the work of
an untrained collector, it was I think a satisfactory result.
The principal feature of the collection, as in others
made in the same locality, is the number of Charaxes, it
containing no less than twenty species, many of them
rare, and one, C. etesipe, Godt., that has been hitherto
regarded as a West African species.
The females of Mylothris rubricosta, Mab., and Papilio
pelodurus, Butl., are also in the collection.
My thanks are due to Dr. Butler and Mr. Heron of the
Natural History Museum for their kind assistance in
enabling me to determine many of the species, and to
Dr. Jordan for his help with the Charaxes.
The arrangement followed in this lst is that of Dr.
Holland for the Hesperiidz, and Prof. Aurivillius for the
other families.
1. Danais chrysippus.
Papilio chrysippus, Linn., Mus, Lud. Ulr., p. 263
(1764).
2. Danais dorippus.
ELuplea dorippus, Klug., Symb. Phys., t. 48, f 1-5
(1845).
3. Amauris dominicanus.
Amauris dominicanus, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1879, p. 323.
4, Amauris ochlea.
Danais ochlea, Boisd., Voy. Deleg., ii, p. 589 (1847).
TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL)
20
10.
11.
TZ
13.
14,
15.
16.
17.
Mr. P. I. Lathy’s
. Amauris whyter.
Amauris whyter, Butl., P. ZS. 1893, p. 644.
. Melanitis leda.
Papilio leda, Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 2, p. 773, n. 151
(1767).
. Melanrtis libya.
Melanitis libya, Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5,
vol. x, p. 405 (1882).
. Gnophodes diversa.
Gnophodes diversa, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
5, vol. v, p. 333 (1880).
. Monotrichtis ena.
Mycalesis ena, Hew., Ent. Mo. Mag., 14, p. 107 (1877).
Monotrichtis rhacotis.
Mycalesis rhacotis, Hew., Ex. Butt., ui, Mye., t. 6,
p. 34 1866).
Monotrichtis selowst.
Mycalesis selowsi, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895,
p. 183, t. 5, f. 2, 2a.
Monotrichtis safitza.
Mycalesis safitza, Hew., Gen. D. L. p. 394, n. 10, note.
Monotrichtis evenus.
Mycalesis evenus, Hopft., Ber. Verh. Ak. Berl., 1855,
p-. 641, n. 14.
Monotrichtis funebris.
Satyrus funebris, Guér., Icon. Regne. Anim. Ins.
texte, p. 488 (1844).
Henotesia perspicua.
Mycalesis perspicua, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1873, p. 104, t. 1,f 3.
Henotesia stmonsu.
Mycalesis simonsit, Butl., Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4,
xix, p. 458 (1877).
Pier prone.
Physcenura pione, Godm., P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 183, t.
£9, 2258.
18.
19.
20.
ai.
22.
24.
26.
27.
28.
2 20.
30.
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. 21
Neocenyra gregorv.
Neocenyra gregorw, Butl, P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 560, t.
en.
Pardopsis punctatissima.
Acrea punctatissima, Boisd., Faune. Mad., p. 31,
Mm 5), t. 6, f. 2 (1838).
Acrzxa wmsignis.
Acrea insignis, Dist., P. ZS. 1880, t. 19, f. 6.
Acrxa acara.
Acrzvaacara, Hew.,-Ex. Butt., 11, Aer., t. 3; f. 19,
20 (1865).
Acrea anemosa.
Acrea anemosa, Hew., Ex. Butt., in, Acr., t. 8, f. 14,
15.
. Acrea areca.
Acrza areca, Mab., Bull., Soc. Ent., France, 1888,
p.169. :
Acrea asema.
Acrea asema, Hew., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv, p. 52
(1877).
. Acrea acrita.
Acrea acrita, Hew., Ex. Butt., 11, Acr,, t. 55 1, 18,
(1865).
Acrea guillemer.
Acrea guillemer, Oberth., Etudes d’Ent., xvu, p. 19,
eft, 1 (1893).
Acrea caldarena.
Acrza caldarena, Hew., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv, p. 52
(1877).
Acrea nero.
Telchinia nero, Butl, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., t. 5,
xii, p. 102 (1883).
Acrzea doubledayt.
Acrea doubledayi, Guér., Lef. Voy. Abyss., vi, p. 378
(1849).
Acrea natalica. -
_ Acreva natalica, Boisd., Voy. Deleg., p. 590 (1847).
22
Ol.
33.
34,
Mr. P. I. Lathy’s
Acrea terpsichore.
Papilio terpsichore, Linn., Mus. Ulr., p. 222 (1764).
. Acrea excelsior.
Acrea excelsior, Sharpe, P. Z. 8.1891, p. 192, t. 17,
f. 3. ;
Acrea vinidia.
Acrea vinidia, Hew., Ent. Mo. Mag., xi, p. 130
(1874).
Acrea cabira.
Acrea cabira, Hopff., Ber. Verh. Akad. Berl., 1855,
p- 640, n. 7.
A good series including yellow and fulvous forms as
well as examples which connect the two varieties; con-
sequently the name apecida, Oberth., which applies to
the extreme fulvous form must sink as a synonym.
30.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40,
4].
42.
Acreva encedon.
Papilio encedon, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 244 (1764).
Acraa esebria.
Acrexa esebria, Hew., Ex. Butt. 1, Acr., t. 2, f. 11,
12 (1861).
Atella phalantha.
Papilio phalantha, Dru., Ill. x. Ent., i, t. 21, f. 1, 2
(1773).
Hypanartia scheneia.
Eurema scheneia, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1879, p. 329.
Pyrameis cardwt.
Papilio cardwi, Linn., Faun. Suec., p. 276, n. 1054
(1761).
Precis madagascariensis.
Precis madagascariensis, Guén., Vinson, Voy. Mad.,
Lep., p. 37 (1864).
Precis clelia.
Papilio clelia, Cram., Pap. Ex., i, p. 33, t. 2164
HY F775). |
Precis cebrene.
Junonia cebrenc, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1870
p.2353.
43.
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. 23
Precis natalensis.
Precis natalensis, Stgr., Exot. Schm., p. 101 (1885).
A long series including var. hib. sesamus, Trim. and
the intermediate form figured by Trimen in 8. Afr., Butt.,
t. 4, f. 4
44.
45.
46.
AT.
48.
49,
50.
51.
53.
Precis sumia.
Precis simia, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 26
(1857).
Precis trimena.
Junonia triment, Butl, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 651, t. 60,
f. 4.
Precis cuama.
Junonia cuama, Hew., Ex. Butt., 111, Jun, t. 1, f. 1
(1864).
Precis tukuoa. .
Salamis tukuoa, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 25
(1857).
Precis ceryne.
Salamis ceryne, Boisd., Voy. Deleg., u, p. 592 (18477).
Precis laodora.
Vanessa laodora, Godt., Enc. Méth., ix, p. 314, n. 38
(1819).
Precis actia.
Precis actia, Dist., P. Z. 5S. 1880, p. 185, t. 19, f. 7.
Precis aurorina.
Junonia awrorina, Butl., P. ZS. 1893, p. 651, t. 60,
mt 3.
. Precis tugela.
Precis tugela, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879,
p. 334.
Precis archesia.
Papilo archesia, Cram., Pap. Ex., 11, p. 44, t. 219,
Pe L779),
Several examples in all of which the common rufous
band is much narrower than in specimens from Natal ;
var.. aestiv. pelasgis, Godt., ab. chapunga, Hew., was also
obtained. :
24, Me P? 7. Lathy’s
54. Precis elgiva.
Junonia elgiva, Hew., Ex. Butt., ii, Jun., t. 1, f. 1
(1864).
55. Precis natalica.
Precis natalica, Feld., Wien. Ent. Mon., iv, p. 106,
n. 65 (1860).
56. Precis nachtigalii.
Precis nachtigalii, Dewitz, Nova Acta Akad. Natur.
Halle, 1879, p. 194, t. 1, f. 16.
57. Precis artaxia.
Junonia artaxia, Hew., Ex. Butt., ii, Jun., t. 1,
f, 6 (1864).
58. Catacroptera cloanthe.
Papilo cloanthe, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, p. 93, t. 338,
i, Be(1781),
59. Salamis anacardit.
Papilio anacardu, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 236
(1764). .
60. Hypolimnas misippus.
Papilio misippus, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 264
(1764).
61. Hypolimnas mima.
Diadema mima, Trim., Trans. Linn. Soc., xxvi, p. 506,
note, t. 43, f. 7 (1869).
62. Hypolimnas wahlbergi.
Diadema wahlbergi, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr.,
p. 27 (1857).
63. Hurytela angustata.
Lurytela angustata, Auriv., Ent. Tidskr., 15, p. 278
(1894).
64. Lurytela angulata.
Lurytela angulata, Auriv., Rhop. AAthiopica, p. 154
(1898).
65. Byblia acheloia. 7
Hypanis acheloia, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 29
(1857).
66.
67.
68.
69.
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. 25
Crenis moranti,
Orenis morantti, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 439.
Crens borisduvalr.
Crenis boisdwvali, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 30
(1857).
Crenis mafix.
Crenis mafixv, Ster., Iris, 10, p. 358 (1898).
Cyrestis sublineata, sp. nov. (Plate ITI, fig. 1.)
Nearly allied to C. elegans, Boisd., from which it differs
in the more produced apex of the forewing, the more
pronounced black and orange markings of both wings
above, and in the linear black markings of hindwing being
similar on both surfaces.
Exp. ¢ 52-58 mm., 2 64 mm.
This species appears to be rather rare, only six specimens
having been obtained.
70.
ae
rz.
Neptis saclava.
Limenitis saclava, Boisd., Faune Mad., p. 49, n. 1
(1833).
Neptis agatha.
Papilio agatha, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, p. 76, t. 327,
f. A; B. (1782).
Neptis incongrua.
Neptis wncongrua, Butl., P. Z. 8. 1896, p. 112, t. 6,
1 ae
A single male of this fine species was received.
73.
74,
76.
Pseudacrxa expansa. ;
Pseudacrea expansa, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)
2p. Lis (1878),
Pseudacrea tarquinia.
Panopea tarqunia, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
food, p: (9) t. 5, f. 3. )
. Hamanumida dedalus.
Papilio dedalus, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 482, n. 174
(L775).
Huphedra neophron.
Lomaleosoma neophron, »Hoptt., Ber. Verh. Ak. Berl.,
1855; p. 640, n. 9...
26 Mr. P. I. Lathy’s
77. Huptera kinugnana.
Thaleropis kinugnana, Gr. Sm., Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 6, vol. ii, p. 133 (1889).
78. Charaxes natalensis.
Charaxes natalensis, Stgr., Ex. Schm., i, p. 169,
(1886).
79. Charaxes flavifasciatus.
Charaxes flavifasciatus, Butl., P. Z.S. 1895, p. 251.
80. Charaxes saturnus.
Charaxes saturnus, Butl., P. Z.S. 1865, p. 624, t. 36,
ae
The series included typical satwrnus, and the form
named /aticinctus by Dr. Butler.
81. Charaxes geminus.
Charaxes geminus, Rothsch., Nov. Zool., vii, p. 427
(1900).
This is the eastern form of C. polluw, Cram.
82. Charaxes druceanus.
Charaxes druceanus, Butl., Cist. Ent., 1, p. 4, n. 1
(1869).
Two ¢ g and three $ 2 of this beautiful species.
83. Charaxes etesipe.
Nymphalis etesipe, Godt., Ene. Méth., ix, p. 355
(1823).
A single specimen of this common West African species,
C’. tavetensis, Rothsch., the form one would have expected
from this locality, was not received.
84. Charaxes penricet. (Plate ITT, fig. 2.)
Charaxes penricet, Rothsch., Nov. Zool., vu, p. 460
(1900).
One $f only, this being I believe the second specimen
known to science, the other being in Coll. Rothschild.
85. Charaxes achemenes.
Charaxes achemenes, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., i,
p. 446, t. 59, f. 6, 7 (1867).
A good series of both sexes.
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. yt
86. Charases lastt.
Charaxes lasti, Gr. Sm., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vi,
3, p. 131 (1889).
Eleven ¢ f and seven 2 2 of this rather scarce species,
including the form macclownii, Butl., and intermediate
examples.
87. Charawes azota.
Philognoma azota, Hew., Ent. Mo. Mag.,
(1877).
This series includes typical azota, and the forms
described by Butler as calliclea.
Xv, p82
88. Charaxes bawmannt.
Charaxes baumannt, Rogenh., Verh. 7, bot. Ger. Wien,,
xi, p. 564 (1891).
A good series of both sexes.
89. Charaxes etheocles.
Papilio etheocles, Cram., Pap. Exot., 1, p. 34, t. 119,
feos (777).
90. Charaxes ethalion.
Charaxes ethalion, Boisd., Voy. Deleg., 1, p. 593
(1847).
91. Charaxes guderiana.
Nymphalis gudertana, Dewitz, Nova Acta Akad.
Naturf. Halle, 1879, p. 200, t. 2, f. 18.
This species appears to be common at Zomba, as a
large number of males were sent, and five of the opposite
ae |
92. Charazes bohemanni.
Charaxes bohemanni, Feld., Wien. Ent. Mon.,* ii,
d21, t. 6, f. 3 (1859).
93. Charaxes cithxron.
Charaxes citheron, Feld., Wien. Ent, Mon., iii,
p. 398, t. 8, f. 2, 3 (1859).
94. Charaxes candiope.
Nymphalis candiope, Godt., Enc. Méth., ix, p. 353 -
(1819).
28 Mr. P. I. Lathy’s
95. Charaxes varanes.
Papilio varanes, Cram., Pap. Exot. 1, p. 100, t.
160, £. DOE.A(1777).
96. Charaxes leoninus. (Plate ITI, fig. 3.)
Charaxes leoninus, Butl, P. Z. 8. 1895, p. 253, t. 15,
ED
Five § ¢ and one 2 of this rare species.
97. Charaxes eupale.
Papilio eupale, Dru., Ill. Ex. Ent., in, t. 6, f. 3
(1782).
A pair which belong to form dilutws, Rothsch.
98. Abisara delicata, sp. nov. (Plate III, fig. 4.)
' 6 Upperside. Forewing white with slight greyish suffusion
near base; apical half blackish-brown, containing a narrow white
subapical band ; inner edge of apical patch strongly curved ; costa
brown. Hindwing white with wide bluish-grey suffusion at base
and along inner margin; three ochreous patches extending from
anal angle to base of tail; two blue centred, yellow-ringed black
spots above upper median nervule, these surrounded with bluish-
grey suffusion ; outer margin narrowly edged with black.
Underside. As above but bluish-grey suffusion replaced by pale
brown, that at the base outwardly edged with darker ; apical half
of forewing paler.
@ Similar to male, but slightly paler and apex of forewing more
rounded.
Exp. ¢ 40mm., ? 40-44 mm.
Nearly allied to A. rogerii, Druce, but the white area of both
wings much more extended.
99. Alena nyasse.
Alzna nyasse, Hew., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv, p. 6 (1877).
The typical form and ab. ochracea, Butl., were both
obtained.
100. Pentila amenaida.
Pentila amenarda, Hew., Ex. Butt. v, Pent.and Lipt.,
t. 2, £. 4-7 (1873).
101. Pentila peucetia.
Pentila peucetia, Hew., Ex, Butt., ui, Pent. and Lipt.,
t..1, To 0S6b).
102
103.
104.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
YT.
112.
113.
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. 29
Mimacrxa marshall
Mimacrxa marshalli, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
eooeet 13, t. 1,-f. 9.
Terromima freya.
Durbania freya, Gr. Sm. and Kirby, Rhop. Ex., u,
Air liye, t. 25,4. 1, 2\( 1894).
Terronmma aslanga.
? Liptena aslanga, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873,
p. VE,
. Lachnocnema bibulus.
Hesperia bibulus, Fabr., Ent. Syst., i, 1, p. 307, n. 163
(1793).
Deudorix diocles,
Deudoria« diocles, Hew., Il. D. L. Suppl. p. 12, n. 31,
t. 5, f. 55, 56 (1869).
Deudorix antalus.
Dipsas antalus, Hopff., Ber. Vert. Ak. Berl. 1855,
p. 641, n. 15.
Hypolycena philippus.
Hesperia philippus, Fabr., Ent. Syst., i, 1, p. 283, n.
87 (1793).
Hypolycena ceculus.
Jolaus ceculus, Hopff., Ber. Verh. Ak. Berl., 1855,
p- 642, n. 17.
Jolaus lalos. (Plate IIT, fig. 5.)
Argiolaus lalos, Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, 17,
' p. 286 (1896).
Spindasis nyassx.
Aphnzus nyasse, Butl., Ent. Mo. Mag., xx, p. 250
(1884).
Axtocerses punicea.
Axwocerses punicea, Gr. Sm., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. v1, 3, p. 134 (1889).
Leptomyrina hirundo.
Thecla hirwndo, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 35,
n. 4 (1857).
30
114.
116.
117.
118.
119:
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
Mr. P. I. Lathy’s
Lycenesthes adherbal.
Lycena adherbal, Mab., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877,
p: 217,
. Cupido pogger.
Plebeius poggei, Dewitz, N. Acta Ac. N. Cur. 41: 2,
p. 205, -t..26, £. 7 (1879).
Cupido falkenstewnt. |
Plebetus falkensteinti, Dewitz, Nova Acta Leop.: Carol.
Akad. Naturf., xli, 1, n. 2, p. 204, t. 25, f. 5
(1879).
Cupido lingeus.
Papilio lingeus, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, p. 176, t. 379,
f EG. (2780).
Cupido plinius.
Hesperia plinius, Fabr., Ent. Syst., ii, 1, p. 284, n. 92
(1793).
Cupido moriqua.
Lycena moriqua, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 39,
n. 9 (2307),
Cupido sichela.
Lycxena sichela, Wallengr., Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 37
(1857).
Cupido beticus.
Papilio bxticus, Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 2, p. 789, n. 226
(1767). |
Cupido malathana.
Lycena malathana, Boisd., Faune Mad., p. 25 (1833).
Cupido cissus.
Polyommatus cissus, Godt., Enc. Meéth., ix, p. 683, n.
210 (1828).
Cupido peculraris.
Lycena peculiaris, Rogenh., in Baumann Usambara,
p. 331 (1891). .
Leptosia alcesta. .
Papilio alcesta, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, p. 175, t. 379,
f A (iis DP):
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. 31
126. Herpenia eriphia.
Pieris eriphia, Godt.; Ene. Méth., ix, p. 157, n. 134
(1819).
127. Mylothris agathina.
Papilio agathina, Cram., Pap. Ex., iii, p. 76, t. 237,
Poe),.. 782).
128. Mylothris riippellic.
Preris rtippellu, Koch, Indo. Aust. Lep. Fauna, p. 88
(1865).
129. Mylothris rubricosta.
Pieris rubricosta, Mab., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1890,
p. 28.
Two f g and six 2 2 of this rare species. The female
differs from the male in its larger size, greater extent of
black suffusion at apex of forewing, and much larger
marginal spots in both wings.
130. Appius epaphia.
Papilio epaphia, Cram., Pap. Ex., ii, p. 26, t. 207,
el. (1779).
131. Pieris severina.
Papilio severina, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, p. 95, t. 338,
f-G. . (1781).
132. Preris mesentina.
Papilio mesentina, Cram., Pap. Ex., i, p. 140, t. 270,
f, A. B. (1780).
133. Preris prgea.
Pieris pigea, Boisd., Spec. Gen. Lep., 1, p. 523 (1836).
Three g f all belonging to var. hibern. alba, Wallengr.
134. Teracolus mutans.
Teracolus mutans, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4,
xix, p. 459 (1877).
135. Teracolus eris.
Pontia eris, Klug., Symb. Phys., t. 6, £15, 16 (1829).
136. Teracolus regina.
Anthocharis regina, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser.
3, 1, p. 520 (1863).
32 Mr. P. I. Lathy’s
137. Teracolus antevippe.
Anthocharis antevippe, Boisd., Sp. Gen., i, p. 572, n.
18, t. 18, f. 3 (1836).
188. Teracolus emint.
Teracolus emini, Butl., , Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6,
vii, p. 47 (1891).
139. Eroma argia.
Papilio argia, Fabr., Syst. Ent. , p. £70, n. 118 (1175).
140. Hronia thalassina.
Pieris thalassina, Boisd., Spec. Gen., 1, p. 443, n. 8
(1836).
141. Catopsilia florella.
Papilio florella, Fabr., Syst. Enut., p. 479, n. 159 (1775).
142. Terias senegalensis.
Terias senegalensis, Boisd., Spec. Gen., 1, p. 672 (1836).
143. Terias hapale.
Terias hapale, Mab., Le Natural., 2, p. 99 (1882).
144, Terias desjardinsit.
Xanthidia desjardinsit, Boisd., Faun. Mad., p. 22, n. 3,
t. 2, f. 6 (1833).
145. Terias brigitta.
Papilio brigitta, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, p. 82, t. 331,
f. B.C. (1780).
146. Colvas electra.
Papilio electra, Linn., Syst. Nat., xii, p. 764 (1767).
147. Papilio cenea.
Papilio cenea, Stoll., Suppl. Cram., p. 134, t. 29, f. 1,
la (1791).
Only a single female was received. This agrees best
with ab. 2 niobe, Auriv., as the cellular bar, subapical band,
and submarginal spots are orange-brown, and the subapical
spot is wanting. Aurivillius places miobe as an ab. 2 of
dardanus, Brown, the western form of this Papilio.
148, Papilio echervordes.
Papilio echervoides, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1868, p. 72, t. 6, f 1, 2. .
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. 33
149. Papilio pelodurus.
Papilio pelodurus, Butl., P. ZS. 1895, p. 270, fig.
(1896).
A good series, including two females. The differences
between the sexes are chiefly on the underside of the
hindwing, and are of the same character as in the sexes of
P. hesperus, Westw.
150. Papilio lyxus.
Papilio lyexus, Doubld., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xvi,
p. 178 (1845).
151. Papilio brontes.
Papilio brontes, Godm., P. Z, 8. 1885, p, 450.
152. Papilio demodocus,
Papilio demodocus, Esp., Aus, Schmett., p. 205, t. 51,
f. 1 (1798).
158. Papilio angolanus.
Papilio angolanus, Goeze., Ent. Beytr., 11, 1, p. 87, n.
70 (1779).
154. Papilio leonidas,
Papilio leonidas, Fabr., Ent. Syst., ii, 1, p. 35, n. 108
(1793).
155. Papilio porthaon.
Papilio porthuon, Hew., Ex. Butt., 11, Pap. t. 7, f. 21,
22 (1865).
156. Sarangesa astrigera.
Sarangesa astrigera, Butl., P. Z. S. 1893, p. 669.
157. Sarangesa motozt.
Pierygospidea motozt, Wallengr., K. Sv. Vet.-Akad.
Handl. (1857).
158. Sarangesa maculata.
Sape maculata, Mab., C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1891,
p. 68.
159. Tagiades flesus.
Papilio flesus, Fabr., Spec. Ins., ii, p. 185, n. 621
(1871).
160. Hagris jameson.
Antigonus gamesont, Sharpe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 6, vi, p. 348 (1890).
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL) 3
34 Mr. P. I. Lathy’s
161. Hagris ochreana, sp. nov. (Plate III, fig. 6.)
Allied to E. denuba, Plétz, but differs in the following particulars ;
the two lower subapical hyaline spots are wanting ; forewing with
bronze reflections ; hindwing without white area, and submarginal
spots as in FE. phyllophila, Trim. ; hindwings below more ochreous in
tint than HZ. denuba; black markings smaller, and apical patch but
little darker than ground-colour,
Exp. 38 mm.
162. Abantis paradisea.
Leucochitonea paradisea, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1870, p. 499.
163. Abantis zambesiaca.
Hesperia zambesiaca, Westw., Thes. Ent. Oxon., p. 183,
t. 34, f. 9 (1874).
164. Abantis arctomarginata, sp. nov. (Plate III, fig. 7.)
¢. Upperside. Forewing black with large basal red patch,
between costal, and submedian nervures, and following hyaline
patches ; four elongated subapical, one occupying outer third of cell,
and three between upper median nervule and submedian nervure, of
which the middle one is the largest and much elongated. Hindwing
white, base slightly reddish, edged with black ; costa dull reddish ;
outer and inner margin narrowly bordered with black ; a row of
white spots within black border commencing at anal angle and
becoming obsolete towards apex.
Underside. Forewing as above, but with whitish suffusion below
lower median nervule ; hindwing as above, but costa black.
Abdomen white with black dorsal band, and two ventral rows of
black patches, terminal segment black, with reddish tuft; legs and
underside of palpi reddish.
Exp. 40 mm.
Nearly allied to A. bismarckt, Karsch., from which it
differs in the greatly elongated hyaline spot between
middle and lower median nervule, and the much narrower
black borders of hindwing.
165. Hesperia dromus.
Pyrgus dromus, Plotz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu. Vor-
pomm u Riig, 1884, p. 6.
166. Oxypalpus ruso.
Pamphila ruso, Mab., C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxv, p.
183 (1891).
Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera. 35
167. Parosmodes icteria.
Pamphila icteria, Mab., C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxv, p.
180 (1891).
168. Cyclopides formosus.
Heteropterus formosus, Butl., P. Z. 5.1893, p. 670, t.
60, f. 8.
169. Cyclopides quadrisiqnatus.
Cyclopides quadrisignatus, Butl., P. Z. S. 1893, p. 670,
t. 60, f. 9
170. Kedestes callicles.
Cyclopides callicles, Hew., Descr. Hundred New Hesp.,
p. 42 (1868).
171. Chapra mathias.
Hesperia mathias, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 433
(1798).
172. Baoris cana, sp. nov. (Plate III, fig. 8.)
d. Upperside. Both wings olivaceous-brown ; forewing with
two minute subapical hyaline spots, and two hyaline spots between
upper and lower median nervules, of which the lower is the larger ;
fringes paler than ground-colour.
Underside. Forewing as above, but costa, apex, and outer margin
widely bordered with grey ; shghtly tinted with violet ; hindwings
greyish with a violaceous tint ; inner margin brown ; three minute
discal white points.
Exp. 38 mm. .
Closely allied to B. fatwellus, Hopff., but may be separated by the
more olivaceous tint of ground-colour of both wings above, and the
hoary appearance of the underside.
173, Andronymus neander.
Apaustus neander, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. xlv, p. 154 (1884).
174. Perichares albwcornis.
Perichares albicornis, Butl., P..Z.S. 1896, p. 132, t. 6,
f.3.
175. Artitropa erinnys.
Pamphila erinnys, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3),
ip. 290- (1861).
176. Rhopalocampta forestan.
Papilio forestan, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, p. 210, t. 391,
fis, F.(1 782),
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
Fia. 1. Cyrestis sublineata, sp. nov.
2. Charaxes penricci, Rothsch.
3. Charaxes leoninus, Butl, Q.
+. Abisara delicata, sp. nov.
5. Jolaus lalos, Druce, 9.
6. Hagris ochreana, sp. 0.
. Abantis arctomarginatu, sp. 1.
8. Baoris cana, sp. nov.
co ae
Ill. A Revision of Astathes, Newm., and allied Genera of
Longicorn Coleoptera. By CHARLES JOSEPH GAHAN,
M.A.
[Read February 8th, 1901.]
Puare IV.
THE revision here offered of a small but interesting group
_ of Longicorn beetles is based upon an examination of the
| types of nearly all the species hitherto described. M.
René Oberthiir was good enough to send me, for examina-.
tion and comparison, the types of all the species of this
_ group described by the late James Thomson, as well as
/ some additional types and numerous specimens from his
collection. Most of the remaining species were described
by Newman and Pascoe, and the types of these are now
'in the British Museum collection. J am indebted to
Dr. Meinert of Copenhagen for his kindness in enabling
me to identify the Fabrician species with much greater
certainty than could otherwise have been possible. I
have taken advantage of the opportunities thus afforded
me to redescribe many of the species, finding that the
descriptions already existing were in the majority of such
cases quite inadequate for their identification. Those
given by Thomson in his ‘Systema Cerambycidarum ’
were short preliminary diagnoses, published, as the author
himself stated, “afin de prendre date”; the full descrip-
tions which were said to be ready in MS., and were pro-
| mised for publication in the following year, have not yet
appeared, nor are they likely ever to appear, in print.
Pascoe’s species were described at somewhat greater length,
_ but in many cases, with insufficient attention to structural
_ details, a great drawback in dealing with a group where
so many of the species have a great resemblance in colour
and markings. Five species, referable to the genus
Astathes, and all quite distinct from one another, were
described by Fabricius. Four of these are placed together
in the Munich Catalogue as synonyms or varieties of one
species; and the fifth has been omitted from that work.
These facts alone are sufficient to show that a revision
of the group was greatly needed. The genera here dealt
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL)
38 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
with include all the Oriental Astatheinex, with the excep-
tion of Tropimetopa, Thoms., Hustathes, Newm., Ochrocesis,
Pasc., and Cyanastus Pasc., each of which contains not
more than one or two species,
Genus ASTATHES.
Astathes, Newm., The Entomologist, 1, p. 299 (1842);
Lacord., Genera des Coléopt., 1x, p. 873.
Tetraophthalme, Blanch., Hist. des Insectes, 11, p. 161
(1845).
Tetraophthalmus, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., i, p. 48 (1857).
Type of the genus: Astathes perpleca, Newm.
The characters of this genus have been given at full
length by Lacordaire, and need not be repeated here. It
will be sufficient to point out that the genus 1s chiefly
distinguishable from its allies by having the metasternal
process continued almost the whole way between the
middle cox, with its anterior end resting upon the end
of the vertical mesosternum. The antennz always extend
up to or a little beyond the apex of the elytra in the
male; the first joit is always shorter than the third, and
never asperate near the apex; the second is scarcely
longer than broad, and the last joint is sharply pointed,
and usually glabrous, at the apex. The form and structure
of the prothorax, especially of its centronotal tubercle,
vary considerably and, taken in conjunction with certain
other characters, afford a good means of dividing the genus
into sections.
The genus ranges over almost the whole of the Oriental
region, and is practically limited to that region, especially
if the island of Celebes be regarded as part of it. No
species, however, has been recorded from Ceylon, and
only one species is known to occur in Peninsular India.
The species of our first section are found only in the
Philippine Islands and Celebes; those of the second
section belong for the most part to the Indo-Chinese sub-
region; while all the remaining species of the genus are
almost entirely confined to the Malayan sub-region.
SECTION I.
Prothorax with a rather strong conical tubercle on each side ; the
centro-dorsal gibbosity abruptly, but not highly, raised, flattened
above, narrower in front than behind, and impressed on each side
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 39
anteriorly with a deep horizontally directed pit. Coste of elytra
usually more or less obsolete and never very acute.
1. Astathes perplexa.
Astathes perplexa, Newm., The Entomologist, i, p. 299
(1842).
Astathes iligert, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., App., p. 558.
Entirely testaceous with the exception of the last six or seven
joints of the antennz which are infuscate. Head somewhat strongly,
but not very thickly, punctured in front, feebly and sparsely
punctured on the crown. Pronotum rather feebly and sparingly
punctured on the sides of the central elevation. Elytra sparingly
punctured, the punctures being rather large, and arranged, some in
rows the others more irregularly, on the basal half; with numerous
very minute setigerous pits in addition, the sete arising from these
being of a tawny colour. In the female type the elytra are pale
yellowish-testaceous, contrasting with the more rufous tint of the
head and prothorax, and the cost are almost obsolete. In three
other specimens, the elytra are nearly concolorous with the head
and pronotum, and in two of these the costz are distinctly, though
not strongly, raised. In the type of illigeri, Thoms., the elytra are
rufous in tint, exhibiting slight purplish reflexions in certain lights,
and the cost are distinctly raised.
Hab. Puiuippine IsLanps (Cuming). Type (@) in
Brit. Mus. Type (3) of dligert, Thoms., in coll. Oberthiir.
2. Astathes mniszechi.
Astathes perplexa, var. y, Newm., The Entomol., i, p. 299
(1842).
Tetraophthalmus mniszecht, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., 1, p. 50
(1857).
Very closely allied to A. perplexa, Newm., the only character
serving to distinguish it being the somewhat feebler puncturation
of the front of the head, and the presence of a very distinct, but
rather small, violet spot behind the middle of each elytron. The
elytra are usually of a rufo-testaceous colour, exhibiting slight
purplish reflexions in certain lights; but in one specimen in M.
Oberthiir’s collection, the general colour is pale yellow or stra-
mineous, with the antennz infuscate towards the apex, and the
violet spot on each elytron rather larger and more conspicuous than
in the type.
Ha". PHILIPPINE IsLANDS. Type (2) in coll. Oberthiir.
40 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
3. Astathes bigemmata.
Astathes bigenvmata, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 558.
Distinguishable from A. mniszechi, Thoms., by its paler yellowish-
testaceous colour, and the presence of a very much larger violaceous-
blue spot on each elytron, this spot extending longitudinally almost
from the middle to the posterior fifth, and transversely across almost
the entire width of the elytron.
Hab. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ‘Type (2) in coll.
Oberthiir.
4. Astathes posticata, sp.n. (Plate IV, fig. 1.)
Astathes perpleva, var. B, Newm., The Entomologist, 1,
p. 299 (1842).
“Hlytrorum apex leete violaceus.”
Testaceous: with the last six or seven joints of the antennez
infuscate, and the apical third part of the elytra deep metallic-blue
or green, slightly tinged with violet anteriorly. Structural characters
as in A. perplexa, Newm., but with the costz of the elytra somewhat
more prominent than in that species.
Long. 13-19, lat. 6-8 mm.
Hab. Pauippine Istanps (Cuming, Semper). Type
(2) in Brit. Mus. ¢ in coll. Oberthiir.
5. Astathes bella, sp. n. (Plate IV, fig. 2.)
Reddish-testaceous, with the elytra dark metallic-blue, the last
six joints of the antenne blackish-brown, and the outer faces of the
tibiee more or less infuscate. Head closely and strongly punctured
in front, less closely on the vertex; the front with only a faint
indication of a median carina near the base. Prothorax with the
lateral tubercles rather short and obtuse ; the centro-dorsal gibbosity
slightly convex in the longitudinal direction, distinctly and rather
closely punctured, its sides converging from behind forwards and
perforated each with a deep horizontal pit near the anterior end.
Elytra strongly, but not thickly, punctured near the base; with
some rows of smaller punctures extending thence to the middle; the
apical half almost entirely impunctate ; each with two feebly raised
dorsal costze in addition to the costa running alongside the sutural
_Inargin, and with a dusky patch in front of the middle formed of
closely aggregated short decumbent sete, longer erect sete being
sparsely scattered over the whole surface. Underside and legs with _
sparsely spread tawny sete. Antenne of the male extending a little
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 41
beyond the apex of the elytra ; the first two or three joints testaceous
the intermediate joints yellowish-white.
Long. 10, lat. 4 mm.
Hab. Nort Ceveses (Fruhstorfer) Two g¢ ¢ in
Tring Museum; one ¢ in coll. Oberthiir.
Although this species shows a tendency in some of its
characters to approach those of the next section, it 18
strongly marked off from them by the form of the centro-
dorsal elevation of the prothorax, and agrees fairly well
on the whole with the other species placed in the present
section.
SECTION II.
Prothorax with a very short blunt tubercle on each side; the
centro-dorsal gibbosity strongly raised, convex, somewhat rounded
in outline, prolonged sufficiently in front to interrupt the anterior
transverse groove, and impressed on each side anteriorly with a deep
horizontally directed pit. Coste of elytra never prominent, and
usually almost obsolete.
5. Astathes gibbrcollis.
Astathes gibbicollis, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559.
Head and prothorax rufo-testaceous; head punctured strongly
and closely in front, less closely on the vertex ; prothorax sparingly
punctured, the punctures being most numerous on the dorsal and
lateral tubercles. Elytra entirely yellowish-testaceous, somewhat
sparsely punctured, with the punctures diminishing in size on the
posterior half. Underside and legs testaceous; with the tibie
dorsally near the apex, the tarsi, and a spot on each side of the
metasternum, dark brown. Antenne of the male reaching not quite
to the apex of the elytra; first three joints rufo-testaceous, slightly
infuscate, fourth and fifth pale fulvous, last six dark brown.
flab, MaAtaccaA; Burma; and N. Inpia. Type (f)
in coll. Oberthiir.
This species has only a superficial resemblance to
A. rufescens, Thoms., near which Thomson placed it, and
seems to be most nearly allied to the following species.
7. Astathes dimidiata.
Tetraopes dimidiata, Gory, in Guérin’s Icon. régne anim.,
Ins., p. 244, pl. 45, fig. 3.
| Letraophthalmus bipartitus, Buq. (in Dej. Cat.) nec Thoms.
42 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
Head and prothorax yellowish-testaceous ; head closely punctured,
especially in front ; prothorax somewhat closely punctured on the
dorsal and lateral tubercles, sparsely elsewhere. Elytra violaceous
from the base almost to the middle, and thence to the apex pale
fulvous or yellowish ; the coste obsolete or represented only by
very feebly raised lines. Body underneath and legs pale testaceous,
but with a large spot on each side of the metasternum, black, and
the anterior abdominal segments sometimes infuscate at the sides.
Antenne of the male reaching to or a little beyond the apex of the
elytra ; first four or five joints fulvous or testaceous, last six or seven
fuscous.
Hab. JavA (Horsfield), PENANG (Lamb), Borneo,
PERAK, BuRMA, and SIAM.
In Pascoe’s collection, I found two examples of this
species from Penang, and one from Sarawak, mixed up
with those of another species under the name of splendida,
Fab. The coloration of dimidiata greatly resembles that
of splendida, Fab., but the two species are easily dis-
tinguished by the structural characters given for the
respective sections in which they are here placed.
8. Astathes bimaculata.
Cerambyx bimaculatus, Fab., Ent. Syst.,i,2, p. 263 (1792).
Astathes extcrna, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (2) v, p. 46
(1859).
Yellowish-testaceous or fulvous ; elytra each with a rather large
and somewhat rounded violaceous spot placed just in front of the
middle, extending thence about half-way to the base, and, in the
transverse direction, reaching from the outer margin to within a
short distance of the suture ; metasternum with a fuscous spot on
each side; antenne slightly infuscate towards the apex, the first
three joints nitid and sparsely setose, the remaining joints pubescent
and dull. In structural characters agrees very closely with A.
dimidiata, Gory, but in general form is relatively a little longer and
narrower than that species.
Hab. SoutH Inpra, Tranquebar, Madras, Trevandrum,
Bangalore. Type in Copenhagen Museum. Type (2) of
externa, Pase. in Brit. Mus.
The Fabrician description of this species appears to
have been overlooked by the authors of the Munich
catalogue, as I can find no reference to it in that work.
From Fabricius’s description I had strongly suspected that
his species was identical with the A. externa of Pasc.; and
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 43
what little doubt remained in my mind was set at rest
on receiving for examination, a specimen which Dr.
Meinert had carefully compared, and found to agree, with
the Fabrician type.
9. Astathes violacerpennis.
Tetraophthalmus violaceipennis, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., 1
p- 53 (1857).
Tetraophthalmus fulgidus, Thoms. (nec Fabr.), 1. c., p. 54.
Astathes 1gnita, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 557 (1865).
Head, prothorax, body underneath, and legs, testaceous ; tarsi and
apices of tibiz more or less infuscate ; elytra entirely violaceous, and
glossy, but with a slight fuscous patch on each near the middle, due
to the greater density of the black sets over that part; antennz
testaceous ; with the last six or seven joints fuscous. Head closely
and rather coarsely punctured. Prothorax more or less closely
punctured on the dorsal and lateral tubercles. Elytra sparsely and
finely punctured ; each with three slightly raised costz, one of
which lies close alongside the suture.
Hab. NortH InpiA, Assam, Nepal, Sikhim, and BuRMA.
Types in coll. Oberthiir.
This species is distinguishable from episcopalis, Chev.
and others placed in this section, not only by differences
in coloration but also in having ‘the coste of the elytra
distinct, though not so strongly Taised and acute as in the
species of the next section.
10. Astathes ganthinipennis.
Astathes janthinipennis, Fairm., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1895,
e187.
Head, prothorax, body underneath, and femora testaceous ;
antenne with the third joint brownish-testaceous, the fourth and
fifth pale fulvous, the first two and the last six more or less fuscous ;
elytra entirely violaceous and nitid, but with a somewhat cloudy
patch on each near the middle due to the aggregation there of short,
decumbent black setz, longer erect black setae being more sparsely
spread over the whole surface; tibiae and tarsi brownish-black.
Head thickly and strongly punctured in front, sparsely punctured
above. Centro-dorsal tubercle of prothorax sparsely punctured. Elytra
distinctly but somewhat sparsely punctured ; each with two slightly
elevated coste in addition to one running close alongside the suture.
Hab. UPPER TONKIN.
+4 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
This species is very closely allied to A. violacewpennis,
Thoms., and differs from it by characters of only minor
importance, such as the fuscous colour of the first two
antennal joints, and the sparser puncturation of the
prothorax.
11. Astathes episcopalis.
Astathes episcopalis, Chevr., Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1852,
p- 418.
Head, thorax, body underneath, and femora, testaceous; elytra
violaceous ; antenne black, with the bases of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and
of some of the succeeding joints, fulvous ; tibize and tarsi black.
Puncturation variable ; the head being usnally very closely, and the
prothorax less closely punctured ; but in some specimens the dorsal
tubercle of the prothorax is as closely punctured as the head ; elytra
somewhat closely punctured, but in some specimens much less so
than in others.
Hab. Cutna, Hona Kone, and Formosa. Type (3)
in Brit. Mus.
An example of this species in M. Oberthiir’s collection
is ticketed “violaceipennis, Thoms. Type,” but is evidently
not the one described by Thomson under that name.
The true violacerpennis of Thomson appears to me, from
his description, to be identical with the species subsequently
described by him as nitida, and I think it not improbable
that the same specimen served as the type in each case,
the original label having, perhaps, been accidentally
removed from that specimen to one of episcopalis, Chevr.
12. Astathes cyanoptera.
Astathes cyanoptera, Gahan, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) v,
p. 358 (1900).
Closely allied to A. episcopalis, Chevr., but differing from it as
follows :—-Less densely setose; dorsal tubercle of prothorax very
sparsely punctured; elytra cyaneous, somewhat more _ strongly
punctured ; proximal part of the tibiz testaceous; third, fourth,
and fifth points of the antennz almost entirely fulvous, and the
underside of the first joint testaceous.
Hub. HatInAN Istanp (Whitehead). Types (% 2) in
Brit. Mus.
,
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 45
13. Astathes perversa, sp.n. (PL IV, fig. 3.)
Reddish-testaceous ; antennz with the last eight joints more or
less deeply infuscate ; elytra metallic-blue from the base to a little
beyond the middle; metasternum with a large black spot on each
side. Head rather closely punctured in front, less closely above.
Prothorax sparsely punctured, except on the centro-notal tubercle ;
the latter having the form characteristic of this section, but somewhat
less strongly raised than in the preceding species. Elytra rather
thickly punctured ; each with two short dorsal costa, in addition to
one alongside the suture.
Long. 9 mm. lat. 4 mm.
ffab. West Borneo, Pontianak. Type in coll.
Oberthiir.
This species seems to link the present section with the
next, The centro-notal tubercle is less raised, and the
transverse ridges between it and the sides of the prothorax
less broad and obtuse, than they are in the other species of
this section. By these characters, and by the more ex-
tended metallic-blue area of the elytra, as well as by the
presence of two tolerably distinct dorsal costze on each
elytron, the species may be distinguished from A. dimidiata,
Gory, to which it has a considerable resemblance in colour.
SECTION III.
Prothorax much narrower at the apex than at the base ; the lateral
tubercles short, gradually sloped in front, abruptly raised and some- -
what sharply edged behind ; the centro-dorsal tubercle moderately
raised, somewhat pyramidal in form, sloped gradually in front and
prolonged to interrupt the anterior transverse groove, impressed on
each sidé in front with a deep horizontal pit. Elytra each with
three distinctly raised costa, in addition to an acute sutural costa.
14, Astathes splendida.
Cerambyx splendidus, Fab., Ent. Syst., i, 2, p. 263 (1792);
Syst. El., u. p. 279 (1801).
Cerambyx splendidus, Weber, Observationes Ent., p. 86
1801).
ae daldorfit, var. 1. Illig., in Wied. Archiv. fiir
Zool., i, 2, p. 136, pl. 1, fig. 5 (1800).
Cerambyx daldorfit, var. 1. Llg., Mag. fiir Insekt., iv,
p. 109 (1805).
46 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
Astathes decipiens, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (2) vy,
p. 46 (1859).
Var. Astathes splendida, Pasc., op. cit., (3) ui, p. 353
(1867).
Reddish- or yellowish-testaceous ; elytra violaceous from the base
up to, or a little beyond, the middle ; antennz infuscate towards the
apex ; metasternum with a larger or smaller black patch on each
side ; the hind legs, and sometimes also the middle legs, more or less
infuscate. Head strongly and rather closely punctured in front,
sparsely punctured above. Prothorax thickly punctured on the
central tubercle, more sparsely elsewhere. Elytra rather sparsely
punctate and setose, the setze on the anterior violaceous half being
black, on the posterior half, tawny. Antenne of the male reaching
to the apex of the elytra.
Var. The violaceous area of the elytra extending a little farther
back than in the type. Body underneath and legs entirely testaceous,
Hab. SUMATRA, JAVA, and (of the var.) BORNEO.
Types in Copenhagen Museum. Type of decipiens, Pasc.,
in Brit. Mus.
Fabricius, in his description, gave Tranquebar as the
locality of this species, but must have done so in error.
Dr. Meinert has very kindly sent me for examination one
of the original types of Fabricius, and this type specimen
undoubtedly belongs to the form occurring in Sumatra,
and described by Pascoe as A. decipiens. All the examples
from Borneo which I have seen belong to the variety,
which Pascoe erroneously regarded as the true splendida
of Fab.
15. Astathes lemoides.
Astathes lemoides, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 558 (1865).
Head, prothorax, and apical half of elytra rufo-testaceous ; basal
half of elytra violaceous, the hind border of this violaceous area
being rather strongly arcuate ; body underneath black, but with the
prothorax and mesosternum testaceous ; legs black, with the tarsi
testaceous ; antenne testaceous, with the last five or six joints infus-
cate, and the first two sometimes fuscous on the dorsal face.
Hab. SUMATRA. Type (? ) in coll. Oberthiir.
This species agrees closely in structure and puncturation
with A. splendida, Fab., but is easily to be distinguished
from it by the stronger and more regular arcuate emar-
gination of the basal violaceous area of the elytra, as well
as by the black colour of the underside.
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 47
16. Astathes unicolor.
Astathes unicolor, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3)
p. 349 (1867). |
Astathes coccinea, Pasc., |. ¢., p. 350.
Entirely testaceous with the exception of the last four or five
joints of the antenne which are more or less infuscate. In structural
characters closely agreeing with the preceding two species.
Hab. Borneo, Sarawak, Labuan and Sandakan. Types
(f ¢) im Brit. Mus.
This species is almost identical in coloration with A.
rufescens, Thoms., and its elytra are similarly costate and
punctate ; but in the latter species the centro-dorsal
tubercle of the prothorax is less raised and is without a
pit on each side anteriorly.
The type of coccinea is slightly narrower than that of
unicolor, and the head more closely punctured; but the
difference in coloration which appears to have existed at
the time when they were described has since almost com-
pletely vanished, probably as the result of fading in one
of the specimens.
17. Astathes fulgida. (Plate IV, fig. 4.)
Cerambyx fulgidus, Fab., Syst. El., 11, p. 280.
Astathes fulgida, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) in,
p. 353 (1867).
Yellowish-testaceous, with the elytra entirely metallic-blue, -green
or violaceous, and the antenne infuscate towards the apex. Head
with a rather prominent transverse ridge between the oblique flat-
tened upper part of the front, and the lower median vertical part,
and a similar oblique ridge on each side between the upper part and
the lower lateral part of the front; upper part of the front canalicu-
late along the middle, the lower part with a sharp median carina.
_ Elytra each with four acute costz in addition to one running along-
side the suture.
Hab, SUMATRA. Type in Copenhagen Museum.
Though I have not seen the type, I have no doubt as to
my correct identification of this species. The prominent
ridges on the front of the head serve to distinguish it from
all other species of the genus.
48 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
18. Astathes terminata.
Astathes terminata, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (2) iv,
p. 109 1857); id: (3) 11, p. Bat:
Head, prothorax, and body underneath, black ; elytra for about
three-fifths of their length from the base, violaceous, the remaining
part reddish- or yellowish-testaceous ; legs fuscous or piceous, with
the tarsi and distal portion of the tibie, testaceous; antenne
yellowish-white, with the first joint brownish-testaceous or piceous,
and the last three or four infuscate. Head thickly punctured in
front, sparsely on the vertex. Central tubercle of pronotum not
strongly raised, slightly convex above with a more abrupt conical
point in the middle, rather thickly punctured.
Hab. Mauacca. Type (2) in Brit. Mus.
The type of this species is relatively somewhat narrower
and more elongate than the other species of this section ;
but in some of the following forms (which I provisionally
treat as varieties), the shape is mere in accordance with
that characteristic of the section.
Var. 1. sumptuosa (Dup. MS.).
= Tetraophthalmus daldorfii, Thoms. (nec Illig. nec Fab.), Archiy.
Ent., 1, p. 52.
Elytra violaceous from the base to the middle only, or to a little
beyond it ; body underneath black as in the type of terminata.
Hab. JAVA and MALACCA.
Var. 2. Elytra coloured as in the type ; abdomen and the greater
part of the metasternum testaceous.
Hab. JAVA.
Var. 3. westermanni (Mannerh. MS.).
Elytra violaceous from the base to the middle only, or to a little
beyond it; abdomen wholly, and the metasternum toa greater or
less extent, testaceous.
Hab. PrENanc, Dina Ding ISLANDS, PERAK, and
BoRNEO.
SECTION IV.
Centro-dorsal tubercle of prothorax less strongly raised, especially ~
in front, where it is scarcely above the level of the transverse groove,
and not impressed on each side with a horizontal pit. Elytra each
with two distinctly raised, acute coste in addition to one alongside
the suture. The fossa in front of the apex of the last ventral segment
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 49
of the female larger and deeper than in the species of the other
sections.
19. Astathes levis.
Astathes levis, Newm., The Entomologist, i, p. 299
(1842).
Astathes divisa, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (2) v, p. 47
(1859).
Var. 1.=A. gallerucoides, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 557
ee
Var. 2.=A. basalis, Thoms., l. c., p. 557.
A. casta, Thoms., |. c., p. 538.
Reddish-testaceous ; elytra from the base to the middle or to a
little beyond it, violaceous-blue, the hinder part of this blue area with
a patch of closely aggregated black setz ; the antennz infuscate at
the apex, the tarsi, and the apices of the tibiz, brownish-black.
Head and prothorax distinctly but rather sparsely punctured ; central
tubercle of pronotum sub-pyramidal in form, and more strongly
raised than in the majority of the species belonging to this section.
Elytra sparsely punctured.
Hab. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (Cuming). Type ( @ ) of levis,
Newm., and type ( f ) of divisa, Pasc., in Brit. Mus
Pascoe gave India as the locality of divisa and his type
specimen is so labelled ; but this specimen agrees so well
in every respect (save the sexual differences) with New-
man’s type, that I feel almost certain the locality India is
wrong, and that the specimen really came from the
Philippines.
Var. 1. gallerucoides, Thoms. Differs from the type of levis,
Newm., in having a narrow testaceous border at the base of each
elytron from the suture to the humeral depression, Type (2) in
coll. Oberthiir.
Var. 2. basalis, Thoms.=casta, Thoms, In this variety the blue
area of the elytra does not extend as far as to the middle, and the
sutural margins the whole way up to, and alongside of, the scutellum
are testaceous. Type (?) in coll. Oberthiir.
T could find no difference between the type of basalis and
that of casta, except a slight difference in tint, the reddish-
testaceous colour of the former being replaced by yellowish-
white in the latter.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL) 4
50 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
20. Astathes gemmula.
Astathes gemmula, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 557 (1865).
Reddish-testaceous, with the elytra from the base to a little beyond
the middle, purplish-violaceous ; first two joints of the antenne,
black, last six or seven infuscate ; tarsi and apices of tibize infuscate.
Head and prothorax distinctly but rather sparsely punctured ; upper
part of front of head depressed in the middle, and separated by an
obtuse and oblique ridge on each side from the lateral and lower
parts of the front ; dorsal tubercle of prothorax sub-pyramidical in
form, and as strongly raised in the middle as in A. levis, Newm.
Hab. CELEBES. Type (f) in coll. Oberthiir.
This species agrees very well in structure with A. /evis,
Newm., and has a considerable resemblance to it in colour,
the chief differences being that the first two joints of the
antenne are black, and the elytra do not exhibit a fuscous
patch on the posterior part of the violaceous area.
21. Astathes plagiata, sp. n.
Astathes levis, var. y. Newman, The Entomologist, 1,
p. 299.
Astathes plagiata (Hope MS.).
Reddish-testaceous. Antenne with the basal joint brownish or
piceous, the last six or seven infuscate, and the intermediate joints
pallid. Elytra each with a rather large violaceous-blue spot placed
a short distance before the middle, about midway between the suture
and outer margin. ‘Tarsi and, to a greater or less extent, the tibie,
infuscate. Front of head distinctly but not very closely punctured ;
furnished with a rather feeble median carina in its lower half in both
sexes; vertex feebly and sparsely punctured. Prothorax rather
sparsely punctured ; the transverse ridge is not prominent at the
sides, and the centro-dorsal tubercle scarcely exists as such, being
hardly raised above the level of the surrounding parts. Elytra each
with two dorsal costz in addition to the juxta-sutural costa.
Hab, PHILIPPINE IsLANDS, N.E. Luzon (Whitehead).
Type in Brit. Mus.
The very feebly raised centro-dorsal tubercle of the
prothorax, together with the different markings of the
elytra, serve to distinguish this species from C. levis, of
which Newman regarded it as a variety.
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 51
22. Astathes instabilis, sp. n.
Head, prothorax, body underneath, legs, and antenne testaceous ;
fourth and fifth joints of the antenne pallid, and the last three or
four infuscate ; tibiz sometimes more or less blackish; elytra
violaceous-blue, except in the apical fifth or sixth part, which is
testaceous. Head sparsely punctured above, more closely in front,
with the interstices minutely punctulate. Pronotum strongly but
sparsely punctured ; the central tubercle almostas strongly raised as
in A. levis, Newm. Elytra sparsely punctured; each with two
distinct dorsal costz in addition to an acute costa lying close along-
side the suture ; the setze on the violaceous area black, those on the
apical testaceous area, tawny in colour. Antenne of the male a
little longer than the body, those of the female reaching to the apical
fifth of the elytra.
Var. 1. Elytra entirely testaceous, and the sete on them all tawny
in colour.
Var. 2. Elytra testaceous ; with the setze mostly black in colour,
those only near the apex being tawny.
Long. 11-15 mm.
Hab. SouTH and SoutH East Borneo. ‘Types in coll.
Oberthiir.
23. Astuthes gaponica.
Tetraophthalmus japonicus, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., 1, p. 51
C1357).
Head, prothorax, body underneath, legs, and base of the antenne,
testaceous ; intermediate joints of the antennze pallid, the last four
or five infuscate ; elytra violaceous, except in their apical sixth part
and for a short distance forwards along the sutural and lateral
margins, rather closely beset with tawny sete, especially at and in
front of the middle so that a faint tawny band becomes visible there
in certain lights. Head sparsely punctured above, more closely in
front, with the interstices minutely punctulate. Pronotum sparsely
punctured. Elytra distinctly, but not closely, punctured from the
base almost to the apex ; each with two acute dorsal coste in addition
to one running alongside the suture. Antenne of the male a little
longer than the body.
Hab. (2?) Type (¢) in coll. Oberthiir.
Var. Apex of elytra more narrowly testaceous than in the type ;
middle and front tibize, and sometimes also the hind tibix, blackish.
Hab. SoutH East Borneo (Doherty). In Brit. Mus.
and in coll. Oberthiir.
52 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
This variety differs so slightly from the type as to make
it extremely probable that the type itself came from
Borneo or Java, and not from Japan as stated by Thomson.
No other specimens of this or of any species of Astathes
have been recorded from Japan. The species is very
closely allied to A. instabilis, the only definite character
by which it is distinguishable being the presence of
numerous tawny setz on the anterior violaceous area of
the elytra, causing the latter to exhibit a somewhat golden
gloss in certain lights.
24. Astathes montana, sp. n.
Head, prothorax, underside, femora, and base of antennz, reddish-
testaceous ; vertex of head and two small spots on the pronotum faintly
piceous, intermediate joints of antennz pallid, last joints infuscate :
elytra of a deep violaceous-blue colour, except at the extreme apical
border where they are rufescent ; all the tibiz, and the posterior face
of the front femora blackish. Head distinctly but rather sparsely
punctured, with the interstices between the larger punctures on the
front minutely punctulate ; prothorax sparsely punctured on the
centro-dorsal tubercle, in the channel in front of it, and on the lateral
tubercles ; elytra sparsely punctured from the base almost up to the
apex.
Long. 12, lat. 5 mm.
Hab. HiMaLayas (Melly). Type (%) in Brit. Mus.
In coloration this species resembles A. violaceipennis,
Thoms., but differs in having the tibiz entirely black. It
is distinguished further from that species in being less
densely setose, and having the centro-dorsal tubercle of
the prothorax less raised, and without a pit on each side
in front.
25. Astathes velata.
Astathes velata, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 557 (1865);
Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (8) 11, p. 353.
Yellowish-testaceous ; with the last five or six joints of the antennz
infuscate ; and the elytra from the base almost to the middle,
violaceous-blue, but with this violaceous-blue area more or less widely
interrupted at the suture by a triangular extension forwards of the
testaceous area. Centro-dorsal tubercle of the prothorax feebly
raised, appearing as little more than the median portion of a sinuate
ridge crossing the pronotum from side to side ; but with the anterior
slope of the tubercle extending to the transverse groove in front and
raised slightly above its level so as to interrupt it.
é
‘
|
;
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 58
Hab. JAvA and SumatTrRA. Type (¢) in coll. Oberthiir.
This species is closely allied to A. levis, Newm., and is
chiefly distinguishable from it by the less extent of the
violaceous area on the elytra, and the feebler development
and closer puncturation of the centro-notal tubercle. This
tubercle is of somewhat the same size and form in all the
remaining species of this section.
In M. Oberthiir’s collection there is a specimen ticketed
“intermedia Thoms. type” which can only be regarded as
a variety of velata, Thoms. Though labelled ‘type’ it has
not, to my knowledge, been described. It differs from the
type of velata in having the elytra violaceous from the base
quite up to the middle, and this violaceous area not so
widely interrupted at the suture. The locality of the
specimen is not indicated by any label, but a specimen in
the Brit. Mus. very closely agreeing with it, is ticketed
Java.
26. Astathes rufescens.
Astathes rufescens, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559 (1865).
Very closely allied to A. velata, Thoms., and probably only a
variety of that species, the chief differences noticeable relating to the
colour of the elytra. Elytra entirely yellowish-testaceons, giving
more or less strong purplish reflexions, especially towards the base,
in certain lights ; with a small area on each side between the middle
and the base rather closely beset with blackish sete, the sete over
the rest of the surface being more sparsely scattered, and tawny in
colour. (In some specimens the shouider of each elytron has a
distinct purplish colour.)
Hab. JAVA and SUMATRA. Type (2) in coll. Oberthiir.
Having been unable to find any structural difference
between this form and A. velata, I was inclined to think
that the difference in coloration might be due to
immaturity of the specimens. But from an examination
of a large number of specimens, M. Oberthiir has come
to the conclusion that this is not the case. He believes,
however, that A. rufescens is only a unicolorous form of
A. velata.
27. Astathes nitens, (Plate IV, fig. 5.)
Cerambyx nitens, Fab., Syst. Eleuth., 11, p. 279 (1801).
Lamia daldorfir, var. 3, Llig., in Wiedem. Archiv. fiir Zool.
1, 2, p. 136 (1800).
54 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
Cerambyx rgnitus, Illig., Mag. fiir Insekt., iv, p. 109 (1805).
Astathes nitens, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 11, p. 350
(1867).
Astathes fabricii, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 558 (1865).
Var. Astathes apicalis, Thoms., l. c., p. 558.
Astathes hwmeralis, Heyden, Abh. Sencken. nat. Ges., xxiii,
p. 578 (1897).
Head, prothorax and abdomen black; antenne yellowish or
reddish-testaceous, with a variable number of the joints nearest the
apex more or less infuscate; elytra testaceous, with the posterior
sixth or seventh part violaceous; prosternum and hind breast
entirely, or in part only, testaceous ; legs variable in colour, the
femora and tibie being usually for the most part pitchy-black, but
sometimes entirely testaceous. Head and prothorax distinctly, but
rather sparsely punctured, the punctures on the prothorax being
mostly confined to the centro-dorsal and lateral tubercles; these
tubercles not more raised than in the preceding species, and similar
to them in form, that is they appear as little more than the median
and lateral parts of a sinuate ridge crossing the pronotum from side
to side sloping gradually in front, and abruptly raised and rather
sharply edged behind. Elytra distinctly enough, but sparsely,
punctured, each with two distinct dorsal costz in addition to one
alongside the suture, the costz external to these being almost, or
quite, obsolete.
Hab. SuMATRA, Nias I., BoRNEO, MaLaAcca and SIAM.
This species is placed in the Munich Catalogue as a
variety of A. splendida, Fab., and so also is A. fulgida,
Fab., but it will be seen from the positions which I have
assigned to them, that these three species are really very
distinct from each other, differing as they do by strongly
marked structural characters. A. nitens varies to some
extent in colour. In some specimens the elytra are
entirely testaceous, or have only the extreme apical border
violaceous, while in the type (%) of apicalis, Thoms., from
Malacca, the whole posterior third part of the elytra is
violaceous. In humeralis, Heyd., described from one (@)
example from Baram in North Borneo, the apical fourth part
of the elytra is violaceous, a condition somewhat intermediate
between that of apicalis and the typical form of niéens.
28. Astathes caloptera.
Astathes caloptera, Pasc., Journ. of Ent., 1, p. 63 (1860).
Astathes cyanipennis, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 557 (1865).
—— —
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 55
Entirely black with the exception of the elytra and antenne ;
elytra of a deep violaceous-blue colour, and the antennz pale
yellowish with the last three or four joints infuscate. In its
relatively broad form and in all its structural characters the species
agrees well with A. nitens, Fab.
Hab. Borneo. Type (4) of caloptera in Brit. Mus.
Type () of cyanipennis in coll. Oberthiir.
This species varies very considerably in size, one of the
male specimens described. by Pascoe measuring only 9 mm,
in length, whereas a large female in the Brit. Mus.
collection has a length of 17 mm.
29. Astathes posticalis.
Astathes posticalis, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 558 (1865);
Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) ii, p. 351 (1867).
Head, prothorax and abdomen black ; elytra violaceous from the
base to a little beyond the middle, thence to the apex testaceous, the
violaceous area with an almost straight hind border; antenn
testaceous, with the intermediate joints pallid, and the last five or
six infuscate; hind-breast testaceous ; legs more or less piceous,
Agrees with A. nitens, Fab., in structural characters.
Hab. BorNnto. Type (§) in coll. Oberthiir.
This species appears to vary in the extent of the
violaceous colour on the elytra. In one specimen before
me the violet area does not reach quite up to the middle,
in another it reaches just to the middle, while in all the
remaining specimens it reaches to a little beyond the
middle.
30. Astathes ignorantina.
Tetraophthalmus ignorantinus, 'Thoms., Archiv. Ent., 1, p.
BF (1857).
Head and prothorax black ; elytra dark violaceous for nearly
two-thirds of their length from the base, apical part testaceous ;
metasternum and abdomen testaceous, with the middle of the first
segment black; fore and middle femora blackish, hind femora
testaceous ; tibize all slightly black at base, and testaceous towards
the apex; tarsi testaceous; antenne pale yellowish-testaceous.
Pronotum sparsely punctured, with transverse ridge and median
tubercle closely resembling those of caloptera, Pasc., and nitens, Fab.
Hab, JAVA. Type (2) in coll. Oberthiir.
Var. Differs from the type in having the abdomen entirely
56 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
testaceous, the posterior femora, as well as the anterior and middle
femora, black, and the tibize, especially the anterior pair, black to a
greater extent.
Hab. WEST Borneo, Pontianak. In coll. Oberthiir and
in Brit. Mus.
Astathes kukenthali, Heyden (Abh. Sencken. nat. Ges.,
xxii, p. 578 (1897), from Samarinda in East Borneo, seems
to be identical with this variety. It is described as being
closely allied to A. posticalis, Thoms., but differmg as
follows: elytra violaceous to a greater extent (for four-
sevenths of their length from the base); front tibize
wholly, and the middle and hind tibiz in their basal part,
black ; abdomen rufous; central tubercle of pronotum
strongly raised (“ thorace in medio postice alte calloso”).
These differences, with the exception of the last, are almost
precisely the same as those by which the above variety
may be distinguished from osticalis; but there is no
appreciable difference in the size or form of the pronotal
tubercle, and it is therefore possible that Heyden’s species
may be one of the varieties of A. terminata, Pasc. instead.
In none of these varieties known to me, however, are the
front tibiz black to a greater extent than those of the
other two pairs; as a rule, they are less black.
31. Astathes purpurea.
Astathes purpurea, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (2) iv, p.
108 (1857) ; id. (3) iii, p. 354.
Head and prothorax black and glossy ; the underside and legs
pitchy-black, but with the hind-breast, the tarsi, and apices of the
tibize testaceous ; elytra entirely of a dark purplish or violet colour ;
first three joints of the antennz brownish, the remaining joints pale
testaceous. Front of head distinctly but not very closely punctured ;
furnished with a rather feeble median carina in its lower part in the
female ; vertex of head and disk of prothorax sparsely punctured ;
centro-dorsal tubercle of prothorax feebly raised, slightly notched in
the middle behind, and impressed with a shallow pit in front.
Elytra relatively rather narrow, sparsely but rather strongly
punctured ; each with a juxta-sutural and two dorsal coste.
Hab. SINGAPORE. Tyre (2) in Brit. Mus.
This species somewhat resembles A. caloptera, Pasc., in
general coloration, but differs in having the tarsi and
hind-breast testaceous instead of black; and is further to
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 57
be distinguished by its relatively narrow form. In general
form it is more like the species of the next section; but
from the structure of its prothorax I consider it to be more
nearly allied to the species placed in the present section.
SECTION V.
Centro-dorsal tubercle of prothorax small and narrow, not pro-
longed in front to interrupt the anterior transverse groove, the latter
being continued in a straight line right across the pronotum ; dorso-
lateral tubercles not sharply edged behind. Elytra each with two
distinct dorsal costz in addition to the sutural costa. Last ventral
segment of the female not foveate. The species of this section are, as
a rule, smaller, and relatively narrower than those of the preceding
sections,
32. Astathes straminea.
Astathes straminea, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (2) iv, p.
108 (1857).
Head and prothorax black ; elytra entirely yellowish-testaceous ;
underside almost wholly pitchy-black ; femora and tibiz more or
less piceous ; antennze pale testaceous with the basal joints more or
less brown. Head distinctly and rather closely punctured in front,
less closely on the vertex ; pronotum closely punctured at the sides
of the central tubercle and in the groove in front of and behind it.
Elytra feebly punctured.
Hab. BurMA. Type in Brit. Mus.
The type specimen appears to be slightly immature,
the legs antennz and elytra being paler than in other
specimens, and the centro-dorsal tubercle of the prothorax
slightly testaceous instead of black.
33. Astathes bipartita.
Astathes bipartita, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 558 (1865).
Astathes pulchella, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) iii, p.
354 (1867).
Reddish-testaceous or fulvous ; with the basal half of the elytra
violaceous-blue, the apical half yellowish, the metasternum at the
sides, and the last three or four joints of the antennze dark brown.
Head densely punctured in front. Pronotum less closely but more
strongly punctured, except on the central and lateral tubercles which
are somewhat smooth and glossy. Elytra sparsely and rather feebly
punctured, each with two distinct dorsal coste in addition to the one
alongside the suture.
58 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
Hab. Mauacca, Tringano, Patani, Singapore, and
SUMATRA. Type of bepartita in coll. Oberthiir; type of
pulchella in Brit. Mus.
In size, form and structure this species agrees pretty
closely with A. straminea, Pasc., but has an entirely
different coloration.
34. Astathes cincta, sp.n. (Pl. IV, fig. 6.)
Yellowish-testaceous ; with a broad steel-blue band crossing the
whole width of the elytra between the base and the middle, the
anterior border of the band being at a short distance behind the base,
and the posterior, a little in front of the middle of the elytra; apex
of antenne slightly infuscate. Head thickly punctured in front and
furnished with a feeble median carina near the base; less closely
punctured above and impressed with a median line. Prothorax
slightly protuberant at the middle of each side : closely and strongly
punctured above except along the central tubercle, the latter in the
form of a slightly raised obtuse ridge extending from the posterior
to the anterior transverse groove. LElytra rather sparsely punctured ;
each with two distinct dorsal costz in addition to the sutural costa.
Antennz of the male a little longer than the body; those of the
female a little shorter than the body.
Long, 9-10 mm.
Hab. JAvA, Gounod Gedeh (Ledru). Type in coll.
Oberthiir.
This species, though closely resembling A. fasciata in
coloration and in the relative position of the elytral band,
is much smaller in size and differs further in having the
centro-dorsal tubercle of the prothorax obtuse instead of
strongly acute.
35. Astathes fasciata, sp. n.
Astathes levis, var. 8B. Newman, The Entomologist, i, p. 299.
Head, prothorax, and first three joints of the antennz testaceous ;
intermediate joints of the antennze pale yellow, last five or six
infuscate ; elytra yellowish- or reddish-testaceous, with a broad blue
band crossing them transversely just before the middle ; body under-
neath, and legs testaceous, with the tarsi and the discal half of the
tibiz infuscate. Head densely and somewhat rugosely punctured in
front, sparsely and feebly above ; the front with a prominent median
carina in its lower half. Antennze reaching to the apex of the elytra
in the male. Prothorax feebly tuberculate at the sides ; its centro-
dorsal tubercle taking the form of a sharp ridge extending from the
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 59
posterior to the anterior transverse groove; strongly and rather
closely punctured except on the centro-dorsal ridge. Elytra feebly
and sparsely punctured, but with the punctures appearing larger
through being surrounded each by a small dusky area ; two distinctly
raised costée, in addition to the juxta-sutural costa, present on each
elytron.
Hab. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Type (¢) in Brit. Mus.
Two 2 examples collected by C. Semper, in coll.
Oberthiir.
36. Astathes contenttosa.
Astathes contentiosa, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) iu,
p. 352.
Head, prothorax, and body underneath, black ; elytra purplish- or
violaceous-black in the basal half, testaceous or yellowish in the
hinder half, with the testaceous colour extending forwards triangularly
at the suture; antennae testaceous or fulvous, with the last few
joints slightly infuscate ; femora blackish, tarsi, and the tibie to a
greater or less extent, testaceous. Head and prothorax sparsely
punctured, the punctures being thickest and most distinct around the
central tubercle of the pronotum. LElytra sparsely and rather feebly
punctured.
Hab. Matacca, Singapore, Johore, and Sinkip Island.
Type in Brit. Mus.
In the type from Singapore, the elytra are slightly
tinted with purplish at the apex, andin the specimen trom
Johore they are distinctly but very narrowly tipped with
violet. The species is very nearly allied to A. partita
(= daldorfii, Fab.), but is somewhat smaller in size, and
distinguishable by the much greater extent of the
violaceous area on the basal half of the elytra.
37. Astathes partita, sp. 0.
Cerambyx daldorfiu, Fab. (nec Illiger), Syst. Eleuth., uu,
p22:
Astathes daldorfii, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) in,
p. 350.
Head, prothorax and scutellum, black ; elytra reddish-testaceous,
but with the apex and a spot extending inwards to a greater or less
extent from each shoulder, violaceous-blue ; antenne reddish-brown
at the base, fuscous at the end, the intermediate joints being pale
testaceous ; body underneath black ; legs piceous with the tarsi and
sometimes also the apices of the tibice testaceous.
60 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
Hab. MAuacca and SuMATRA. ‘Type in Brit. Mus.
This species agrees pretty closely with A. straminea,
Pasc., and A. flaviventris, Pasc., both in form and structure,
and is chiefly distinguishable from them by the difference
in the coloration of the elytra. It is without doubt the
species described by Fabricius as Cerambyx daldorfit, but
it certainly is not one of the three forms included by
Illiger under that name. [Illiger’s C. daldorfic seems to
have been made up of three very distinct species, his
var. 1 being identical with splendida, Fab., his var. 2 with
fulgida, Fab., and his var. 3 with nitens, Fab.
38. Astathes flavwentris.
Astathes flaviventris, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) iii,
p. 352.
Head, prothorax, and scutellum black ; elytra for about one-half
or two-thirds of their length from the base, violaceous-blue, and
thence to the apex, testaceous ; antenne reddish-brown at the base,
pale yellow in the middle, infuscate towards the apex ; body under-
neath and legs, piceous or black, with the abdomen, the tarsiand the
apices of the tibiz testaceous. Head distinctly, but not very closely
punctured in front, more feebly and sparsely punctured on the vertex.
Pronotum closely punctured at the sides of the central tubercle and
in the transverse grooves. Elytra feebly and somewhat sparsely
punctured.
Hab. BoRNEO. Type in Brit. Mus.
This species greatly resembles A. terminata, Pasc., in size,
form and coloration, so much so that specimens of the two
species are sometimes mixed up together in collections.
But an examination of the character of the centro-dorsal
tubercle of pronotum will readily enable one to distinguish
them. Another character to be noted is the presence of a
rather well-marked depression on the last ventral segment
in the female of A. terminata, and the almost complete
absence of any such depression in A. flaviventris.
Genus ANASTATHES, gen. nov.
Head almost flat between the antenniferous tubercles. Antenne
rather short and thick, those of the female scarcely reaching to the
apical third of the elytra; third joint not longer than the first ;
second joint scarcely longer than broad ; last joint sharply pointed
and sub-glabrous at the apex. Prothorax transverse, furnished with
an obtuse, transverse tubercle or ridge at the middle of each side, and
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 61
a large obtuse tubercle on the middle of the disc. Elytra nearly
parallel-sided, broadly rounded and unarmed at the apex. Inter-
coxal process of the prosternum raised in the middle almost toa level
with the coxze ; mesosternal process vertical in front, turned back at
the end to meet the anterior process of the metasternum, which is
advanced nearly three-fourths of the way between the middle coxe.
Type of the genus: Astathes nigricornis, Thoms.
1. Anastathes nigricornis.
Astathes nigricornis, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 560.
Tetraophthalmus nigricornis (De}. Cat.).
. Reddish-testaceous; with the elytra somewhat paler towards
the apex ; antenne entirely black. Head sparsely and rather feebly
punctured ; front slightly concave in the middle between the
antenne, convex in its lower part. Antennz reaching about to the
apical third of the elytra; first joint very closely punctured.
Prothorax almost equally broad at the base and apex, rather deeply
canaliculate at each side behind the lateral tubercle, less deeply in
front of it ; the discoidal tubercle extending almost from the base to
the apex, strongly and rather closely punctured. LElytra about one-
half longer than broad, sparsely and not strongly punctured from the
base to a little beyond the middle ; each with two feebly raised dorsal
costee. Last ventral segment with an impressed line along the
middle, and a faint depression near the apex.
Hab. Matacca (Type 2 in coll. Oberthiir), PENANG
(Lamb) and JAVA.
2. Anastathes biplagiata, sp.n. (Plate IV, fig. 9.)
2. Yellowish-testaceous ; elytra each with a large oval black spot
placed transversely just before the middle ; antennz with the first
three joints black and glossy, the remaining joints dark brown and
dull. Head strongly but not closely punctured; the front broad,
nearly flat above between the antenne, slightly convex below and
furnished with a very faint median carina. Antenne scarcely
extending beyond the middle of the elytra; the first joint very
closely punctured ; the last eight joints together hardly longer than
the first three together. Prothorax almost as broad in front as at the
base ; the centro-notal tubercle large and obtuse, extending almost
from the base to the apex, strongly and rather closely punctured.
Elytra distinctly but not closely punctured, the punctures becoming
eradually smaller on the posterior half; costz almost entirely
obsolete. Last ventral segment as long as the three preceding it
62 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
impressed with a groove along the middle, and a faint depression
near the apex.
Long. 10, lat. 4 mm.
Hab. Stam, Laos (in coll. Oberthiir), Lakhon (Armand
— in Paris Museum).
Genus CLEONARIA.
Cleonaria, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 119 (1864).
Narrow and elongate in form. Head slightly depressed between
the antenne. Antenne shorter than the body in both sexes,
densely setose, the setee being longer and forming a fringe on the
posterior side ; first joint shorter than the third, asperate in front near
the apex. Prothorax sub-cylindrical, scarcely broader than long,
slightly rounded in the middle at the sides, feebly raised in the
middle of the disc, impressed with a straight anterior and a sinuate
posterior transverse groove. Elytra more than twice as long as
broad, a little wider than the prothorax, and slightly wider
posteriorly than at the base. Intercoxal process of prosternum
narrow in the middle, and not strongly raised. Mesosternal process
nearly horizontal, prolonged between the middle coxe for the greater
part of their length. Legs rather short, the hind femora scarcely
reaching beyond the second abdominal segment. ‘Tarsal claws
appendiculate in both sexes, Last ventral segment of the female
long, and impressed with a median line ; that of the male shorter
and narrower and without impression.
Type of the genus: Cleonaria bicolor, Thoms.
1. Cleonaria bicolor.
Cleonaria bicolor, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 119 (1864).
Head and prothorax testaceous yellow, with a faint ochreous
pubescence, and furnished also with erect tawny sete ; head with a
dark spot behind the lower lobe of each eye, and sometimes also,
with a dark spot on each of the antenniferous tubercles ; prothorax
with a dark blue band along the lower part of each side ; antenne
black ; elytra pale yellow or stramineous; body underneath, with
the exception of the pro- and meso-sterna, dark metallic-blue ; legs
black, varying to piceous. Head and prothorax distinctly but not
very closely punctured. Elytra setose, thickly and strongly
punctured, except near the apex ; slightly flattened along each side
of the suture. Antenne reaching to the apical fourth of the elytra
in the male, to a little beyond the middle in the female ; first joint
very thiekly punctured.
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 68
Hab. Stam (Type ¢,-1n coll. Oberthiir); and 8. Inpra,
Madras, Nilgiris.
I have been unable to detect any sufficient specific
difference in the examples from South India. They agree
in all essential respects with the type. In the latter, the
head is not darker at the base of the antennz, and the
dark spot behind each eye is very faint; but the same is
true also of most of the South-Indian specimens.
2. Cleonaria cingalensis, sp. n.
Apical fourth or fifth part of the elytra dark metallic-blue ; the
coloration of all the remaining parts of the insect very similar to that
of C. bicolor, Thoms. Head with a median, carini-form tubercle on
the lower part of the front in the male, slightly gibbous in front in
the female. In other structural characters, and in general form, the
species agrees with C. bicolor.
Long. 10-13, lat.
Hab. CeyLton. Types (¢) in Brit. Mus.; 2 in coll.
Oberthiir.
Genus CHREONOMA.
Chreonoma, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (8) i, p. 358.
Head broadly and moderately concave between the antenniferous
tubercles. Antenne a little longer than the body in the male
usually shorter than the body in the female ; first joint asperate in
front at, or near, the apex; second joint nearly twice as long as
broad. Prothorax transverse, sub-cylindrical, protuberant, or not,
at the middle of each side; the disc with a more or less distinet
median elevation. LElytra slightly widened out posteriorly, rounded
and unarmed at the apex, without raised lines. Prosternum not
very strongly raised between the coxze ; mesosternum sloped in front,
prolonged between the middle coxz for the greater part of their
length.
Type of the genus: Chreonoma venusta, Pase.
The more typical species of this genus form a group or
section distinguished by the following characters :
Scape of the antennz as long as, or slightly longer than, the third
joint, gradually and slightly thickened towards the apex ; last joint
sharply pointed and sub-glabrous at the tip. Prothorax very
slightly or not at all protuberant at the sides; the anterior groove
feeble and indistinct, especially in the middle ; the posterior groove
distinct at the sides, very narrow and strongly bowed back in the
64 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
middle behind the discal elevation ; the latter very slightly raised
and only apparent on the posterior part of the disc. Last ventral
- segment of the female obtusely pointed at the apex.
This section includes C. venusta, Pasc., and C. seclusa,
Pasc., from Batchian, C. bimaculata, Pasc., from Waigiou,
C. flavicincta, Pasc., from Saylee, C. vernula, Pasc., from
Morty, and C. annulicornis, Pasc., from Celebes.
The following four species are closely related to these
but differ in having the prothorax more protuberant at the
middle of each side; the last joint of the antenne less
sharply pointed and covered entirely with pubescence;
and the last ventral segment of the female more broadly
rounded at the apex.
Chreonoma pallida.
Astathes pallida, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559.
Astathes kraatzi, Thoms., l.c., p. 559.
Entirely pale yellowish-testaceous, excepting the last five to seven
joints of the antenne which are infuscate. Prothorax with a very
slight elevation extending along the middle of the dise almost from
the base to the apex ; this elevation smooth, and only distinctly
limited posteriorly where it is bounded by the basal transverse
groove. Elytra rather thickly punctured from the base to a little
beyond the middle. Scape of the antennz a little longer than the *~
third joint, asperate in front at the apex. Last ventral segment of
? with a rather broad and deep fovea before the apex.
Hab. JavA (Type g of pallida) and PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,
Mindanao (Type 2 of kraatzt).
Chreonoma puncticollis,
Astathes puncticollis, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559.
9. Characters as in C. kraatzi, Thoms., but with the smooth
space along the disc of the prothorax much narrower and restricted
to the posterior part of the disc; and the pronotum at the sides of,
and in front of, this smooth space much more thickly punctured.
Hab. PuitippIneE Is~tanps. Type (¢) in coll.
Oberthiir.
Chreoma dapsilis.
Phea dapsilis, Newm., The Entomologist, i, p. 300 (1842).
@. Yellowish-testaceous, with the last six joints of the antenne
dark brown, and rather more than the apical half of the elytra dark
“Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 65
metallic-blue, this blue area being extended somewhat further
forward in the middle, with its anterior margin rounded. Head
distinetly but rather sparsely punctured in front, without raised line
or carina. Antenne three-fourths the length of the body; scape
equal in length to the third joint, slightly thickened towards the
apex, thickly punctured, asperate near the apex. Prothorax
sparsely punctured, except along the middle of the centro-notal
elevation, which is smooth, Elytra rather thickly punctured on the
basal testaceous area.
Hab. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Manilla. Type in Brit.
Mus.
Chreonoma dilecta.
Phea dilecta, Newm., The Entomologist, 1, p. 300 (1842).
@. Antenne, and the apical fifth of the elytra black ; all the rest
of the body pale yellowish-testaceous. Head almost impunctate ;
front with a very feeble median carina in its lower half. Antennz
nearly as long as the body ; first joint a little shorter than the third,
asperate over nearly the whole of its anterior face. Prothorax very
slightly protuberant at the middle of each side; the centro-notal
elevation sparsely punctured, ill defined in front, distinctly limited
behind by the backwardly deflexed part of the posterior groove.
Elytra slightly widened out posteriorly, rather thickly punctured
except near the apex.
Hab. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Manilla. Type (2) in Brit.
Mus.
In the remaining species of the genus, the scape of the
antenne is shorter than the third joint, and the last joint
is entirely pubescent and not very sharply pointed: the
prothorax is more distinctly protuberant at the middle of
each side, its anterior groove is continued across the
pronotum, its posterior groove is less strongly bowed back
in the middle, and the central elevation, lying between
these grooves, is more strongly raised.
These include C. albicornis, Pasc., C. melanura, Bate.
and C. tabida, Pasc., in addition to the following :
Chreonoma discordalis.
Astathes discoidalis, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559.
9. Head and prothorax reddish-testaceous, the elytra of a paler,
yellowish-testaceous colour ; underside, legs, and antenne, testaceous.
Head sparingly punctured. Prothorax with a slight elevation on the
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL) 5
66 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
middle of the dise between the anterior and posterior transverse
grooves; this elevation strongly and rather thickly punctured, the
lateral parts of the pronotum being less thickly punctured. Elytra
sparsely, but rather strongly, punctured for about two-thirds of their
length from the base. Scape of the antennze with two or three short
oblique ridges near the apex, the one nearest the apex being the
longest, and somewhat resembling the limiting carina of the open
cicatrice met with in the Mesosine.
Hab, Matacca. Type (Q) in coll. Oberthiir.
Chreonoma pallidwentris,
Astathes pallidiventris, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559.
Astathes egrota, Thoms., |. ¢., p. 560.
Very closely allied to (. discoidalis, Thoms., and similar to it in
colour, the only characters serving to distinguish it being the some-
what more strongly raised, and less thickly punctured, elevation on
the middle of the pronotum, and the greater number—five or six—
of the short transverse ridges forming the rasp-like roughness near
the apex of the antennal scape. In the male type the front of the
head is furnished with a cariniform tubercle similar to that
occurring in C. frontalis, Gahan, but much less strongly developed.
fab. CocHIn CuiNnA. Types in coll. Oberthiir.
The type of pallidiventris is a male, that of xgrota, a
female; and there can be no doubt that both belong to one
species.
Chreonoma nigriventris.
Astathes nigriventris, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559 (1865).
Chreonoma nigriventris, Pasc., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3)
iii, p. 360 (1867).
Hab. MALAY PENINSULA, Singapore (Wallace), Perak
(Ridley).
This species is closely allied to C. discoidalis, Thoms.,
but differs in having the metathorax and abdomen, black ;
and the centro-notal tubercle of the prothorax less closely
punctured. In the male, the head hasa strongly developed
cariniform tubercle on the middle of the front: in the
female the front of the head is somewhat gibbous in the
middle, but 1s without a tubercle or carina,
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 67
Chreonoma testacea.
Tetraophthalmus testaceus, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., 1, p. 55
(1857).
Metasternum and the first three abdominal segments blackish-
brown ; hind femora also dark brown, except at the extremities ; all
the rest of the body, including the elytra and antenne, testaceous.
In structural characters this species agrees pretty closely with C.
pallidiventris and C. nigriventris, but in the male the front of the
head is only slightly more gibbous than in the female and is without
a distinct carina or tubercle.
Hab. JAVA. Type (f) mm coll. Oberthiir.
Chreonoma punctata.
Astathes punctata, Thoms., Syst. Ceramb., p. 559.
Hab. Matacca. Type (¢ ) in coll. Oberthiir.
This species was described from a female example which
greatly resembles the female of C. testacea, Thoms., differ-
ing only in having the underside entirely testaceous.
Chreonoma frontalis.
Chreonoma frontalis, Gahan, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2)
xiv, p. 100 (1894). |
Hab. NortH INDIA and NortH BuRMA.
Chreonoma basalis.
Chreonoma basalis,Gahan, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 487.
Hab. Honea Kone,
Chreonoma comata, sp.n. (Plate IV, fig. 8.)
d. Head, antennze at the base, prothorax, and a narrow trans-
verse band at the base of the elytra, yellowish-testaceous ; rest
of the elytra violaceous-blue ; last six joints of the antenne and
the apices of the fourth and fifth, dark brown; body underneath,
and legs, testaceous, densely clothed with tawny hairs, which are
much longer and more densely placed on the sides of the
abdomen. Head rather broad and convex in front, without a
median carina, densely setose. Prothorax with the centro-notal
tubercle rather strongly raised, somewhat oval in outline, convex
above, and distinctly and closely punctured except along the middle.
Elytra rather closely punctured, with the punctures becoming
68 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
gradually smaller towards the apex ; somewhat densely setose, the
setze being longer on the basal part, shorter near the apex, black on
the violaceous area, and tawny like those of the head and thorax,
on the basal testaceous band. Antenne longer than the body ; first
joint rather short, obconical, asperate in front near the apex; joints
3rd to 8th or 9th slightly angulate at the apex on the anterior side,
the same joints with a fringe of short sets on the posterior side.
Long. 12 mm.; lat. 4 mm.
Hab. Hona Kona. Type (f) in coll. Oberthiir.
This species greatly resembles C. basalis, Gah., in size,
form and coloration, and comes from the same locality. It
differs in having the testaceous band at the base of the
elytra nearly twice as broad, the head of the male without
a frontal carina, the antennal joints slightly angulate at
the apex and more densely setose, the legs and body
underneath much more thickly covered with tawny hairs,
and these hairs very much longer, especially on the sides
of the abdomen.
Chreonoma fortuner.
Plaxomicrus fortunei, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., 1, p. 58, pl. 8,
fig. 2.
Hab. Cutna, Shanghai.
Var. japontea, var. 0.
Differs from the Chinese form in having the antenne entirely
black.
Hab. JAPAN, Kaisa, and Province of Satsuma. (In coll.
Oberthiir, and in Brit. Mus.)
Chreonoma weiser Heyden.
Abhand. Senck. Naturf. Gesellschaft, xxiii, p. 577 (1897).
Long. 8 mm.
Hab. CELEBES, Donggala.
This species is unknown to me; but since it is described
as having the suture and two costz on the posterior part
of the elytra, strongly raised, I have considerable doubt
as to its being a true Chreonoma. It seems to be very
like Astathes bipartita, Thoms., in coloration, and possibly
belongs to that genus.
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 69
Genus PLAXOMICRUS.
Plaxomicrus, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., i, p. 57 (1857).
Placomicrus (Thoms.), in Cat. Gemm. and Harold.
Head depressed between the antenniferous tubercles. Antenne
sparsely ciliate, a little longer than the body in the male, shorter
than the body in the female; first joint shorter than the third,
asperate in front at the apex ; second joint longer than broad ; last
joint more or less sharply pointed, but not glabrous at the apex.
Prothorax slightly protuberant at the middle of each side, and with
a central swelling or tubercle on the disc. Elytra more or less
strongly dilated posteriorly, attaining their greatest breadth at about
a third or fourth of their length from the apex ; broadly rounded at
the apex. Intercoxal process of prosternum very narrow in the
middle, and but slightly raised. Mesosternal process narrow and
nearly flat, prolonged between the middle coxz for the greater part
of their length. Middle tibiz bent inwards near the apex, very
strongly in the male, less strongly in- the female. Tarsal claws
appendiculate in both sexes.
Type of the genus: Plaxomicrus ellipticus, Thoms.
1. Plaxomicrus ellipticus. (Plate IV, fig. 7.)
Plaxonvcrus ellipticus, Thoms., Archiv. Ent., 1, p. 58
(iso7/) (¢ ).
Yellowish-testaceous and nitid ; with the elytra almost entirely
violaceous, the extreme basal and apical margins only being
testaceous ; the last six or seven joints of the antenne deeply
infuscate ; the tarsi, and the apices of the tibize shghtly infuscate.
Head feebly and sparsely punctured, impressed with a median
longitudinal line. Prothorax closely and rather strongly punctured
over almost the whole upper surface : the anterior transverse groove
straight and distinct across the middle as well as at the sides; the
posterior groove bent back in the middle forming a boundary to the
central tubercle. Elytra very strongly dilated behind, strongly but
sparsely punctured in their anterior half, with the interstices finely
and sparsely punctulate ; furnished above with sparsely scattered
erect sete, and along the outer margins with a fringe of short sete.
Underside rather thickly clothed with tawny sete.
¢. Antenne a little longer than the body. Middle tibie strongly
bent inwards at about one-third from the apex ; first tarsal joint of
the same legs with a long laminate process projecting in front of the
second joint and equal in length to that joint.
70 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
Q?. Antenne a little shorter than the body. Middle tibiz slightly
incurved towards the apex. Last ventral segment impressed with a
median line which widens into a shallow pit near the apex.
Hab. SHANGHAI. Type (2) in coll. Oberthiir. ¢f and
OV? ain: Brin Sivs: |
2. Plaxomicrus ventralis, sp. 0.
d. Very similar in form and structure to P. ellipticus, Thoms.,
and closely resembling it also in coloration, but distinguishable as
follows: Elytra entirely violaceous ; first four abdominal segments
black ; tarsi, apices of the tibiz, and the whole outer face of the
four front tibie, black. Head rather closely punctulate in front.
Prothorax somewhat more thickly punctured than in P. ellipticus,
especially on the centro-notal tubercle.
Long. 13 mm.; lat. (ad basin elytrorum), 4°25 mm.; lat. max., 6 mm.
Hab. Upper Tonkin, N.W. of Bao Lac (Dr. Battarel—in
coll. Oberthiir).
3. Plaxomicrus latus, sp. n.
2. Yellowish-testaceous and nitid; with the elytra almost entirely
violaceous, a small spot only at the extreme base of each adjoining
the scutellum being, like the latter, testaceous ; the last seven joints
of the antennze dark brown ; the tarsi, the apices and almost the
whole of the outer face of the tibiz, black. Head feebly and
sparsely punctured, impressed with a median line. Prothorax
distinctly, but rather sparingly punctured ; the anterior transverse
groove somewhat shallower and less distinct in the middle. Elytra
strongly dilated behind, attaining their greatest breadth at about
one-third from the apex; strongly but sparsely punctured on the
anterior half, finely and sparsely punctulate over their whole
surface ; furnished above with longer and shorter black sete, and
along the lateral margins with a fringe of short black sete. Under-
side sparsely clothed with tawny sete. Antenne reaching to the
posterior third of the elytra. Middle tibize incurved towards
the apex.
Long. 12-13 mm.; lat. (ad basin elytrorum), 5 mm.; lat. max.,
7°25 mm.
Hab. BuuTAN, Maria Basti and Pedong. Type (@) in
coll. Oberthiir.
This species is very similar in coloration to P. ellipticus,
but has a different form, the head, prothorax, and base of
the elytra being relatively broader than in that species,
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 71
and the dilatation of the elytra behind not so great in
proportion to the width of the anterior parts. It differs
also in having the prothorax more sparsely punctured, and
the anterior transverse groove shallower and less distinct
in the middle.
4. Plaxomicrus oberthurt, sp. 0.
2. Pale testaceous-yellow, and nitid; with the elytra in their
basal half, excepting a spot on each side of the scutellum, violaceous ;
the last four or five joints of the antenne, the tarsi, and the outer
faces of the tibize more or less deeply infuscate. Head very minutely
punctulate, marked also with some larger sparsely scattered punctures
both on the front and vertex. Prothorax slightly nitid, strongly and
closely punctured on the centro-notal tubercle and in the transverse
groove in front of it; the centro-notal tubercle slightly flattened
on top. Elytra gradually and not strongly dilated behind ; sparsely
punctured on the basal violaceous area; the hind margin of this
area indented at the suture and also, but less strongly, at about the
middle of the width of each elytron ; sete sparsely scattered above,
aggregated at the lateral margins to form a short black fringe.
Antenne reaching to the apical third of the elytra. Middle tibix
very feebly curved. Last ventral segment impressed with a median
line, flattened and scarcely depressed .in the middle before the apex.
Long. 12 mm.; lat. ad basin elytrorum, 4 mm.; lat. max. 5°5 mm.
Hab. Assam, Khasia Hills, 2000’. Type in coll. Oberthiir.
This species, though having the elytra less dilated
posteriorly, and the middle tibize but very slightly curved,
agrees pretty closely in other points of structure with the
typical forms of Plaxomicrus, and I have, therefore, placed
it in this genus rather than in Chreonoma towards which
it shows an approximation in general form.
Genus LASIOPHRYS, gen. nov.
¢. Head very broad, flattened in front, widest between the lower
lobes of the eyes, furnished with a short fringe of hairs just above
the upper margin of each of these lobes; labrum short, broad,
attached by an equally short and broad membranous epistome to the
clypeal margin ; mandibles broad, flattened in front. Antenne a
little longer than the body; first joint shorter than the third and
fringed with short hairs underneath; last joint somewhat obtusely
pointed, and not glabrous, at the apex. Prothorax with a slight
protuberance at the middle of each side followed by a groove which
extends upwards to, and widens out at, the side of a centro-notal
hy4 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of
elevation ; the latter somewhat oblong in form, limited behind by
the narrow basal groove, and continued uninterruptedly to the
anterior margin in front. Elytra about twice as long as their con-
joint width at the base, slightly widened out posteriorly and broadly
rounded at the apex. Sternal processes as in Chreonoma. Claws of
tarsi strongly toothed at the base.
2. Head a little less broad, slightly convex in front, and without
a fringe over the lower lobe of each eye; mandibles narrower, and
slightly convex in front. Antenne shorter than the body, and with-
out a fringe under the first joint. Last ventral segment longer,
impressed with a line along the middle, and a shallow pit near
the apex.
Lasiophrys latifrons, sp.u. (Plate IV, fig. 10.)
¢. Head and prothorax yellowish- or reddish-testaceous in colour,
with the apex and inner edge of the mandibles black ; basal half of
elytra black, the rest yellowish ; antennz testaceous, with the last
four or five joints dark brown ; body underneath yellowish-testaceous,
with the meta-thorax, especially at the sides, more or less reddish-
brown ; legs black, with all the coxee, and the anterior face of the
front femora, testaceous. Head widened upwards from the base to
the lower lobes of the eyes, and as wide there as the elytra in their
widest part, sparsely punctured with rather small unequal-sized
punctures, marked with a dark longitudinal line, which becomes
slightly raised, forming a short carina, on the crown ; antenniferous
tubercles feebly raised, with the broad front between them slightly
concave ; mandibles rugosely punctured in front except at the edges.
Prothorax strongly and rather thickly punctured on the centro-notal
elevation. Elytra sparsely punctured.
Q. Antenne reaching to the apical third of the elytra; last ventral
segment with an impressed line along the middle.
Long. 16-18, lat. 6 mm.
Hab. BHUTAN, Maria Basti. (In coll. Oberthiir, and in
Brit. Mus.)
Genus MomiIsIs.
Momisis, Pase., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) ui, p. 361
(1867).
Type. Jf. zgrota, Pasc., |. ¢., p. 362, pl. xvi, fig. 4.
This genus was founded for a single species represented
only by one female specimen. The male of the same, or
a very closely allied, species has been described by Ritsema
under the name of Bacchisa nigriventris (Notes), Leyden
Astathes and allied Genera of Longicorn Coleoptera. 73
Mus, iii, p. 7). Though Mr. Ritsema subsequently pointed
out (I. c. p. 82) that his species was founded upon the
male sex of Momisis xgrota, he seems still later to
have altered his opinion in regard to the identity of the
two species, for in a list published in the ‘Notes,’
vol. x, p. 253, he gives them as being distinct, referring
both, as well as two other species described by him, to the
genus Bacchisa.
Bacchisa coronata, Pasc.—the type of Bacchisa—is, how-
ever, distinguished from all these species by characters
which seem to me to be of more than specific importance,
and I, therefore, retain Momisis as a distinct genus. The
two genera agree in general form, in sternal characters,
and in the fact that the male is furnished with tufts of
hairs on the sides and vertex of the head; but they are
distinguishable as follows :
Scape of the antenne scarcely reaching to the middle of the
prothorax, much shorter than the third joint ; tarsal claws very
feebly or not at all appendiculate at the base.—Baccuisa, Pasc.
Scape of the antenne reaching beyond the base of the prothorax,
almost, or quite, as long as the second and third joints together ;
tarsal claws distinctly appendiculate in both sexes.—Momis!s, Pasc.
Momisis melanura, sp.n. (Plate IV, fig. 11.)
d. Testaceous, with the antenne, the apical sixth of the elytra,
the abdomen and tarsi black. Head with a long tuft of tawny hairs
on the vertex between the antenne, another on each side placed
obliquely between the lower lobe of the eye and the antennary tuber,
and one smaller in front of each of the antennary tubers; lower
part of the front with a concave shovel-like process, which projects
downwards in front of the mandibles ; upper part of front with a
sharp median ridge which is more strongly raised at its upper (or
posterior) end. Prothorax nearly parallel-sided, slightly narrowed
towards the base, clothed with a faint tawny pubescence, and without
tubercle or elevation on the disc. Elytra rather thickly punctured,
the punctures being tolerably large from the base to the middle, and
becoming gradually smaller and less distinct posteriorly ; clothed
with tawny pubescence and erect tawny setze on the testaceous part,
with black pubescence and setze on the apical black area. Antenne
twice as long as the body ; the first joint nearly equal in length to
the second and third together, fringed with long tawny hairs on
anterior side near the base, with shorter black hairs on both sides for
the greater part of its length ; third joint with long hairs on posterior
74 Mr. Charles J. Gahan’s Revision of Astathes, ete.
side. Metasternum slightly black along the outer margins ; middle
and hind tibia: somewhat blackish at apex.
Long. 105, lat. 3 mm.
Hab. NORTH QUEENSLAND, Bellenden Ker (B. G. Rye).
Type ¢ in Brit. Mus.
This species is distinguished from the other species of
Momisis by the much greater length of the male antenne,
these organs being twice as long as the body, whereas in
M. wigrweniris, Rits., they are very little more than half
as long again as the body, and in JL. stngularis, Rits., are
only equal to the body in length.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Fig. 1. Astathes posticata, sp. n.
2. " bella, sp. 0.
3 ry perversa, sp. 1.
4, ae fulgida, Fab.
5. ai nitens, Fab.
6. =F cincla, sp. 1.
7. Plaxomicrus ellipticus, Thoms, ¢.
8. Chreonoma comata, sp. n, ¢.
9, Anastathes biplagiata, sp. n., 2.
10. Lasiophrys latifrous, sp. n., ¢.
11. Momisis melamura, sp. n., 4.
a
“I
Or
7
IV. Butterflies of the Lebanon. By Mary DE LA BECHE
NicHou., F.ES., with a Preface and Notes by
Henry Joun Ewes, F.RS, F.LS., ete.
[Read November 21st, 1900.]
[Mrs. NicHoLi has asked me to examine the butterflies
which she collected in Syria, and to make some remarks on
them. I have done this very imperfectly, because the Syrian
butterflies are worse represented in my collection than
those from most parts of the Palearctic region, and indeed
seem to be less known. Except the species which have
been collected by Zach near Beyrout, and those which Mr.
Leech procured through a- native collector, ten or twelve
years ago, from North Syria, no list or account of which has
been published, few Syrian butterflies have reached England.
Consul] Paulus of Jerusalem has printed privately a list of
Palestine Lepidoptera, and Freiherr von Kalchberg has in
Iris X, p. 161, published a list of Lepidoptera from Haifa ;
but no one apparently had made a systematic attempt at
collecting in the higher parts of the Lebanon until Mrs.
Nicholl went there. I have received a small collection, sent
by Prof. Day of Beyrout, to Miss Sharpe, which contains
several species that Mrs. Nicholl did not find, and I have no
doubt that there are more to be discovered in the higher
northern parts of the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon. Dr.
Staudinger has described briefly in the new edition of his
catalogne several varieties from Syria and the Lebanon, but J
do not know from whom they were procured, and a much
larger series than I possess is necessary to enable me to
identify some of the Lycenidze found by Mrs. Nicholl as
certainly as I should wish. The following notes must be
considered therefore as provisional only, and if Iam able
to carry out my intention of visiting the Lebanon this year,
I shall hope to make a complete list of the Syrian
butterflies later—H. J. ELwes.]
VerRY little is known of the butterflies of Syria. A
catalogue exists of Lepidoptera taken by the German
Consul, near Jerusalem ; and another, printed by Lederer,
enumerates the Lepidoptera taken by Franz Zach fifty
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL)
76 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
years ago, this collector however seems to have confined
his researches to the coast and immediate neighbourhood
of Beyrout. The ranges of Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon
have been practically unknown to European collectors, so
I determined to spend May and June in the district. I
had hoped for the advantage of Mr. Elwes’ companionship,
but a sudden outbreak of plague at Port Said interfered
so seriously with his journey to Beyrout, and quarantine
regulations made travelling so difficult, that he was com-
pelled to give up the expedition, which would probably
have produced a far more complete collection had I had
the advantage of his assistance. J have given the heights
of the principal peaks of both the Lebanon and the Anti-
Lebanon. I ascended all the southern summits of any note,
but time failed me for the highest, the most northerly, and
the most interesting—Dahr el Khotib, 9500 feet, at the
northern end of the range of Lebanon.
The two ranges run exactly parallel to each other, in a
northerly and southerly direction, and are divided by the
high and fertile plain of the Bekdéa; which is from ten to
fifteen miles in width, and forms the watershed of the
rivers Orontes and Litany. Seen from the Bekaa, the two
mountain chains resemble one another most curiously,
rising gradually from the plain in long stony ridges, seamed
with steep gullies, generally running east and west down
to the Bekda. These gullies are still filled with snow at the
higher elevations in May and early June, giving a peculiar
striped appearance to both Hermon and the high Lebanon
peaks. Neither range falls precipitously towards the
Bekaa, and the lower foothills are often chalk, the higher
mountains are limestone, with some kind of red sandstone
formation cropping up in many places. ‘The limestone
ridges are terribly dry, except where the elevation is
sufficient to ensure snow-fed streams during most of the
year, but the red sandstone valleys are well watered and
fertile. The western face of Lebanon presents a striking
contrast to the eastern, the mountains fall very steeply from
an elevation of from 5000—9500 feet to the sea-level, and
the streams cut their way through precipitous and almost
inaccessible gorges downwards. This steep western face of
the range is favoured with much more rain, mist, and wind
than falls to the share of the eastern side ; grass, shrubs
and trees flourish (but the latter are generally cut down
before they attain any size).
Butterflies of the Lebanon. Pi
Notwithstanding these advantages, I believe there are
more butterflies to be had on the barren inland slopes
than in the wind-swept gorges of the western side.
Insects do not thrive in the salt gales and mists that drift
perpetually up to Dahr el Khotib and Djebel Sunnin, and
except on the hot sea-coast where some of the tenderer
butterflies occur, | think more variety is to be obtained
further eastwards.
Of the northern part of the Lebanon I am unable to
speak. It certainly differs considerably from the southern
districts, and Dahr el Khotib produces at least one
definitely alpine butterfly, Pieris callidice, which was
taken on its summit by Prof. Day in July, and which I
failed to find on Hermon, June 8th, and on Djebel Sunnin
on June 19th.
I arrived at Beyrout April 28th, and received much
kindness and hospitality from our Consul-General and Mrs.
Drummond Hay. The Consul put me in charge of an
excellent dragoman, who attended to all my wants and
wishes during my travels, so that I never had the smallest
difficulty in carrying out my plans. I also had the great
good fortune to make acquaintance with Prof. and Mrs.
Day (of the American College at Beyrout), and received
much assistance and information from them. They are both
Lepidopterists, and have a very interesting local collection of
insects taken near Beyrout, and also a good many species
from the Lebanon. But college work detains the Professor
in Beyrout till mid July, so that they can do nothing in the
mountains during the early summer.
I found that I was too late for D. apollinus, H. damone,
and #. belemia, all of which are common along the coast.
They do not appear to go high up into the mountains, as
I entirely failed to get any.
After making several excursions round Beyrout, along
the fertile irrigated strip between the mountains and the
sea, to Dog River glen, and to Brummana,—a summer
resort about 3000 feet above the sea, and too near
it to be good for insects,—I took train for Damascus on
May 6th in very cold wet weather, which lasted tiil the 10th.
Returning to Beyrout, I halted for a day at Zebedani (on
the railway), and Blouden in the Anti-Lebanon. The
latter is a mountain village and health resort, 4500 feet
high, beautifully situated on the flank of Djebel Chekif.
I found this a good place for butterflies, and returned here
78 Mary de la. Beche Nicholl on
later. On both occasions I took species which I did not
meet with elsewhere. I then went to Beit Chabab, a
Lebanon village, where my dragoman lived, and thence
we started with tents on May 17th, and crossed the main
ridge of Lebanon to Zableh by a pass between Dyebel
Sunnin and Djebel Keneysseh.
On the eastern slope of Djebel Keneysseh I took a good
many interesting butterflies, all of which, however, I met
with later. Weather continued very cold and windy, but
it improved as we worked our way slowly northwards,
along the foothills on the eastern face of Lebanon. We
were several days reaching Ain Aata, a well-known halting
place on the direct track from Baalbek to the Cedars. I[
made many interesting captures on this route, of which
the most remarkable were #. charlonia, Th. myrtale, C.
asabinus, CO. ochimus, and C. thersamon, var. omphale, Lycena
semiargus, var. Antiochena and var. Bellis, L. anteros, vay,
crassipuncta, and L. isawrica. From Ain Aata I rode to
the Cedars, across the high main ridge of Lebanon, return-
ing same day (May 27th). There was still much snow on
the pass, and no butterflies out above 5000 feet, so I
resolved to give up the higher Lebanon for the present, and
to try the lower range of the Anti-Lebanon and Hermon.
Near Baalbek, in cornfields on chalk hills, I took the first
specimens of an unknown Lycxna with orange spots on the
upper side of the hind-wings. This insect frequents chalk,
as all my specimens well marked with orange on the upper
side were taken in cornfields on the chalk. Here, too, I
got a specimen of L. loewtt. ;
From Baalbek I crossed a very wild, mountainous
district, where butterflies were abundant, to the old Roman
road leading southwards to Damascus. This we followed
to Zebedani and Blouden, and I went up Djebel Chekif,
7000 feet high, where I found a good deal of snow (it was the
first week of June), and no butterflies except P. megera and
Vanessa urticx, var. turcica. But Blouden and Zebedani
again proved good collecting ground, and here I caught
V. polychloros, Par. roxclana, and L. theophrastus, none of
which I ever saw elsewhere. We then turned southwards
to Hermon, and rode for several days across low rocky
limestone mountains, quite treeless and much overgrazed,
but cultivated more or less in the hollows. I took a good
many butterflies on this route, of which Sat. pelopea and
Sat. actea, var. hadjina, were the most remarkable. The
Butterflies of the Lebanon. 79
former is common, but the latter I never met with except
on the flanks of Hermon, rather high up. We now had
a sirocco, which blew for five days, and was most exhaust-
ing to man and beast; even the butterflies were lazy, and
would not fly freely. I did not get many new species
along these western valleys of Hermon. Most of the
mountain was limestone, but in some places we came across
the red sandstone, with well-watered valleys and oleanders
in full bloom along the streams. In these favoured spots
I found Cigaritis acamas flying Im some numbers, but all
in very bad order. I failed to get any perfect specimen.
The ascent of Hermon (8750 feet) on June 7th was dis-
appointing from an entomological point of view; only a
few very common insects were to be found on the broad,
stony plateau which forms the summit, and the gullies on
the way up and down were hardly remunerative. Many
of them were full of snow. JZ. tsawrica was the most
interesting insect [ took, and there were very few butter-
flies of any kind to be had. I saw several P. mnemosyne,
in bad order. The heat was now so intolerable that I
returned across the Bekaa to the Lebanon, where I found
cloud and cold sea breezes again. We encamped for
several days at a very nice place called Khan Sunnin,
situated on the western slope of Djebel Sunnin, about
6000 feet above the sea. This is good butterfly ground,
asthe grazing is reserved for cattle and horses, and no
sheep and goats allowed till late in the year, over a con-
siderable tract of mountain, but here I again came in for
much wind and cold sea-fog, which did not favour collecting,
I went up Djebel Sunnin (8800) June 18th in brilliant
weather, and again found the butterflies on the summit
disappointing ; there was nothing new to be had though I
took a good many insects of various kinds about 1500 feet
lower down, From Khan Sunnin we went two days’
journey northwards to Afka, riding across a_ beautiful
mountain country, but all terribly overgrazed. For hours
I scarcely saw a flower or a fresh green leaf, or a butterfly.
Only the cornfields, generally ill cultivated and full of
weeds, afford a haven for the insects. A field of green
corn will generally produce something of interest to the
collector, and no one ever seems to object to a chase in the
corn so long as it remains green. The only places where
many species of butterfly can be looked for after the end
of May, are those tracts of mountain where the grazing is
80 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
reserved for the cattle, and for late summer, and if you
have a good dragoman, he will find out from the country
people where such spots are to be found, and encamp there ;
when a good bag is easily and speedily made. Near Afka
we again encamped in such an oasis, and I had two good
days collecting, June 20th and 21st, my last in Syria.
Here I took P. ergane, the only specimens I got in this
country. On the 22nd of June I had to ride to Beyrout
in order to catch the direct steamer for Europe, such
steamers being few and far between during quarantine.
I much regret that I did not revisit the Cedars and explore
the Dahr el Khotib district, but the northern Lebanon is
too cold for butterflies before June 20th, the sheep do not
go up to the highest pastures till June 15th or 18th, and
as I was obliged to leave Syria a full week sooner than I
had intended, Dahr el Khotib had to be given up.
1. Papilio podalirvus.
At Brummana and around Beyrout, not very common.
2. P. machaon.
At Brummana and near Beyrout, not common. All I
took were damaged.
3. Doritis apollonia.
(Abundant at Ain Zohatta early in April, but not seen
by Mrs. Nicholl. Most of the specimens have the blackish
border on the hind-wing more developed than in the Asia
Minor form, and thus come near the var. bellargus, Stgr.,
but are not so dark as those from Antioch.—H. J. E.)
4, P. mnemosyne.
Lebanon, Djebel Keneysseh, and Hermon, not very
common anywhere, about 4000 feet. (The specimens
have the spots of the cell small, and the black mner
margin narrower than in any others I have seen.—
H. J. E)
5. P. apollo. |
(Not found by Mrs. Nicholl, but a large form most like
var. stbirica, Nordm., was sent to Mr. Leech from North
Syria.— H. J. E.)
Butterflies of the Lebanon. 81
6. Thais cerisyt.
Zebedani, Jedideh near Damascus, Brummana, April and
May,common. At Khan Sufi, in mid June, and 6000 feet,
common. I found the larva of a Zhais of some sort,
nearly full fed, feeding on the aristolochia in great
numbers. It sheltered between two leaves, which it spun
together during the hottest sunshine. I tried to rear some,
but entirely failed in getting any to go into chrysalis before
I left Syria. (Seems widely distributed in Syria, both on
the coast, where it is found in April, and at Damascus, and
in the Anti-Lebanon, where Mrs. Nicholl took itin May. I
have also specimens from North Syria, Aintab and Malatia,
which are catalogued by Staudinger as var. deyrollet, Ob.,
which he distinguishes as “tricaudata.” None of these,
however, are more strikingly tricaudate than my specimens
from the Balkans, which are typical cerisyi, or than those
from Broussa and Greece. I therefgre am inclined to look
upon the name of Deyrollet as useless.—H. J. 1.)
7. G. rhamna, var. farinosa.
Common among the foothills on the eastern side of
Lebanon, and in the valleys of Hermon. I also took it at
Atfka, on the west side of Lebanon, flying with G. cleopatra,
var. antonia. (This species seems constantly distinct from
rhamni, though not easy to distinguish, except by the
scales of the fore-wings, which, according to Petens, Berlin
Knt. Society, 1885, p. 165, are distinct in the two sexes.
Cf. Stgr. in Hor. Ent. Ross., xiv., 1899, p. 5G (Gn separata).
I have specimens from Greece, Asia Minor, and Turkestan,
which agree with one from Hermon in the male being of
a paler colour, especially on the underside, than rhamnz.
Both species occur in Greece, and at Amasia, vide
Staudinger.—H. J. I.) }
8. G. cleopatra, var. taurica (Stgr.), antonia, Butl. Ann.
Mag., 1885, p. 408.
Common in the western valleys of Lebanon. (Speci-
mens from Beyrout and Damascus and Galilee belong to
this form, and agree with males from the Taurus in
having the fore-wing of the male paler than in typical
cleopatra. My nine specimens, however, do not average
larger than the type, as Stgr. says, and I cannot
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL) 6
82 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
distinguish the females from those of the typical form.—
H. J. E.)
9. Aporia crategt.
Common all through the eastern side of Lebanon and
Anti-Lebanon at 3000 feet and upwards. But has not
been taken by me on the western side of Lebanon, and is
probably an insect which dislikes sea air.
10. Colias edusa.
Common everywhere. (Taken on Hermon and the
Lebanon at 5000 feet, and higher by Mrs. Nicholl.
C. awrorina, var. libanotica, This species must be found
either later in the season, or further north than Mrs. Nicholl
travelled, and does not seem to have been found by any
recent collector.—H. J. E.)
ll. C. edusa, var. helice.
Not uncommon.
12. Preris callidiee.
(Not taken by Mrs. Nicholl. A pair taken on the top
of the Cedar Mountains (Dahr el Khotib) on August 18th,
by Prot. Day, are perhaps referable to the var. chrysidice,
H.S., from Asia Minor, and the Caucasus, but the
distinctive characters mentioned by Stgr. both for this,
and for the var. orientalis, are inconstant, and I cannot
judge of it properly from two specimens.—H. J. E.)
13. P. brassice.
Common in gardens. (Specimens taken by Dr. Day
at Beyrout, in August, are neither larger, nor have they
larger spots, as in the supposed var. catoleuca ober,
which Staudinger catalogues from Asia Minor, and Syria,
as “var. (gen. vst ?).” They have, however, the underside
whiter than in any specimens in my collection, and almost
entirely free from black scales. It is remarkable that the
hot climate of Beyrout has not affected the coloration of
this species in at all the same way as in the Canary
Islands.—H. J. E.)
14. P. rape.
Common in gardens, and on the mountains. (Taken
at Beyrout by Dr. Day in May.—H. J. E.)
Butterflies of the Lebanon. 83
15. P. napr.
One bad specimen only at Zebedani, early in May.
(Belongs to the first generation—H. J. E.)
16. P. daplidice.
Universally common. (Var. raphani (Esp.), one speci-
men from Djebel Sunnin.—H. J. E.)
iia ke. ergane.
Two specimens near Afka, June 21st. Probably not
uncommon there, second brood would be just coming out
at that date. (This species has not, I believe, been
recorded from Syria.—H. J. E.)
18. Huchloe belemra.
(Taken by Mrs. Day at Sidon in April, but not by
Mrs. Nicholl.—H. J. E.)
19. EH. belia,
Not uncommon along the coast, but scarce inland. I
took it only at Zebedani and near Damascus, May.
20. L. charlonia (Donz), var. penia (Freyer).
Not common, but widely distributed in the Anti-Lebanon
and inland districts. I saw none on the west side of
Lebanon. I took four specimens, viz. two at Bluden, one
near Chemoustar, east side of Lebanon, in May, and one
in June, about 5000 feet up; on a foothill of Hermon I
saw about four others, in various places. (A specimen
taken at Ain Zohatta in April, by Mrs. Day, and others
taken by Mrs. Nicholl are paler than the var. mesopotamica,
Ster., from Malatia, which he catalogues as a summer form,
but not so pale as the var. transcaspica (Staud.), and
must be referred to the form Penia (Freyer), which Stgr.
catalogues from Pontus and Kurdistan as a spring form,
which the dates of capture show to be the case in Syria.
The discoidal spot of the underside below is pale, as in
mesopotamica and L. tomyris, not dark, as in transcaspica,
lucilla and charlonia.—H. J. E.)
21, HL. damone.
(Taken by Mrs. Day at Ain Zohatta, April 8th. Not
seen by Mrs. Nicholl.—H. J. E.)
84 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
22. H. gruners.
(Received by Mr. Leech from Sharderesy in North
Syria, not taken by Mrs. Day or Mrs. Nicholl.—H. J. E.)
23. #. cardamines.
‘One female taken at Brummana in April. I saw several
males, and neglected them. It is, I believe, a common
coast insect. [ never saw any inland; but in June, on
Djebel Sunnin, about 6000 feet, I saw three fine males,
which I failed to catch. (A pair taken at Dauniv (near
Beyrout), by Mrs. Day belong to the var. Phenissa
(Kalchberg), Iris, x, p. 163, in which the orange of the
fore-wing does not go beyond the discoidal black spot, as
in ab. 7urritis, and the underside of the hind-wing is less
marked with green and yellow scales. This form seems
fairly constant in Syria.—H. J. EH.)
24, DL. sinapis.
Generally common. —
25. L. duponchels.
Blouden, Ain Aata, Afka, Jedideh, near Damascus, not
uncommon. (Fresh specimens of the first brood seem
yellower than any others in my collection.—H. J. E.)
26. L. camilla,
Common along the coast. Also in the valleys of Hermon.
27. Pyrameis atalanta.
Brummana, April, common along the coast. (Speci-
mens were raised from larvae found by Mrs. Day at Afka,
July 23rd, exactly like those taken in Europe.—H. J. E.)
28. P. cardwu.
Common.
29. V. wrtica, var. turcica.
Ain Aata, Djebel Chekif (above Blouden), top of
Hermon, top of Djebel Sunnin. Common on all high
mountains, and replaces type, which I never saw in Syria.
30. V. polychloros.
Zebedani only, early June.
Butterflies of the Lebanon. 85
31. Polygonia egea.
Brummana, Common along the coast, April. (Speci-
mens taken at Afka by Mrs. Day, August 4th, belong to
the summer brood, J. Album ; those taken by Mrs. Nicholl
are of the spring brood.—H. J. E.)
32. Melitxa didyma.
Common everywhere. (The specimens vary extremely,
and there is much difference in size and colour between
the sexes ; they resemble the var. persea (Koll.), which has
a wide distribution in Western Asia, and is typically small,
and the males little spotted.—H. J. E.)
33. M. phoebe.
Common everywhere, always small, and a pale var.
often met with. (The specimens are most like the
Algerian var. punica (Obth.), but the bands of hind-wing
below not so pale.—H. J. E.)
34, H. trivia.
Generally common, 3000—5000 feet, Hermon, Lebanon,
Brummana. Specimens all small. (The specimens are
not so small as the European var. xana, but resemble most
the form from Turkestan, Catapelia (Stgr.).—H. J. E.)
35. I. cinvia.
Notcommon. Above Blouden, about 5500 feet, very small
and pale, with spots on the margin of hind-wing almost
obliterated. Also on Djebel Keneysseh about 4500 feet.
May. (Some of Mrs. Nicholl’s specimens are identical
with those taken on Demavend, North Persia; which
Gium-Grshimailo called var. amardea, of which Staud-
inger says, “viz nominanda.” That is true, but it applies
with equal truth to a large proportion of the varieties of
Melitea, which he and others have named.—H. J. E.)
36. Argynnis lathonia.
Common.
37. A. pandora.
Blouden, Hermon Valleys, Lebanon. Not uncommon.
38. A. niobe, var. eris,
Very common on all the higher mountains, but not
86 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
taken below 4000 feet. Specimens all small, and rather
tinged with green underneath.
39. D. chrysippus.
Common along the irrigated strip of fertile land along
the coast from Beyrout to Dog River. I saw it every time
I passed that way, from end of April to June 22nd.
40. MM, trtea.
Common all along the coast and along the west slope of
Lebanon as high as Afka. I took it end of April at the
mouth of Dog River, and then saw it no more till I
returned to the western face of the Lebanon in June. Very
common near Afka, which is the head water of Dog River
in June.
41, MW, larissa.
Very common in May and June in all the inland
districts. I never took it on the western face of Lebanon.
(M. titea, var. titania, Calb. Iris, iv, 1891, p. 41; Rom.
Mem. vi, p. 15. Judging from the numerous specimens
taken by Mrs. Nicholl, these have as much right to be
considered distinct species as several other nearly allied
Melanargias,
M. titania, which Mrs. Nicholl mistook for Jarissa, has
not, as far as I know, been recognised in Syria, but
agrees with my specimens from Aintab, and with the
plate in Romanoff’s Memoirs, and seems constant. It is
easily distinguished from the coast form titea by the much
narrower black border on both wings above, and by the
well-marked marginal spots, which are reduced to roundish
dots in ¢itea.—H. J. E.)
42. Satyrus hermione, L.
One specimen in May in a mulberry garden on Lebanon ;
it 1s very common along the coast, later. (Two females
taken by Mrs. Day at Kl Frat on October 10th do not
show the character by which Staudinger distinguishes his
var. syriaca, which is said to have the hind-wings below
more unicolorous than type.—H. J. E.)
43, S. telephassa,
Universally common, May and June.
44, S. authe.
Universally common, June.
Butterfltes of the Lebanon. 87
45. S. pelopea.
Not quite so common, mid June.
46. S. semele, var. mersina.
Common on Lebanon in June.
47. S. actea, var. hadjina.
Only on the higher foothills of Hermon, June. (Var.
hadjina, Heyne-Ruhl. The specimens brought by Mrs.
Nicholl seem to come nearest to this form, from Armenia,
but have only one ocel/ws on the fore-wing below—which,
if constant, might serve to separate them. There are,
however, already too many named forms of this species,
which do not seem very constant.—H. J. E.)
48, Yphthima asterope.
Very common near the coast. I never took any in the
mountains.
49, Hpinephele jurtina, Linn. (Janira), var. (2 bona sp.),
telmessia, Zell.
Very common everywhere, and has a curious habit of
sitting on the bare earth which Janzra never does. April,
May, and June. (This appears to me, as it did to Staud-
inger in 1879, though he now treats it as a var. of
jurtina, to be a good species. Lederer, however, as
quoted by Staudinger, says that there are intermediate
forms. All my numerous males from Syria, Armenia, and
the Taurus seem distinct from jwrtina in size, colour, and
shape, and in the different form of the sexual brand.
The females are not so distinct, but as Staudinger says
that both ¢elmessia and jurtina are found in Anatolia and
Cyprus, this is an additional reason for treating it as a
species.—H. J. E.)
50. LH. lycaon.
Common. Hermon and Lebanon, 3000—5000 feet, June.
(This should be a form which has been described by
Staudinger as follows—“ var. Libanotica, magnitudine
Lycaonis, multo pallidior, 2 al. ant. fere totis pallrde ochracers
al. post. (f et-2) subtus albido-grisers.” I have a specimen
from Staudinger from the Lebanon, so named, which
conforms to the description, but one from Afka taken by
88 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
Mrs. Day, in August, is much larger and darker, and three
of Mrs. Nicholl’s from Hermon are as dark on both surfaces
as any in my collection. This variety therefore is clearly
not constant enough to be named.—H. J. E.)
51. Pararge roxclana.
Two specimens only. Zebedani, June. I saw no more.
52, P. egeria.
Not common. Dog River, Afka, Damascus, May and
June. (A pair from Afka, taken by Mrs. Day, m
September, and a female from Damascus, in May, are of
the southern form. ‘Those I took at Patras, in Greece, in
May, are intermediate; those from South Russia, Podolhia
and the Caucasus, being of the paler form egerides, which as
a rule is fairly distinct. Thus it cannot be called a “forma
septentrionale,” though it occurs as far north as St. Peters-
burgh.—H. J. E.)
58. Pararge mera, vay.
Lebanon. Common. (The form found in Syria is separ-
ated by Ster. as “ var. orientalis, differt. a var. Adrasta colore
castaneo, in g etiam. al. ant. cellula med. castaneo vaspersa.”
Besides Mrs. Nicholl’s specimens, I have others from
Beyrout and North Syria, which agree fairly, but which
differ so little in either sex from German specimens taken
by myself at Kreuznach in June, that I would hardly like to
say that I could distinguish individuals among them, though
I could tell the habitat from a series. Var. Adrasta 1s
supposed to be a summer brcod, but the seasonal differences
are not at all definite in my large series from many
localities, which vary extremely.—H., J. E.)
54, P. megera.
Very common everywhere above 4000 feet; swarms on
all the highest summits in May and June.
55. Cenonympha pamphilus,
Common everywhere. I did not take var. lyllws, which
probably occurs later. (Mrs. Day sent a pair of very worn
specimens of lyllus,—H. J. E.)
56. Thecla spine.
Common at low elevations, Dog River, foothills of —
Butterflies of the Lebanon. 89
Lebanon, and Hermon, Afka. Var. A/elantho replaces type,
or nearly so, on the higher mountains, common on Lebanon
and Hermon. (From Mrs. Nicholl’s specimens I cannot
distinguish two forms of this species, “subtus pallidior,
longius caudata,’ which is Stegr.’s definition of melantho ;
does not seem to be a well-marked character in those
taken at higher elevations, or in those that I had before
from Beyrout.—H. J. E.)
Be, Phy iticts.
Not very common. Hermon and Lebanon Valleys.
Var. caudatula occurs with type. Not uncommon. (All
ny specimens from Asia Minor and Syria seem to have
somewhat longer tails than those from Germany, Bulgaria,
and Greece, but the difference is triflng.—H. J. E.)
58. Th. acacix, var. abdominalis,
(Specimens taken on the Lebanon and at Hassan
Niha by Mrs. Nicholl belong to this form, the differences
of which “subtus pallidior al. ant. angulo analt plaga
fusca,” seem trifling and inconstant.—H. J. E.)
59, Th. rubt.
Lebanon and Hermon ranges. Common at 6000 feet,
May and June. (A specimen from Blouden, like one I
have from North Syria, agrees with the var. swa veola from
Turkestan described by Ster. as “major, subtus pallidior
al. post. acaudatis.”” I have no Turkestan specimens for
comparison, and as there were none in the Grum-Grshi-
mailo collection, I suppose it is rare there. A pair from
North Persia, taken by Christoph, are much like this, but
one taken by Mrs. Nicholl at the Cedars of Lebanon is like
the common form.—H. J. E.)
60. Th. myrtale.
Common on all the higher mountains, 4000—6000 feet,
May and June. (This has, since Klug described it in
1832, remained one of the least known butterflies of our
fauna, and I am not aware that any specimens have since
been obtained until Mrs. Nicholl found it. It is a distinct
species of a plain grey colour above, and the tail is very
short and inconspicuous, or wholly absent. Below, it is
erey, with a faintly marked band of white spots across the
90 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
hind-wing below, sometimes extending to the fore-wing,
and often obsolete. At the anal angle are two, sometimes
three, faintly marked yellow spots, with a black dot on the
inner edge.—H. J. E.)
61. C. ochimus.
Not uncommon. Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, 3000—
4000 feet, end of May.
62. C. thetis.
(A male taken by Prof. Day, August 8th, at the
Cedars of Lebanon. This species does not seem to have
been found in Syria since Klug’s time. It has no indication
of a tail, as in var. cwudatus, Steger. Mrs. Nicholl did not
meet with this species.—H. J. E.)
63. C. thersamon, and var. omphale, Klug.
Common everywhere: coast in April, mountains, May
and June. (The specimens taken by Mrs. Nicholl in May
and June have little or no tail in the male, and a short
one in the 2 sex. Those taken at Beyrout in September
have tails of considerable length, showing that this is, as
Stgr. says, a summer or rather autumn brood. Podolian
speciméns in Grum’s collection show the same difference.
—H. J. E.)
64. C. asabinus.
Not uncommon east side of Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon,
May and June.
65. C. phleas.
Not very abundant, but generally distributed.
66. C. dorilis.
Rare, only a few taken on Lebanon, 4000—5000 feet,
May. (A ¢ specimen was taken by Prof. Day at the
Cedars in August.—H. J. E.) |
67. Cigaritis acamas,
Not uncommon in valleys near Hermon, June, 4000
feet. Taken abundantly later in summer in the Lebanon.
(Taken at Beyrout by Prof. Day, September 4th.—
H. J. E.)
Butterflies of the Lebanon. OF
68. Lampides betiea.
Common in the Lebanon, 2000—6000 feet, April to
June.
69. L. gamra.
Not common. I took very few, and mostly bad speci-
mens, on the coast near Beyrout, April.
70. LZ. galba, Led. ?
(Mrs. Nicholl did not take this species. Prof. Day
sends a pair of what has stood for many years in my col-
lection, and is generally called galba, Led., but which, on
referring to Lederer’s plate in Zool. Bot. Verein. Wein.,
1855, t. 1, fig. 4, 1s clearly not the insect figured by him.
He says of it “above hardly difters from /ysimon,” and this
is the case with the so-called galba also, which so nearly
agrees with lysimon taken by myself at Biskra in Algeria,
and at Ismailia in Egypt, that I cannot distinguish it.
On the underside, however, the figure of galba is very
unlike lysimon, and exactly lke the type of L. phiala,
Gr.-Gr., from Khabadian in Bokhara, of which I also have
a specimen sent me from Mergab in §.-E. Armenia by
Dr. Staudinger as phiala. The males of this are paler on
the upperside than the so-called galba, and much paler
than Lederer’s figure. Until, however, I am able to see
the Lederer types, which I believe are now in the Staud-
inger collection, [ must remain doubtful as to what to call
the lysimon like species which has hitherto passed for
galba. Lederer says that he only got eight specimens,
which were taken by Zach in company with Lysimon in
clover fields. I may add that the true /ysimon of Hiibner,
which Ster. gives as from the south of France, Andalusia,
Algeria, the Canaries, Asia Minor, India, and Africa, but
not from Syria, is put by him in the genus lycewna, and is
very close to the Indian lycena, Sangra, Moore and Indica,
Murray. My specimens from the Canaries and Granada
have the spots below much less distinct than in the Syrian
insect.—H. J. E.)
71. L. trochylus,
Common on limestone rocks, from sea-level to 5000 feet.
April to June.
92 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
72. L. theophrastus,
A single specimen Zebedani, May. (A single specimen
from Blouden, taken by Prof. Day, is, I believe, this species,
which Lederer records from Beyrout (taken by Zach);
balkanica, however, is so close that I do not know how
to distinguish them certainly.—H. J. E.)
73. Lycena argus, and var. bella, H.S.
Common above Afka in June. All the specimens very
small. (Two males from Afka seem to come nearest to
this form.-——H. J. E.)
Th. DL. loewit.
One at Baalbek, May 31st, and one in the Anti-Lebanon,
4000 feet.
75. L. astrarche.
Common above 4000 feet, Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon, and
Hermon.
76. L. panagea.
Rare. Hermon and east face of Lebanon, 4500 feet,
May and June.
77. L. anteros, var. crassipuncta, Christoph.
Common from 8000—6000 feet, Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon,
Hermon. (Though the types of this well-marked variety
from Kasikoparan in Armenia was not in Christoph’s
collection, it has been identified with it by Mr. Banghaas.
All the males taken by Mrs. Nicholl are perfectly alike,
and very different from those found in Bulgaria and Asia
Minor. This variety, however, seems to occur only locally,
as a specimen from Shah-deresey, North Syria, is inter-
mediate in colour, and those from Borjom in Armenia in
the Christoph collection are typical. The female has, like
those of ewrypilus, broad orange red bands on both wings
above.—H. J. E.)
78. L. isaurica, Ster.
Common all through the Lebanon range from 4000—
5000 feet, May and June. (Among the specimens which
Mrs. Nicholl identifies with this, were three of which I
was doubtful, and sent to Dresden. Mr. Banghaas returns
Butterflies of the Lebanon. 93
them as follows—“ Jsaurica f,” and “certainly f and 2 of
one species which I do not know.” Jsawrica is labelled
Ain Haour, and the other two from Afka and Hassan
Niha resemble candalus very much, but are of a somewhat
different shade of blue above.—H. J. E.)
79. L. candalus, H.S. ?
(Besides these are several males, some very small, from
the Cedars of Lebanon, taken by Mrs. Day, in August,
which might be candalus or eros, which latter occurs in the
Caucasus. As, however, there are no females, I cannot be
certain what they are, and must leave the identification of
them till I have more material_—H. J. E.)
80. ZL. amanda.
Very common. Hermon, Anti-Lebanon, and Lebanon,
3000 — 6000 feet. (Two females in bad condition,
from the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, are blue with a dark °
broad costal and apical border, and a marginal row of
orange red spots, which give them a very peculiar and
brilliant appearance. There is nothing hke them in my
collection, though three females from Sweden are all blue
with black marginal spots on the hind-wing above.—
H. J. E.)
81. L. poseidon, H.S.
(I am inclined to refer specimens taken at Cedars of
Lebanon in August, by Prof. Day, to this species, though
Staudinger doubtfully refers what I suppose to be the
same insect to a var. of damone, Ev. He admits no less
than twelve named forms of this very difficult species,
which I have studied very carefully, and in which my
series 1s extremely rich ; but notwithstanding this, I fail
to follow the minute distinctions which he adopts in
separating them.—H. J. E.)
82. L. bellargus, Rott., var. polonus, Zett.
Common. Anti-Lebanon and Lebanon, 3000-6000
feet. (Staudinger refers the form found in the
Lebanon to this var., which seems also to occur in East
Prussia and Aragon. Mrs. Nicholl’s specimens differ from
the type of bellargus in their colour and broader border
above, and are apparently quite as near the Caucasian form
94, Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
of corydon as they are to bellargus. The underside, though
paler than in bellargus, seems more like that than corydon.
1d, EL)
83. L. meleager, Esp.
(A pair from the Cedars, taken by Prof. Day in August,
and three from the Natural Bridge, Lebanon, show some
variation from the type, but do not agree with the short
diagnosis of the var. ignorata, Stgr. (versicolor Stgr. in
litt.), or with a specimen of this from the Taurus, though
two of them are evidently a transition to that form.—
H. J. E)
84. L. admetus, and var. ripartw, Freyer.
Very common 4000—5000 feet. Lebanon, Afka, June.
(Prof. Day took this at the Cedars and Afka in August.—
—H. J. E.)
85. L. semiargus, var. bellis, Freyer.
Not uncommon at 4000—5000 feet. Lebanon, Djebel
Keneysseh, and Djebel Sunnin. I took none on Hermon.
86. L. semiargus, var. antiochena, Led.
Four specimens only, three on the western face
of Lebanon at 3000—4500 feet, third week in May,
and one on May 31st at Baalbek, in very bad order.
Probably an early var. (Male specimens of var., bellis
agree with those I have from Asia Minor, Armenia, and
North Persia, but I have no females from Syria. A male
which I sent to Dresden is returned by Herr Banghaas as
bellis, while a pair from Lebanon taken by Mrs. Nicholl
are returned as antiochena, Led. Of these the male seems
to me more like a very small specimen of zephyrus, var.
michollt, whilst the female is undoubtedly antzochena,
which has been treated by Stgr. as a variety of semiargus,
but my Syrian specimens are not sufficient to decide
whether, as I believe, antiochena is a variety or not.
Semiargus seems to be represented in Greece and Syria
respectively by the vars. known as parnassia and bells, but
the males are not so distinct as the females, and though Mrs.
Nicholl appears to have taken the two in different localities,
as I took helena and parnassia in Greece, I must remain
in doubt as to their specific identity—H. J. E.)
Butterflies of the Lebanon. 95
87. L. cyllarus, var. wruginosa, Stgr.
Very common at Brummana and in the Lebanon,
3000—6000 feet, April to June. (The two specimens of
this brought home by Mrs. Nicholl have the hind-wings
below sutiused with green and blue extending almost to the
fringe, a character which is usual in specimens from this
region, though only occurring as an aberration in Hurope.—
88. Lycena argvolus.
Common, 3000—5000 feet, Blouden, Afka, etc.
89. L. warus.
Common, Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon. (Some of the
specimens which I refer to this species, taken at the
Cedars of Lebanon by Mrs. Day, are very small, and may
perhaps be candalus ; others trom Beyrout are more like
form persica, Bienert; others again from the higher parts
of the Lebanon are normal.—H. J. I.)
90. L. zephyrus, var.
The form with brightest orange spots on upperside of
hind-wings I took chiefly on chalk hills among green
corn at Baalbek and Blouden, end of May and first week in
June. I also got several, not so brilliant, at the Cedars of
Lebanon. But the same insect without orange spots on
the upper side is generally distributed on Lebanon and
Anti-Lebanon, from 3000—6000 feet. May and early
June. :
(Mrs. Nicholl collected a good series of this at various
places in the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, which are lke
nothing im my collection, though they come nearest tu
three specimens which were in the Grum collection from
Mesopotamia, and which were sent him by Staudinger as
zephyrus. Isent three males (from Lebanon) to Staudinger
just before his death which were returned to me by Mr.
Banghaas, labelled in one case “ Zephyrus,”’ and in the other
“ Zephyrus certain.” I have a good series of all the forms
ot zephyrus trom the Alps, Spain, and various parts of
Central Asia and Asia Minor, and have taken it myself
in Greece and Bulgaria. All the males except the three
from Mesopotamia above mentioned are distinguished by
well-marked marginal black spots on the hind-wing above,
which is not seen ou the Syrian insect, whilst not one
96 Mary de la Beche Nicholl on
of them except one of those from Mesopotamia has a
trace of the orange spots on the margin of the hind-
wing above, which is conspicuous in about half of the
Syrian males, and only absent in a few specimens.
The females above are like those of zephyrus, except that
they all have a well-marked marginal series of reddish
orange spots on both wings, above and below; which
occur in my zephyrus females only in one from Granada,
and one from Mesopotamia, though visible to some extent
on the hind-wing only, in other females.
Below, the Syrian form in both sexes is more like
zephyrus, though the pale band of arrow-head shaped marks
on the hind-wing usually, but not always, seen between the
orange and the inner series of black spots, is wanting.
Notwithstanding the variation shown by this insect, I
could recognise all, or nearly all, the specimens by the
characters mentioned, at least as well or better than any of
the other named vars. of zephyrus, and propose for it the
name of var. nichollt, in which probably the Mesopotamian
form will be included.—H. J. E.)
91. L. ewrypilus, Freyer.
(Mrs. Nicholl seems to have found this in several
places on the Lebanon and on Hermon, but did not
recognise them as distinct from the last species, of which
the females are very similar in appearance. The Syrian
form has in both sexes broader and more extended
marginal bands on both wings above, than any of those I
have from.Asia Minor and Persia.—H. J. E.)
92. Parnara mathias.
Dog River and along the coast, not common, May.
93. Hrynnis comma, Linn.
(Staudinger describes the Syrian form as “ var. pallida,”
but a pair taken by Prof. Day in August, as well as one
from N. Syria, do not show any well-marked distinction ;
though, as might be expected, all my southern and eastern
specimens are paler than those from North and Central
Kurope.—H. J. E.)
94, Spilothyrus althex.
Common, coast, Djebel Keneysseh, 4500 feet, Anti-Leba-
non, etc.
Butterflies of the Lebanon. ay
95. S. alcex.
Common below 4000 feet.
96. Syrichthus alveus.
Very common everywhere up to 6000 feet.
97. S. orbifer.
Common, Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon up to 4000 feet.
98. S. serratule.
Not very common, Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, 3000—
4000 feet.
99. S. pogger.
Not common, Damascus and Anti-Lebanon, 3000—
4500 feet.
100. S. nomas.
Common everywhere from the coast to 6000 feet, May
and June.
101. S. melotis.
Very common, coast to 5000 feet, April to June.
102. Hesperia thaumas,
Common, Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, 3000—5000
feet.
103. A. lineola.
Not so common, Hermon and Anti-Lebanon, 3000—
5000 feet.
104. H. actzon.
Not common, Dog River glen only.
105. H. nostrodamus.
I also took this species, but obtained no good specimens,
so I cannot exhibit any.
106. Nisionades marloyt.
Not uncommon, Blouden, Hermon, etc., 4000—5000
feet.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL) 7
ee
Fs
*
>
.
x =
( 99 )
V. Enumeration of the Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected
by Signor Leonardo Fea in Burma and its vicinity.
By W. L. DIsTAnrT.
Part I.
Family PENTATOMIDA.
[Read April 3rd, 1901.]
THIS enumeration refers to the whole of the Pentatomide
excepting the sub. fam. Plataspine which has already
been studied by A. L. Montandon (“Annali Museo Civico
di Storia Naturale di Genova,” vol. xxxiv, 1894, pp. 119-
144). The collection made by Sign. Fea in this Family
alone is a very representative one, and with a few specimens
collected by Capt. D. Comotto comprises no fewer than
136 species, which, with the addition of the 19 Plataspinze
enumerated by Montandon, gives a total of 155 species.
They are all contained in the Genoa Museum, and are
distributed in the following subfamilies :—
Scutellerinze 16
Graphosomine = 5
Cydninez 17 New Genera 2 New Species 4
Pentatominee wa. ; See : a ue
Asopinee fi
Tessaratominz oe. : Soar ‘ ee
Dinidorinee TQ: —. ; ‘ , ; ee |
Phyllocephaline 10 ; 2
Urolabidinze 4 1
Acanthosominz 4
136 4 1
The new genera will be figured in a forthcoming volume
of Mr. Blanford’s “Fauna of British India,” on which I
am now engaged, and which will be devoted to the order
Rhynchota.
Family PENTATOMID.
Subfamily SCUTELLERIN &.
Solenostethium rubropunctatum, Guér., Tenasserim; Mee-
tan.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL)
100 Mr. W. L, Distant’s Enumeration of the
Cantao ocellatus, Thunb., Burma; Carin, Asciuii Cheba,
1200-1300 m.
Pecilocoris latus, Dall., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m.
Pecilocoris hardwicki, Westw., Burma; Carin Cheba,
900-1100 m.
Pecilocoris drurzi, Linn., Burma; Catecin Cauri, Asciuil
Cheba, 1200-1300 m.; Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m.
Pecilocoris rufigenis, Dall., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-
1100 m.
Pecilocoris interruptus, Westw., Burma ; Carin Cheba, 900-
1100 m.
Scutellera nobilis, Fabr., Tenasserim ; Moulmein.
Brachyaulax oblonga, Westw., Burma; Bhamo, Mitanga.
Chrysocoris grandis, 'Thunb.
var. bavo, Fabr.. Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m. ;
Tenasserim ; Mt. Mooleyit, 600-1200 m.
var. pallens, A. and 8., Burma; Bhamo.
Chrysocoris stoli, Wolff, Burma ; Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m.
Bhamo, Toungoo, Pegu; Palon. Tenasserim, Tha-
gata, Malewoon.
Chrysocoris eques, Fabr., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m,
Chrysocoris fascialis, White; Burma; Carin Cheba, 900—
1100 mn.
Lamprocoris lateralis, Guér., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-
1100 m.
Lamprocoris spinigera, Dall., Burma; Catcin Cauri.
Hotea cwreulionides, Herr. Schaeff., Burma; Carin Cheba,
900-1100 m.; Burma; Bhamo. Tenasserim; Meetan.
Pegu; Palon.
Subfamily GRAPHOSOMIN 4.
Podops afinis, Hagl., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-1100.
Podops obscwra, Dall., Tenasserim ; Malewoon.
Podops coarctata, Fabr., Burma ; Rangoon, Bhamo, Teinzo.
Podops limosa, Walk., Burma; Rangoon. Tenasserim ;
Kawkareet.
Aspidestrophus lineola, Voll., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-
1100 m.
Subfamily CYDNINA.
Stibaropus callidus, Schicedte, Burma; Schwego-Myo
Toungoo, Katha, Rangoon. Pegu ; Palon.
Stibaropus minor, Walk., Burma; Katha, Bhamo.
Stibaropus molginus, Schicedte, Burma; Sheninaga.
Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected in Burma. 101
Lactistes truncato-serratus, Sign., Burma ; Rangoon, Teinzo,
Carin Cheba. ‘Tenasserim; Thagata. Pegu; Palon.
Lactistes rastellus, Schicedte, Burma; Rangoon, Toungoo,
Prome, Carin.—Minhla (Comotto). Pegu; Palon,
Tenasserim ; Thagata.
Adrisa magna, Uhler, Burma; Asciuii Ghecu. Tenasserim ;
Meetan.
Cydnaus perpunctatus, Sign, Burma; Schwego-Myo.
Pegu ; Palon.
Cydnus indicus, Westw., Burma; Teinzo.
Cydnus nigritus, Fabr.. Burma; Carin Cheba, Mandalay,
Rangoon.
Gampsotes parallelus, Sign., Burma; Toungoo, Schwego-
Myo, Rangoon, Katha. Pegu; Palon.
Macroscytus subeneus, Dall., Burma; Carin Cheba, Katha,
Schwego-Myo. Tenasserim; Thagata, Kawkareet.
Pegu; Palon.
Geotomus pygmeus, Dall., Burma; Bhamo, Toungoo, Ran-
goon, Mandalay, Shennagon, Carin Cheba, Katha,
Teinzo. Pegu; Palon.
Cydnopeltus incisus, sp. n., Burma; Teinzo,
Cydnopeltus minutus, sp. n., Burma; Asciuii Ghecu.
Nishadana tyvica, Dist., Burma; Rangoon.
Hewrnius typicus, gen. n., sp. n., Burma; Asciuii Ghecu.
Heurnius erebus, sp. n., Burma; Rangoon. Pegu, Palon.
Subfamily PENTA TOMINZA.
Dalpada oculata, Fabr., Burma; Bhamo, Carin Cheba.—
Minhla (Comotto). Tenasserim; Malewoon. Pegu ;
Palon.
Dalpada clavata, Fabr., Burma; Bhamo, Teinzo.—Minhla
(Comotto). Pegu; Palon.
Dalpadajugatoria, Leth., Burma, Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m.
Lrthesina fullo, Thunb., Burma; Mt. Heanlain. Pegu ;
Palon. |
Surenus normalis, gen. n., sp. n., Burma; Carin Cheba,
900-1100 m.
Asyla fex, sp. n., Burma; Catcin Cauri.
Lelopis unicolor, Dist., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m.
falyabbas unicolor, Dist., Burma; Metanja.
Laprius antennatus, sp. n., Burma; Asciuii Cheba.
Adnus obscurus, Dall., Burma; Bhamo. Pegu; Palon.
Ainaria elongata, Dall, Burma; Teinzo. Tenasserim ;
Kawkareet.
102 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Enumeration of the
Ochrophara montana, Dist., Burma; Bhamo, Carin Cheba.
Odius obscurus, sp. 0., Burma; Katha, Teinzo.
Plexippus fulvescens, Dall., Burma; Bhamo, Teinzo, Ran-
goon, Carin Cheba.
Plexippus vittatus, sp. un
1100 m.
Cappea taprobanensis, Dall., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900—
1100 m.
Niphe subferruginca, Westw., Burma; Asciuii Cheba.
Pegu; Palon.
Halyomorpha picus, Fabr., Burma; Asciuii Cheba. Pegu ;
Palon.
Tolumiia latipes, Dall., Burma; Bhamo, Carin Cheba.
[Adria parvula, Wall.| Burma.—Minhla (Comotto).
Aischrocoris tuberculatus, Stal., Burma; Carin Cheba,
Bhamo. Pegu; Palon.
Aischrocoris obscurus, Dali., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Kysarcoris guttigera, Thunb., Burma; Bhamo, Catcin
Cauri, Carin Cheba.—Minhla (Comotto). Tenasserim,
Plapoo, Malewoon. Pegu; Palon.
Hysarcoris ventralis, Westw., Burma; Teinzo, Yenang-
young, Bliamo.
Hysarcoris rosaceus, sp. n., Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-
1100 m.
Carbula crassiventris, Dall., Burma; Rangoon, Catcin
Cauri, Carin Cheba. Tenasserim.; Mt. Mooleyit.
Carbula scutellata, Dist., Tenasserim; Moulmein.
Carbula producta, sp. n., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Cratonotus coloratus, Dist., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Agnoscelis nubtla, Fabr., Tenasserim ; Malewoon.
Hurydema pulchra, Westw., Burina ; Teinzo, Bhamo.
Hurydema liturifera, Walk., Burma; Teinzo.
[Stenozygum speciosum, Dall.] Burma.—Muinhla (Comotto).
Cinava linbata, Fabr., Burma; Catcin Cauri. Tenasserim ;
Thagata. |
Strachia crucigera, Hahn., Burma; Teinzo, Bbhamo,
Schwego-Myo.
Alcimus coronatus, Stal, Burma; Teinzo, Bhamo; Carin
Cheba.
Hoplistodera incisa, Dist., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Hoplistodera virescens, Dall., Burma; Asciuit Ghecu, Carin
Cheba. :
Catacanthus wearnatus, Dru., Burma; Bhamo.—Munhla
(Coniotto).
. Burma; Carin Cheba, 900-
Heteroptera (Lhynchota) collected in Burma. 108
Nezara viridula, Linn., Burma; Catcin Cauri, Carin
Cheba. Tenasserim; Thagata.
Hyllus florens, Walk., Tenasserim ; Malewoon.
Plautia fimbriata, Fabr., Burma; Bhamo, Teinzo, Carin
Cheba.
Critheus lineatifrons, Stal., Burma; Carin Cheba. Tenas-
serim; Kawkareet. Pegu; Palon.
Antestia anchora, Thunb., Burma; Carin Cheba, Bhamo.,
_ Tenasserim; Thagata.
Antestia pulchra, Dall., Burma; Carin Cheba. Tenas-
serim ; Thagata.
Antestia degenera, Walk., Burma; Teinzo, Bhamo, Rangoon,
Katha. |
Menida histrio, Fabr.. Burma; Bhamo, Schwego-Myo.
Menida formosa, Westw., Burma; Bhamo, Carin Cheba.
Lrachyeoris wmsignis, Dist., Burma; Rangoon. Pegu;
Palon.
Rhyncocoris humeralis, Thunb, Burma; Bhamo.
Priassus exemptus, Walk., Tenasserim ; Mt. Mooleyit.
Fernelius indicus, Dist., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Sennertus typicus, gen. n., sp. n.; Burma; Carin Cheba.
Placosternum tawrus, Fabr., Burma; Bhamo.
Subfamily ASOPINA.
Zicrona cerulea, Linn., Burma, Carin Cheba.
Blachia ducalis, Walk., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Cazira verrucosa, Westw., Burma; Schwego-Myo, Bhamo.
Carin Cheba.—Minhla(Comotto), Tenasserim; Meetan,
Thagata. Pegu; Palon.
Canthecona furcellata, Woltf., Burma; Bhamo, Teinzo,
Carin Cheba.
Canthecona tibialis, Dist., Burma; Bhamo.
Picromerus obtusus, Walk., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Asopus malabaricus, Fabr., Burma; Bhamo. Pegu; Palon.
Subfamily 7HSSARA TOMIN .
Tessaratoma javanica, Thunb., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Tenasserim ; Meetan.
Eusthenes polyphemus, Stal., Burma; Carin Cheba,
Lusthenes ewrytus, Dist., Burma; Catcin Cauri.
Husthenes rubefactus, sp. n., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Vitruvius insignis, gen. n., sp. n., Burma; Rangoon.
Hurostus ochraceous, Montand.,? Burma; Carin Cheba.
104 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Hnwmeration of the
Pycanum rubens, Fabr., Tenasserim ; Mooleyit, Thagata.
Pycanum ochracewm, Dist., Burma, Carin Cheba.
Pycanum ponderosum, Stal., Tenasserim ; Malewoon.
Subfamily DINIDORIN 4,
Cyclopelta obscura, Lep. and Serv., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Cyclopelta siccifolia, Westw., Burma; Metanja, Teinzo,
Bhamo, Rangoon.—Minhla (Comotto).
[ Aspongopus janus, Fabr.] Burma,—Minhla (Comotto).
Aspongopus circwmcinctus, Walk., Burma; Carin Cheba,
Catein Cauri.
Aspongopus fuscus, Westw., Tenasserim; Meetan.
Aspongopus nepalensis, Westw., Burma; Bhamo. Tenas-
serim; Malewoon.
Aspongopus brunneus, Thunb., Burma ;—Minhla (Comotto),
Megymenum brevicorne, Fabr., Burma; Rangoon.
Megymenum subpurpurascens, Westw., Burma; Bhamo,
Carin Cheba. Pegu; Palon.
Byrsodepsus nigritus, sp. u., Pegu; Palon.
Subfamily PH YLLOCEPHALIN 4.
Cressona valida, Dall., Burma; Carin Cheba, Bhamo.
Dalsira scabrata, sp. u., Burma; Carin Cheba, Asciuii
Cheba. |
Dalsira glandulosa, Wolff, Burma; Bhamo.
Gonopsis coccinea, Walk., Burma; Bhamo, Carin Cheba.
Pegu; Palon.
Gonopsis lunata, sp. n., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Diplorhinus quadricornis, Stal, Burma; Rangoon.
Tetroda histeroides, Fabr., Burma; Bhamo, Carin Cheba.
Megarhynchus limatus, Herr. Scheeff., Burma; Bhamo.
Megarhynchus truncatus, Westw., Pegu; Palon.
Megarhynchus rostratus, Fabr., Burma; Teinzo, Carin.
Tenassertm; Malewoon. Pegu; Palon.
Subfamily VROLABIDIN A.
Urolabida histrionica, Westw., Burma; Bhamo, Rangoon.
Urostylis fumigata, Walk., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Urostylis gracilis, Dall., Burma, Carin Cheba.
Urostylis farimaria, sp. n., Burma; Rangoon, Carin
Cheba.
Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected in Burma. 105
Subfamily 4C4ANTHOSOMIN 42.
Microdeuterus megacephalus, Herr. Schaeff., Pegu; Palon.
Sastragala javanensis, Dist., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Anaxandra compacta, Dist., Burma; Carin Cheba.
Anaxandra sigillata, Stal., Burma; Carin Cheba.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES.
Cydnopeltus incisus, sp. 0.
Black, shining. Head with the lateral marginal areas thickly and
coarsely punctate, the disk more sparsely punctate ; antenne dark
castaneous the apices of the joints somewhat paler; pronotum
glabrous with a deep straight discal transverse impression ; scutellum
with a basal series of punctures, the lateral margins coarsely and
lineately punctate from a little beyond base, the disk rugulose and
with some scattered very deep punctures ; corium coarsely punctate
excepting the inner apical area which is levigate; membrane very
pale brown.
Long. 6 millim. Lat. 4 millim.
Habitat. BurMA ; Teinzo (Fea).
Allied to the Javan C. horvathi., Sign., but differing by
the transversely impressed pronotum, different punctuation,
etc.
Cydnopeltus minutus, sp. n.
Pale castaneous ; antennee with the apices of the joints distinctly
paler; head somewhat irregularly, coarsely and longitudinally
carinate ; pronotum depressed and levigate near anterior margin
where there is a distinct central longitudinal incision, remaining
area sparingly punctate, and with a transverse central incision ;
scutellum sparingly punctate and transversely wrinkled from
beyond base, depressed near apex ; corium sparingly punctate, the
internal area and lateral margin ochraceous; membrane pale
ochraceous,
Long, 3 millim.
Habitat. BURMA; Carin, Asciuii Ghecu (Fea).
Heurnius, gen. nov.
Body elongate, apex of abdomen slightly attenuated narrower
than pronotum. Head truncate anteriorly, the lateral lobes reflexed
and somewhat concave. Pronotum broader than long, the lateral
106 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Hnwmeration of the
margins straight but convexly rounded towards apical angles,
posterior margin straight, anterior margin moderately concave.
Scutellum small, triangular, about one-third the length of abdomen.
Corium small the apical margin concavely sinuate ; membrane
large, a little more than half the length of abdomen. Anterior tibiz
dilated and spined at apices.
This genus is allied to Blena, Walk. (= Macrhymenus,
Sign.), from which it can be at once separated by the
shape of the scutellum. |
Heurnius typicus, sp. n.
Black ; posterior margin of the pronotum, the scutellum and the
corium dark castaneous ; antennz ochraceous; membrane greyish ;
legs castaneous, the tarsi ochraceous.
Body above thickly and very coarsely punctate; central lobe of
head with the apical angles prominent.
Long. 4 millim.
Habitat. BuRMA; Carin, Asciuii Ghecu (Fea).
Heurnius erebus, sp. n.
Black, shining ; antennz pale castaneous ; legs dark castaneous,
tarsi ochraceous ; membrane pale greyish.
Body above very thickly and coarsely punctate ; pronotum with a
discal transverse impression.
Long. 34 millim.
Halitat. Burma; RanGcoon (Fea); PrGu; Palon,
(Fea).
Broader and less elongate than the preceding species,
colour also different.
Surenus, gen. n.
Moderately ovate and elongate. Head long and moderately broad,
the lateral lobes much longer than the central and broadly cleft
between their apices which are obliquely subtruncate, lateral margins
concavely sinuate and reflexed ; eyes prominent. Antenne hirsute,
five-jointed, basal joint robust and reaching the apex of the head,
second and fifth joints subequal in length. Rostrum reaching the
intermediate coxze. Pronotum about twice as broad as long between
the lateral angles which are subprominent, the lateral margins
dentate and moderately sinuate, the anterior angles subspinous,
Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected in Burma. 107
posterior margin very slightly rounded. Scutellum more than half
the length of the abdomen, its apex narrowed and subacute. Corium
not quite reaching the margins of the connexivum which is moder-
ately angulated at the seemental incisures ; apical margins of corium
a little coneavely sinuate, apical angle acutely produced. Membrane
with longitudinal veins. Abdomen beneath globose ; tibize sulcate
but not dilated.
I have placed this yenius near Apodiphus with which it
has many affinities.
Surenus normalis, sp. n.
Head, pronotum and scutellum piceous or very dark olivaceous,
corium paler olivaceous, membrane dark cupreous, apex of scutelluin
narrowly ochraceous ; abdomen beneath piceous, castaneous on disk ;
sternum and head beneath dark olivaceous ; legs castaneous ; antennee
castaneous the apical joint stramineous.
Head thickly and rather coarsely punctate; pronotum finely
granulate with an indistinct central impression. Scutellum finely
granulate and transversely wrinkled. Corium thickly and finely
punctate.
Long. 20 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 11 millim, Max. exp. abd.
12 millim.
Habitat, BurMA ; Carin Cheba (Fea).
Asyla fex, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous ; head, pronotum, and scutellum transversely
rugulose and coarsely punctate. Head with the central lobe more or
less margined with black punctures ; antennz with the first, second
and third joints black (remaining joints mutilated) ; corium thickly
and finely punctate ; membrane fuscous ; head beneath and sternum
brownish-ochraceous ; rostrum legs and abdomen testaceous.
Head with the lateral margins slightly sinuate and moderately
reflexed, antennze with the second joint distinctly shorter than the
third; pronotum with the lateral margins crenulate, the lateral
angles moderately prominent, their apices broadly subacute, their
margins non-crenulate. Membrane with six longitudinal veins,
asymmetrically bifurcate ; abdomen obscurely centrally sulcate on
the second and third segments ; rostrum reaching the base of the
third abdominal segment, its apex black.
Long. 20 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 9 millim.
Habitat. BURMA; Catcin Cauri (Fea).
108 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Hnwmeration of the
Strongly diverging from the only other and _ typical
representative of the genus A. indicatriz, Walk., by the
more flattened body and much less basal convexity of the
pronotum, the lateral angles of which are much _ less
produced ; the head is narrower especially at apex and
the lateral margins less smuate ; veins to membrane more
bifurcate, ete.
Characters not mentioned by Walker in his diagnosis
of the genus Asyla are the obscure basal sulcation to the
abdomen, and the presence of a small but distinct spine
on the inner margin of the anterior tibiz at about one-
third from apex.
The affinities of Asyla are not with Galedanta and
Huschistus as stated by Walker, but with the genera allied
to Atclocera in the group separated by Dallas as Halydide.
Laprius antennatus, sp. n.
Ochraceous, somewhat thickly, coarsely, and blackly punctate ;
antennze fuscus, basal joint somewhat testaceous, bases of third,
fourth and fifth joints luteous ; eyes black on the inner margins of
which is an impunctate space ; pronotum with a distinct central pale
carination ; scutellum with a pale levigate spot in each basal angle,
and faint indications of a central pale carination; basal costal
margin to corium pale levigate ; body beneath somewhat thickly
blackly punctate, the punctures thicker and more fasciate towards the
lateral margins, with a series of raised elongate pale levigate spots
before the stigmata ; femora reddish-ochraceous, blackly punctate,
tibive luteous, their apices and the tarsi piceous.
Antenne with the first and third joints shortest, the pronotum and
scutellum rugulose ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, its apex
black.
Long. 12 millim.
Halitat. BURMA; Carin, Asciuii Cheba (Fea).
Allied to LZ. varicornis, Dall., and differmg by the colora-
tion of the antenne, the somewhat broader body and more
rugulose pronotum and scutellum, the punctures much
coarser, and the pale ante-stigmatal spots larger and more
elongate.
Odius obscurus, sp. 0.
Dull ochraceous, thickly covered with coarse black punctures ;
antenne fuscous, the base of apical joints luteous ; abdomen above
fuscous violaceous, connexium thickly blackly punctate ; membrane
Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected in Burma. 109
smoky hyaline, the longitudinal veins fuscous ; body beneath piceous ;
legs ochraceous, coarsely punctate. Head cleft at apex between the
apices of the lateral lobes; antenne with the second joint a little
shorter than the third, fourth joint longest; pronotum with the
lateral margins strongly recurved, and with a faint central longi-
tudinal levigate line which is continued throughout the scutellum.
Long. 12 millim. Exp, pronot. angl. 6 millim.
Halitat, BuRMA; Katha, Teinzo (Fea).
Plexippus viltatus, sp. n.
Dull ochraceous, thickly and darkly punctate, the coloration
distinctly darker on the head and anterior half of pronotum which
is separated by a transverse levigate fascia; body beneath pale
ochraceous, the lateral areas of the sternum, a longitudinal fascia on
each side of abdomen, the stigmata, and a spot on apical segment
piceous ; legs ochraceous, antenne ochraceous, apex of third joint,
more than apical half of fourth joint, and apical half of fifth joint
piceous ; second and third joints sub-equal in length.
Long. 11 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 64 millim.
Habitat. BURMA; Carin Cheba (Fea).
Allied to P. afinis, Dist., but differing by the relative
lengths of the second and third joints of the antenne, the
fasciate sternum and abdomen, the distinct transverse
levigate fascia crossing centre of pronotum, ete.
Hysarcoris rosaceus, sp. n.
Ochraceous, thickly and darkly punctate, finely and very thickly
on head, more coarsely and sparingly on pronotum, scutellum and
corium ; head with a central pale levigate longitudinal line not quite
reaching apex ; antennz ochraceous; pronotum with the anterior
and lateral margins palely levigate, the lateral angles rosaceous, two
clusters of dark punctures on each side of the anterior area ; pronotum
with a large rounded pale levigate spot near each basal angle ; mem-
brane pale brownish hyaline. Body beneath ochraceous, thickly
and darkly punctate ; abdomen with a broad central greenish-black
fascia, its lateral margins somewhat paler, with the stigmata and a
series of small marginal spots, black ; legs ochraceous finely spotted
with black.
The head is long, almost as long as the pronotum ; the lateral
angles are strongly and robustly produced, their apices broadly
sub-acute.
Long. 6-64 millim, Exp, pronot, angl. 5-54 millim.
110 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Enumeration of the
Habitat. BURMA; Carin Cheba (Fea).
A species to be recognized by the produced and roseate
lateral angles of the pronotum.
Carbula producta, sp. n.
Ochraceous, coarsely punctate ; head very thickly and darkly
punctate, the apex of the central lobe ochraceous ; antenne with
the first, second and third joints ochraceous, fourth and fifth joints
black with their bases ochraceous ; pronotum coarsely and darkly
punctate the lateral angles black; scutellum coarsely and darkly
punctate with a small levigate luteous spot in each basal angle;
corium more thickly punctate and slightly rugulose ; membrane
pale hyaline. Body beneath and legs ochraceons, lateral areas of
the sternum and abdomen with scattered dark punctures, stigmata
and an abdominal lateral marginal series of small spots, black ; legs
more or less finely black spotted.
Head somewhat narrow, long, and tapering ; lateral angles of the
pronotum strongly and robustly produced ; second and third joints
of the antenne, and the fourth and fifth joints sub-equal in length.
Long. 73-8 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 6 millim.
Halitat. BurMA; Carin Cheba (Fea).
A species in which the elongate head resembles that of
C’. trinotata, Herr. Scheff.; the rest of the body more
allied to C. obtusangula, Reut., but-with the pronotal angles
narrower and with their apices more acute.
Senanertus, gen. nov.
Head subtriangular, considerably longer than broad, the lateral
lobes much larger than the central lobe and strongly cleft between
their apices, lateral margins nearly straight. Antenne with the
basal joint short, robust, not nearly reaching apex of head, fourth
joint longest, third and fifth joints subequal in length. Pronotum
about twice as broad as long, the lateral angles prominent, robust,
and obtusely angulated, the lateral margins moderately concave and
serrate, anterior margin concave, posterior margin nearly straight.
Scutellum about half the length of abdomen, moderately convex at
basal area, narrowed at about one-third from apex which is angularly
rounded, membrane with Jongitudinal veins. Abdomen gradually
narrowing to apex. Rostrum with the second joint a little shorter
than the third ; fourth joint very slender. Mesosternum centrally
carinate. Abdomen unarmed, Odoriferous aperture long and
slender.
O_O ae
Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected in Burma. 111
Allied to the Genus Amyntor, Stal., from which it differs
by its more robust form; lateral margins of head not
sinuated ; anterior margin of the pronotum concave.
Sennertus typicus, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous, thickly and coarsely punctate, more sparsely
on the head where there is a levigate ochraceous spot on the inner
margin of each eye ; lateral margins of head and pronotum very
narrowly fuscous, posterior margins of lateral angles narrowly
ochraceous; posterior margin narrowly levigate ; scutellum with a
small black spot in each lateral angle ; corium with the lateral area
more finely punctate than on disk ; body beneath ochraceous with
scattered brown punctures, stigmata and a double series of small
segmental spots on each side, piceous; legs and antennez reddish-
ochraceous, femora spotted with fuscous.
Long. 22 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 12 millim.
Habitat. BuRMA ; Carin Cheba (Fea).
Husthenes rubefactus, sp. n.
Above dark castaneous tinged with olivaceous ; body beneath with
legs pale bright castaneous or ochraceous ; abdomen above purplish-
red ; connexivum olivaceous spotted with ochraceous at segmental
bases; antennz piceous, with the basal joint—excluding apex—
reddish-ochraceous ; eyes inwardly margined with reddish-ochraceous,
Head with the lateral lobes obliquely striate, the basal area slightly
rugulose ; antennz with the third joint shorter than the second or
fourth joints, extreme apex of apical joint ochraceous, Pronotum
with the lateral margins strongly wrinkled, the lateral angles sub-
prominent and subacute.
4. Posterior femora strongly incrassated, with a long and strong
spine at less than half the length from base, a series of small spines
on inner margin of apical area and with a prominent stout spine or
tooth at apex.
Long. 27-33 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 12-15 millim.
Habitat. BuRMA; Carin Cheba (Fea).
The spotted connexivum, and the colour of the body
beneath and legs will at once distinguish this species. In
structure it is allied to #. ewrytus, Dist.
Vitruvius, gen. nov.
Body ovate, moderately gibbous, attenuated posteriorly. Head
small, deflected, lateral lobes meeting in front of central lobe, lateral
112 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Enumeration of the
margins reflexed, anterior margin subtruncate, posterior margin
truncate, well inserted in the pronotum ; ocelli rather nearer to
eyes than to each other. Rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe,
second joint longest. Antennze five-jointed, basal joint stout, not
quite reaching apex of head, second and third joints longest and
subequal in length, fourth and fifth joints a little shorter and sub-
equal. Pronotum convex, deflected anteriorly, broader than long,
the whole lateral area produced into a broad subacute angulation ;
scutellum convex, more than half the length of the abdomen, its
apex narrowed and rounded. Corium with its lateral margin convex,
its apical margin slightly rounded. Membrane with longitudinal
veins emitted from basal cellular areas, Abdomen with the lateral
margins entire, not projecting beyond corium. Prosternum longi-
tudinally sulcate, mesosternum obscurely carinate ; metasternum
obscurely elevated. Legs moderately robust ; tibie sulcated, tarsi
three-jointed.
A very distinct genus of the Tessaratomine belonging
to the Division Eusthenina, Stal., and not closely allied
to any genus with which I am at present acquainted.
Vitruvius imsignis, sp. n.
Ochraceous; anterior lateral margins of pronotum, lateral margins
of corium near base, some obscure longitudinal series of punctures to
pronotum in about six series, a double discal series at base of scutellum,
and some scattered punctures on disk of corium and apical area of
scutellum, black. Body beneath luteous, legs ochraceous. Head
finely wrinkled and punctate, pronotum more coarsely so and with
two elongate transverse impunctate spaces near anterior margin ;
scutellum distinctly transversely wrinkled, with a faint and broad
central impression ; corium somewhat thickly and finely punctate,
but longitudinally levigate on disk.
Long. 17 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 10$ millim.
Halitat. BURMA; Rangoon (Fea).
Byrsodepsus nigritus, sp. n.
Piceous ; rostrum and apical joint of antenne—excluding base—
brownish-ochraceous,
Antennz with the second joint longest, third joint prominently
dilated and slightly shorter than fourth joint; head coarsely and
rugosely punctate, the lateral lobes long and well separated in-
ternally ; pronotum rugosely punctate, a broad transverse impression
on anterior area which becomes foveate at lateral margins which are
eS es rtC CCU TT
—— 9
=e
OE ee a ee a ee ae A? pi a he Oi Gee eee | ee i i es,
Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected in Burma. 113
obscurely crenulate ; posterior margin concave in front of scutellum ;
scutellum transversely rugose ; corium thickly and finely punctate ;
femora robust armed on each side with a strong spine near apex.
Long. 12 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 5$ millim.
Habitat. Peau; Palon (Fea).
Dalsira scabrata, sp. n.
Very dark castaneous ; connexivum and abdomen beneath testa-
ceous ; antennw fuscous, fourth and fifth joint pale luteous, rather
more than apical half of fifth joint fuscous ; membrane brownish-
ochraceous. |
Head very coarsely punctate, somewhat tessellate on basal half ;
second joint of antenne a little shorter than third, third and fourth
subequal, fifth longest ; pronotum very coarsely rugose with a distinct
transverse ridge between the lateral angles beyond which it is deflected
anteriorly and distinctly transversely foveate, the lateral margins
strongly and coarsely dentate, the lateral angles a little prominent,
broadly rounded and coarsely dentate ; scutellum transversely rugose ;
corium very finely punctate and slightly wrinkled ; rostrum dull
ochraceous and reaching the anterior coxe.
Long. 17 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 10-11 millim.
Halitat. BURMA ; Carin Cheba and Asciuil Cheba (Fea).
A species with no near ally.
Gonopsis lunata, sp. n.
Sanguineous ; antennee luteous—sometimes tinged with sanguine-
ous—apical joint black with its base luteous ; ocelli luteous ; prono-
tum with a transverse fascia between the lateral angles bright luteous
—in some specimens this fascia is concolorous—and with two trans-
verse dull ochraceous patches on anterior area ; scutellum with the
lateral and apical areas more or less ochraceous ; membrane pale
hyaline ; body beneath and legs sanguineous.
Head triangular the lateral lobes meeting well in front of the central
lobe, their margins and the central lobe coarsely punctate ; pronotum
with the lateral angles very prominently and sublunately produced,
their apices subacute, directed forwardly and a little upwardly, the
lateral margins dentate, a distinct ridge between the lateral angles,
behind which the surface is distinctly rugulose, between the ridge
and the anterior margin it is deflected, with scattered coarse dark
punctures, the dull ochraceous patches being foveate; scutellum
transversely rugose ; corium thickly and finely punctate, its basal
lateral margin slightly crenate ; antennee with the second and third
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART I. (APRIL) 8
114 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Enumeration of the Heteroptera.
joints short and subequal in length, fourth and fifth joints longer and
subequal in length.
Long. 15-18 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 11-13 millim.
Habitat. BURMA; Carin Cheba (Fea).
A species to be recognised by the widely extended and
lunate lateral pronotal angles. I possess a series of
specimens from Upper Assam, collected by Mr. Doherty.
Urostylis farinaria, sp. 0.
Very pale luteous in some specimens inclining to ochraceous ; eyes,
apical areas of third, fourth and fifth joints of antennz, and a spot
near centre of apical margin to corium, black.
Antenne with the third joint shortest ; pronotum and scutellum
somewhat sparingly but coarsely punctate ; inner and outer claval
margins with a longitudinal series of coarse punctures ; corium with
the inner area impunctate, the outer area coarsely but sparingly.
punctate. |
Long. 10-12 millim.
Habitat. BURMA; Carin Cheba, Rangoon (Fea).
APRIL 30, 1901.
eae 5
VI. A preliminary catalogue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera
of Trinidad. By WitiisM JAMEs Kaye, F.ES.
[Read February 5th, 1901.]
PuLatEes V. AND VI.
AutTHouGH Trinidad is within such easy reach of England,
and has the inducement to visitors of being in a civilized
state, its Lepidopterous fauna has been almost wholly
neglected, and no scientific lists have been published,
except the preliminary list of the butterflies by Mr. Crow-
foot in the Transactions of the Trinidad Literary and
Philosophical Society. This is all the more remarkable as
the fauna is an exceedingly rich one, as one might expect
in an island belonging to the Neotropical Region and lying
so near to the Equator. The butterflies enumerated in
Mr. Crowfoot’s list number up 199, and this is far short of
the actual total as my own records can show. If one can
compute at all the number of Meterocera, it should, without
in¢luding Tortricide and Tineide, not fall far short of
1000 species even at a modest estimate. I have been able
to record only 245 at present, not including the Tortricidz
and Tineidx, but I hope to supplement this number at
a future date. Hitherto nothing has, I believe, been
published on the moths of Trinidad. It has therefore been
necessary to search through the specimens at the British
Museum for Trinidad labels. Comparatively few have been
found, and the species are mostly those taken by my
brother, Mr. 8. Kaye, at Verdant Vale in 1895, and my
own captures in various parts of the island in May and
June 1898. My best thanks are due to Sir George
Hampson for valuable help and advice in the compilation
of this list. I have presented the types of new species to
the British Museum.
Family SYNTOMID.
CosSMOSOMA MELATHORACIA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 10.)
Frons and collar bronze-green. Thorax with patagia and tegule,
and abdomen black, the last with square-shaped spots above, of
the same colour as the collar; except on first segment where
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PaRT I. (JULY) 9
116 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
they are replaced by two patches of brick-red. Forewing narrow,
quite transparent in the median portion excepting the nervures
which are clothed with black scales ; the costa, inner area and lower
half of outer margin with narrow borders of black ; the discocellular
patch and broad apical portion black. Hindwing similar, but with
the costal marginal border very narrow.
Expanse 42 millim.
From Tabaquite. Taken in May 1898 (W. J. Kaye).
COSMOSOMA RUBRISCAPULA, sp. n. (Plate V, fig. 9.)
Frons bronze-green. Collar black, with only a few green scales.
Thorax black ; patagia and tegule vermillion-red. Abdomen black
with lateral rows of square-shaped pea-green metallic spots on all the
segments save the first which has two spots of the same colour as the
tegule. Forewing rather broad, transparent ; the veins prominently
black ; costa, inner margin and margin narrowly bordered with black’;
a large apical black patch and the lower half of outer margin with a
broad band. Hindwing rather broad.
The wings of this species are more ample than in C. melathoracia.
Expanse 44 millim.
Taken flying gently by day in Morrison Valley, beginning
of July 1898 (W. J. Kaye).
SAURITA CASSANDRA, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, p. 494 (1768).
Saurita cassandra, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal., p. 274 (1898).
Range. VENEZUELA.
Specimens taken on flowers and at light in July 1898
(W. J. Kaye); also recorded by Capt. Clark.
SAURITA LACTEATA, Butl., Ill. Het., 1, p. 34, pl. 17.
Saurita lacteata, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal., p. 276 (1898).
Lange. AMAZON.
One specimen at light in May 1898, at Tabaquite.
The type specimen in the Brit. Mus. N. H. is from Rio
Jutahi, Amazons.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
SAURITA TEMENUS, Stoll., Pap. Exot., iv, pl. 367.
Saurita temenus, Hmps., |. c. p. 279.
Range. AMAZON.
Several specimens in May at Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 117
HistiH&A MELDOLA, Butl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., xii,
p. 362 (1876).
Histica meldolw, Hmps., |. c. p. 311.
Range. PANAMA; VENEZUELA.
This species was described by Butler from a Trinidad
specimen.
HIstiI@A CEPHEUS, Cram., Pap. Exot., i, pl. 109, E
(1780).
Histica cepheus, Hmps., l. ec. p. 313.
Range. VENEZUELA.
From Botanical Gardens (W. #. Broadway); also recorded
by C. W. Ellacombe.
MACROCNEME LADES, Cram., Pap. Exot., i. pl. 83, E (1776).
Macrocneme lades, Hmps., |. c. p. 317.
Range. Mexico; Costa Rica; VENEZUELA; NEW
GRENADA ; AMAZON.
Specimens in National Collection (C. W. Ellacombe).
MACROCNEME THYRA, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges.,
Wien. xxxii, p. 334, pl. 18, f. 24 (1883).
Macrocneme thyra, HAmps., |. c. p. 321.
Range. AMAzONS; BoLivia.
Specimens in National Collection (Caracciolo).
MACROCNEME NIGRITARSIA, Hmps., |. c. p. 326.
Range. MEXICO; GUATEMALA.
CALONOTOS TRIPUNCTATA, Druce, A. M. N. H., (7) i, p. 401
(1898).
Calonotos tripunctata, Hmps., |. ¢. p. 335.
Range. IGNOTUS.
The type specimen was from Trinidad, and is in coll.
Druce.
118 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
POLIOPASTEA PLUMBEA, Hmps., 1. c. p. 337.
The type specimen is from Parantins, Lr. Amazon.
From the Marval Valley (C. W. Ellacombe).
DINIA MENA, Hiib., Samml, exot. Schmett., 11, (1827).
Dinia mena, Hmps., 1. c. p. 339.
Range. Throughout CENTRAL AMERICA; BRAZIL;
VENEZUELA.
In National Collection (C. W. Ellacombe, Caracciolo).
TRICHURA CERBERUS, Pall., Spec. Zool. fasc., ix, p. 27, pl. 2,
£8 (772).
Trichura cerberus, Hmps., |. c. p. 342.
Range. BRAZIL, 8. Paulo, Rio.
AETHRIA CARNICAUDA, Butl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., xii,
p. 400 (1876).
Range. BRAZIL, Rio.
From Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart).
UROLASIA BRODEA, Schaus, J.. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv, p. 132
(1896).
Urolasia brodea, Hmps., |. c. p. 370.
Range. IGNOTUS.
The type from Trinidad is in coll. Schaus (W. &
Broadway).
ANTICHLORIS ERIPHIA, Fabr., Gen. Ins., p. 276 (1776).
Antichloris eriphia, Hmps., |. ¢. p. 400.
Range. BRAZIL; AMAZON.
Botanical Gardens (W. #. Broadway, Caracciolo).
NAPATA WALKERI, Druce, A. M. N. H. (6) iv, p. 86 ‘1
Napata walkeri, Amps., 1. c. p. 407.
Range. Costa Rica; PANAMA; MExico.
From Verdant Vale in Dec. 1895 (S. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 119
NAPATA BROADWAYI, Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv,
p. 130 (1896).
Napata broadwayi, Hmps., |. c. p. 413.
Range. IGNOTUS.
From Botanical Gardens (W. #. Broadway).
CYANOPEPLA SUBMACULA, WIk., Cat. Het., 1, p. 214
(1854).
Cyanopepla submacula, Hmps., |. c. p, 444.
Range. VENEZUELA; GUATEMALA ; PANAMA.
One specimen at rest on a leaf of an Orange tree in the
Botanical Gardens (W. J. Kaye).
ACLYTIA HEBER, Cram., Pap. Exot., iii, pl. 287, A
(1780).
Aclytia heber, Hmps., 1. c. p. 457.
Range. CENTRAL AMERICA; CUBA; GUIANA; BRAZIL.
EUCEREON CINCTUM, Schaus., Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv,
p. 134 (1896).
Hucereon cinctum, Hmps., |. c. p. 486.
Range. AMAZON.
The type specimen was described from Trinidad
Botanical Gardens (W. H. Broadway).
EUCEREON ROSINUM, WIk., Cat. Het., 1, 270 (1854).
Hucercon rosinum, Hmps., |. ec. p. 492.
Range. VENEZUELA; Mexico; Brazit, Rio.
Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart).
EUCEREON HYALINUM, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 11.)
Collar yellowish-red. Patagia ochreous-brown striped with black.
Tegule black. Abdomen black ; on the 5th, 6th and 7th segments
are narrow bands of erimson, slightly obscured in the middle by
the general colour of the abdomen. Forewing very dark blackish-
brown with the veins somewhat lighter; on the outer margin,
between veins 2, 3, and 3, 4, are buff-coloured spots, coalescing so as
120 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preluminary Catalogue of the
to form a blotch ; within each spot is an elongated black mark ; in
the middle of the cell is a large square patch of the same colour.
Hindwing with the middle portion semi-transparent with a bluish
tinge ; a broad marginal black band widest at the anal angle.
Expanse 38 millim.
Taken at Verdant Vale in Dec. 1895 (S. Kaye).
EUCEREON LATIFASCIA, W1k., vii, 1639 (1856).
Eucereon latifascia, Hmps., |. c. p. 498.
Range. CENTRAL AMERICA; VENEZUELA.
Verdant Vale in Dec. (S. Kaye).
EUCEREON MAIA, Druce, Biol. Cent. Am. Het., i, p. 86,
pl. 9, f. 13 (1884).
Eucereon maia, Hmps., |. c. p. 499.
Range. Costa RIca.
At Tabaquite m April (#2. W. Urich).
Family ARCTIAD.
Subfamily LJ7THOSIANA.
ANTONA DIFFINIS, Wlk., xxxi, 105 (1864).
Range. BRITISH GUIANA; BRAZIL.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
THYONE MELANOCERA, Schaus, J., N. Y. Ent. Soc., vii,
p: 217-899):
Range. Unknown.
In Schaus Coll. (W. £. Broadway).
CHIONOSIA APICALIS, sub. sp., Zell., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.,
Wien. xxiv, p. 424, pl. 12, f. 1. (1874).
Range. BRAZIL.
In Schaus coll. (W. #. Broadway).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 121
Subfamily ARCTIAN AZ,
IDALUS DAGA, Dognin., Le naturaliste, 15 Mai (1891),
p. 123.
Range. ECUADOR.
From Verdant Vale in Dec. 1895 (S. Kaye).
EUPSEUDOSOMA INVOLUTUM, Sepp., Surin. Vlind., iii, t. 115
(1852).
Range. BRAZIL.
In the National Collection.
RuHIPHA LAODAMIA, Druce, Biol. Cent. Am. Het., 1, p. 90,
n. 2. t. 9, f. 20 (1884).
fiange. PANAMA.
In the National Collection.
MELESE INCERTUS, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. iii, p. 716
(1855).
Range. BRAZIL.
In the National Collection.
ECPANTHERIA ABSCONDENS, Oberth., Etudes d’Ent., vi,
p. 106, t. 12, f. 7 (1881).
Range. MEXIco.
In the National Collection.
THALESA SERUBA, H. S., Ausser. Eur. Schmett., f. 280
(1855).
Range. Mexico; AMAZONS.
In the National Collection.
PH#GOPTERA LAUDIA, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon. (1890),
p- 497.
Range. VENEZUELA.
In the National Collection.
—
122 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
AGOREA PELLUCIDA, Sepp., (Bomb. P.) Surin. Vlind, ui,
t. 76 (1848).
Range. BRAZIL; GRENADA; MExIco; (GUIANA.
Verdant Vale in Dec. 1895 (S. Kaye).
AMMALO CHRYSOGASTER, WIk., (Hal. C.) Cat. Het., p. 312
(1864).
Range. MEXx1co ; COLOMBIA.
In the National Collection.
DEIOPEIA ORNATRIX, Linn., Syst. Nat., i, p. 511, n. 80
(1758).
Range. CENTRAL AMERICA; VENEZUELA; BRAZIL;
West InprEs ;. ECUADOR,
Maraval Valley (C. W. Eilacombc).
Family NOCTUID.
KUPLEXIA APAMEOIDES, Guen., Noct., i, p. 229.
Range. BERMUDA; JAMAICA; BRAZIL, 8. Paulo.
In the National Collection.
EUPLEXIA SUTOR, Guen., Noct., i, p. 231.
‘
Range. BRAZIL; ARGENTINE; BARBADOES; GRENADA. 3
In Coll. Kaye.
JUNCARIA UNICOLORATA, n.sp. (Plate V, fig. 21.) |
Range. COLOMBIA, Sta. Martha.
Forewing pale buff-coloured with some darker scales dispersed
over the wing; discoidal spot small distinct black; a similar
black spot lies wholly within the cell; margin with a series of
black spots. Hindwing similarly coloured but without any darker
scaling ; the marginal black spots very distinct.
Expanse 32 millim.
Taken in May at Tabaquite (W.J. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 123
THYRIA AMGNITA, Cram., pl. 312, f. D.
Range. S. AMERICA (? portion).
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
PHRYGIONIS QUADRILINEA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 17.)
Forewing light ochreous shaded with darker pinkish-brown ;
three metallic blue stripes cross the wing from the costa to the
inner margin, the first of these is succeeded and the second and
third preceded by a dark brown line of which the first two
run almost parallel, whilst the third stripe for a short distance
before reaching the inner margin approximates to the metallic stripe ;
subterminal line silvery and barely reaching down to inner margin.
Hindwing of same colour ; the costal half paler with the apex black.
Expanse 30 millim.
At Verdant Vale (S. Kaye); Tabaquite (7. W. Urich).
fange. AMAZONS, Gurupa (4. #. Austen).
_DROBEDA SUBRUFESCENS, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 14.)
Forewing pale brown; a large darker brown rectangular apical
patch occupies almost one quarter the area of the wing, and is
bounded by the vein enclosing the cell and the termination of vein
4 on outer margin ; discoidal spot very indistinct not darker than
the ground colour; indications of transverse lines are present on
the costa the third of which is duplicated and darker. Hindwing
unicolourous dark brown with somewhat of a coppery tinge.
Expanse 29 millim.
St. Verdant Vale in November (S. Kaye).
AEDIA TRINIDADENSIS, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 3.)
Forewing with the basal half very dark brown terminated by a
still darker broad stripe ; about midway between the base and the
dark stripe is a dark wedge-shaped mark running up from the inner
margin; marginal half of wing grey suffused with lighter brown,
the inner portion paler, at the extreme apex paler still. Hindwing
pearly-white ; costa dark brown; a very broad marginal blackish
brown band ; central spot black.
Expanse 30 millim.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye); Tabaquite (7. W. rich)
Nors.—There is no other New World species in this genus, but the
above appears to be congeneric with Aedia.
124 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
HOMOPTERA VIRIDANS, Guen., vii, p. 13.
Range. GRENADA; St. DomINGo; DOMINICA.
In the National Collection.
XYLIS BIDENS, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 1.)
Forewing much mottled with various shades of brown; on the
inner margin close to base is a short pale tooth-like mark ; near
this mark is a short very dark brown line which starts broad and
terminates sharply just before cell ; from thence to the costa isa very
much paler much serrated line ; a sbort pale line starts on the costa
just above angle of cell and terminates at vein 9 close to end of cell ;
a bold submarginal line traverses the wing and is deeply toothed
between veins 3 and 4 and less so between veins 6 and 7. Hindwing
very dark brown, broadly margined with pale mottled brown.
Expanse 43 millim.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
C@NIPETA POLYNOE, Guen., vil, p. 31.
Range. AMAZONS.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Noctua STRIX, Linn., Syst. Nat., iv, p. 833.
Range. MExico; BRAZIL.
Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart).
LETIS ALAUDA, Guen., vil, p. 154.
Range. PANAMA; AMAZONS.
Tabaquite (W.J. Kaye).
LETIS HERCYNA, Drury., 11, pl. 24, f. 1.
Range. AMAZONS; PANAMA; JAMAICA.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye); also in National Collection.
LETIS MAGNA, Karsten., Mus. Lesk., p. 100—2, 291 (1789).
Range. AMAZONS.
In the National Collection.
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trindad. 125
LETIS MYCERINA, Cram., Pap. Exot., pl. 172, B.
Range. PaNAMA; St. DOMINGO; GRENADA; St. LUCIA.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
SYRNIA IPHIANASSE, Cram., pl. 172, A.
Range. UNKNOWN.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye); also in National Collection.
EREBUS ODORATUM, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 505.
Range. St. Lucta; JAMAICA; BRAZIL; VENEZUELA ;
BRITISH GUIANA.
Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart); also in National
Collection.
BARYDIA BICRISTATA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 12.)
Forewing pale brown; first line very dark blackish-brown, very
uneven in thickness and much indented, starting on the costa as a
large somewhat squarish blotch, from thence to vein 1 a wis formed
and thence to inner margin is another rather elongated blotch ; second
line showing only as faint traces hardly darker than the ground colour;
third line just traceable in places, between veins 4 and 6 it is most
prominent and again from 3 to inner margin ; on the costa preced-
ing the third line is a semicircular blotch of darker brown and a
large roundish blotch is situated between veins 4 and 6. Hindwing
paler brown with some black marks which form a line from anal
angle for a short distance then merging into the ground colour of
the wing; on the second and third segments of abdomen are well
formed conspicuous crests, that on the second segment is much the
larger and is double fan-shaped.
Expanse 67 millim.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
There is a co-type in National Collection taken by
Broadway in Trinidad.
BLosyris HELIMA, var. rengus, Poey., Cent. Cub. (1832).
Range. ST. DOMINGO.
In the National Collection.
126 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
PEOSINA LEONTINA, Stoll., pl. xxxiv, f 6.
Range. BRAZIL.
Tn the National Collection.
DYSGONIA PURPURATA; n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 15.)
Forewing variously shaded with purple; first line crossing the
wing obliquely and of unequal thickness, more prominent towards the
costa, brownish-yellow; from apex there runs a very dark almost
black much curved line which meets another short line curved from
the costa; on the costa within this enclosed space are three or four
faint yellow spots ; there is a bold reverse curve to that whieh starts
at apex, running to inner margin ; on the inner side of this line is a
very broad band of purple which almost reaches the first line near
inner margin and which is most remote on costa. Hindwing very
dark brown; the cilia from veins 1 to 7 pale grey, from 7 to costa
unicolorous with the wing. |
Expanse 67 millim.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
MELIPOTIS FASCIOLARIS, Hiibn., Zutr., 443, 444.
Range. St. DOMINGO; VENEZUELA ; HonpuRAS; U.S.A.,
BRAZIL.
Botanical Gardens (W. #. Broadway).
HERMINODES ATROSIGNATA, Walk., Cat. Het., 15, p. 1641.
Range. PANAMA; VENEZUELA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
HERMINODES XANTHIPTERYGIA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 6.)
Forewing ochreous-yellow finely dusted with reddish scales
especially over the basal half of the wing ; discoidal blotch slightly
darker than remainder of wing; there is a trace of a subterminal
line indicated by three or four black dots, those between veins 4, 5 ;
5,6; and 6, 7 are most distinct ; there is also a row of well-defined
subterminal dots.
Expanse 33 millim.
At Tabaquite in May (fF. W. Urich). —
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 127
CATAMELAS FUSCA-PURPUREA, nh. sp. (Plate V, fig. 20.)
Forewing dull brownish-purple with the markings rather indis-
tinct, sharply incised below apex; the lines slatish-grey ; basal line
duplicated ; median line sharply angled before middle ; between
these the orbicular stigma is larger and fairly distinct, the reniform
stigma is very faintly outlined ; the postmedian line also faintly
indicated ; beyond this a row of dots runs parallel. Hindwing with
faint basal line and well-defined postmedian line, the discal stigma
very large ; the row of dots beyond the postmedian line not parallel
to margin as in forewing.
Expanse 42 millim.
In National Collection.
ACANTHOLIPES INCISURA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 18.)
Forewing grey rather suffused with a lilac tinge; close to the
base of the costal margin is a triangularly shaped spot of purplish-
black ; a short way beyond there is another similarly coloured
blotch and immediately below there is a round dot of the same
colour lying wholly within the cell; beyond this is a yellowish line
that runs across the wing starting on the costa as a dark mark and
immediately forming a sharp tooth-like bend, from there to the
inner margin it is fairly straight and inclines inwards cutting the
inner margin almost at the centre; there is a row of terminal black
dots ; cilia scalloped.
Expanse 31 millim.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
REMIGIA REPANDA, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 111, 2. p. 49 (1794).
Range. BRAZIL; JAMAICA; CANADA; CENTRAL AFRICA.
In the National Collection.
CELIPTERA HELVINA, Guen., vil, p. 307.
Range. HONDURAS; CoLOMBIA; BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
CELIPTERA FUSCILINEATA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 5.)
Forewing brown with a slight reddish tinge; first line dark
brown edged internally with reddish; median line replaced by two
very faint indications of lines which run parallel to one another
128 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
across the wing ; third line of same colour as first and succeeded by
a row of black dots ; the outer marginal portion of the wing lighter
coloured than the rest. Hindwing almost unicolorous dull grey-
brown.
Expanse 37 millim.
At Tabaquite in June (W. J. Kaye).
APISTIS FELLEARIS, Hiibn., Zutr., 379—380.
Range. VENEZUELA. :
In the National Collection (W. #. Broadway).
APISTIS GUTTILUNA, Walk., xxxiii, p. 1078.
Range. BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
APISTIS EULALIA, Stoll., pl. xii, fig. 2.
Range. BRAZIL.
In the National Collection.
PLEONECTIPTERA PANCULA, WIk., Cat. Het., xv, p. 1838.
Range. HONDURAS ; GRENADA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye); also in National Collection.
BENDIS FORMULARIS, Hiibn., Zutr. H., 903, 904.
Range. JAMAICA; ST. DoMINGO ; St. VINCENT; Hon-
DURAS; DOMINICA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye); also in National Collection.
AMPHIGONIA POSTPONENS, W1k., xv, p. 1856.
Range, GRENADA; BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
MARTHAMA SQUAMIVARIA, WIk., xv, p. 1631.
Range. BRAZIL; PANAMA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 129
Genus PARVAPENNA, nov.
Type, P. sentalas.
Proboscis well developed, rather short ; palpi porrect, extending
beyond frons about the width of the collar, heavily scaled with the
third joint very short and naked just appearing out of the heavy
sealing of the second joint; antenne boldly pectinated to tip.
Forewing narrow, the costa almost straight, the termen slightly
rounded ; vein 3 well before angle of cell, 5 nearer 4 than 6, 8 and 9
stalked. Hindwing with vein 8 anastomosing with 7 well beyond
base, 7 from upper angle of cell. Fore tibiz with well developed
spurs.
PARVAPENNA SENTALIS, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 7.)
Forewing pinkish-ochreous with two apical streaks, the inner one
is the darker and wider of the two and terminates at less than
one-third from base ; the outer one commences slightly below the
extreme apex and terminates at less than two-thirds from base ;
a minute discoidal spot and a second similar spot near the inner
angle of the cell; a row of minute dots precedes the somewhat
yellowish subterminal line. Hindwing cream-coloured with a row
of marginal dots. Underside of forewing dusky.
Expanse 22 millim.
Taken in May at Tabaquite ( W. Urich).
Range. PANAMA.
DAGASSA JARRUANA, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 66
(1879).
Range. AMAZONS.
Tabaquite ; also in National Collection (W. J. Kaye).
ORSA PERUSTA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 22.)
Forewing very dark black-brown ; the first line and the elbowed
line form the margins of an even darker fascia ; immediately within
the first line is a small inconspicuous dark ring ; the large discoidal
blotch is ochreous-brown and is present in some individuals only ;
beyond the elbowed line is a very indistinct slatish coloured serrated
line ; in the marginal portion of the wing are some varying patches
130 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
of dark ochreous-brown. Hindwing as forewing with only a trace of
a first line.
Expanse 30 millim.
Types in National Collection.
fange. AMAZONS.
ORSA MULTUSTA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 16.)
Forewing ochreous-yellow finely dusted with reddish scales
especially over the basal half; discoidal blotch slightly darker than
rest of wing; there is a trace of a subterminal line indicated by
three or four black dots, those between veins 4, 5; 5, 6, and 6, 7
are most distinct ; there is also a row of well-defined subterminal
dots.
Expanse 33 millim,
At Tabaquite in May (F. W. Urich).
ORSA TENUATA, n.s.p. (Plate VI, fig. 26.)
Forewing very pale yellowish-brown with the markings darker ;
a pale well-defined fascia traverses the wing and includes the darker-
coloured yellowish-brown discoidal spot, which appears somewhat
rectangular ; the outer line that borders the fascia very much
serrated and partly duplicated in the upper portion ; towards the
inner margin there is a patch of darker colour; in the marginal
portion of the wing are some scattered darker markings, but not
sufficient to suffuse the ground colour of wing. Hindwing similar
to forewing.
Expanse 21 millim.
Type in National Collection from Trinidad.
CAPNODES CONCINNULA, WIk., xxxiii, 1074 (1865).
Capnodes distacta, Hmpsn., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1898, p.
254, pl. 17, f. 19.
Range. DOMINICA; GRENADA; BRAZIL, Rio Janeiro.
In the National Collection.
CAPNODES LAMIDA, Druce, Biol. Cent. Amer. Het.,1, p. 399,
pl. xxxiu, f. 10.
Range. GUATEMALA; PANAMA; ECUADOR.
In coil. Druce.
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 131
MASSALA SOBRIA, WIk., xxxiii, p. 1045.
Range. PANAMA.
In National Collection.
HOMOPYRALIS PARVIQUADRATA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 13.)
Forewing deep black-brown with a violet tinge; from base to
two-thirds the length of costa ochreous-yellow ; a large brownish-
black patch close to base commencing immediately below costal
stripe and terminating on inner margin; at less than two-thirds
from base is another elongated rectangular dark patch commencing
just before the termination of the costal stripe ; following this are
four or five distinct white dots. Hindwing dull dark brown; at the
anal angle are two dark and one pale short yellowish lines.
Expanse 19 millim.
At Tabaquite in June (W. J. Kaye).
HoOMOPYRALIS DOTATA, WIk., xiii, p. 1067.
Range. PANAMA; BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
YRIAS YPSILON, Butl., Trans, Ent. Soc. (1879), p. 64.
Range. AMAZONS.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
MACRODES GYGES, Cram., pl. 102, fig. B.
Range. VENEZUELA.
In National Collection.
MACRODES CYNARA, Cram., pl. 15, figs. C and D.
Range. JAMAICA; BRAZIL.
In National Collection.
MACRODES COLUMBALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 14.
Range. VENEZUELA; BRAZIL.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PaART II. (JULY) 10
132 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
Subfamily DELTOIDINZ.
RENIA M&RA, Druce, Biol. Centr. Am. Het., 1, p. 448, pl.
xxxvi, f. 22, 23.
Range. PANAMA, |
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye); also in National Collection.
RENIA DISCOLORALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 82.
Range. U.S. A.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
RENIA SOBRIALIS, W1k., xvi, p. 228.
Range. U.S. A.; Nova Scotia.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
MEGATOMIS ANTONIA, Druce, Biol. Centr. Am. Het., 1, p. 468.
Range. MEXIco.
‘Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
MEGATOMIS CYANOLEPIA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 19.)
Forewing dark brown with a slight purplish tinge ; a white dot
at base and another smaller bluish-white dot lying wholly within
the cell ; a post-median slightly darker almost straight line with
a few bluish scales near the inner margin; discoidal mark
reniform in outline and margined with bluish scales; marginal
area of wing slightly paler. Hindwing unicolorous dull blackish-
brown. Collar ochreous; patagia purplish-brown. Abdomen, Ist
segment with yellowish hairs; 2nd segment with a dark chocolate
patch above with a few blue scales.
Expanse 30 millim.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
ATOPOMORPHA SINGULARIS, Warren, Trans. Ent. Soe.
Lond., 1889, p. 253. |
Range. AMAZON.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 133
MEGACHYTA PRIASSALIS, WIk., xvi, p. 123.
Range. GRENADA; St. LuctA; Dominica; St. VINCENT;
PANAMA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
HIP@PA BOGUSALIS, WIk., xix, p. 863.
Range. BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
BIBACTA GRISEIRENA, Hmpsn., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1898, p. 255.
Range. WEST INDIES; PANAMA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
HyYDRILLODES TOTAFUSCA, sp. n. (Plate V, fig. 4.)
Forewing unicolorous dull blackish-brown ; ante-medial and post-
medial lines dull fawn colour the latter much serrated ; a row of
inconspicuous marginal black dots; cilia unicolorous with wing.
Hindwing of the same colour as forewing without any markings,
the veins show through rather prominently. On the underside
the forewing is considerably lighter the ante-medial line clearly trace-
able and the post-medial conspicuous only on costa where there is a
considerable yellowish spot ; about the costal area is a sprinkling of
greyish scales. The hindwing on the underside is paler with greyish
scales all over; a conspicuous brown discoidal spot and two ill-
defined brownish fasciz beyond the middle of the same colour.
Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen unicolorous dull brown above
and below.
Expanse 28 millim.
In National Collection (/. H. Har‘).
ZANCLOGNATHA BIPUNCTATA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 1.)
Forewing dirty greyish-brown with faintly darker markings ;
discoidal spot distinct, black with a minute black dot just above
it ; a subterminal line can be discerned as a series of faint greyish
dots ; the margin with a row of black dots which are most con-
spicuous about the centre and least so near tornus. Hindwing
slightly darker than forewing with a broad rather paler marginal
band ; some marginal dots just traceable as triangular marks. On
134 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
the underside the forewing is slightly paler, the discoidal spot dis-
cernible, the minute dots invisible. Hindwing considerably paler
with two post-medial brownish strongly scalloped fasciz, within
the outer fascia lies a whitish scalloped line; discoidal spot just
traceable. Thorax and abdomen above unicolorous with wings.
Expanse 35 millim.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
BLEPTINA THERSALIS, Wlk., xvi, p. 243.
Range. WEST INDIES ; VENEZUELA.
In National Collection.
TORTRICODES AMBIGUALIS, WIk., xxxiv, p. 1198S.
Range. NORTH AMERICA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
TORTRICODES LEUCORABDOTA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 3.)
Forewing leaden-coloured tinged with greyish-brown with two
straight well-defined whitish bands across the wing, the first ante-
medial and the second post-medial, the space between them slightly
darker than the rest of wing; about midway between the post-
medial line and the outer margin is a row of small yellowish dots.
Hindwing from the base to beyond the cell with a broad white band
running obliquely across the wing; the dark discoidal spot shows
faintly through from the underside where it is conspicuous; the
broad margins of the same colour as the marginal portion of the
forewing.
Expanse 23 millim.
Taken in June at Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
HYPENA OBDITALIS, WIk., xvi, p. 48.
Range. HONDURAS; AMAZONS; GRENADA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
PARAMIMETICA PHTISIALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 87.
Range. ST. DoMINGo ; BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
7. = — =. 4
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 135
PARAMIMETICA FUSCIRETICULATA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 5.)
Forewing brown, much netted with paler yellowish-brown ; first
line straight, well-defined and oblique; elbowed line reaching
its greatest bend at vein 6; orbicular stigma round, distinct and
margined with paler ; reniform stigma large, distinct and touching
orbicular ; subterminal line slender very much indented ; marginal
spots darker brown, elongated and hardly separately detached.
Hindwing similar to forewing; discoidal stigma slightly larger
than that in forewing and very distinct ; cilia brown, scalloped,
within the scallops greyish.
Expanse 23 millim.
At Tabaquite in June (W. J. Kaye).
PHYSULA NOVITATA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 8.)
Forewing ochre-yellow ; first line much curved and composed
of a number of dots; medial line angled before middle; discoidal
spot elongated, black and almost touching the medial line at the
angle ; third line distinct, much angled at veins 4 and 2; marginal
area darker, darkest before middle and at tornus. Hindwing alto-
gether darker, with two transverse lines, the first of which starts
from the discoidal spot, which is fairly distinct, and almost as dark
as that in forewing ; costa dusky brown.
Expanse 24 millim.
In National Collection.
SANDASA MICRASTIGMA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 21.)
Forewing greyish-brown shaded with purplish towards the
margins; first line slightly angulated, dark brown, distinct.
Medial fascia slightly darker than ground colour, sharply angled
just above the dark conspicuous discoidal spot which lies wholly
within the fascia; at the extreme apex of wing is a small dark
dot which is sometimes wanting. Hindwing very similar to fore-
wing with a conspicuous excision between veins 3 and 4; the
discoidal spot lies on the inner edge of the medial stria and not
within it as in the forewing.
Expanse 14 millim,
Range, PANAMA,
In June at Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye). The co-type from
Panama is in the National Collection.
136 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Prelominary Catalogue of the
MASTIGOPHORA LYSIZONA, Druce, Biol. Cent. Am. Het., 1,
p. 441.
Range. BRAzIL, Thersapolis.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
PALTHIS BIZIALIS, Wlk., xix, p. 865.
Ttange. GRENADA.
In National Collection.
Family HYPSID..
LAURONA LEUCOPHEA, WIk., Cat. Het., 11, p. 334.
Range. VENEZUELA; BRAZIL.
In National Collection.
HYALURGA FENESTRATA, W1]k., Cat. Het., iv, p. 916.
Range. BRAZIL, Rio.
In National Collection (Broadway).
PHALOE LORZAE, Boisd., Lép. Guat., p. 90 (1870).
Range. VENEZUELA.
In National Collection (Caracciolo),
PERICOPIS AGLAURA, Cram., Pap. Exot., ini, i, 26, pl. 263,
ff
Range. VENEZUELA.
(W. J. Kaye.)
Family NOTODONTID A.
APELA DIvisa, Wlk., Cat. Het., v, p. 1092 (1855).
Range. IGNOTUS.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye); Tabaquite (7. W. Urich).
Hampson has included this in his Moths of India, vol. 1,
p. 168, Walker having given N. India as the locality for
the species.
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 137
HEMICERAS MODESTA, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878,
p. 69.
Range. Costa Rica; AMAZONS.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
NYSTALEA NYEuS, Cram., Pap. Exot., i, t. 75, E (1775).
Range. SURINAM; PANAMA; LESSER ANTILLES.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
NYSTALEA CALOPHASIOIDES, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 2.)
Forewing short, variously dashed with brown and dull red, the basal
area palest ; a marginal band occupies about one-sixth of the wing,
interiorly it is reddish and forms two curves remote from base,
marginally it is dull brown becoming paler towards the tornus
where there are some pale indistinct wavy lines running upwards ;
in the lower curve of the band two dark wedge-shaped marks arise
and run inwards, the lower one being much the larger; on the
extreme margin is a much waved line; the inner margin of the
wing except at the base is uniform brown; the cross vein of the
discoidal cell is clothed with whitish scales which have a raised
appearance. Hindwing dull brown of the same colour as the inner
margin to forewing ; the medial portion paler.
Expanse 33 millim.
In National Collection (J. H. Hart).
HAPIGIA OBLIQUA, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., p. 766.
Range. IGNOTUS.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
The remarks under A pela divisa apply also to this species.
HAPIGIA RIBBEI, Druce., Biol. Cent. Am. Het., i, p. 244,
Ei 25, f. 8.
Range. Mexico; PANAMA; AMAZONS.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
HETEROCAMPA EPONA, Schaus., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., May
1892, p. 335.
Range. PERU.
In Coll. Schaus. (W. #, Broadway).
138 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
RosEMA DEOLIS, Walk., v, p. 1170 (1855).
Range. CENTRAL AMERICA; BRAZIL.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
Family SPHINGID.
Subfamily 4MBULICIN.
AMBULYX STRIGILIS, Linn., Mant. Plant., p. 538 (1771).
Range. SoutH AMERICA; WEST INDIEs.
Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart).
Subfamily CH@ROCAMPIN 41.
CHGROCAMPA TYNDARUS, Boisd., Hist. Nat., p. 264, t. 4,
f. 5 (1875).
Range. VENEZUELA; MEXICO.
In National Collection (Capt. Clark).
CH@ROCAMPA NEOPTOLEMUS, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv, PI.
oO f, ae.
Range. CENTRAL AMERICA; VENEZUELA; BRAZIL.
Botanical Gardens (W. £. Broadway).
CH@ROCAMPA TERSA, Linn., Mant. Plant., p. 538 (17 71).
ftange. CENTRAL AMERICA; WEST INDIES ; BRAZIL.
(C. W. Ellacombe.)
ANCERYX SCYRON, Stoll., Pap. Exot., iv, Pl. 301, E.
(Plate V, fig. 12.)
Forewing burnt-brown with somewhat of a greyish tinge; be-
tween veins 1,2; 2,3; and 3, 4 are blackish streaks situated well
within the wing and not extending to the outer margin ; the veins
towards the margin are rendered conspicuous with greyish scales ;
between veins 4 and 6 the ground colour of the wing is less irrorated,
becoming more so again towards the margin. Hindwing clear
yellow with a narrow black border which stops short of the tornus ;
cilia with some white spots at the extremities of the nervures. Patagia
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 139
warm brown with the margins finely edged with darker. Abdomen
with the bases of the segments broadly grey, the upper portion
almost black ; the first two segments with bunches of long hair on the
central dorsal portion ; a broad brownish dorsal grey band extends
te the anal segment ; on the underside creamy-white with some
fine pinkish scales.
Expanse 70 millim.
Range. VENEZUELA ; CAYENNE.
Port of Spain (Caracciolo).
Subfamily SPHINGIN.
PROTOPARCE RUSTICA, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 540, n. 15
CEn7)).
Range. TROPICAL and Sus-TROPICAL AMERICA.
In Coll. Druce.
PROTOPARCE OcHUS, Klug., Neue Schmett., t. 3, f. 2 (1836).
ftange. MExico; Honpuras.
Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart).
PROTOPARCE PAPHUS, Stoll, Pap. Exot,, ili, t. 216, B
(1779).
Range. GUIANA; BRAZIL; BARBADOS.
In Coll. Schaus. (W. Z. Broadway).
PSEUDOSPHINX TETRIO, Linn., Mant. Plant., p. 538 (1771).
Range. TRopicAL AMERICA; West INDIES.
St. Ann’s Valley (W. J. Kaye).
DILUDIA FLORESTAN, Stoll., Pap. Exot., iv, t. 894, B (1782).
Range. BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
DILOPHONOTA ELLO, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, p. 491, n. 11
(1758).
Tange. CENTRAL and S, AMERICA.
Botanical Gardens (W. EL. Broadway).
140 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
Subfamily ILACROGLOSSIN &.
ENYO GORGON, Cram., Pap. Exot., u, t. 142, E.
_ Range. TROPICAL and SuB-TROPICAL AMERICA.
Botanical Gardens (W. #. Broadway).
ENnyo Lucupris, Linn., Mant. Plant., p. 537 (1771).
Range. TROPICAL and SuB-TRopicaL AMERICA ; WEST
INDIES.
Port of Spain (W. J. Kaye).
EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM CECULUS, Cram., Pap. Exot., 1i, t. 146,
G 7t#).
Range. CENTRAL AMERICA; BRAZIL.
In Coll. Kaye (C. W. Ellacombe).
ZELLOPUS SISYPHUS, Burm., Sphing. Braz., p. 17 (1855).
Range. BRAZIL.
In Coll. Schaus.
Family SATURNIADA..
ARSENEURA ERYTHRIN&, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., 156
(1632).
Range. GUATEMALA; BraziL; Costa Rica; VENE-
ZUELA.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
ATTACUS HESPERUS, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, p. 495 (1758).
Range. BRAZIL; GUATEMALA.
Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart).
ATTACUS ERYCINA, Shaw, Nat. Misc., vi, t. 230 (1797).
Range. BRAZIL; St. VINCENT; WEST INDIEs.
In the National Collection.
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 141
AUTOMERIS IRENE, Cram., Pap. Exot., 111, t. 249.
Range. COLUMBIA; BRAZIL.
In the National Collection.
AUTOMERIS ERISICHTON, Boisd., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge.,
Xvili, p. 218 (1875).
Range. VENEZUELA.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
Nore.—The two specimens from Trinidad have the first line
extra-angulated near the costa and also more excurved near the
inner margin. In view of the fact that there is only a single speci-
men in the National Collection for comparison it seems undesirable
to describe another species on account of this.
AUTOMERIS OBLONGA, WIkK., vi, p. 1296 (1855).
Range. GRENADA; WEST INDIES ; COLOMBIA.
In the National Collection.
AUTOMERIS JANUS, Cram., Pap. Exot., i, t. 64, A, B (1775).
Range. MExico; HoNDURAS; GUATEMALA.
In the National Collection.
MOLIpPA SABINA, Wlk., Cat. Het., vi, p. 1845 (1855).
Range. MEXICO; BRAZIL.
In the National Collection.
DIRPHIA SPECIOSA, Cram., Pap. Exot., t. 107, B (1779).
Range. BRITISH GUIANA; BRAZIL. |
In the National Collection.
oe
ORMISCODES GIS, Cram., Pap. Exot., i, t. 30, F. (1775).
fiange. MEXxIco; BRAZIL.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
ORMISCODES AVIA, Stoll., Pap. Exot., iv, pl. 8307, A (1780).
ftange. Unknown.
Tn the National Collection. .
142 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
Family CERATOCAMPIDA.
CITHERONIA MEXICANA, Grote and Rob., Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. York, vii, p. 382, t. 13, f. 1.
Range. MEXxIco.
Maraval Valley (W. J. Kaye).
The occurrence of this species is remarkable, there can
hardly be a doubt as to its identity.
CITHERONIA MAGNIFICA, Wlk., Cat. Het., vi, p. 13873
(1855).
Range. Braziz; Nicaragua; Mexico.
In the National Collection.
Family EUPTEROTID.
APATELODES BASIFULVA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 17.)
Forewing yellow, much dusted with fulvous ; first line and post-
medial line darker, well defined, the post-medial much angulated at
vein 5; discoidal spot distinct ; between the first line and base
the portion is filled up with irrorated fulvous, and within the patch
is a faint indication of another line parallel with that forming the
termination of the darker patch ; margins paler with a well-defined
scalloped marking traversing the sub-marginal area of the wing ;
immediately before the apex is a small darker patch extending
down to vein 5. Hindwing paler yellow with medial line, darker
near the discoidal cross vein, the two lines uniting at the lower
angle of the cell.
Taken in June (W. J. Kaye).
There is a co-type in National Collection.
TARCHON CUPREA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 11.)
Forewing shining coppery-brown ; between veins 6 and 7, close
to margin of wing, is an elongated cream-coloured mark ; discoidal
spot darker than ground colour and shaped somewhat triangularly ;
a faint indication of a line runs beyond the middle from the costa to
inner margin, in the ¢ this is nearly straight from vein 4, but in
the ¢ is considerably less so; from the costa to vein 4 in both
sexes the line is indented. Hindwing of the same colour with a
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 143
slightly darker central band followed by a fairly distinct line which
forms a continuation of the line of the forewing.
Expanse 52-60 millim.
Taken by J. H. Hart.
There are six specimens in the National Collection
from which the description is derived.
Family GEOMETRID..
Subfamily BOARMIIN 4.
CENOTHALIA PERRUBRA, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 8.)
Forewing deep rich mahogany-red with two somewhat lighter
small patches between veins 1, 2 and 4, 5, immediately above which,
situated on the vein itself, is a small yellow dot ; a similar dot is
placed on vein 1 about midway from base ; the costa broadly pale
cream-coloured much irrorated with black but the extreme tip is
unspotted, the pale stripe stretches across the thorax and collar and
is there also unspotted ; two not very decided streaks of purplish
traverse the wing about the middle. Hindwing unicolorous with
forewing ; a paler short streak runs up from the outer margin
between veins 4 and 6; situated between veins 2, 3 and 3, 4 are
respectively two small round black dots placed a short distance from
the margin.
Expanse 50 millim.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
CHRYSOCESTIS FIMBRIARIA, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv, 112,
pl. 348, f. C.
Range. AMAZONS; HONDURAS; COLUMBIA.
(CF. W. Urich.)
PHRYGIONIS PRIVIGNARIA, Guen., Uran. and Phal., i, p.
401.
Range. HONDURAS.
In National Collection.
SEMIOTHISA TRANSVISATA, Guen., Uran and Phal., ii, p. 71.
Range. BRAZIL; PANAMA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye), also in National Collection.
144 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
SEMIOTHISA AMULATARIA, W1k., xxi, p. 884.
Range. TEXAS; FLORIDA; WASHINGTON STATE.
In National Collection.
The specimen is considerably worn. It is probable
from the range of S. wmulataria that this is another
species.
SEMIOTHISA LIMBULARIA, Hiibn., Zutr., p. 179, 180.
Range. JAMAICA.
In National Collection.
SEMIOTHISA ARENISCA, Dogn., Ann. Soc. Ent., Belgique,
tom. xiv, 1896, p. 145.
Range. ECUADOR.
Arima (S. Kaye).
FLAVINIA OSIRIS, Cram., Pap. Exot., 11, 28, pl. 115, f. BE.
Range. VENEZUELA.
Maraval Valley (C. W. Hilacombe).
SYRRHODIA DECREPITARIA, Hiibn., Samml. Exot. Schmett.,
i 20 186. 115 See.
Range. BRazit; St. Dominco; HonpuRAs; St. VIN-
CENT.
(W. £. Broadway.)
DREPANODES TROGONARIA, H. 8S. Auss. Sch., T. 94, f. 535.
Range. BRAZIL.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
PARACHOREUTES SUBPURPUREA, Warr., Nov. Zool., iv, p.
417 (1897). |
Range. Rio DeMERARA; BRITISH GUIANA.
From Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 145
PATALENE ACUTA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 13.)
Forewing rich ochreous, darker towards tornus and considerably
irrorated with blackish ; an oblique slightly curved darker line
commencing just before apex traverses the wing and terminates
beyond the middle on the inner margin ; situated on this line are
placed at intervals small elongated dots of greyish-white ; a large
conspicuous blotch occupies the area at tornus; there is a faint
indication of a darker ante-medial line ; discoidal dot small, black ;
hindwing similar to forewing, the pale dots on the transverse line
less distinct than on forewing; beyond the medial line the wing
is much darker with more of a brownish tint similar in shade to
tornus of forewing. Underside of both wings paler and darker
towards the hind margins; the transverse line on the forewing
very distinct ; on the hindwing the line is almost obliterated.
Expanse 43 millim.
In National Collection, taken by Lady Broome.
APICIA ALTERARIA, Guen., Uran. and Phal., 1, p. 83.
Range. VENEZUELA.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
MUCRONODES MINOA, Druce, Biol. Centr. Am. Het., u1,
p. 47, t. 44, f. 17. |
Range. PANAMA.
(W. J. Kaye.)
AZELINA EXQUISITATA, Thierry-Mieg., Ann. Soc. Ent.
France, 1894, p. 57.
Range. ECUADOR.
From Arima (S. Kaye).
THYSANOPYGA APICITRUNCARIA, H. S. Auss. Schmett.,
£2536.
Range. URucuAy; Panama; Sr. Dominco; VENE-
ZUELA.
From Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
146 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
THYSANOPYGA NICETARIA, Guen., Uran. and Phal., ii,
p. 107.
Range. HAItri.
From Arima (S. Kaye).
BISTON OPPOSITARIA, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxi, p. 361.
Range. VENEZUELA.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye). —
GAZENA HYPOMELAS, n. sp. (PI. VI, fig. 18.)
Forewing greenish-grey strongly irrorated with blackish and
having the appearance of lichen; an ante-medial darker fascia tinged
with pinkish towards the inner margin and bordered by a fairly
distinct black line which is strongly elbowed within the cell; a
second similar fascia without any pinkish coloration commences on
costa equidistant from base and apex and after curving out beyond
the cell reaches the inner margin at half distance from base as on
costa ; beyond is a dotted line almost following the curve of the
fascia but rather more remote on costa; radiating from these dots
are some blotches of pink ; on the margin there is a distinct row of
black dots ; discoidal spot blackish. Hindwing similar in coloration
and markings to forewing but without any trace of markings ;
discoidal spot very distinct, black.
Expanse 35 millim.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
MELANCHROIA EXPOSITATA, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxv,
p. 1461.
Range. TRopICAL AMERICA; WeEsT INDIES.
Botanical Gardens (J. H. Hart).
Subfamily ACIDALIAN 4,
JORRHGA PYRAUSTARIA, Guen., Phal., i, p. 429 (1857).
Range. BRAZIL; St. VINCENT (W.I.).
(W. J. Kaye; F&F. W. Urich.)
HyYRIA DEPORTARIA, WIk., xxui, p. 673.
Range. VENEZUELA.
(F. W. Urich.)
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trimdad. 147
APICIA ALTERARIA, Guen., Uran. and Phal., 1, p. 83.
Range. CAYENE.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
Subfamily GHOMETRIN 4.
CHLORINTHIA PULCHERRIMA, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1881,
p. 342.
Range. AMAZON.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
GELASMA HYPERYTHRARIA, Guen., Uran. and Phal., i, p.
386.
Range. BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (7. W. Urich).
CENOSPILA TENUILINEA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 16.)
Forewing rather dull grass-green ; a whitish slightly curved basal
line and a very greatly festooned post-medial whitish line, the
apices of the festoons prominently white ; discoidal spot blackish ;
cilia yellowish-white barred with pale brownish but not con-
spicuously so; the extreme edge of the costa satiny-white. Hind-
wing as forewing but the discoidal spot much less conspicuous.
Antenne with the shaft white.
Expanse 34 millim.
From Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
DICHORDA URICHA,n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 6.)
Forewing unicolorous pea-green. Hindwing at the extreme base
green, followed by a broad area of lemon-yellow which runs up
into the end of the cell; lying wholly within the cell is a very small
reddish-brown blotch; bordering the irregularly shaped yellow patch
the colour is a dull purplish-red and rather suffused ; an irregular
somewhat cross-shaped patch of yellow is situated beyond the cross
vein of the cell ; the broad marginal portion of the wing green as
in the forewing; fringes to both wings pale greenish without any
spots whatever.
Expanse 20 millim.
Tabaquite (2. W. Urich).
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART Il. (JULY) I1
148 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
RACHEOSPILA SIGILLARIA, Guen., Uran. and Phal., i,
Pp. oto.
Range. DOMINICA; BRAZIL.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
RACHEOSPILA EXPULSATA, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxu,
p.cbOb. s | |
Range. AMAZON.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
RACHEOSPILA UNDULOSA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 23.)
Forewing very delicate pale green; costa white; very slender
much waved ante- and post-medial indistinct white lines ; discoidal
spot a minute black dot. Hindwing precisely as forewing ; cilia
to both wings white, preceded by a very slender reddish line.
Abdomen with four or five distinct white patches.
Expanse 17 millim.
‘Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
HETEREPHYRA SUBRUBRA, un. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 19.)
Forewing brick-red, sometimes with a brownish tinge, with the
transverse lines darker ; the basal line slightly waved ; the medial
line strongly angulated at vein 2; the space between these two
lines slightly darker; the post-medial line very much waved, the
wing beyond this being again darker ; lying within this latter space
are several indistinct whitish dots edged internally with obscure
blackish ; discoidal spots white edged internally with black ; the
underside much paler with only the post-medial line showing.
Hindwing above similar to forewing; the discoidal spot wholly
black and lying either within, without, or on a feebly defined
blackish line ; the post-medial line much indented near anal angle,
and also in a less degree nearer costa, but very variable.
Expanse 28 millim.
From Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Subfamily LARENTIAN A.
PSALIODES ACIDALIOIDES, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 9.)
Forewing brownish cream-coloured; very near the base is a black
line most conspicuous on the costa ; a broad blackish fascia strongly
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 149
angulated at the origin of vein 4 internally, and rather less so
externally on vein 6; between the costa and these two points the
band is much the widest and best defined ; discoidal dot black ; a
dark cream patch on the costa beyond the fascia ; some dark blackish
suffusion towards outer margin. Hindwing similar ; a broad basal
fascia composed of several black-irrorated lines ; no dusky suffusion
on margin,
’ Expanse 15 millim.
In National Collection (J. H. Hart).
Gren. ARIMA, nov.
Proboscis well developed; palpi porrect, the 3rd joint to well beyond
frons, half as long as 2nd and naked ; 2nd joint clothed with stiff
hair. Antenne simple, rather short, barely longer than half costa ;
hind tibiz with short spurs. Abdomen in @ not reaching beyond
secondaries. Forewing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell, vein 3
almost straight ; vein 5 equidistant from 4 and 6; 8 and 9 and 10
given off from 7 ; vein 5 extending into cell as a veinlet ; a slight
fold in the wing between 4 and 5; a branch veinlet within the cell
coincides with this fold at cross vein of cell. Hindwing, vein 2 from
3rds from base of cell; 3 before end of cell ; 4 from angle ; 6 and 7
on a long stalk; 8 soon after leaving base anastomoses with 7 for
a considerable distance.
ARIMA ISOLATA, sp.n. (Plate VI, fig. 25.)
Forewing lightish olive-green with black markings ; four toler-
ably well-defined lines traverse the wing ; the basal line consider-
ably angled in middle ; second line composed of a costal patch, a
somewhat elongated mark lying within the cell and an ill-defined
patch on the inner margin ; situated between this line and the post-
medial line on the costa is a well-defined black mark ; the post-medial
line, clearly defined on costa, very slender, composed of dark dots to
vein 2 and thence to inner margin with an irregular patch of black;
a fourth line commences with three distinct spots and then by an
indefinite number of marks is continued to the inner margin ; dis-
coidal spot black, elongated. Hindwing orange-yellow with a rather
narrow grey marginal band, the orange colouring continued to
margin between veins 3 and 4. Underside of both wings orange; a
large blackish patch at apex of forewing.
Expanse 30 millim.
From Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
150 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
Subfamily @NOCHROMINAL. |.
EPHIALTIAS TRYMA, Schaus., Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc., iv, p.154.
Range. AMAZONS.
Maraval Valley (C. W. Ellacombe).
MECOCERAS NITOCRIS, Cram., Pap. Exot., i1, 148, pl. 975,
fA. |
Range. BRAZIL; VENEZUELA; CENTRAL AMERICA.
In National Collection (Lady Broome); Verdant Vale
(S. Kaye); Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
PHELLINODES RUBEDINARIA, WIk., xxv, p. 1464.
Range. HONDURAS.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
Family URANIAD/E.
Subfamily HPICOPEIAN 2.
MANIA (SZMATURA) EMPEDOCLARIA, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett.,
290, 2814:
Range. BRAZIL.
Maraval Valley (C. W. Eilacombe).
MANIA (SEMATURA) ACTHON, Feld., Taf., exxi, f. 5.
Range. HONDURAS.
Maraval Valley (C. W. Ellacombe).
Subfamily HEPIPLEMIN A.
SCHIDAX SQUAMMARIA, Hiibn.; Zutr., pp. 161, 162.
Range. BRAZIL.
In National Collection (W. #. Broadway), and in Schaus
Collection.
EPIPLEMA INCOLORATA, Guen., Uran. and Phal., u1, p. 37.
Range. HONDURAS; BRAZIL; ECUADOR.
In National Collection.
4
™*
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 151
Family PYRALIDAL.
Subfamily CRAMLIN A.
DIATREA SACCHARALIS, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 1, 2, p. 238.
Range. COLOMBIA; HoNDURAS; BRAZIL; VENE-
ZUELA; U.S.A.; West INDIES.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Often introduced with Sugar Cane.
DIATR@A CANELLA, Hmps., A. M. N. H., (6) xvi, p 349.
Range. BRAZIL, Castro Parana; GRENADA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
PLATYTES DIVISELLA, WIk., xxxv, p. 1765.
Range. COLOMBIA; BRAZIL, Sao Paulo.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Subfamily SCHUNOBIAN i.
SCIRPOPHAGA ALBINELLA, Cram., Pap. Exot., pl. 372, f. D.
Kange. GUIANA; Brazit, Amazons; PANAMA;
GRENADA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
| Subfamily PH YOITIN.
HYPSIPYLA GRANDELLA, Zell., Isis, 1848, p. 881.
Range. BRAZIL, Rio Janeiro.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Subfamily CHRYSANGIN 4.
SALOBRENA EXCISANA, Wlk., Cat. Het., xxviii, p. 446.
Range. Brazit, Hea; PANAMA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
CARCHA HERSILIALIS, WIk., Cat. Het., xvii, p. 282.
Range. HonpuraAs; Panama; Sr. DOMINGO.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
152 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
MICROZANCLA IGNITALIS, Hmps., P. Z.S. 1897, p. 668.
Lange. BRAZIL, Rio, Sao Paulo.
Tabaquite (F. W. Urich).
CAPHYS BILINEA, Wlk., Cat. Het., xxvu, p. 13.
Range. HONDURAS; BRAZIL, Amazons; GRENADA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
BONCHIS SCOPARIOIDES, W1k., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (8) 1,
p. 128.
Lange. BRAZIL.
GALASA RUBIDANA, WIk., Cat. Het., xxxv, p. 1802. (Plate
VI, fig. 24.)
Range. U.S.A.; JAMAICA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Norr.—The Trinidad insect may prove to be distinct from G.
rubidana as the marginal spots to the forewing are yellow, while
those in the above are black.
EPITAMYRA BISECTALIS, Hmps., P.Z.S. 1897, p. 686.
Range. JAMAICA; ST. Lucia.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
CHRYSAUGE FLAVELATA, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv, pl. 348, p.
ses
Range. VENEZUELA ; BRAZIL, Para.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Subfamily PYRALLV.Z.
PYRALIS NIGRAPUNCTA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 15.)
Forewing dull reddish-chocolate; first line blackish edged with
yellowish ; medial line absent ; post-medial line blackish edged
with yellowish; the first and post-medial lines bound a broad
fascia which occupies fully half the wing area; discoidal spot
distinct, black ; marginal portion of wing deeper coloured ; cilia
yellow. Hindwing same colour as outer marginal portion of fore-
wing ; cilia yellow.
Expanse 17 millim.
In June at Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 153
MAPETA XANTHOMELAS, W1k., Cat. Het., xxvii, p. 17.
Range. COLOMBIA; VENEZUELA; JAMAICA.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye); Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
AULACODES PSYLLALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 258.
Range. GRENADA.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye); Botanical Gardens (W. #.
Broadway).
DIATHRAUSTA NERINALIS, Wlk., Cat. Het., xix, p. 928.
fiange. Wrest INDIES; PANAMA; Ecuapor.
In National Collection.
STENIA SAPONALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 243.
Range. PANAMA.
In National Collection (7. W. Urich).
Subfamily PYRAUSTIN 4.
NEUROPHYSETA CALLA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 14.)
Forewing yellow and orange ; first line slightly curved ; second
line absent ; third line much curved ; these ante-medial and post-
medial lines form the limitations of an obscure fascia ; immediately
preceding apex and at tornus are darker patches of orange. Huind-
wing similarly coloured to forewing; a large tuft of loose long
scales situated at the base. Head and thorax white.
Expanse 13 millim.
Taken at Tabaquite in June (W. J. Kaye).
DESMIA TAGES, Cram., Pap. Exot., 11, p. 2, pl. 97, f. D.
Range. St. DoMInco ; CuBA; Brazin, Ega.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
LEUCOCHROMA MELUSINALIS, WIk., xviii, p. 492.
Range. VENEZUELA.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
154 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
SYNGAMIA RUBROCINCTALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 199.
Range. PANAMA ; HONDURAS.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
SYNGAMIA CASSIDALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 199.
Range. WEST INDIES; BRAZIL.
In National Collection.
SYNGAMIA TYTIUSALIS, Walk., xviii, p. 605.
Range. HONDURAS; PANAMA; Brazit, 8S. Paulo;
DoMINICA.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
SAMEA ECCLESIALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 194, pl. 6, f. 7.
Range. BRazIL, Amazon; VENEZUELA; HONDURAS;
ECUADOR ; GRENADA.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
PILOCROCIS PLUMBILINEA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 4.)
Forewing dull ochreous-brown ; ante-medial line strongly curved ;
medial line, present only near inner margin the upper portion
being replaced by the discoidal spot which is V-shaped and dark
brown ; post-medial line much indented, especially towards
costa. Hindwing slightly paler than forewing ; an ante-medial line,
hardly traceable on costa, is terminated on inner margin by a con-
spicuous patch ; a minute black dot within the cell; margins of
both wings with marginal dots.
Expanse 27 millims.
At Tabaquite in June, several specimens (W. J. Kaye).
PILOCROCIS DRYALIS, W1k., xviii, p. 573.
Range. JAMAICA; St. DoMINGO; GRENADA; Mexico.
At Tabaquite.(W. J. Kaye).
PILOCROCIS LIBERALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 350.
Range. PANAMA ; BRAZIL,
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 155
PILOCROCIS INFUSCALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 350.
Range. St. DomMiInco ; COLOMBIA; BRAZIL.
Botanical Gardens (W. #. Broadway) ; Tabaquite (W. J.
Kaye).
CONCHYLODES PLATINALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 282.
Range. BRAZIL, Para; VENEZUELA.
Botanical Gardens (W. HL. Broadway); Tabaquite (W. J.
Kaye).
PHRYGANODES PROLONGALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 353.
Range. St. Dominco; JAMAICA; BRAZIL; GRENADA.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
MESOCONDYLA CONCORDALIS, Hiib., Ziitr.,. vi, 3, 13, 1 ff.
1-4,
Range. BRAZIL; WEST INDIES.
In National Collection (7. W. Urich).
NACOLEIA LACERTALIS, Guen,, Delt. and Pyr., p. 244.
Range. BRAzIL, Esperitu Santo.
At Tabaquite (2. W. Urich).
SYLEPTA AMANDO, Cram., Pap. Exot., iii, p. 92, pl. 247,
f, E.
Range. VENEZUELA; BRAZIL, Amazons.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
SYLEPTA FLAVIPENNIS, n. sp. (Plate V, fig. 7.)
Forewing light orange-yellow ; a black spot near base on costa ;
first line commencing as a similar black spot and then continued
of a brownish colour; discoidal spot almost black, triangularly
shaped ; the post-medial line unicolorous throughout its length and
terminating at vein 2; from vein 2, much more remote from outer
margin, is a short line of the same colour that runs down to inner
margin. Hindwing of the same colour of forewing. Forelegs white
ringed with black below femur.
Expanse 31 millim.
From Tabaquite (2. W. Urich).
156 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preliminary Catalogue of the
SYLEPTA MATUTINALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 195.
Range. ST. VINCENT; BRAzIL, Amazons.
At Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
LYGROPIA BIPUNCTALIS, Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (6), xvi, p. 334.
Range.
Botanical Gardens (W. EL. Broadway).
LEIOPASIA DORSALIS, Hmpsn., P. Z. S., 1899, p. 216.
(Plate VI, fig. 2.)
Range. GRENADA, W. IJ.
At Tabaquite (F. W. Urich).
GLYPHODES LUCIDALIS, Hiibn., Verz., p. 359.
Range. GRENADA; ST. VINCENT; CuBA; BRAZIL.
(W. E. Broadway.)
GLYPHODES TRANSLUCIDALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 299.
fange. BRAZIL, Rio Janeiro.
(W. #. Broadway.)
LEUCINODES ELEGANTALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 222,
peel a,
Range. BRAZIL, Rio, Obydos, St. Paulo.
In May at Tabaquite (2. W. Urich).
PACHYZANCLA DISTINCTA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 20.)
Forewing very pale yellow; costa dark brown; outer margin
lighter brown ; the transverse lines of the same colour; first line
angulated just below cell and immediately followed by a small spot
of the same colour: close to the costa; discoidal spot large and
distinct, darker brown ; medial line present only beyond vein 2 and
thence to the inner margin ; third line terminates at vein 2. Hind-
wing same colour as forewing ; discoidal spot lightish brown; a
line commences about half-way from origin of vein 2 and runs to
anal angle and another line from costa to near vein 2, but much
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad. 157
nearer to margin, of the same colour as the line of forewing. On the
2nd segment of abdomen is a pair of conspicuous black spots.
Expanse 20 millim.
From Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
PIONEA EUPALUSALIS, W1k., xvii, p. 605.
Range. VENEZUELA ; GRENADA.
(W. EL. Broadway; W. J. Kaye.)
PIONEA VINOTINCTALIS, Hmpsn., A.M.N.H. (6) xvi, p. 340.
Range. GRENADA.
Botanical Gardens (W. H. Broadway).
PIONEA TAENIOLALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 172.
Range. WEST INDIES; BRAZIL.
In National Collection.
PYRAUSTA FALCATALIS, Guen., Delt. and Pyr., p. 167.
Range. NorTsH and SoutH America; CHINA; WESTERN
InpIA ; WEST AFRICA.
In the National Collection.
Family PEROPHORID.
PEROPHORA MAGNAPUNCTA, n. sp. (Plate VI, fig. 10.)
Forewing pinkish-ochreous, with a strong oblique greyish black
streak running up from the inner margin about the middle to vein 7
where it is strongly angled and then slightly curved to costa; dis-
coidal blotch of the same colour very large almost touching the
oblique streak ; there is an indication of an ante-medial line present
as a faint mark on the costa and again below the cell between veins
1 and 2 as a curved lunular mark ; on the inner margin is a small
triangular mark. Hindwing similarly coloured to forewing ; an ante-
medial streak forming a continuation of that on the forewing,
slightly waved ; between this and base of wing the ground colour is
slightly paler and more yellowish. Thorax and abdomen unicolorous
with wings. The streak of the forewing on the underside is broken
up into broad lunular-like marks between the nervures.
Expanse 62 millim.
At Tabaquite in June (W. J. Kaye).
158 Mr. W. J. Kaye’s Preluminary Catalogue, ete.
Family LIMACODIDA.
SISYROSEA ALBIMARGINATA, sp. n. (Plate VI, fig. 22.)
Forewing whitish-grey ; the marginal band considerably paler
than the rest of wing and occupying more than one-third of wing;
a row of marginal dots, very minute, blackish and inconspicuous ;
the band is edged internally by a slender white line; the inner
portion of wing unicolorous dirty grey. Hindwing grey some-
what intermediate in colour between the two shades present in the
forewing.
Expanse 19 millim.
From Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
NEOMRESIA NESEA, Stoll., Pap. Exot., iv, t. 305, C. (1781).
Range. BRAZIL, Amazon.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye); also in National Collection.
SEMYRA BELLA, H. S. Ausser. Schmett., i, f. 181 (1854).
Range. GUATEMALA; BRAZIL.
Verdant Vale (S. Kaye).
Family MEGALOPYGIDA.
CARAMA BUTLERI, Baker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pp. 133-
135, t. 6/f, 1-3 (1887).
Range. SourH AMERICA.
In the National Collection.
Family CASTNIAD.
CASTNIA Licus, Deru., Il ix. Mot. i,t. 16, fi. 2 (Ue yee
Range. BRAzIL; ECUADOR.
St. Ann’s Valley (fF. W. Urich).
Family SESIADA.
SESIA DECEPTURA, Butl., A.M.N.H. (4) xiv, p. 409. —
Range. AMAZONS.
Tabaquite (W. J. Kaye).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Fie. 1.
oe ont &® CO —S& CH wb
TO 2 Oe |
ae SS SOO aT Os OU RS ey SS) eS SO
Xylis bidens.
. Nystalea calophasioides.
. Aedia trinidadensis.
. Hydrillodes totafusca.
. Celiptera fuscilineata.
. Herminodes xanthipterygia.
. Sylepta flavipennis.
. Enothalia perrubra.
. Cosmosoma rubriscapule.
. Cosmosoma melathoracia.
. Hucereon hyalinwm.
2. Anceryx scyron.
. Homopyralis parviquadrata.
. Drobeda subrufescens.
. Dysgonia purpurata.
. Orsa multusta.
. Phrygionis quadrilinea.
. Acantholipes incisura.
. Megatonis cyanolepia.
. Catamelas fusca-purpwrea.
. Juncaria wnicolorata.
. Orsa perusta.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.
. Zanclognatha bipunctata.
Q
. Leiopasia dorsalis.
1
2
3. Tortricodes leucorabdota.
4, Pilocrocis plumbilinea.
5. Paramimetica fuscireticulata.
6. Dichorda wricha.
. Parvapenna sentalis.
8. Physula novitata.
9. Psaliodes acidalioides.
10. Perophora magnapuncta.
11. Tarchon cuprea.
12. Barydia bicristata.
13. Patalene acuta.
14, Newrophyseta calla.
15. Pyralis nigrapuneta.
16. GHnospila tenwilinea.
17. Apatelodes basifulva.
18. Gazena hypomelas.
19. Heterephyra subrubra.
20. Pachyzancla distincta.
21. Sandasa micrastigma.
22. Sisyrosea albimarginata.
23. Racheospila wndulosa.
24. Galasa rubidana.
25. Arvma isolata.
26. Orsa tenuata.
(oaer )
VII. Lllustrations of the 6th § ventral segment im 17 Osmaa-
species of the adunca-Group, with a Note on the
synonymy of four species, and descriptions of four
which seem new. By the Rev. FRancis Davip
Morice, M.A., F.ES.
[Read December 5th, 1900.]
Piatss. Vil anp VILL.
HAVING dissected numerous $ # of Osmia, Pz., representing
among them, I believe, 17 palzarctic species of the adwnca-
Group, I find that in all of them the hidden 6th ventral
segment of the abdomen has a very elaborate and singular
structure (reminding me a good deal of the 7th ventral in
Colletes)—evidently highly specialised for some important
(probably sexual ?) function.
In each, the segment in question emits from its apex a
distinct and conspicuous membranous appendage of some
paradoxical form, which form differs so much in the various
species that many can be distinguished by it at a glance.
How far this structure is peculiar to or universal in the
adwnca-Group, I cannot yet say. But so far I have only
found it there, and in one little “ maniple ” of species (one
of which may be crenulata, Mor., and the others un-
described) which, according to present ideas, would be
grouped, but as I suspect not rightly, with papavervs.
Neither papaveris itself nor its allies, cristata, sawnderst,
hisulca, etc., have any such appendage to the 6th ventral,
and the character seems to me,fully as important as the
form of the 7th dorsal, on which the groups of papaveris
and adunca are at present separated.
Unfortunately the segment cannot be viewed, without
dissection of the specimen. But when extracted, its
beautiful forms and most interesting structure amply repay
the trouble of bringing it to light; and the characters
presented by it in the various species are so clear and
constant, that I think they well deserve an attention which
has not yet been paid to them by the framers of specific
diagnoses. In no Group of the Genus, perhaps, have
describers been less successful in so characterizing their
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART II. (JULY)
162 Rev. F. D. Morice on the 6th f ventral segment
species as not to mislead later students. Hence the
synonymy of the Group has long been in great confusion,
and in several cases that confusion seems to me to be rather
increasing than diminishing, in spite of all attempts (even
the most recent) to clear it up.
As to the definition of the adunca-Group, the following
diagnosis, founded mainly on the works of Schmiedeknecht
and Ducke, represents, I believe pretty completely, the
views on this subject now generally received, as far as
characters are concerned.
¢. Corpus nigrum haud metallicum, fulvo vel pallido medioeriter
pilosum. Abdominis segmenta dorsalia anteriora apicibus plus
minusve pallido fimbriatis ; sextum lateribus dentatis sinuatisque ;
septimum subquadrate productum, apice nec dilatato, nec spinoso, nec
profunde emarginato. Segmenta ventralia quinque semper apparent,
marginibus omnium fere simplicibus (nunquam profunde excisis nec
acute productis), omnia mutica (tuberculis, etc. nullis) saepius tamen
ante apicem transverse subcallosa.
Clypeus productus margine apicali crenulato. Antennae nonnullis
saltem articulis plerumque aliquo modo deformatis, vix unquam
simpliciter cylindricis.
To these characters—among which those of the ventral
segments are perhaps the most important—I would pro-
pose, on the strength of my recent investigation, to add
the following—
g. Segmentum ventrale sextum quinto obtectum, magna parte et
praesertim appendice conspicua apicali membranaceum ; septimum
propter emarginaturam apicalem magnam bilobatum ; octavum parte’
apicali lata, emarginaturam septimi fere totam implente, lateribus_
paralletis, apice et in medio plerumque membranacea. Genitalia
sagiltis latissimis, subfalcates ; stipitum parte apicali tenuissime
elongata, subcylindrica—apicibus ipsis plerumque evidenter inflexis.
For the 7th and 8th ventral segments, see Fig. 20; for
the genitalia, Fig. 21.
I believe that some of these latter characters should
have at least as much weight as those given above in
determining the true limits of the Group, if, as seems
likely, it be a “good” one.
It does not fall within the scope of this paper to deal
with 2 characters, but the universally pale scopa (white or
grey) may be mentioned as among the most obvious.
in 17 Osmia-species of the adunca-Gvouy. 163
of fp
Before discussing the separate species, it may be worth
while to describe in some detail the general structure of
the 6th ventral segment in the adwnca-Group and the
general nature of the specific characters which occur in it.
To draw it undamaged from its retirement under the
Sth ventral is not always easy. My own method is, after
relaxing a specimen, to force apart with a dissecting-needle
the 5th and 6th dorsal segments. Being rather firmly
attached to the base of the latter, the 6th ventral generally
comes out with it. It is then seen to be formed of several
distinct layers superposed one upon another, some quite
thin and hyaline, others more substantial and darker.
Most of these at least do not extend to the base and apex
of the segment, but occupy a part only of its full length.
The actual base is pretty solid. It is deeply excised,
accordingly bidentate—the two teeth are attached externally
to the 6th dorsal by a membrane, which must be cut
through carefully, if the segment is to be extracted entire.
Beyond the basal excision begins the thickest and most
substantial part of the segment. We see here, first, but
(owing to their transparency) only in certain lights, two
adjacent flakes of thin white membrane, attached only at
their bases (the rounded apices being quite free) to the
underlying layers of substance. Below these flakes, and
partly at least projecting beyond them apically, is a much
more solid transverse layer (or conglomerate of layers)
divided longitudinally into two well-marked /obes—dark,
punctured, and more or less pilose, especially towards their
apices laterally. These I shall call in the following de-
scriptions the “ main lobes” of the segment. From between
these lobes, at a rather lower level, originates the apical
membranous appendage which I shall call the ‘ process.”
It, also, usually assumes a somewhat bilobed form ; but in
two species it is, instead, terminated by a single central
(spine-like) prolongation. The base of the “process”
rarely occupies the whole space between the converging
margins of the “ main lobes.” More usually it has a con-
stricted petiole-like base, from which the lobes of the bifid
apex branch out more or less in the lateral direction,
making the process as a whole roughly Y-shaped in some
cases, T-shaped in others. The petiole of a Y-shaped
process is mostly long and narrow, that of a T-shaped much
more transverse (compare Fig. 7 with Fig. 11). Round
these two types, the Y-shaped (cwmentaria), and the
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART II, (JULY) 12
164 Rev. F. D. Morice on the 6th ¢ ventral segment
T-shaped (morawitzi), most of the “processes” I have
figured seem to group themselves. And it will be found
that with each type of process a corresponding type. of
main lobes is associated—the apical margins of the latter
running somewhat parallel to the lobes of the process,
so that with a “Y-shaped process” they converge very
obliquely or diagonally, embracing a great triangular gap
in which lies the process ; while with a “T-shaped pro-
cess” they run nearly or quite transversely, there 1s no
deep triangular gap, but the process stands out clearly
and boldly beyond the lobes. Also in the latter case
the lobes have sharp lateral corners, generally armed with
an actual spine or tooth, though occasionally this is too
much deflexed to be conspicuous in the ventral view of
the segment. In segments of the cementaria type, on the
contrary, the lobes are untoothed, their apices are rounded
or subtruncate. (In such acase as Fig. 15 the process is
no doubt somewhat Y-shaped, but I should class the
segment as a whole under the other type, that of morawitz1,
because the petiole of the process is wider than it ever is
in the cxmentaria type, the lobes of the process are, after
all, more transversely divergent, the apical margins also of
the main lobes running on the whole rather transversely
than diagonally, and terminating in an acute angle armed ~
with a distinct though deflexed tooth.)
In the longitudinal swleus, or narrow slit which separates
the two main lobes, another tooth-like object usually shows
itself, which, however, seems to be really only a pencil of
excessively stout and spine-like hairs. This, in segments
of the cwmentaria type, seems to be generally ill-developed
or even absent.
The pilosity of the main lobes may differ greatly even
in closely related species (cf. Figs. 11 and 18). As to the
process, its apical lobes are generally densely clothed
externally with excessively fine hairs, varying in length
and direction according to the species. Seldom (Figs. 2,
3, 4) the process is practically naked. In one case (Fig.
1) it is naked as a whole, but armed with two strong
bristly pencils before the apex, quite unlike anything to be
seen in any of the other species.
A comparison of the characters presented by this
segment in different species of the Group seems to me to
furnish rather important evidence as to the precise degree
of affinity in which certain of these probably stand to
|
|
in 17 Osmia-species of the adunca-Group. 165
others. Still I.do not mean that I would propose to classify
the Group according to these characters only.
We may now proceed to consider my Figures of this
segment in the several species examined by me. In each
case, after describing the segment, I shall say what I con-
sider the species possessing it to be, and where necessary,
shall give reasons for my belief, and mention other specific
characters of the insects under consideration.
I shall then add a separate note on the synonymy of four
especially puzzling species, and lastly give Diagnoses of
four other species of which I have been unable to find
descriptions, so that I am obliged to treat them as “ new.”
Fig. 1. The main lobes are rather angular laterally at
the apex, but unspined; their apical margins run only a
little obliquely: the tooth-like hair pencil in the groove
which separates them is conspicuous.
The basal part of the process is not petiole-like, but very
wide and almost rectangular. Before its apex are a pair
(near together) of conspicuous tubercles each emitting a
strong pencil of erect long hairs. The apex itself runs out
suddenly into a sort of long narrow spine, which laterally
(Fig. Ja) is seen to be much deflexed.
This species is, 1 believe, universally accepted as the
true adunca, Latr.
It is characterized by its black calcaria, shining some-
what naked dorsal segments, the form of its antenne, etc.,
and also in the ? (a character as yet, I believe, unnoticed),
by the production of the last ventral segment at its apex
into a triangular, somewhat reflexed, spine.
I have examined specimens from all parts between
Algeria and the Sea of Marmora, which completely agree
in the characters given above, and with the descriptions of
all authors consulted by me.
Fig. 2. The main lobes have rounded apices and their
margins run diagonally. Central hair pencil hardly
developed, and pilosity altogether short and thin.
The process is nearly triangular, with no tubercles or
pencils as in adunca. Its apex is drawn out gradually into
a spine; first deflexed, then again reflexed and a little
dilated (Fig. 2a).
The specimens before me are some of those I took in
Syria and Asia Minor in the spring of 1889, which have
been described by Friese (Entom. Nachricht.) under the
name /ysholin,
166 Rev. F. D. Morice on the 6th $ ventral segment
Fig. 22 shows its moniliform and almost clavate antenna,
which would alone distinguish it from any other species of
the group.
Fig. 3. The apices of the main lobes are rather narrowly
but not angularly truncated, their apical (rather straight)
margins run more obliquely than in adwnca. Central hair
pencil distinct.
The arcuate apical margin of the process is incised in
the centre (therefore bilobed). Between the lobes (before
this incision) rises a strong double longitudinal carina,
which laterally (Fig. 3a) shows as a procumbent compressed
tooth. The base of the process is quite unconstricted,
filling the whole space between the main lobes.
This is a very fine large insect, like a colossal adwnca
(length fully 16 mm.). I took one specimen in Algeria,
and Mr. Saunders has another, probably from the Ionian
islands, taken long ago by Sir 8. 8S. Saunders. It seems to
be undescribed, and I propose to call it manicata.
The antennz are formed much as in adwanca, but it has
pale hind calcaria, the base of the median “area cordi-
formis” with long clear striz, and the front tarsi very
densely fimbriated with long white hairs (manicata).
The metapleuree are more shining and less closely
punctured than in adunca. The apex of the 6th dorsal
segment is very strongly crenate (even erosed) with a large
central emargination. The 5th ventral is more shining,
with a larger puncturation (sparser on the disk), its apical
margin widely though gently sinuated inwards.
Of the flagellum, joints 3—5 are evidently wider than
long, 6—8 quadrate, 9—11 longer than wide; 3—7 gibbose
behind, 11—12 concave behind, convex in front (cf. Figs.
23, 23a).
The pilosity of the face, breast, and legs is whitish,
the rest bright fulvous, as are also the apical fasciz of
the abdominal dorsal segments.
Fig. 4. The main lobes have rounded apices, their
margins subarcuate and diagonally converging. The
central hair-pencil conspicuous.
The process is usually simple in form; it is nearly
hairless, its base unconstricted, its apical margin arcuate
and hardly emarginate in the centre (scarcely bilobate).
There is no definite tooth-like carina asin Fig. 3a, but a
slight wide central (longitudinal) elevation before the apex.
Perez has described this species as morawitzi, Gerst., and
in 17 Osmia-species of the adunca-Group. 167
his description is quoted in full by Schmiedeknecht. But
it can hardly be the morawitzw of Ducke; and I have
reason to think that the true morawitzi, Gerst. (= loti
Moraw.) is yet another species.
See on these points the note appended at the end of
this paper, and my figures of the antennz (¢) in the
species there discussed. The latter I have drawn each
in several points of view (1) from in front—the widest
aspect ; (2) from above—the narrowest ; (3) from behind—
to display as fully as possible the convexities of the
separate joints. The present species 1s represented in
Figs. 24, etc.*
This insect—morawitzi, Perez, as I shall call it for the
present—I have taken freely in Algeria and occasionally
in South France (never further east!). It frequents
Echium, which loti (teste, Morawitz) does not.
To the characters given by Perez the following may
be added.
Intermediate and hind femora in both sexes acutely
spined at their apices (Fig. 19). The character is unusual,
and striking (when not concealed by the tibia). ¢ Hind
metatarsus unusually elongate, measuring quite 4 of the
tibia (in adunca less than 3). 2 Last ventral segment
produced at the apex as in adwnca, but into a narrower
spine, rather linear than triangular, and not (as in adunca)
red but black. (I must own that I cannot follow Perez
in his description of the last dorsal segment which seems
to me /ess and not more impressed transversely than that
of adwnca.)
The calcaria vary strangely in colour. They may be
quite pale or almost as black as in adunca !
Fig. 5. Apices of the main lobes sharply angular, but
a little deflexed which gives them a truncate look, their
slightly convex margins run rather obliquely.
The process has a distinctly constricted petiole-like base ;
at the apex it is divided by a triangular incision into two
slightly pilose reniform lobes which widen gradually from
apex to base.
This is one of the “types” of Friese’s pici taken by me
in Syria, and described by him in Ent. Nachricht. As
* Although I have taken extreme care in placing the antenne as
horizontally as possible, some joints are inevitably foreshortened
differently in different aspects. So their comparative lengths cannot
be reckoned with precision from these figures.
158 Rey. F. D. Morice on the 6th f ventral segment
he has fully described its external characters, I will only
add a figure of the antenna (Fig. 25) to show its curious
dilatations and hook-like apex.
Fig. 6. Main lobes rounded with rather sites truncated
apices, and densely hairy (yet with hardly any definite
central pencil). Their margins, as also those of the two
next species, run very diagonally, embracing an almost
equilaterally triangular space in which hes the basal
portion of the process, nearly filling it.
The process has a distinct narrow petiole, from which
proceed two gradually widening pilose plume-hke lobes,
their outer margins running parallel to the sides of the
triangular gap above mentioned, and almost touching
them ; their inner margins are separated by a long narrow
and linear gap till near the apex, where the lobes are
rounded off and the gap between them widens. The
greatest width of the lobes (a little before their apices)
measures about # of their greatest length.
The species is common in the Mediterranean regions:
I have taken it in France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria
and Algeria. Ducke calls it spinole, Schenck.; but as
he does not consider it to be the spinolx of Lepelletier,
and as it is generally admitted to be the cwmentaria of
Gerstzecker, under which name it has frequently been
referred to by well-known writers, I prefer to follow
Schmiedeknecht and call it cwmentaria, Gerst. The insect
being well known, I will here only mention that in the
@ the apical ventral segment is not, as in adunca and
morawitzt, Perez, produced spinosely at the apex.
Fig. 7. The main lobes differ from those of cwmentaria
in being hardly truncate but almost angled (roundly how-
ever) at their apices.
The process is very like that of cementaria, but does
not so nearly fill the triangular gap containing it. The
lobes are much narrower (quite three times as long as
broad), they spring from a longer petiole (which removes
their inferior margins from the main lobes, while in
cementaria these almost touch each other), they widen
comparatively little towards their apices, so that the
division between them is wider and more triangular,
giving them the appearance of being more divergent.
This species I take to be Lepelletieri, Perez. It com-
pletely suits his description (5th ventral segment “trisinué, ’
comparatively simple antenne, etc.). I have taken it
ee ee ee a ee
in 17 Osmia-species of the adunca-Group. 169
myself only in the Alps. It seems to be a decidedly near
relation of cwmentaria, though easily distinguishable from
it. (It also has 2 ventral apex, not spinose !)
Fig. 8. Differs from Fig. 6 (cementaria) chiefly in the
outline of the main lobes, which are more completely oval,
their inner margins much more convex, which diminishes
the triangular gap between them, and seems to thrust
the process further out towards the apex of the segment.
The process (except in its situation, as just stated) is
almost identical with that of cementaria.
I have only one specimen of this insect (from Rome)
and am rather unwilling to make a new species of it, since
I can only find one substantial external character to dis-
tinguish it from cementaria. That however is a very
strong one, unless indeed it be an individual malformation,
viz. the last joint of the antenne is strongly excavated,
making its tip into a bent narrow spine or hook—much
as in pict, only the joint is shorter and the hook more
abrupt. ‘The other joints are simple, and resemble those
of cxementaria (see Fig. 26).
Supposing it to be not a monstrosity, but a species of
which other examples may occur, I propose for it the
name romana.
Fig. 9. The apices of the main lobes are acute, and show
underneath the transparent upper layer of their thickened
part, distinct sharp lateral teeth or spines (though the
actual margin, formed by the layer mentioned above, is
not’ spinose but only angulated). The margins run a
little obliquely, hardly diagonally, less as in the species
lately described than as in those which are to follow.
The process also is more of the type which will hereafter
present itself. It has a wide transverse petiole, more solid
and somewhat clouded down the middle, from which are
thrown off, not in an apical or diagonal direction but
transversely (horizontally in the figure) two shortly pilose
lobes with a very shallow incision or emargination between
their apices. ‘The lobes in this case are almost round,
as wide as long, not elongated as in most of the species.
My specimens ff and 99 are all from Palestine or Syria.
I can find no description of the species, which from the
rounded fan-like lobes attached to the 6th segment (as
above stated) I propose to call flabellifera.
It has a good deal the aspect of lepelleticri, to which
however it cannot, I think, be really a very near relation.
170 Rev. F. D. Morice on the 6th $ ventral segment
Perhaps its most striking f character is in the last dorsal
segment. This is very broad and somewhat bilobate
(see Fig. 31), quite unlike any other m this group, to
which however I am satisfied that it belongs. (For
other characters see the Diagnoses which follow.)
Fig. 10. Not unlike the last, but the main lobes with
more transversely running margins, evidently spinose at
the apices, only the teeth are deflexed, so that the segment
must be viewed from in front to see them satisfactorily.
The process more transverse, its lobes being rather
narrower and longer, their direction completely transverse.
This, I believe, is yheringi, Ducke. Herr Alfken gave
me a pair from Triest, and I have specimens which seem
identical, which I took in Egypt. It is described in
Ducke’s recently published supplement to Apidz Europes
(Genus Osmia).
Fig. 11. Apices of the main lobes very sharp and
evidently spinose, their sides before these teeth show a
very long and conspicuous pilosity (unlike anything yet
encountered, but usual in the species which are to follow),
The process with a wide petiole ; the lobes long, narrow
and pointed, their apical margins gently sinuated, and
clothed (as are the lobes throughout) with fine, rather
long, incurved hairs.
This, I believe, is the true lotz ¢ Moraw. (= morawitzi,
Gerst.). See the Note following this paper, where I discuss
its characters.
I have only taken two specimens (Petit Saleve near
Geneva), see Figs. 20, 21, 27.
Fig. 12. Differs from the last chiefly in the shape of
the process, whose transverse lobes are more widely
separated at their bases; they are broader in proportion
to their length, and their superior or apical margins are
much more abruptly and deeply sinuated near the apices,
the corresponding curve in morawitzi being so gentle and
gradual as to be hardly noticeable.
The spinose angles, lateral pilosity (a little shorter,
however,) direction of margin, etc., of the main lobes almost
exactly as in morawitzt.
This is difformis, Perez; but not Ducke’s difformis, who
describes the present species I believe under ihe name
morawitzu, Gerst. (See the Note above mentioned for
discussion of this question.) For the antennz see Figs. 28,
28a, 28b.
~ ae AO
in 17 Osmia-species of the adunca-Group. Pal
Fig. 13. The main lobes shaped like the last, but their
apical margins, if possible, even straighter, and the lateral
spinosity still more marked. Their pilosity however is
very different, being quite short and scanty at the sides.
The process is most conspicuously “ T-shaped,” its apical
margin running quite transversely with almost no sinua-
tion. It is clothed with intensely fine and regular hairs ;
and the inferior margins of the lobes and the longitudinal
interval between their bases is marked by a distinct and
well-defined brown stain on the otherwise vitreous sub-
stance, which gives the segment a peculiar and seemingly
constant appearance in all my specimens.
This is certainly pallicornis, Friese (= difformis, Ducke
nec Perez. See Note at the end of this paper).
I figure its very curious ¢ flagellum in Figs. 29, 29a,
29b.
My specimens are from Asia Minor and Syria, Mr.
Saunders has others from the Ionian Islands.
Fig. 14, Exceeding like Fig. 11, but the main lobes
have more convex apical margins, and their lateral teeth
are even stronger than in difformis. Lateral pilosity (as
in Fig. 11) well developed. The lobes of the process are
more widely separated at their bases, and the apical
margin is decidedly trisinuate (the central sinuation most
marked),
This is a “typical” specimen from Majorca of insularis,
Schmiedeknecht, given to me by Herr Friese. It is
evidently a near relation of loti and difformis.
Fig. 15. Main lobes sharply angled, with deflexed lateral
teeth (only conspicuous when the segment is viewed from
its apex). Their apical margins unusually concave, running
almost in a single continuous curve.
Process peculiar, the lobes being very parallel-sided
(almost oblong); set very obliquely—so as to embrace
with their apical margins a large triangular gap (the
triangle, however, rather right-angled than, as in Figs. 7,
etc., acute-angled) ; and clothed, especially at their apices
with long incurving hairs.
My specimens are from Algeria mostly, but a few (quite
like the rest) from Jaffa. I believe that they may safely
be referred to /fertoni, Perez, to whose description they
completely answer. They have not the punctuation
of his albi-spina which I have seen. The species nests
in snail-shells.
172 Rev. F. D. Morice on the 6th f§ ventral segment
Fig. 16. Main lobes with angles spined as in fertoni, but
the apical margins more convex. |
Lobes of process much shorter, and widened from base to
apex, so that they are nearly adjacent throughout, and the
gap between them is inconspicuous—much deeper than
wide. The pilosity is also shorter.
I take this species to be vaulogeri, Perez, judging
however only from the description of that species. It
is a good deal like sheringi (Fig. 10), but the process is
certainly not identical. (Its hairs are quite otherwise
directed.) I have examined two specimens from Algiers.
Fig. 17. The main lobes differ from any yet examined,
in that their apices lie in the centre of the segment, the
margins descending thence (instead of rising or running
transversely) towards the spined lateral angles. Conse-
quently they (2. ¢. the apices) form a pair of acute adjacent
angles overlapping the base of the process—an easily
recognizable character !
The process is hardly to be distinguished from that of
morawitzi, but its lobes are a little wider in proportion
to their length. And, owing to the descending outline of
the main lobes, it stands out more boldly at the sides.
I think this species must be undescribed. I took it —
($f and 2) at Brumana near Beirut (Syria) in 1899, and
propose to call it debanensis. For its external characters,
see the Diagnosis given below. (Forits f antenna, Fig. 30.)
The fifth ¢ ventral segment is decidedly peculiar, but
whether its singularity has anything to do with that of
the 6th I cannot venture to say, though I suspect so.
Below its actual, (centrally incised but otherwise simple,)
somewhat transparent margin, may be seen a sort of
secondary inner margin, formed by a thicker darker and
more solid layer of substance. This “ante-margin,” if we
may so call it, is incised (like the true margin) in the
centre, and at the corners it is evidently and sharply
spinose—like the 6th segment. Also, laterally (near the
base) it emits two oblique pencils of thin long hairs,
which can be seen projecting on each side, even when the
abdomen is viewed from above. JI have not noticed a
similar character in any other species.
Besides the above 17 species, I took near Jerusalem in
1899 what is evidently yet another (probably undescribed)
species of the same group, with a curiously triangular
(almost acuminate) 7th dorsal segment, and a 6th ventral
in 17 Osmia-spectes of the adunca-Group. 173
somewhat like that of cewmentaria. But I do not describe
it, as it is a single specimen, and in poor condition.
Note on the synonymy of four species.
It seems to me quite impossible that the difformis of
Ducke (=pallicornis, Friese) should be identical with
Perez’s difformis.
In the former, according to Ducke’s and Friese’s figures
and also my own specimens (Figs. 29, 29a, and 29b), the
basal joints of the flagellum are excessively broad as seen
in front, and the inferior margins of the basal joints form a
series of sharp serrations, while those of the following
joints are at least gibbosely dilated. Ducke and Friese
also describe the apical joint as acute (‘‘zugespitzt ”), and
it is so in several specimens belonging to Mr. Saunders,
though hardly so (except when showed laterally) in that
which I have figured (Asia Minor), (Fig. 29).
Now of his difformis Perez describes the antenna most
minutely, and the following tabulation will show how
absolutely it differs from that of Ducke’s species
Difformis Perez (sec. ipsum).
Second joint of flagellum ‘‘a peu
pres aussi large au bout que long.”
Last joint ‘‘once and a half as
long as wide, en ovale irregulier.”
Upper and lower margins of flagel-
lum straight ‘‘non arrondis comme
chez L’O. Morawitz.”’
Posterior ‘‘saillies” of flagellum
most marked on joints 2-4, hardly
indicated on 5-6, redeveloped on
joints following.
Joints 5-6 narrower than those
adjoining.
Flagellum evidently twice bent
“en arriere puis en avant,” the first
bend occurring “ au niveau de” joints
5-6.
(For a flagellum really answering
to this description see my Fig. 28a.)
Difformis Perez (sec. Ducke).
Second joint at least once and a
half as wide as long.
Last joint quite three times as long
as wide, narrowly conical, tubercu-
late near base below. (See Ducke’s
Fig.)
Lower margin with all the apical
joints “arrondis’”’ and all the basal
sharply serrate.
“Saillie” on joint 2 not more
marked than those on 5-6, which are
acute and prominent, more so than
on any of the joints following.
Joints 5-6 as wide or rather wider
than those adjoining.
Flagellum almost imperceptibly
bent between joints 6, 7 and again
between joints 8, 9. (See Ducke’s
Fig. b.)
In every one of these items except the last the two
sides of the table contradict each other absolutely, and
even in that their agreement is imperfect.
Furthermore, Ducke says in a footnote that an “angeb-
lich typisches” pair of difformis sent by Perez to Friese
were not difformis and must have been sent as such by
mistake.
He adds that Perez’s description (though not
174 Rev. F. D. Morice on the 6th f ventral segment
these “types”) “passt genau auf pallicornis, Friese”: a
statement, which considering the characters cited above,
I am quite unable to understand.
If then Perez’s difformis is, as maintained above, not
identical with pallicornis, what is it?
I believe it to be a species not uncommon on the Alps,
whose antenue (Figs. 28, etc.) correspond in every respect
to those of difformis as the author describes them, while in
other characters also it corresponds and especially in the
somewhat dull and closely punctured fifth ventral segment
—that of pallicornis being punctured much more sparsely
and very shining.
Now this species, I feel certain, is Ducke’s morawitzti.
Perez’s morawitzi it cannot possibly be, if only on account
of the 5th ventral segment (morawitzi “ brillant, ponctu-
ation espacée!”) But Ducke’s morawitzw I believe it is!
The antenna he figures under that name resembles those
of my Swiss specimens, and fits much better with Perez's
description of difformis than with that by the same author
of morawitzt. Also in the footnote above cited Ducke says
that the dzfformis-types sent to Friese by Perez “sich als
morawitzit erwiesen.” If difformis, Perez = morawitztt,
Ducke nec Perez, that is natural! And surely it is far
more likely that Perez and Ducke should differ in their
idea of morawitzz, than that the former author should have
mistaken for his own species (difformis) another (morawitzt
sec. Perez) which he has so carefully distinguished from it
in his well-known papers on the subject. —
I had not only written thus far, but (as I supposed) had
completed this paper, when a kind communication from
Professor Perez entirely confirmed the views above stated.
He has sent specimens both of difformis and of morawitzi
as described by himself. Dzfformis is not pallicornis, but
as the species of my Figs. 12, 28, etc. and also (I believe) the
morawitzit of Ducke. Morawitzi is a species to which none
of Ducke’s descriptions correspond, which I have taken
freely in South France and Algeria, and to which belong
my Figs. 4, 24, ete.
This latter species (morawitz1, Perez nec Ducke) we have
now to consider. Is it, or is it not, the morawitzi of
Gerstecker = loti ¢ Morawitz (nec ? ?) ?
Gerstecker not having described but only renamed the
insect, we are thrown back upon Morawitz’s description of
his Jota in Hore Rossic. V, p. 68, in which the f flagellum is
in 17 Osmia-species of the adunca-Group. 175
said to be “in der Gegend des siebenten gliedes deutlich
gebogen” and “die vordere Fliche ist abgeplattet, die
hintere aber tritt stark hervor.” These, as Perez points
out, are characters of the present species (morawitzi sec.
Perez). It hasa flagellum bent once (not twice as difformis)
about the 7th joint, and the joints up to the 10th have
evident posterior dilatations or “saillies” creating “une serie
d’échancrures.” These “saillies” resemble those of dif-
formas, but are certainly not quite so strong, and so Perez
tells us, giving other minute details as to points unnoticed
by Morawitz.
So far all seems satisfactory, but—
(1) Morawitz says that his species instead of visiting
Echiwm like adunca, ete. visits “exclusively” Lotus
corniculatus. :
Now morawitzi, Perez, undoubtedly visits Hcehiwm, and
Perez gives as its plants “ Echium and Lotus.”
(2) There exists another species; differing from Perez’s
but possessing likewise the antennal characters of Joti ;
which (like Morawitz’s loti-types) occurs in Switzerland,
and which seems to me to correspond even better than
morawitzt, Perez, to the description of Lotz.
Of this species I have two f ¢ taken on the Petit Saleve
near Geneva, while I have only found morawitz, Perez, in
South France and Algeria.
This is the insect to which belong my Figs. 11, 20, 21,
i. 2ha, 27b.
I think it must be rather rare, as it seems unknown to
Ducke, and I have seen no specimens of it except my own.
(There are none in Mr. Saunders’s collection, apparently.)
The I do not know: and Gerstecker says that Morawitz
took no females of his dotz, those which he supposed to be
such being really only cwmentaria.
It differs from morawitzi, Perez, which it strongly
resembles, in several important points. (1) The # 6th
ventral segment (Fig. 11) is totally different, almost
exactly like that of difformis ; (2) the femora have not
spinosely produced apices, as in Perez’s species (Fig. 19).
(Unfortunately Morawitz is silent as to these characters in
his description of Jot.) (3) The antennal joints are rather
more transverse. (This suits /otz.)
Another, but a trifling, difference is in the colour of the
antenne. These are more brightly red in the Swiss
species. So far as it goes, that is in favour of identifying
176 Rev. F. D. Morice on the 6th ¢ ventral segment
it, rather than the Algerian species, with lote Morawitz.
But it is merely a question of degree.
On the whole, in spite of the points of agreement
between Jotz, Mor., and morawitzt, Perez, I think that the
former insect is probably not identical with the latter, but
rather with my specimens from the Petit Saléve. And
(pace Gerstzecker) I do not see why it should not keep the
name of dott, Mor. (I am not at all satisfied as to
Morawitz’s females being really cxmentaria, however
closely to Gersteecker’s eye they may have resembled them. )
Accordingly in my opinion we have four distinct species,
as follows—
1. lott, Mor. (¢! 2 2) (= morawitzi, Gerst. !).
2. morawitzi, Perez (nec Gerst.? nec Ducke !).
5. difformis, Perez (nec Ducke ! = morawitzi, Ducke).
4, pallicornis, Friese (= difformis Ducke! nec Perez !)
I sincerely hope that this note will not be taken as an
impertinent attack on Herr Ducke’s most suggestive and
valuable work. Although iy conclusions differ from his,
I should never have been in a position to draw any
conclusions at all about these bewildering species without
the materials he has collected. And it is certain that his
book goes far beyond anything yet published towards
facilitating the study of Osmia for ordinary entomologists.
Specierum quas pro novis habeo diagnoses,
1. O. manicata, n. sp. (Figs. 3, 3a, 23, 23a.)
¢ niger ; facie pedibus subtus que pallido-, superne fulvo-pilosus
abdominis fimbriis stratis apicalibus concoloribus. Exemplaribus
permagnis adwncx simillimus : differt antennis basi fortius dilatatis,
articulis intermediis pro latitudine longioribus subquadratis, tarsis
anticis multo densius fimbriatis, calcaribus posticis pallidis, punetis
sculpturaque fortioribus, preecipue autem segmento ventrali sexto
nec ante apicem bipenicillato nec in spinam deflexam producto, sed
ante incisuram marginis medii profundam carina alta dentiformi
instructo. Long. 16 mm. |
9 nobis ignota.
Habitat. ALGERIA; INSULZ IONTIA.
2. O. romana, n. sp.? (Figs. 8, 26.)
d¢ antennarum articulo ultimo ut in acuticormi etc. paene monstrose
hamiformi. Ceteroquin vix a cxementaria distinguenda, nisi forte
seymento dorsali sexto acutius bidentato ; margine huius medio sat
Oe eT
in 17 Osmia-species of the adunca-Group. Eee
profunde inciso ; ventralis sexti lobis incrassatis magis approximatis,
(igitur incisura triquetra angustiore divisis, nec inter se tam magnam
partem processus apicalis amplectentibus). |
? nobis ignota.
Halitat, Roma.
3. O. flabellifera, n. sp. (Fig. 9.)
Species aspectu O. lepelletieri simillima, corpore paullo nitidiore.
6 facile dignoscitur segmento dorsali septimo apice lato in medio
plus minusve inciso (igitur fere bilobato): ventralis sexti lobis
praecipuis apicibus acutis et inferne dentiformibus, hiatu inter hos
multo minus profundo, processu apicali magis exserto lobis fere
rotundis, breviter subtilissime pilosis, haud oblique sed tranverse
excurrentibus.
Antenne maris leniter deplanatze, fere simplices, articulis omnibus
latitudine longioribus. Segmenti mediani area cordiformis opaca
basi longitudinalitur striata. Segmentum dorsale sextum margine
apicali crenulato, in medio haud exciso. Ventrale quintam apice
late leniter emarginato, punctis fere ut in ¢ lepelletieri:
2 a lepelletiert .vix distinguenda, nisi forte pilis brevioribus
minusque densis, dorsum certe abdominis aliquo modo _nitidius
videtur, etiam fimbriis apicalibus haud conspicuis (an in exemplaribus
meis 2 detritis ?)
Habitat. JUDHA; SYRIA.
4. O. libanensis, n. sp. (Figs. 17, 30.)
Adunex similis sed minor (long. cire. 8-9 mill.) abdomine fortius
punctulato, calcaribus pallidis.
¢ antennis deplanatis, articulis flagelli antice 3,4, 5 fere aeque latis,
inde usque ad apicem lenissime sensim angustatis, postice articulis
2 et 3 inferne fortissime, 4 lenius, ceteris haud vel vix gibbose
productis.
Segmento ventrali 5to apicem versus et in medio sat dense
punctulato, basi utrinque evidenter penicillata (!) margine apicali
quasi duplici, in medio inciso, lateraliter spinose subtus densato :
6to, lobis preecipuis singulariter apicibus non ad latera segmenti sed
in medio sitis, processus basim celantibus—hoc fere omnino ut in
morawitzi formato, lobis longis angustis transverse excurrentibus.
2 ab adunca calcaribus pallidis, corpore minore, abdomine fortius
punctulato, segmento ventrali sexto apice haud spinose producto ;
a cementaria difformi etc. abdomine brevissime tenuiter piloso
facillime distinguenda.
Halitat, SyRiA (Brumana in Libano).
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLaTE VII.
¢ 6th ventral seyment, viewed ventrally, in
Fiag, 1. O. adwnea, Pz. (1a. apex of do. laterally).
. O. lysholini, Friese (2a. apex of do. laterally).
O. manicata, n. sp. (8a. apex of do. laterally).
99 to
O. morawitz, Perez (nec Ducke).
OQ. pici, Friese.
. O. cementaria, Gerst.
O. lepelletieri, Perez.
. O. romana, n. sp.
O. flabellifera, n. sp.
. O. jheringi, Ducke.
. O. loti, Mor. (2).
so MH ST ot
ke
i S)
12. O. difformis, Perez (morawitzii, Ducke),.
13. 0. pallicornis, Friese (difformis, Ducke).
14. O. insularis, Schmiedekn.
15. O. fertoni, Perez.
16. O. vaulogeri, Perez (probably).
17. O. libanensis, n. sp.
18. O. adunca, S$ femur.
19. O. morawitzi, Perez.
20. OU. loti, ¢ Tth and 8th ventral segments.
71. 4° 3d genitalia.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLATE VIII.
g Antenna of
Fia, 22. O. lysholmi.
23. O. manicata (in front), 23a (from above).
24. O. morawitzii, Perez. 24a, 24b (from behind).
25. O. pict.
26. O. romana (apex only).
27. O. loti (2) (in front), 27a (from above), 27b (behind).
28. O. difformis (in front), 28a (from above), 28b (behind). .
29. O. pallicornis (in front), 29a (from above), 29b (behind).
30. O. libanensis.
31. 7th dorsal segment in O. flabellifera.
6 29 <')
VIII. List of the Cetoniide collected by Messrs. H. E.
ANDREWES and J. R. D. BELL wm the Bombay
Presidency of India, with descriptions of the new
species. By OLIver E. Janson, F.E.S.
[Read March 6th, 1901.]
ALTHOUGH Mr. Andrewes’s collection of this family of his
Coleoptera is not a large one, it includes several species
that are interesting on account of the doubt that pre-
viously existed as to their habitat, and three that are new.
I have given a complete list in preference to merely
describing the new ones, as I think it is always desirable
to have a record of authentic localities, and nothing of the
kind has hitherto been published on the Cetontide of this
part of India. Of the twenty-seven species enumerated
seven are, as far as is at present known, peculiar to the
Bombay district, thirteen of the others are also found in
Mysore, Travancore, and other parts of southern India and
Ceylon, and four only have a northern range, occurring also
in central India and Bengal, whilst the remaining three are
of wide distribution and have a range beyond the limits of
Continental India and Ceylon.
I have to thank Mr. Andrewes for the liberal manner in
which he has allowed me to retain specimens, in several
instances uniques, for my own collection, and regret that
the publication of this paper has been so unavoidably
delayed.
1. TRIGONOPHORUS DELESSERTI, Gueér.
Kanara.
Taken by Mr. Bell, rarely, on trees in evergreen jungle.
2. HETERORRHINA OBESA, Jans.
Kanara; Belgaum.
3. HETERORRHINA OLIVACEA, Guér.
Kanara; Belgaum.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART Il. (JULY) 13
180 Mr. O. E. Janson’s List of the Cetonude,
This rather common §. Indian species is usually very
constant in its uniform olive-green colour, from which it
derives its name; but amongst those obtained by Mr.
Andrewes there is an example, which he has kindly
allowed me to retain for my own collection, of a light
green colour similar to that of A. punectatissima, but
otherwise quite normal.
4, HETERORRHINA SINUATOCOLLIS, Schaum.
Belgaum.
A small series of this rather scarce species include
several of the beautiful deep blue variety, which are rather
larger than the normal form, and have the exposed portion
of the meta-coxe, the underside of the meso-sternal
epimera, and the femora deep red, tinged with purple,
and the tibiz and tarsi black or piceous.
5, HETERORRHINA ELEGANS, Fab.
Kanara; Belgaum.
6. DIcEROS CUVERA, Newm.
Kanara. !
7. CLINTERIA GUTTIFERA, Burm.
Kanara.
8. CLINTERIA HILARIS, Burm.
Kanara. :
9. CLINTERIA TETRASPILA, Hope.
Kanara.
A single specimen only of this scarce species, taken by
Mr. Bell.
10. CLINTERIA BELLI, n. sp.
Obscure viridi-zenea, sub-nitida; thorace
remote punctato, lateribus albo-marginato ;
elytris obsolete punctato-striatis, singulo vitta
magna, apice trilobata, alba; subtus pedibusque
nigro-enea nitida.
Long. 17-18 mm.
Obscure brassy-green, head and thorax some-
what shining, with or without a coppery tinge,
underside and legs greenish- or brassy-black, shining. Head
ie
Cl\innker ra belly.
With Descriptions of the New Species. 181
convex in the centre, rather strongly punctured, clypeus with the
margins raised, the apex impressed and emarginate. Thorax re-
motely punctured on the disk, more coarsely and closely punctured
towards the sides and apex, basal angles strongly rounded, a
broad white marginal band on each side. Elytra with somewhat
indistinct fine punctures arranged in rows, the apex more coarsely
and irregularly punctured, the apical sutural angles slightly rounded,
depressed in the centre and with a broad longitudinal white streak
extending from the base to about one-fourth from the apex where it
becomes dilated and trilobed. Pygidium coarsely and transversely
strigose, with a large and somewhat triangular white spot on each
side. Underside and legs very coarsely punctured, mesosternal
process large, obliquely divergent and obtuse at the apex, sides of
the metasternum and abdomen with white spots, anterior tibiz with
two strong but obtuse lateral teeth.
Kanara.
The remarkable markings on the elytra render this a
most conspicuous species and at once distinguish it from
all others ; it is evidently allied to C. tetraspila, Hope, but
is rather larger and of a broader, more depressed and
quadrate form, and has the thorax more rounded at the
sides. The two specimens submitted to me by Mr.
Andrewes, one of which he has allowed me to retain, are
apparently females, and were taken by Mr. Bell.
11. AGESTRATA ORICHALCEA, Lin., var. withilli, Hope.
Kanara.
12. MacronoTa (IXORIDA) ALBOGUTTATA, Parry.
Kanara.
Two specimens taken by Mr. Bell, in flowers, in June.
This species, described by Parry, from an Indian speci-
men, is stated by him to have been also received from the
Philippine Islands, and this locality is given as its habitat
in the Munich Catalogue, there is but little doubt how-
ever that the closely allied vdwa, Wall., propingua, Mohn.,
or mindanoensis, Mohn., all Philippine species, has been
mistaken for it, and thus led to this error as to locality.
182 Mr, O. E. Janson’s List of the Cetoniide,
13. THNIODERA SANNIO, Jans.
Belgaum; Kanara.
I described this pretty species from five or six specimens
received from Travancore all of which prove to be of the
male sex; a good series collected by Mr. Bell include both
the sexes; the female is very similar to the male but has
the yellow markings on the thorax rather broader and
more strongly marked with black punctures, the spot on
the pygidium is broader and rounder, the abdominal
yellow spots or stripes are much smaller, the legs are
rather stouter, with stronger lateral teeth on the anterior
tibize ; the abdomen is more convex, and the penultimate
segment has a fringe of golden hairs.
14, GLYCYPHANA ALBOPUNCTATA, Fab.
Kanara; Belgaum. On flowers, June and July.
15. GLYCYPHANA VERSICOLOR, Fab.
Dharwar, on roses; Poona; Belgaum. June and
July.
16. GLYCYPHANA ANDREWESI, 0. sp.
Robusta, obscure viridis vel olivacea, supra opaca, subtus nitida ;
thorace parce punctato, lateribus anguste albo-marginato ; scutello,
elytris pygidioque albo-notatis.
Long. 14-15 mm.
Var. thorace utrinque postice, elytris vitta lata obscure sanguineis.
Head coarsely and closely punctured at the base, the punctures finer
and sparser towards the apex, clypeus broad, impressed on each side
and deeply notched at the apex. Thorax more than one-third
broader at the base than long, broadly emarginate before the scutel-
lum, finely and remotely punctured on the disk behind, more coarsely
punctured at the sides and in front, narrowly margined with white
at the sides, and in some specimens with a large red basal spot on
each side. Scutellum broad and triangular, impunctate, with a
small white spot at the apex. LElytra with some rows of rather
irregular semi-circular punctures, the discal costs but slightly raised
behind and becoming obsolete towards the base, five to seven small
white spots on each disposed as in the allied species, in some speci-
mens with a broad longitudinal red stripe in the centre. Pygidium
convex, coarsely and transversely strigose, the strie waved and
5 ee eee ae
With Descriptions of the New Species. 183
interrupted in places but not very close together ; four white spots
in a transverse row near the base. Underside coarsely strigose, with
sparse hairs and white spots at the sides ; mesosternal process broad,
a little dilated and rounded at the apex ; abdomen with a double
row of transverse white spots on each side. Legs short and stout,
the femora fringed with yellowish hairs, anterior tibize with two
lateral teeth, tarsi black.
Kanara; Belgaum.
Allied to G. prasina, Hope, but rather larger and more robust
with the scutellum broader and more obtuse, the clypeus less
narrowed towards the apex, the whole punctuation of the head
distinct and well separated (not confluent and forming striz as in
that species), the punctuation of the thorax is also more sparse and
not confluent at the sides, the pygidium is more coarsely and much
less closely strigose and the mesosternal process is flatter, and broader
at the apex, the upper surface is also devoid of the fine setae which
are always more or less present in prasina, and the colour is darker,
_ Mr. Andrewes took two specimens at Nagargali (Belgaum
district) in April and May 1887, and received others from
Mr. Bell who states both the type form and variety to be
common on flowers in Kanara, in June.
17. EUMIMIMETICA IRRORATA, Wall.
Cetona (2) trrorata, Wall, Trans. Ent. Soc., 3, iv,
p. 588 (1868).
Pseudanthracophora striatipennis, Kz., D. KE. Z., 1898,
p. 407.
Belgaum.
Two specimens, taken by Mr. Andrewes during the rains
in 1886, I find to agree perfectly with this species of which
I possess the original type specimen from the collection of
the late Major Perry ; this specimen 1s labelled “ Philippine
Islands” and was described by Wallace as coming from
that locality, but I have no doubt this is an error now that
I have identified it as an Indian species.
It comes in Burmeister’s section II. of the genus
Anoplochilus and is closely allied to terrosa, Gory, for
which Kraatz has (D. E. Z., 1881, p. 264) proposed a separate
genus under the name of Humimimetica; it also agrees
quite well with the characters given of his more recently
created genus Pseudanthracophora, which therefore sinks
184 Mr. O. E. Janson’s List of the Cetonude,
as a synonym and it is perhaps fortunate to be relieved
of so unwieldy a name.
18. ANATONA STILLATA, Newm.
Kanara; Belgaum.
Very common in September and October on grass-stems.
19. CHILOLOBA ACUTA, Wiedm.
Kanara; Belgaum.
Very common in September and October, clinging to
grass.
20. PROTAETIA REGALIS, Burm.
Kanara, Mr. Bell,
21. PROTETIA ALBOGUTTATA, Vigors.
Poona; Kanara; Belgaum.
Very common on flowers and flying about in the
gardens and fields, and very often taken in the house;
in 1887 Mr. Andrewes noticed very few specimens until
the commencement of the rains (about June 10th) when
it became at once exceedingly common.
The series in Mr, Andrewes’ collection exhibit remarkable
variation in size, colour, and in the number and extent of
the white spots.
22. PROTHTIA MACULATA, Fab.
Kanara.
23. PROTATIA PEREGRINA, Hbst.
Kanara; Belgaum.
24 ANTHRACOPHORA CRUCIFERA, Oliv.
Kanara; Belgaum.
Taken in June and July, also in September, at the
exuding juices of trees, with Heterorrhina olivacea.
25. C@NOCHILUS TRABECULA, Schaum.
Belgaum.
A single male specimen taken by Mr. Aoneca oe during
With Descriptions of the New Species. 185
the rains in 1886 and which he has kindly given to me,
I refer, with but slight hesitation, to this species; it
agrees fairly well with Westwood’s description and figure
(Thesaurus Entom., p. 44, pl. 13, fig. 10) except that the
colour is piceous black, the thorax rather broader behind
and more finely punctured, the abdomen very deeply and
broadly impressed, the anterior tibiz show no indication
whatever of a third tooth and the posterior tibiz are
strongly dilated on the inner side from the middle to the
apex, the dilatation commencing abruptly and forming an
acute angle, and very similar to that shown in Westwood’s
figure (lc. fig. 3) of C. brunneus. As the chief of these
points of difference are evident male characters I infer
that Schaum’s original type specimen, from which West-
wood’s description and figure are taken, is a female
example, and that the male sex was unknown to either
of them.
26. C@NOCHILUS PYGIDIALIS, n. sp.
Elongatus, nigro-piceus, sub-nitidus; subtus rufo-piceus ; capite
rugoso-punctato ; thorace sub-rotundato, postice truncato, crebre
punctato; elytris tri-sulcatis, cribrissime aciculatis, lateribus punc-
tatis; pygidio transverse carinato; tibiis anticis dilatatis, obtuse
dentatis.
Long. 16 millim.
Elongate, piceous black, slightly shining, the pygidium, underside
and legs reddish piceous and more shining. Head closely covered
with coarse confluent punctures and with a rather strong transverse
basal ridge, clypeus widened in front, with the angles rounded and
the apical margin slightly emarginate and reddish. Thorax strongly
rounded at the sides, widest just behind the middle, where it is a
little broader than long, basal margin straight, with the lateral
angles strongly rounded, very closely punctured and with an im-
pressed median line extending from near the base to a little beyond
the middle, a deep transverse fovea on each side at the base.
Scutellum convex, closely punctured and very acute at the apex.
Elytra very densely and irregularly aciculate and punctured, the
base and sides more distinctly punctured, strongly trisuleate on
the disk and with a deeply impressed line above the lateral sinus,
rounded at the apex with the sutural angles obtuse. Pygidium
divided by a very strong transverse ridge in the middle, the upper
portion very closely and finely aciculate and with a small fovea on
each side at the base, the lower portion irregularly but not very
186 Mr. O. E. Janson’s List of the Cetonride, ete.
closely punctured, a little impressed at the sides and with a shght
longitudinal central ridge. Underside strigose; prosternal spine
large and fringed with yellow-brown hairs; posterior margin of the
prosternum raised into an acute ridge in the centre; metasternum
densely strigose and with decumbent yellowish pubescence. Legs
punctured, femora fringed with short yellowish hairs, anterior tibize
dilated towards the apex, a broad subapical tooth and the apex
obtuse; posterior tibiz with deep, coarsely punctured strie.
Belgaum.
This species is evidently allied to C. yavanicus, Westw.,
but has the elytra trisuleate and densely aciculate,
whereas in that species they are described as having six
striz with the interstices rugosely punctured or sub-
granulated and setose; from C. apicalis, Westw., it differs
in having the elytra rounded instead of acuminated at the
apex; the form of the pygidium also differs from both
those species.
A single specimen, apparently a female, taken by Mr.
Bell in 1891, has been kindly given to me.
27. VALGUS PYGMZUS, Gory.
Belgaum.
A good series of specimens taken by Mr. Andrewes
agree with Gory’s very brief description and also with
the points mentioned by Schaum, except that I should
describe the. colour as red-brown or castaneous, rather
than dull sanguineous-red. It belongs to Burmeister’s
section Oreoderus.
|
|
CPi’)
IX. A Classification of « new Family of the Lepidoptera.
By Sir GEorGE F. Hampson, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., ete.
[Read May 1st, 1901. ]
Family SABALIAD, nov.
Proboscis absent ; antenne of male with long drooping branches,
of female with short branches. Forewing with vein 1 a slender, run-
ning into 1b; le absent; 5 from above angle of discocellulars ; 7,
8, 9, 10 stalked, 10 from beyond 8 or absent; 11 from cell, free.
Hindwing with the frenulum absent, the base of costa lobed ; vein
1 a to inner margin before tornus ; 1 c absent ; 5 from above angle
of discocellulars ; 8 free from base, connected with the cell by a bar
and approximated to 7 beyond the cell ; a precostal vein.
The family cannot be called Lemoniadx which is preoccupied in
the butterflies ; it is closely allied to the Brahmexide which however
have the proboscis fully developed and a different facies.
The genus Lemonia was placed by Dr. Aurivillius in the
Striphoropterygide = EHupterotide, Iris vii, p. 186 (1894); this
family however has the frenulum present and vein 8 of the hind-
Wing widely separated from 7 beyond the cell.
Species marked (*) are not in the British Museum.
Key to the Genera.
A. Fore tarsi with very large serrate terminal claws . Lemonia.
B. Fore tarsi with the claws normal.
(a.) Fore tibiz with curved claw at extremity on
outer side and long curved claw at extremity
of the joint of tarsus on inner side . . . . Sabalia.
(b.) Fore tibize and tarsi without claws except the
terminal claws of farsi . . . .-. . . . Spiramiopsis.
Genus LEMONIA.
Type.
Demonia, Hiibn. Verz., p. 187 (1827). . . . . taraxaci.
Crateronyx, Dup. Cat. ‘Meth, hép.; ‘p. 77 (1844) . . dumi.
Proboscis absent ; palpi porrect not reaching beyond frontal tuft
and fringed with long hair below; antenne of male with long drooping
branches, of female with shorter branches ; fore tibiee and tarsi very
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IL (JULY)
188 Sir G. F. Hampson’s Classification of
much shortened and broad, the first three tarsal joints armed with
curved spines on outer side and with very long curved serrate claws at
extremity ; mid and hind tibize with small terminal pairs of spurs ;
head, thorax and abdomen clothed with rough hair. Forewing with
vein 2 from beyond middle of cell ; 3 from long before angle ; 5 from
above angle of discocellulars ; 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 10 from beyond
8, or absent, or 6 from cell ; 11 from cell. Hindwing with the frenu-
lum absent ; the cell short; vein 2 from well before angle; 3 from
near angle ; 5 from above angle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 shortly stalked
or from cell ; 8 free from base, connected with subcostal nervure by
a bar at middle of cell, then approximated to 7 beyond the cell.
Sect. I. Forewing with vein 10 absent.
(1) LEMONIA SARDANAPALUS, Staud., Stett. Ent. Zeit.,
48, p. 99 (1887); Gr.-Grschm. Rom. Mém. iv,
p. 562, pl. 20, f 8. C. Asia.
i
NS
NS
O:
)}
Lh
fy
dy
Lemoma sardanapalus, 3 4.
Sect. IJ. Forewing with vein 10 present.
A, Forewing with postmedial line.
(a.) Forewing red-brown with the spot at end
of cell yellow. . . dunv.
(b.) Forewing pale with the aoe at a a ell
dark.
(a.) Forewing with the postmedial line pale,
the spot at end of cell large . . . balcanica. -
(b.) Forewing with the postmedial line eae
the spot at end of cell small.
(a.) Hindwing with postmedial line . . vaillantina.
(b.) Hindwing without postmedial line . ballioni.
B, Forewing without postmedial line.
(a.) Forewing pale fulvous with black spot at
endjer@ell: 6.6 40 Go Mee ee
A New Family of the Lepidoptera. 189
(b.) Forewing fuscous brown, the veins with
Pareidimeaks: <6 0%. » . » « philopalus.
(2) LemMonrIA DuMI, Linn., Pit Suec., p. 293 (1761).
Europe.
(3) LEMONIA BALCANICA, Herr.-Schaif Schmett., Eur.
II, p. 109, ff. 26-28 (1844). Armenia.
GASTROPACHA BREMERI, Kol., Mel. Ent. v, p. 98,
pl. 18, f. 2 (1846). |
14, , z
Lemowia dumi, & }.
(4) *LEMONIA VAILLANTINI, Oberth., Et. Ent. xiii, p.
28, pl. 6, f. 338 (1890). Algeria.
(5) LEMONIA BALLIONI, Christ., Hon. Soc. Ent. Ross.
xxl, p. 310 (1888), id Rom. Mém. v, p. 200, pl.
10, f. 2. Caucasus.
*LEMONIA BALLIONI, var. ponticus, Auriv., Deutsch
Ent. Zeit. Lép. vii, p. 188 (1894). Armenia.
(6) LEMONIA TARAXACI, Esp. Schmett., 111, p. 68, pl.
8, ff. 6, 7 (1782). C. Europe.
(7) *LEMONIA PHILOPALUS, Donz., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
at. £96, pl. 8, 1. 2 (1842) ; Oberth., Et. Ent.
xiii, p- 28, pl. 6, ? 34 (1890). Barbary.
Genus SABALIA.
Type.
Semen, Wk. xxii, 547 (1865)... . 2. 8 aie
Heteranaphe, E. Sharpe, A.M.N.H. (6) v, p. 442
oo) . « Jacsont.
Conventia, Weymer, Berl, Hnt. Zeit., 1896, p. 88. . sericaria.
Proboscis absent ; palpi slight, paneer to just beyond frons ; an-
tennz of male bipectinate with moderate drooping branches ; head
and thorax clothed with long rough hair ; fore tibize short with curved
190 Sir G. F. Hampson’s Classification of
claw at extremity on outer side ; lst joint of tarsus with long curved
claw at extremity on inner side extending to beyond end of 2nd joint ;
mid and hind tibize with small terminal pairs of spurs. Forewing
with vein 3 from well before end of cell ; 5 from above angle of dis-
cocellulars ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 absent ; 11 from
cell. Hindwing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 5 from above
angle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 from upper angle, the upper part of cell
short ; 8 free from base approximated to 7 beyond the cell and con-
nected with the cell by a bar beyond middle.
A. Head black.
(a.) Tegule white... .°. 5 . 4+. 6. plemme
(b.) Tegule black.
(a.) Patagia with white patches . . . . . jacsons
(b.) Patagia without white patches . . . . fulvicincta.
(a.) Abdomen with dorsal orange bands.
(b.) Abdomen with the segments slightly
fringed with orange . . . . s . . déyppelscirchi.
B. Mead orange... . © a20. «) ieee 9 = eee
(1) SABALIA PICARINA, WIk. xxi, 548 (1865). E.
Africa.
(2) *SABALIA JACSONI, E. Sharpe, A.M.N.H. (6) v, p.
443 (1890). E. Africa.
(3) SABALIA FULVICINCTA, n. sp.
6 Head and thorax black mixed with a few white hairs; palpi
with orange hair at extremity ; antenne with the tufts of hair on
basal joint orange ; femora and tibize with some orange hair ; abdomen
black with dorsal orange bands and the extremity orange ; broad
lateral whitish stripes from base to subterminal segment, the 3rd, 4th,
5th and 6th segments with sublateral orange tufts of hair at their
extremities. Forewing black ; a yellowish white streak below base
of costa ; a triangular patch in cell extending to near its extremity ;
a triangular patch in submedian interspaces from base to origin of
vein 2; a streak on inner area from near base to middle ; a spot
beyond the cell intersected by vein 5 ; a small spot below base of
vein 4 and larger spots below veins 3 and 2; a subterminal series of
seven spots, incurved and the spots elongate towards costa. Hindwing
yellowish white from base to beyond middle except on costal area ;
the veins black ; the terminal area black, widest at costa, with sub-
terminal series of six yellowish spots, incurved and larger towards
costa, the spot towards tornus linear.
Expanse 70 millim.
Hab. NYASALAND, 1 $ type.
A New Family of the Lepidoptera. 194
(4) *SABALIA TIPPELSCIRCHI, Karsch., Ent. Nachs.
xxiv, p. 293 (1898). E. Africa.
(5) *SABALIA SERICARIA, Weymer, Berl. Ent. Zeit.,
1896, p. 88. E. Africa.
Genus SPIRAMIOPSIS, nov.
Proboscis absent ; palpi porrect to just beyond frontal tuft and
fringed with long hair below ; antennz of male with long drooping
branches, of female with short branches ; head and thorax clothed
with long hair; eyes overhung by a brush of hair from below base of
( fi) Hf fp)
=H
ke
Sabalia picarina, g }.
antennee ; legs normal ; hind tibize with two pairs of spurs. Fore-
wing with the apex slightly produced and acute, the termen strongly
excurved ; the cell short ; vein 3 from well before angle; 5 from well
above angle of discocellulars ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked,
10 from beyond 8; 11 fromeell. Hindwing with the cell short ;
vein 3 from near angle; 5 from near upper angle; 6, 7 shortly stalked;
8 free from base, connected with cell by a bar at middle and closely
approximated to 7 beyond the cell.
SPIRAMIOPSIS COMMA, n. Sp.
|
|
|
|
|
| ¢ Head brownish white ; palpi red-brown above and with red-
| brown hair at base; thorax red-brown with a white line behind
| tegule and across patagia ; metathorax with white hair at extremity ;
|
|
|
|
}
192 Sir G. F. Hampson’s Classification of Lepidoptera.
pectus pale ochreous ; the tibiz whitish, fore coxe in front and inner
side of fore tibize rufous ; abdomen dull white above with dark brown
band at base, the anal tuft and ventral surface tinged with rufous.
Forewing whitish ; the costal area tinged with ochreous brown and
irrorated with black ; the basal area red-brown except costa, bounded
by the oblique whitish antemedial line, the area beyond it tinged with
red-brown to the oblique fuscous medial line which almost joins the
antemedial line on inner margin and is interrupted by the large comma-
shaped discoidal stigma which is red-brown pencilled with olive and
defined by a strong black line and narrow ochreous line ; the terminal
half tinged with rufcus ; an oblique whitish slightly sinuous post-
medial line with series of dark points on its inner side ; an oblique
Spiramiopsis comma, 6 +t.
rufous striga from apex; some dark points on cilia. Hindwing
ochreous the inner margin whitish ; a black discoidal point; a
diffused black medial line, rufous at inner margin ; a curved black
postmedial line rufous at inner margin. Underside of forewing with
the comma black ; three indistinct minutely waved medial lines and
a postmedial series of points, the terminal area white on inner half of
both wings; hindwing with discoidal point, four waved black lines
on medial area and a postmedial series of points.
Expanse 60 millim.
Hab, C. Cotony, Kowie R. (Dr. Becker), 1 3, Grahams-
town.
JULY 10, 1901.
\d “nt Si
2001 Ceca oe
ee ee
oy ae
X. The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and descrip-
tions of new species. By GitBert J. ARRowW, FES.
[Read May Ist, 1901.]
Piare dx
THE well-known genus Pheropsophus is in many ways one
of special interest. One of the three or four genera
known to have the power of producing a detonation when
molested, its many species all have the sharply contrasted
black and orange colouring so commonly prevailing in
groups possessing special defensive endowments. Although
it occurs throughout the hot regions of the globe except in
oceanic islands, the majority of its members are African,
America and Australasia together having only three or
four widely-distributed but ill-defined species. The pre-
dominant Oriental species also have a very wide distribu-
tion and great range of variation, but the African forms
(in common with those from India and Arabia) present a
different condition, appearing to be more or less restricted
in their range, and although in certain directions variable
in coloration, presenting specific differentiations which are
practically constant; so that, though upon a preliminary
survey the marking appears to be subject to almost endless
variation, a minute examination resolves the insects into
numerous series characterized by apparently insignificant
but almost invariable differences of coloration which are
found to be correlated to differences of form and structure.
The fact is probably that Africa and South-Western
Asia form the original home of these insects, which
spreading from thence all over the world, have met with
new conditions in which forces which had operated against
their variation and geographical expansion were absent.
There is perhaps additional evidence of this in the fact
that many of the species in the former countries are with-
out wings, or have them in some stage of degeneration,
while all those found in other regions are active insects
with well-developed wings. The “less deviation of these
from the normal should imply that they are of more recent
date, but that the atrophy of the wings indicates no very
great antiquity is shown by its occurrence in different
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1901.—PART III. (SEPT.) 14
194 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
sections of the genus and in species nearly related to
winged forms.
The excellent Monograph of the Brachynides published
by Chaudoir in 1876 (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., tom. 19, p. 16)
still retains its usefulness, although the number of species
known to him will probably prove ultimately to be only a
fraction of those existing. I have therefore considered it
sufficient, in order to bring our knowledge of the genus
Pheropsophus up to date, to describe the new species known
to me, and to give a few notes in those cases where
increased knowledge has rendered Chaudow’s work in-
— adequate.
For easier identification I shall refer the species de-
scribed here as new to their systematic position in the
table given by Chaudoir, designating his sections by the
name of the first species placed in them by him.
The British Museum contains five species of this genus
from Angola, viz. P. guineensis, Chaud., P. basigutiatus,
Chaud., P. angolensis, Erichs., and two apparently new
species. The first of these, which belongs to the “/asit-
giatus” section of Chaudoir, I propose to call
P. dimidiatus, sp. n. (Plate IX, fig. 8.)
Testaceus, elytris abdomineque nigris, capite prothoraceque
equaliter testaceis, immaculatis, hoc angusto, lateribus leevissime
sinuatis, antice nonnihil rotundatis, postice valde approximatis, disco
profunde sulcato ; scutello testaceo; elytris sat longis, costis valde
elevatis, nitidis, humeris angulato-rotundatis, lateribus ubique leviter
curvatis, pectore cum pedibus totis testaceis, mesosterno fusco bi-
punctato. *Long. 15-17 m.m.
Hab. ANGOLA.
This closely resembles the 8. African P. /astigiatus, L.,
but the thorax is differently shaped, being longer and more
narrowed behind. The meso- and metasternum in that
insect are black except in the middle, while in P. dimidi-
atus they are pale except for an inconspicuous black spot
on each side opposite the middle coxe. |
A specimen received from Mr. H. 8. Gorham was taken
300 miles from the coast of Angola, and a second from
Quanga is in Mr. W. L. Distant’s collection.
* The length in this and the succeeding new species is measured
to the end of the elytral suture.
é
.
%
2
The Carabid genus Pheropsophus. 195
It is not impossible that this may prove to be Erichson’s
P. arcanus, if that species was described from a discoloured
specimen; but it appears to me more probable that that
species, which Chaudoir failed to identify, is the latter’s
P. guineensis, which agrees better with the characters
mentioned by Erichson and Gerstiicker. Chaudoir was
probably misled by a wrong habitat, as well as his ignor-
ance of P. angolensis, Erichs., with which P. arcanus is
compared, and which belongs not to the section to which
he has referred it, but to the next.
P. abbreviatus, sp. n. (Plate IX, fig. 5.)
Apterus, rufo-testaceus, elytris nigris, immaculatis, abdomine
fusco ; capite prothoraceque omnino rufo-testaceis, hoc impunctato,
angusto, lateribus bisinuatis basi contractis, angulis posticis acutis ;
elytris brevibus, nigris, opacis, a basi ad post medium regulariter
arcuate dilatatis, humeris obsoletis, apice oblique truncatis, costis
paulo angustis; corpore subtus cum pedibus testaceis; abdomine
metasternique lateribus piceis. Long. 16 m.m.
Hab. ANGOLA (Dr. Welwitsch), Forest country, 2000-
3000 feet.
This species belongs to the “obliquatus” section, and
closely resembles P. bipartitus, Fairm., but 1s a trifle less
narrow, the eyes are larger and the thorax longer and more
sinuated at the sides, its posterior angles being more acute
than in any species known to me except the S. American
forms. The elytral cost are also less narrow. |
P. halteri, Chaud., has been announced by Mr, Péringuey
as a variety of P. fastigiatus, L., upon examination of
specimens from Rustenburg (Transvaal). Having ex-
amined a considerable number of Pheropsophi from the
Transvaal, collected by Mr. W. L. Distant and others, I
feel satisfied that Mr. Péringuey has not the true P.
_halteri, of which all the specimens known to me are from
Natal. Although it may very likely occur also in the
eastern part of the Transvaal, it appears to be represented
in the western part by P. fastigiatus, which is abundant.
The specimens I have examined of the latter show hardly
any variation, and no trace of the narrow black border to
the thorax characteristic of P. halteri. M. Oberthiir has
confirmed my opinion as to the specific distinctness of P.
haltert from a careful examination of the type in his
collection.
196 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
The following is another new species nearly related to
P. abbreviatus, but of elongate form.
P, exiguus, sp. 0.
Parvus, angustus, apterus, testaceus, elytris totis, metasterni
lateribus abdomineque nigris; capite prothoraceque immaculatis,
oculis haud prominentibus, prothorace elongato, lateribus antice
leviter curvatis, parte quarto postico parallelis, disco convexo ;
scutello testaceo ; elytris a basi ad post medium leviter ampliatis,
paulo elongatis sed apice valde incurvato-truncatis, humeris fere
obsoletis, costis fortiter elevatis, quam intervallis latioribus.
Long. 12 m.m.
Hab. ConGO FREE STATE, Mpala District.
This species, one of the smallest of its genus known
to me and the smallest of the African species, is quite
unmistakable from its rather peculiar form. Although
one of the wingless insects with sloping shoulders and
emarginate extremity to the elytra, the latter are not of
the short and broad pattern generally distinctive of these
apterous forms. Both thorax and elytra are long and
narrow and the elytral costz are very broad and
prominent.
Specimens collected by M. Guilleme near the western
shores of Lake Tanganyika have been kindly presented
to the Museum by M. René Oberthur.
P. pallidepunctatus, sp. 0.
Apterus, testaceus, prothoracis marginibus antica et postica,
elytris, mesosterni partibus abdomineque nigris, genubus leevissime
fusco-plagiatis, elytris punctis humeralibus et discoidalibus pallide
fulvis ornatis ; prothorace paulo elongato, antice et postice nigro,
marginibus nigris medio paulo intrudentibus, lateribus antice parum
rotundatis, postice fere parallelis ; elytris brevibus, humeris fere
obliteratis, lateribus regulariter curvato-ampliatis, postice conjunctim
arcuate truncatis, macula humerali subrotundata extus epipleuras
tingente et secunda discoidale punctiforme pallide flavis, margine
apicali vix perspicue testaceo-tincta, costis angustis. Long. 14 m.m.
Hab. PoRTUGUESE E. AFRICA, Beira.
This insect, found by Mr. R. Sheppard and kindly sent
to me by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, is sharply separated
from the speciés most nearly related to it by the black
ee ee ee ee ee eee
The Carabid genus Pheropsophus. 197
front and hind borders of the thorax. It must be asso-
ciated with P. senegalensis, although its markings are of
a much simpler type and connect it rather with P. dwwx
and raffrayi, of Chaudoir. The latter have no humeral
spot as in the new species, but P. raffrayi resembles it
also in the pale colour of the elytral decoration. In shape
and size P. pallidepunctatus is very similar to the next
species.
P. gracilis, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 6.)
Apterus, testaceus, capite prothoraceque immaculatis, elytris nigris,
opacis, puncto humerali acute producto, macula media plus minusve
rotundata marginibusque laterali et apicali (ad suturam perspicue
dilatata) flavis ; corpore subtus cum pedibus pallide testaceis, meso-
sterni latere abdomineque nigris, genubus leviter nigro-maculatis ;
prothorace paulo elongato, antice parum rotundato, postice valde
angustato, angulis fere acutis; elytris brevibus, humeris vix evident-
ibus, lateribus regulariter curvato amplatis, postice paulo arcuate
truncatis, costis valde elevatis. Long. 13°5-15 m.m.
Hab. E, Arnica, Lamu I.
This pretty little beetle is intermediate between the
species just described and P. senegalensis, Dej., but most
nearly related to the latter. It has almost exactly the
size and shape of that insect, but is characterized by a
rather less development of the yellow pigment. The
scutellum, which is normally yellow in P. senegalensis, is
dark in the new species, the humeral spot is narrower and
more angulated behind, and the median patch is reduced
to a large disconnected spot of almost regularly rounded
outline. The apical border is narrow, turning inwards at
the suture, but with a hardly broken outline, and the
curvature of the extremity of the elytra is very slight.
The black upon the knees is another slight differential
character. |
Pheropsophus nigrwentris, Chaud. (P. sansibaricus, Har.),
is very near this species, but in it the elytral spot is more
irregular in outline and united to the yellow margin.
P. lwingstoni, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 9.)
P. capensi multo affinis sed scutello testaceo, costis latioribus
elytrorumque margine distincta apice recte demarcata. Rufo-
testaceus, abdomine elytrisque nigris, his macula media angulata
198 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
puncto parvo humerali, margine tenui basali deinde ad scutelli
apicem, latere externo apiceque conspicuo non ad interstita interrupto
flavis; capite, prothorace, scutello pedibusque ommnino testaceis,
humeris evidentibus. Long. 15-17 m.m.
Hab. LAKE NGAMI.
Two specimens in the British Museum were collected
on the Livingstone Expedition about 1862, and another
from Lake Ngami is in Mr. Gorham’s collection.
The species is very much like P. capensis, Chaud., but
easily distinguished from it by the well-defined apical
margin to the elytra and the greater breadth of the costz.
The scutellum is yellow, as well as the parts of the elytra
immediately adjoining it, and the humeral mark is
closely connected with the lateral margin, whereas in P.
capensis it is normally completely detached.
The next species as well as that just described belongs
to the “africanus” section of Chaudoi.
P. nyase, sp. nD.
Testaceus, elytris (lateribus, apice extremo, costarum extremi-
tatibus, puncto minuto humerali fasciaque media exceptis) segmen-
torumque abdominalium marginibus nigris; capite prothoraceque
omnino testaceis, hoc impunctato, paulo breve, lateribus fere usque ad
basin leviter rotundatis, hinc parallelis, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris
paulo angustis, lateribus subparallelis, humeris evidentibus, apice
parum truncatis, margine laterali, puncto minuto humerali cum hac
juncto, apice extremo angustissime, costarum extremitatibus fasciaque
a margine ad costam tertiam attingente intus dilatata testaceis, costis
validibus. Long. 15-17 m.m.
Hab. NYASALAND.
This insect is closely allied to the preceding and P.
capensis, Chaud., the extremity of the elytra being, as in
the latter, only very vaguely tinged with yellow. The
prothorax has a different outline, the sides being more
gradually curved so that the broadest diameter is not
much in front of the middle, and the median elytral mark
is united to the marginal line and more or less club-
shaped instead of zigzag. The species seems also to be
allied to P. transvaalensis, Péring., described as having the
abdomen black with the centre yellowish, and a broad
discoidal band to the elytra.
— 29
ye) a ee ee ee eee
:
:
:
The Carabid genus Pheropsophus. 199
P. marginatus, De}., seems to be the representative of a
group of very nearly related species occurring in West Africa,
which have not all been closely associated by Chaudoir.
Of several of these I have been able to compare con-
siderable series, in which the differences although very slight
are remarkably constant. To enable these to be readily
separated I have given the chief distinctive characters in
a tabular form. All these species are approximately alike
in form, size and elytral marking, and have the yellow
apical border more or less sharply defined.
A, Thorax immaculate.
(a.) Apical border of elytra straight: scut-
elljm black. . . parallelus, De}.
(b.) Apical border of ene ae
scutellum yellow .. . bifasciatus, Chaud.
(c.) Apical border of elytra Aen ene
scutellum and elytraadjoining yellow Sbeauvoisi, De}.
B. Thorax marked with black.
(a.) Apical border of elytra bisinuate . . marginatus, Dej.
(Os). -s5 r » straight: fascia
narrow.
1. Head pale, black spotted . . . . congoensis, Arrow.
2. Head darker behind, not spotted. . vecticollis, Arrow.
Although Chaudoir has himself regarded his P. bifas-
ciatus (“bisuleatus” in Gemminger’s Catalogue) as a
variety of P. parallelus, the differences are quite constant
in a good series which I have examined, and I therefore
regard it as specifically distinct. The correctness of the
identification of P. marginatus, De}., with Mr. Andrew
Murray’s specimens from Old Calabar (now in the British
Museum) is confirmed by a specimen from Asaba, in the
district from which M. Dejean’s type is said to have been
brought. ‘This specimen exactly agrees with Murray’s
examples and with others brought from Old Calabar by
Miss Kingsley in 1894. The species differs from those
following, in addition to the characters mentioned in the
above table, by the black markings upon the pronotum
which are not definitely limited interiorly and do not
reach the lateral borders. There is usually an anterior
mark in the form of a triangle of which the base is not
broader than the sides. The spot upon the vertex, as in
the following species, is sometimes quite absent.
200 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
P. congoensis, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 7.)
Testaceus, prothoracis marginibus antica et postica nigris, ad latera
attingentibus et haec sepe colorantibus; elytris nigris, macula
angulata humerali, fascia angusta multidentata media ad marginem
externam attingente marginibusque laterali et apicali flavis, margine
apicali tenui, subtiliter dentato, vix ad suturam ascendente ; corpore
subtus infuscato, pectoris partibus mediis pedibusque flavis, genubus
leviter infuscatis ; capite seepe nigro-punctato, prothorace fere trans-
verso, lateribus antice rotundato-ampliatis, postice paulo concavis,
angulis posticis rectis ; elytris fere parallelis, humeris evidentibus.
Long. 14-17 m.m.
Hab. UPPER CoNnao.
This species, of which I have examined many examples,
closely resembles P. marginatus, but the apical border of
the elytra is very narrow and not sharply limited interiorly
and the black front and hind borders to the prothorax
extend right across to the sides and may even tinge the
extreme lateral margins.
P. recticollis, sp. n.
Preecedenti valde affinis, capite prothoraceque rufo-testaceis, illo
ante oculos pallidiore, prothorace antice et postice vage lateribusque
extremis subtilissime nigro-marginatis, his vix arcuatis, prothorace
postice paulo contracto, elytris nigris, macula humerali non angulata,
fascia angusta media dentata ad marginem externam attingente
marginibusque laterali et apicali ut in preecedenti flavis; corpore
subtus testaceo, mesosterno lateraliter abdomineque plus minusve
infuscatis, pedibus testaceis, genubus nigro-maculatis. Long. 15 m.m.
Hab. UprErR CoNnaco.
I have seen four specimens of this species, which may be
very easily confounded with P. congoensis. The differential
characters, however, though slight, are numerous and con-
stant. The head and thorax are of a deeper colour, the
extent of which is limited anteriorly by a curved line be-
tween the eyes, and there is no black spot on the vertex.
The prothorax is longer, less dilated in front and broader
behind. The elytral fascia is a little less dentate, the
humeral spot is less pointed behind, there is less black
on the underside and the knees are more deeply tinged.
But for the difference of habitat I should regard this as
probably identical with some of the specimens referred
The Carabid genus Pheropsophus. 201
to P. cinctus, Gory, by Chaudoir, but it seems very unlikely
that the insect can range from Senegal to the Upper
Congo. The species called tenwicostis by Chaudoir will
require a new name, for I cannot regard that used as
admissible, P. tenwicostis, Laferté, being by his showing
synonymous: with P. cinctus, Gory. I propose for it the
name lafertet.
I have scen two specimens of P. marginipennis, Lap.,
which Chaudoir suggested might be a variety of P.
parallelus. It is a quite distinct species with no trace of
median ornament. The elytra are rather shorter, with
less elevated costze, and the apical border is sinuated and
rather vaguely limited.
P. tristis, sp. n.
Rufo-testaceus, verticis puncto, prothoracis marginibus antica et
postica lineaque media nonnunquam interrupta nigris, lateribus
antice valde arcuate ampliatis, postice contractis, angulis posticis
rectis ; elytris longis, angustis, obscure nigris, marginibus laterali et
apicali tenuissime (rarius epipleuris totis suffusis) flavis, humeris
prominentibus, lateribus parallelis, costis latis, parum elevatis ; corpore
subtus pedibusque testaceis, epimeris plus minusve abdomineque toto
infuscatis. Long. 16 m.m.
Hab. ConeGo, Stanley Pool.
Also belonging to Chaudoir’s “africanus” section, this
species is perhaps most allied to P. palmarwm, Chaud., of
which there are examples in our collection from the same
locality. The head and thorax are almost the same as in
that species, but the elytra are rather longer and less shin-
ing, the costz being flatter and broader. The shoulders
are more prominent and the sides of the elytra more paral-
lel. The extreme margins alone are yellow, this colour
being sometimes hardly traceable at the sides and some-
times covering the whole of the epipleure.
I have examined four specimens, of which two are in
the British Museum and two in Dr. E. A. Heath’s
collection.
P. arabicus, sp. n.
Parvus, angustus, testaceus, abdomine elytrisque nigris ; capite
immaculato, prothoracis marginibus antica et postica nigris, lateribus
valde bisinuatis, disco medio profunde suleato ; elytris tenuiter costa-
tis, lateribus parallelis, humeris evidentibus, singulo elytro macula
magna subrotundata flava ornato, margine apicali flava, intus haud
202 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
distincte demarcata ; corpore subtus cum pedibus testaceis, abdomine
sternique suturis nigris, genubus vix infuscatis. Long. 12°5-15 m.m.
Hab. ARABIA, Hadramaut, etc.
Several specimens were obtained during the late Mr.
Theodore Bent’s explorations, and one was found by Capt.
Burton.
This is another species of the “africanus” section closely
resembling P. hilaris, F., from which it differs most mark-
edly in the absence of a yellow lateral border to the elytra.
The median elytral spots are more rounded and do not
- extend to the epipleure. It has a rather elongate appear-
ance owing to the attenuated elytra and non-prominent
eyes, the prothorax being about as broad as it is long. The
insects described are those mentioned by Mr. Gahan in
1895 as a variety of P. africanus, to which it has also a
close resemblance, although differing in many slight char-
acters. In addition to the absence of the black front and
hind borders to the prothorax, the elytra of that species are
distinctly shorter and more truncate and the median yellow
mark is produced laterally so as at least to touch the
epipleuree.
Chaudoir has regarded as a variety of P. hilaris, F., the
insect described by Dejean as P. sobrinus, and which has
been since redescribed by M. Maindron as P. desbordest, for
what reason I do not know, unless he considers it to have
been wrongly identified by Chaudoir. Dejean’s insect is
described as having a humeral spot, whereas there seems
to be normally no trace of this in the species under con-
sideration. It seems likely, however, that the type of P.
sobrinus may be a somewhat abnormal specimen, for there
are examples in our collection in which a minute vestige
of yellow is traceable on the shoulder. P. hilaris is a vari-
able insect, the black borders of the prothorax having a
tendency to widen until they cover the whole disc, while in
such highly coloured specimens a large black spot appears
upon the head. It is therefore not at all impossible, although
I have seen no truly intermediate forms, that P. sobrinus,
in which the prothorax is wholly pale, is a variety of it.
Two specimens of this latter form were brought by Messrs.
Grant and Forbes from the island of Socotra.
«From the detailed description given by Chaudoir of his
P. catowei, it is apparent to me that he confused more
than one species. Being misled probably by Dejean’s com-
The Caralid genus Pheropsophus. 203
parison of his insect with P. discicollis he assumed that P.
catowet was an insect with a similarly bordered thorax,
whereas the diagnosis refers to it as ‘‘immaculate” in
express contrast to that of P. discicollis. Similarly the
mention of larger humeral spot, broader apical band and
prothorax wider anteriorly all apply to a species of which
the British Museum contains representatives from Calcutta,
Madras, Sind, Dacca, etc., but not to Chaudoir’s species
with bordered thorax and black knees, which I propose to
call P. chaudoirt. This form, of which there are specimens
in our collection from Nepal, has a small humeral spot and
narrow apical border. P. lineifrons, Chaud., although closely
allied and regarded by its author as a variety only, appears
to me, after a comparison of numerous examples, to be
specifically distinct.
P. migricollis, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 2.)
Robustus, niger, parum nitidus, capite, linea media _ excepta,
pedibus, pectoris medio cum episternis posticis, elytrorum humeris,
macula magna media apiceque tenuiter testaceis ; a margine clypei
postica ad collum macula nigra sagittiforme currente ; prothorace
omnino nigro, paulo elongato, lateribus valde bisinuatis, disco
convexo, parcissime punctato ; elytris latis, humeris distinctis, deinde
fere ad apicem dilatantibus, lateribus arcuatis, costis fortibus, macula
humerali parva rotundata, fascia media lata, a marginibus laterali et
suturali angustissime separata, apice extremo costarumque extremi-
tatibus flavis, genubus subtiliter infuscatis. Long. 15-16 m.m.
Hab. 8. Inp1A, Bangalore.
P. mgricollis is a form very close to P. bimaculatus, L.,
although according to Chaudoir’s classification it should be
placed in the following section, the mark upon the head
extending from behind the eyes to the posterior border of
the clypeus. The head and thorax are distinctly narrower
than those of P. bimaculatus, and the latter is wholly of a
pure shining black colour, but the shape and coloration of
the elytra are almost the same as in that species. I have
seen exceptional specimens in which there are traces of
red upon the thorax.
M. Oberthiir has sent me a remarkable variety of P.
bimaculatus in which the elytral band has united with the
humeral spot and suffused two-thirds of the elytra, only
the posterior third, the sutural line (slightly expanded
below the scutellum), and two vestiges below the shoulder
204 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
remaining black. As this seems to be a local form, M.
Oberthiir having received three similar specimens from
Mt. Kodeicanel, it may be useful to name it var. posticalis.
Pheropsophus assamensis, Chaud., placed by him just
before P. bimaculatus, is the West African P. palmarum.
I have been enabled to examine the type, which only owes
its description to the mistake as to its locality.
P. stenoderus, Chaud., of which I have examined a good
many specimens in the British Museum and the Hope
Collection at Oxford, is allied to P. bimaculatus, L.,
although it must be referred to the “madagascariensis”
section of Chaudoir. It is intermediate in coloration
between P. bimaculatus and P. marginalis, but in form is
nearer to the first, which it resembles also in the absence
of a yellow lateral margin to the elytra and the less
irregular median patches (which however are much smaller
than in that species), while the straight-sided thorax and
the black mark upon the head are shaped as in the
second. The humeral spots are large and rounded and
the apical margin is rather indefinite.
P. curtus, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 3.)
Haud elongatus, niger, capite linea tenui circum oculos, linea
transversa frontali, clypei punctis duobus, prothoracis macula parva
laterali intra marginem, elytrorum macula parva humerali, fascia
media angusta dentata ad epipleuras attingente, his plus minusve,
apice extremo, costarumque extremitatibus, flavis ; corpore subtus,
capite excepto, infuscato, pedibus cum coxis testaceis, genubus brun-
neis; capite brevi, prothorace paulo latiore quam longitudinem,
lateribus antice modice curvato-ampliato, elytris sat latis, humeris
prominentibus, lateribus fere parallelis. Long. 13-15 m.m,
Hab. 8. Inp1A, Malabar; Kanara (Andrewes Coll.).
This is alhed to P. fuscicollis, De}., but is smaller and
rather less elongate. It is very similar to that species in
coloration, but the yellow epipleure and the peculiar mark-
ing of the head easily distinguish it. The latter is black upon
its upper surface, with the exception of narrow pale rings
round the eyes meeting in a transverse line behind the
antennze, two small spots on the clypeus and the greater
part of the mouth organs.
I have seen six specimens of the insect.
P. ocewpitalis, McLeay, regarded by Chaudoir as belong-
ing to P. javanus, Dej., and of which the type is in the
The Carabid genus Pheropsophus. 205
British Museum, is identical with P. fuscicollis, De}. The
two names were published in the same year and I have
no means of determining which is entitled to precedence.
It is interesting to record the occurrence in New Guinea
of the North Australian Pheropsophus australis, Lap. A
series of specimens have been received from there by Dr.
E. A. Heagh which are identical with one in our collection
from Port Darwin, on the north coast of Australia. I can-
not consider this insect, however, as more. than a race of
P. verticalis, De}j., although the typical form of that species
may be confined to the more southerly part of Australia.
The differential characters described are subject to great
variation; the median fascia may entirely disappear, the
‘apical border seems never entirely absent, and the form of
the elytra is inconstant. The name of papuensis has been
bestowed by McLeay upon a single specimen of this form
from New Guinea. The author regarded it as distinct
on account of its elongate thorax, but a glance at a series
of specimens shows this character to be of no importance,
the proportions of the thorax in this, as in other species,
being remarkably variable.
P. heathi, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 1.)
Robustus, testaceus, elytris maculis communibus duabus nigris ;
prothorace antice lato, lateribus bisinuatis, postice valde contractis,
angulis posticis rectis; elytris convexis, apice parum truncatis, an-
guste costatis, interstitiis levibus, disperse granulatis, humeris promi-
nentibus, maculis humeralibus, media (non interrupta) et apicale
lateraliter confluentibus areis duabus magnis nigris includentibus,
scutello, cum puncto parvo subscutellari, corpore subtus pedibusque
testaceis. Long. 19°5 m.m.
Hab. Burma, Moulmein.
The type of this fine species has been presented to the
Museum by Dr. E. A. Heath, who possesses a second speci-
men. It is remarkable as showing a greater apparent
relationship to the American section of the genus than to
any other. In size and coloration it most resembles the
variety succinctus of P. xquinoctialis, L., and in a more
important characteristic, viz. the peculiar surface of the
elytra, it is totally unlike any other known Old World
form. The fine longitudinal striation of the elytral inter-
stices so general throughout the genus is entirely absent,
206 The Carabid genus Pheropsophus.
the costz are sharp and little elevated, and the intervals
are shining and strewn with minute granules. This con-
dition is only known to occur elsewhere in the South
American P. riviert, Dem. (of which I consider P. flexuosus,
Chaud., to be only a variety). The coloration of P. heathi
is almost of the usual type, but with a greater reduction
than usual of the black pigment, the median orange band
being continuous and, with the broad apical border, enclos-
ing an approximately oval black patch, while a more
irregular patch is formed anteriorly.
The following Madagascan species should be placed
with P. emarginatus according to Chaudoir’s tabulation,
but it has a close relationship to P. humeralis (omostigma),
Chaud., from which it differs in not having functional
wings, with the corresponding conformation of the elytra.
P. perrott, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 4.)
Apterus, testaceus, macula verticis cordiforme, prothoracis margine
toto lineaque mediana, elytris (puncto humerali marginibusque
externis exceptis), abdomine, pectore partim genubusque nigris ;
prothoracis lateribus leviter arcuatis ; elytris fere ad apices leviter
ampliatis, humeris vix perspicuis, apicibus conjunctim curvato-
truncatis, costis angustis, puncto humerali, limbo (cum illo juncto)
apiceque flavis, apice distincto, externe lato sed ad suturam attenuato.
Long. 17 m.m.
Hab. N. Mapacasoar, Diego Suarez Bay.
This insect well illustrates the important divergences
which in this genus may underlie apparently insignificant
superficial distinctions. At first sight this species seems
almost identical with P. humeralis, but in addition to
the atrophy of the wings there are numerous slight differ-
ences. The spot on the vertex of the head is not pro-
duced backwards, the thorax is more widened in front,
the shoulders are less prominent and the apices of the
elytra are truncated more sharply and in a uniform curve.
The dorsal ridges are narrower, and, finally, the antennze
are longer and stouter. Four specimens have been
kindly presented to us by M. René Oberthur, by whose
wish I have named it after the collectors, Messrs. E. and B.
Perrot.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.
Fig. 1, Pheropsophus heathi, Arrow.
2. ry nigricollis, Arrow.
3 ms curtus, Arrow.
A, a perroti, Arrow.
5 5 abbreviatus, Arrow.
6 5 gracilis, Arrow.
7 $5 congoensis, Arrow.
8 > dimidiatus, Arrow.
9 ss livingston, Arrow.
( 209 )
XI. A further contribution to our knowledge of African
Phytophagous Coleoptera. By Martin Jacosy,
F.E.S.
[Read May Ist, 1901.]
PLATE X,;
THE following is a list of my former publications on
African Phytophaga :—
Transactions Entom. Soc. London, 1888.
Annales Soc. Entomol. de Belgique, 1893. (Species of
Lema. )
Novitates Zoologice, 1894.
Deutsche Ent. Zeitsch., 1895.
Transact. Ent. Soc. London, 1895.
Proceedings Zool. Soc. London, 1897.
7 ee 1898.
\ 7. 1900.
Ann. and Magaz. Natur. Hist. London, 1898.
The specimens, the subject of this paper, have been
received partly from Mr. Guy Marshall at Mashonaland,
Mr. Cecil Barker at Malvern, Natal, and partly from the
Belgian Museum; the insects previously received have
been described by me in the publications above mentioned.
The present paper deals with the Crioceride, Clythride,
Cryptocephalide, Chrysomeide and Humolpide. The
Galerucide and Halticidx will be the subject of the
second part.
Lema sanguinipennis, sp. n.
Broad and robust, black, thorax dilated anteriorly, finely punctured,
closely so behind the sulcus, elytra dark reddish with a sutural
depression below the base, strongly punctate-striate anteriorly, the
interstices costate at the sides near the apex only.
Length 8 millim,
Head with the portion between the eyes strongly raised and
partly and divided posteriorly, sparingly punctured, eyes deeply
notched, antennz scarcely extending to the middle of the elytra,
black, the second and third joint small, equal, twice the length of
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART II. (SEPT.) 15
210 Mr. M. Jacoby on
the second one, terminal joints widened, but longer than broad;
thorax strongly widened anteriorly, not longer than broad, the sides
moderately constricted, the anterior angles obtuse, not tuberculiform,
the surface with an obsolete fovea near the anterior angles, finely
and irregularly punctured, the base broadly transversely sulcate,
this portion more strongly and closely punctured than the rest of
the surface, scutellum black, its apex truncate; elytra with an
oblique depression below the base, the punctures large anteriorly
and within the depression, much finer and more elongate in shape
posteriorly, below and the legs black, clothed with thin greyish
pubescence.
Hab. NATAL, Malvern (C. Barker).
This species, although closely allied to L. rufipennis, Lac.,
in coloration differs in its much smaller size and in the
punctuation of the thorax and that of the elytra, the
former part in Z. rufipennis has a narrow and deep basal
sulcus and the portion behind it is impunctate, while in
the present insect the sulcus is broad and shallow, not
well-defined, and the portion below it is strongly and
closely punctured, the sculpturing of the elytra is finer
and closer, almost striate-punctate, and the basal depres-
sion is wanting in Lacordaire’s species. I received two
specimens from Mr. C. Barker.
Lema pubsfrons, Jac.
This species is subject to some variation in regard to
the colour of the head and that of the legs, in some speci-
mens the former is reddish, in others black, but the grey
pubescence is constant, the thorax shows also in each case
the anterior lateral groove besides the basal sulcus; speci-
mens received from Mr. Barker at Malvern have the lower
portion of the tibiz and the tarsi blackish, and Mr.
Marshall has forwarded specimens from Salisbury which
have the posterior four femora entirely black, in all other
respects all the specimens agree.
Lema ashantiensis, sp. 0.
Black below, above rufous, thorax scarcely constricted at the sides,
obsoletely sulcate anteriorly, distinctly so posteriorly, finely punctured
at the middle, elytra sub-foveolate punctate, the interstices strongly
costate at the apex.
Length 8-10 millim,
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 211
Head reddish fulvous at the base, the anterior portion black, the
space between the eyes raised into two tubercles, the eyes deeply
notched, antenne extending nearly to the middle of the elytra,
black, robust, the third and the following joints of nearly equal
length and thickness, the terminal joints shorter ; thorax not broader
than long, the sides but little constricted at the middle, the anterior
angles with a small tubercle, the disc with several rows of very fine
punctures at the middle, the anterior portion with a short transverse
suleus at the sides close to the anterior margin and more or less
distinct, the base with the usual sulcus well marked, scutellum
truncate at the apex, elytra without any basal depression, sub-
cylindrical, reddish fulvous, the punctures deep, large and closely
placed especially so near the apex where they gradually diminish in
. size, the interstices at the same place strongly costate, below and the
legs black, sparingly pubescent.
Hab. ASHANTI, West Africa.
Of this species I possess two specimens; it forms another
link in the little group of African ZLema’s to which ZL.
armata, Lac., and L. hottentota belong, but differs from all of
them in the structure of the thorax, the sides of which
are better described as concave than constricted; the
surface also is nearly smooth, not transversely plicate, and
has another short sulcus anteriorly as described above ;
the elytra show no trace of a basal depression, and the
antenne and legs are entirely black as well as the under
side. |
Lema vmpressicollis, sp. n.
Black below, above fulvous, thorax transversely subquadrate,
tuberculate anteriorly, the disc with two deep longitudinal sulci,
elytra closely and deeply punctate-striate, the interstices at the apex,
convex.
Length 53 millim, |
Head fulvous at the base, the anterior portion black, finely
pubescent, the space between the eyes raised into two oblong eleva-
tions, eyes triangularly notched, antennze nearly extending to the
middle of the elytra, black, all the joints rather robust, the third
and fourth equal, rather short ; thorax slightly broader than long,
strongly constricted at the middle, the anterior angles acutely tuber-
culiform, the basal sulcus deep, the disc with a deep longitudinal
groove at each side, extending from the base to the transverse
suleus, the space below the latter transversely plicate, the rest of
the surface impunctate, elytra with very deep and closely placed
212 Mr. M. Jacoby on
punctures, which diminish in size posteriorly, where the interstices
are also longitudinally costate, below and the legs black, clothed
with very short yellow pubescence.
Hab. DELAGOA Bay.
I only know of a single specimen of this species, which
differs entirely from any other Lema with which I am
acquainted, in the two longitudinal] deep thoracic grooves
which are not foveiform but elongate and narrow, in
other respects the species is allied to LZ. armata, Lac.
Lema brfoveata, sp. n.
Below black, above metallic dark greenish, thorax subquadrate,
closely punctured, the sides feebly constricted, elytra with a deep
fovea below the base of each, not very deeply punctate-striate, the
ninth row not interrupted, the base of the tarsi often fulvous,
Length 4 millim.
Head remotely punctured, with deep central and lateral grooves,
the eyes very large, deeply triangularly notched, antenne scarcely
reaching to the middle of the elytra, black, the basal joints more
or less fulvous below, the third and fourth equal, terminal joints
slightly thickened ; thorax as broad as long, very feebly constricted
at the sides, the anterior angles in shape of a small tubercle, the
surface closely and strongly punctured except at the middle near
the anterior margin, the basal portion with a feeble transverse-sulcus
which extends a little way obliquely upwards at the sides, elytra
with a deep oblique fovea near the suture below the base, with
closely placed rather elongate punctures, distinct to the apex and
larger within the fovee, the interstices only costiform near the apex
at the sides and impunctate, legs and the tarsi elongate, the base of
each joint of the latter more or less fulvous.
Hab, Natau, Jsipango, Malvern (C. Barker).
One of the smaller-sized species, and well distinguished
by the closely-punctured thorax and its tuberculate
anterior angles and by the deep elytral fovea, the entire
upper surface is greenish eneous; L. azwrea, Lac., is of
double the size and has only an elytral depression.
Lema pulchella, Peringuey.
This seems to me to be a somewhat doubtful species,
which the author compares with JZ. chalcoptera and L.
aenea, Lac., but does not point out the differences; the
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 213
rufous patch at the top of the bead is also more or less
present in ZL. chalcoptera, and other differences I cannot
see in the description which is scarcely detailed enough,
nor is the exact locality of the species given.
Crioceris transvalensis, sp. 0.
The head, antennez, the breast and abdomen more or less black,
thorax fulvous, subangulate anteriorly, the dise with deep punctures
in rows, elytra closely punctate-striate, flavous, the suture black,
the lateral margins reddish-fulvous,
Length 6 millim.
Of very elongate and narrow shape, the head deeply constricted
behind the eyes, the neck and the vertex flavous, the space surround-
ing the eyes black, the latter very prominent and large, labrum
flavous, antennze very short and robust, black, the lower four joints
shining, the rest pubescent, transversely widened ; thorax slightly
broader than long, strongly narrowed at the base, the anterior
portion forming a round angle before the middle, the disc with a
row of strong punctures at each side and another near the middle
forming a semicircle, reddish-fulvous, the anterior and posterior
margin narrowly flavous, scutellum black; elytra regularly and
closely punctate-striate, flavous, the suture narrowly black in shape
of a longitudinal stripe, the sides with a similar reddish-fulvous
band, both not quite reaching the apex, below and the base of the
femora black, the other parts of the legs and the sides of the abdomen
flavous, tibize with a blackish stripe at their outer side.
Hab. TRANSVAAL.
This Crioceris agrees in structural details entirely with
C. balyt, Har., likewise from Africa, but the markings of
the elytra are entirely different and the latter are devoid
of any transverse bands and their punctuation is more
regularly and closely arranged. I possess a single specimen
of this species.
Poecilomorpha fulvicornis, sp. n.
Black, the antennze (the basal joints excepted) fulvous, head and
thorax pubescent, impunctate, elytra flavous, finely punctured and
clothed with fulvous hairs.
Length 7 millim.
Head broad, the clypeus separated from the face by a transverse
groove, the antennz extending to the base of the thorax, fulvous,
the lower four joints black, the fifth and following transversely
214 Mr. M. Jacoby on
widened ; thorax one-half broader than long, the sides widened at
the middle, the surface with a transverse anterior and posterior
sulcus, black, impunctate and clothed with grey pubescence, scutellum
black, pubescent ; elytra finely but not closely punctured, flavous,
the pubescence fulvous, the suture extremely narrowly black, below
and the legs black, clothed with long white hairs.
Hab. East AFRICA.
A small species of which I possess a single specimen
without detailed locality and of similar coloration as P.
senegalensis, Lac., the posterior legs are unfortunately
wanting, the insect has the antennze of Poecilomorpha and
the thorax of Zeucastra on account of the two sulci,
although the posterior groove is very narrow, and either
genus would have been suitable for its reception; the
fulvous antennee and the white long pubescence of the
under side separates the species from P. senegalensis.
Poecilomorpha bieolor, sp. un.
Reddish-fulvous, shining, the antennz and the anterior four legs
black, thorax strongly angulate near the base, impunctate, elytra
finely and remotely punctured, with short fulvous pubescence.
Length 7 millim.
Head rather strongly punctured between the eyes, clypeus separated
by a deep transverse groove, palpi thin, fulvous, antennz with the
fifth and the following joints strongly transversely dilated, black,
the basal joint obscure flavous; thorax with the sides strongly
obliquely narrowed anteriorly and strongly angulate at the base with
a deep transverse groove near the anterior margin and a more obsolete
one near the base, the disc entirely impunctate and sparingly clothed
with fulvous pubescence, elytra fulvous and shining, not closely but
distinctly punctured and sparingly pubescent; below and the
posterior femora fulvous, the latter with a black spot at the base,
tibize and tarsi blackish, strongly clothed with yellowish hairs.
Hab. A¥rica, Niger-Benué Expedit. (Bang-Haas).
Of this species, which seems allied to P. amabilis, Baly,
I received a single, apparently female, specimen from Dr.
Staudinger and Herr Bang-Haas; the uniform coloration,
the impunctate thorax and the colour of the legs separate
the species from any of its allies; in my specimen the
posterior femora are moderately thickened and do not
extend to the apex of the abdomen, and their tibiz are
curved.
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 215
Poecitlomorpha fasciaticollis, sp. n.
The lower part of the head and the under side and legs black,
closely pubescent, thorax fulvous with a central longitudinal black
band, elytra flavous, closely punctured, a spot on the shoulders and
a transverse band near the apex black.
Length 12 millim.
Head fulvous at the vertex, the latter clothed with black erect
hairs, finely punctured, the lower portion black, closely covered with
long white hairs, labrum fulvous, antennze extending to the base of
the thorax, black, the lower four joints fulvous, the fifth and follow-
ing joints strongly transversely widened ; thorax one half broader
than long, the sides strongly rounded and widened at the middle,
the disc without distinct sulci, fulvous and pubescent Jike the head,
the middle with a narrow black band from the apex to the base ;
seutellum black, elytra slightly narrowed posteriorly, finely punc-
tured, each puncture provided with a black hair, with a black spot
on the shoulder and a broad transverse band below the middle, the
rest of the surface flavous, below and the legs black, the latter and
the breast thickly clothed with white pubescence, posterior femora
strongly incrassate and extending beyond the elytra. (6)
Hab. MASHONALAND, Mtoko’s (@. Marshall).
Of this handsome species, Mr. Marshall has obtained
both sexes, the female not differing from the male except
in the broader thoracic band and the shorter posterior
legs. I know of no other described species with similar
coloration.
Leucastea dahomeyensis, sp. na.
Flavous, pubescent, thorax with a few fine punctures, subangulate
near the base, elytra more strongly and closely punctured, black
with stiff fulvous and black hairs.
Var. Entirely flavous, each elytron with a small black spot near
the middle.
Length 8 millim.
Head sparingly punctured and clothed with single black hairs,
the clypeus narrowly transverse, flavous like the labrum, apex of the
mandibles black, antenne extending beyond the base of the thorax,
flavous, the terminal six joints thickened but not transverse ; thorax
nearly twice as broad as long, with an anterior and basal narrow
sulcus, the sides produced into a rounded angle near the base, the
dise with single black hairs and a few punctures, elytra remotely but
more distinctly punctured than the thorax and similarly pubescent ;
216 Mr. M. Jacoby on
below and the legs flavous, the posterior femora of the male strongly
thickened, the tibize densely pubescent, the tarsi sometimes infuscate.
Hab. DAHomEY, Porto Novo.
Of this species, several specimens, both of the typical
form with black elytra and of the variety, were sent to me
by M. Clavareau. I have not the least doubt that both
represent the same species, the more so as both were
obtained at the same locality, and as there is not the
slightest difference in structural details. The species
resembles somewhat ZL. bimaculata, Jac., from Mashona-
land, but the latter is larger, the antennez and the legs are
black and the elytral spots are placed lower. All the
species of this genus described by Prof. Westwood differ
either in coloration or structurally.
Clythra lacordacret, sp. 0.
Elongate and parallel, black, head strongly rugose, thorax trans-
verse, rufous, strongly and remotely punctured, elytra fulvous,
strongly punctured in closely approached rows, a spot on the
shoulders, another larger one near the scutellum and a short trans-
verse band near the apex, black, tibize and tarsi fulvous.
Length 6 millim.
Head black, sparingly clothed with extremely short silvery hairs,
strongly rugosely punctured the punctures partly confluent, eyes
large, the clypeus separated by an obsolete transverse depression, its
anterior margin concave-emarginate, antenne short, black, the second
and third joint fulvous, the fourth and following joints strongly
transverse ; thorax transversely convex, twice as broad as long, the
sides very feebly rounded, the surface very strongly and remotely
punctured, scutellum broadly triangular, black, elytra strongly
punctured in closely approached very irregular rows, very feebly
lobed below the shoulders, pale fulvous, a small spot on the
shoulders, a larger round one near the scutellum and a short,
slightly curved band near the apex, abbreviated at the sides, black,
below densely clothed with silvery pubescence, black, the tibize and
tarsi fulvous, robust and the latter broad.
Hab, MASHONALAND, Headlands (G. Marshall).
The rugose head and its black colour, the strong and
remote punctuation of the thorax, and the position of the
elytral spots will distinguish this species.
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 207
Miopristis varipes, sp. n.
Below black, above testaceous, thorax strongly rugose, with two
large black spots, elytra extremely closely and irregularly punctured,
each with a small spot on the shoulders, one below it and another
below the middle near the lateral margins, black.
Mas. The anterior legs very elongate, the femora dentate near the
apex, preceded by shorter teeth, the tibize long and curved, mucronate,
the tarsi elongate.
Var. The elytra with only one spot at the shoulders.
Length 6 millim.
Head broad, finely rugose, the upper portion black, the lower
flavous, with an obsolete longitudinal central depression, antennz
extending below the thorax, black, the lower four joints flavous, the
second and third very small, the fourth elongate and widened, the
rest strongly transverse and triangularly dilated, the eyes broadly
emarginate at the lower portion, thorax about one half broader than
long, the sides feebly rounded, the posterior angles distinct, the disc
rather swollen at each side, coarsely rugose and confluently punc-
tured, pale fulvous with a large black patch at each side not extending
to the apical margin, scutellum narrow, raised, black and shining,
elytra less strongly punctured than the thorax, the punctures ex-
tremely closely and irregularly placed, testaceous, the shoulders with
a black spot, followed immediately by another smaller one near the
margins and another one lower down in the same line, legs flavous,
the anterior femora and their tibize more or less black above.
Hab, CAPE CoLony, Witenhage (C. Barker).
Amongst the many nearly similarly coloured species of
this genus, described by Lacordaire and others, I cannot
find one with which to identify the present insect. I
would have referred it to MM. quadraticollis, Lac., which is
of entirely similar colour, but cannot do so on account of
the distinctly transverse thorax of the species before me
and the almost rugosely punctured elytra. I received
three specimens from Mr. Barker, and another is contained
in the Belgian Museum collection. These are all males,
the female is unknown to me. In only one of the speci-
mens are the three elytral spots distinct, in all the others
there is only the humeral one present. M. natalensis,
Jac., is certainly very closely allied, but the thorax in that
insect is remotely punctured, the elytral punctuation is
°° fine and close, and the anterior legs are entirely
ack.
218 Mr. M. Jacoby on
Miopristis hirta, sp. n.
Below black, pubescent, legs fulvous, thorax finely pubescent,
black, the anterior margin fulvous, elytra finely, closely and semi-
regularly punctured, testaceous, clothed with very short silvery
pubescence.
Mas. The anterior legs very elongate, their femora strongly
incrassate.
Length 53 millim. :
Narrow and elongate, the head finely rugose and pubescent be-
tween the eyes, the upper portion black, the clypeus and labrum
fulvous, clypeus triangularly emarginate at the anterior margin,
antenne black, the lower three joints fulvous, the second and third
joint very small, the fourth and following joints triangularly dilated ;
thorax about one half broader than long, narrowed anteriorly, the
sides feebly rounded, the posterior angles obtuse, the surface im-
punctate, black, shining, sparingly clothed with grey pubescence,
the anterior margin more broadly and the lateral ones very narrowly
fulvous, scutellum triangular, pointed, black ; elytra very finely and
closely punctured in irregular rows, furnished with very short silvery
pubescence, testaceous ; below black, strongly pubescent, legs fulvous,
the anterior femora of the male strongly dilated, finely serrate at
their lower margin, the tibize long, mucronate at the apex, the first
joint of the tarsi elongate, as long as the following joints together,
the last joints more or less fuscous.
Hab, MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Jarshall).
This is an interesting little species on account of the
pubescence of the upper surface, which is not found in any
other of the genus. Mr. Marshall has forwarded two
specimens, both males.
Mropristis melanocephalus, sp. n.
¢ Black, the head rugose, thorax fulvous, impunctate, elytra
testaceous ; extremely finely and closely punctured, legs flavous, the
anterior femora dilated, black at the apex, the tarsi black.
Length 7 millim.
Head finely and closely rugose between the eyes, the vertex
sparingly punctured, each puncture furnished with a whitish hair,
clypeus triangularly emarginate, labrum fulvous, antenne extending
to the base of the thorax, black, the apex of the basal joint and the
following two joints fulvous, the fifth and the following one strongly
triangularly dilated ; thorax more than twice as. broad as long, the
Afrwan Phytophagous Coleoptera. 219
sides strongly rounded, the angles distinct but not strongly marked,
the disc smooth and impunctate, with the exception of a few deep
punctures at the middle of the anterior margin, scutellum black ; the
elytra narrower at the base than the thorax, pale testaceous, finely
and closely punctured; below black, the femora fulvous, partly
black below, the anterior ones strongly thickened and elongate, their
inner surface rugose, the lower margin with a row of small teeth, the
anterior tibiz strongly curved, black and rugose, the apex with a
long spur, the tarsi black, the first joint of the anterior ones as long
as the following joints together.
Hab. CAPE Cotony, Dunbrody (Rev. 0’ Netl),
Quite distinct from M. varipes by the black and rugose
head, the smooth thorax and finely punctured elytra; the
same differences and the unspotted thorax and fulvous
legs separate the species from JZ. natalensis, Jac. I
received a single male specimen from the Rev. O'Neil.
Dapromorpha bomaensis, sp. n.
Black, head closely, thorax remotely but strongly punctured,
shining, elytra regularly punctate-striate anteriorly, more irregu-
larly so posteriorly, flavous, with a broad transverse black band
below the middle, the shoulders with a small black spot.
Length 5 millim.
Head black, closely punctured at the middle, shining, with a small
central fovea, clypeus nearly impunctate, its anterior margin tri-
angularly emarginate, eyes nearly entire, large, antennze black, the
second and the following two joints fulvous; thorax rather more
than twice as broad as long, the sides straight, the anterior margin
concave, the disc irregularly but rather strongly and remotely
punctured, the punctures more closely placed at the sides and near
the base, with very small punctures between the larger ones, scutellum
triangular, black, with a few minute punctures ; elytra rather feebly
lobed below the shoulders, strongly punctate-striate, the strie much
more closely placed and more irregularly so from the middle down-
wards, flavous, the black band broad, placed immediately below the
middle, its anterior and posterior margin concave, leaving the apex
in shape of a round spot and the anterior portion of the flavous
ground colour ; below and the legs black, clothed with grey pubescence,
Hab. Conco, Boma.
I received two specimens of this species from M.
220 Mr. M. Jacoby on
Clavareau at Brussels; it belongs to the small-sized in-
sects of this genus and is not a very typical form, but the
elytra are distinctly although not strongly lobed at the
base, the pygidium is not covered by them and the legs
are short and stout; the elytral pattern and the black
thorax will easily distinguish the species.
Mapromorpha tigrina, sp. n.
Bluish-black below, densely clothed with silvery pubescence, above
flavous, the antenne, tibiee and tarsi fulvous, thorax with two broad
longitudinal bands, remotely punctured, elytra closely and semi-
regularly punctate, flavous, the extreme apex reddish fulvous, each
elytron with three transverse black bands.
Length 8-9 millim.
Head flat, entirely covered with short, grey pubescence, antenna _
half the length of the thorax, fulvous; thorax narrowed in front, the
sides straight, the surface finely, irregularly and remotely punctured,
the flavous portion impunctate, confined to the sides (narrowly at
the base, broadly at the anterior angles) and to a thin medial stripe,
which divides the black portion nearly to the base, scutellum black,
impunctate, its apex truncate, elytra more strongly punctured than
the thorax, the punctures semi-regularly arranged in rows, with
three oblique black bands, the first placed below the base, the second
below the middle and the third near the apex, the latter being
reddish fulvous in colour.
Hab. LUITPOLDKETTE, ORIENTAL AFRICA (Belgian Mus.
and my collection).
Three or four very nearly similarly marked species are
known from Africa of which D. zebra, Lac.,and D. tetéentis,
Gerst., are the more closely allied forms; the two specimens
before me are exactly similar, and seem to me to differ
from the following species thus:—In JD, zebra the legs are
entirely black and the reddish spot at the apex of the
elytra is wanting, this is also the case in D. argentata, Fab.,
and JD. tettensis ; in the latter species the elytra are also
much more strongly punctured and the legs are black; D.
hemorrhagica, Gerst., has similar fulvous elytral apex but
only two black bands instead of three; the female of the
present insect is larger and has the usual fovea at the last
abdominal segment.
Diapromorpha terminata, sp. i.
Black, thorax pubescent, strongly punctured, fulvous with a
|
|
a
,
i
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 221
central black band, elytra remotely punctate-striate, greenish
testaceous, narrowly margined with black, the extreme apex yellowish-
red.
Length 5-6 millim.
Head coarsely punctured and pubescent, black, the vertex divided
by a deep central longitudinal groove, the space between the
eyes more deeply punctured, epistome separated from the face by a
fovea, its anterior edge nearly straight, labrum black, antenne very
short, black, the fourth and following joints strongly transverse ;
thorax about one half broader than long, the sides not much deflexed,
the lateral margins nearly straight, the posterior angles obliquely
rounded, the median lobe rather strongly produced, the surface
crowded with deep and smaller punctures and clothed with grey
pubescence, reddish-fulvous with a broad, medially nearly interrupted
black band at the middle (in the female only indicated anteriorly),
scutellum rather broad, rugosely punctured and pubescent ; elytra
somewhat flattened, the lateral lobes below the shoulders short and
distinct at the base only, the punctures black and arranged in
distant rows, the punctures themselves likewise distantly placed, the
ground colour a pale greenish testaceous, all the margins narrowly ;
black, the basal one ending in a black spot in front of the shoulders,
the latter faintly but the apex of each elytron bright yellowish-red,
below and the legs black, closely covered with white pubescence, the
abdomen closely and strongly punctured.
Flab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury (@. Marshall).
Of this interesting little species Mr. Marshall has sent
an apparently male ‘and female specimen, the latter only
differing in being larger and having a broader head and
shorter mandibles, the anterior tarsi in the male are also
rather more slender; the species is of entirely different
coloration than any other Diapromorpha or Peploptera, and
differs further from most in the pubescent thorax, although
agreeing in the elytral Jobe and uncovered pygidium.
Peploptera fulvitarsis, Jac.
This species is identical with P. zambesiana, Pering.
(Trans. 8. A. Phil. Soc. 1886), as pointed out to me by
_ Mr. Marshall, who compared my species with that of Mr.
Peringuey. I unfortunately overlooked this author’s paper,
so my name for the species cannot stand.
Peploptera humeralis, Jac. (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897).
It is quite possible that this species is identical with
222 Mr. M. Jacoby on
P. abyssinica, Lefév. (Revue et Mag. Zool. 1877), but the
author described the species from a female specimen and
gives the colour of the tarsi as rufous, while they are
black in P. humeralis. I have also received a specimen
from Mashonaland from Mr. Marshall which I must refer
to this species, as it agrees in nearly everything and in the
shape of the penis; this latter is of robust shape, widened
at the apex, the opening of the latter large, its lower edge
produced into a point and furnished with long bristle-like
hairs, the upper margin of the cavity triangularly produced,
truncate at the middle.
Peploptera curvilinea, sp. n.
Black, the basal joints of the antennze and the apex of the tibic
more or less fulvous, thorax reddish-fulvous with a broad central
black band, finely and sparingly punctured, elytra flavous, strongly
and regularly punctate-striate, a sutural, medially constricted band
and another at the lateral margin, curved inwards at the apex, black.
Length 6 millim.
Head black, shining, the vertex swollen, the space between the
eyes strongly rugose-punctate, separated from the vertex by a depres-
sion, eyes elongate, slightly notched, palpi black, their basal joint
fulvous, antennz black, the lower three joints fulvous, thorax twice
as broad as long, narrowed anteriorly, the sides nearly straight, the
median lobe slight, the surface very sparingly and minutely punctured,
reddish-fulvous, with a broad, posteriorly strongly widened black
central band, the disc with a distinct transverse short groove near the
base at each side, scutellum black, triangular ; elytra with regular and
deep rows of punctures, flavous, the posterior portion narrowly
margined with black, the sutural band widened posteriorly and not
extending to the base or apex, the lateral ones widened at the
shoulders, often in shape of an elongate spot, its apex curved towards
the suture, nearly touching the sutural band, below clothed with
silvery pubescence.
Hab. Nata, Malvern (C. Barker).
Again closely allied to P. dorsata and P. trilineata,
Lac., but differing in the single broad central band of the
thorax, the distinct lateral groove of the latter, the shape
of the sutural and lateral bands of the elytra and the
partly fulvous tibiz; nine specimens received from Mr.
Barker all exactly agree in this respect, the sexes were
taken. “in coitu”; the penis is short and broad, the upper
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 223
edge broadly truncate, the lower one produced triangularly,
the apical cavity partly occupied by a very convex or curved
ball-like projection.
Peploptera barker, sp. n.
Black, the head impubescent, thorax scarcely perceptibly punc-
tured, fulvous, with a central black band and two lateral spots,
elytra strongly and regularly punctate-striate, flavous, a sutural
band, a humeral spot and another lateral band, slightly curved
at the apex and abbreviated near the latter, as well as the legs black.
Length 4-5 millim.
One of the smallest species of the genus, which might easily be
mistaken for a small variety of the preceding one but certainly
distinct on account of the totally differently structured penis ;
the head is not pubescent as in P. curvilinea, strongly punctured in
front of the eyes only, not rugose; the clypeus is broad and with a
few punctures only, the antennz are black with the second and
third joint fulvous, thorax very minutely and irregularly punctured,
fulvous, the middle with a broad black band strongly constricted
anteriorly, the sides with a small black spot and a distinct transverse
depression, the median lobe is margined with black and has a row
of punctures as is generally the case, scutellum black, triangular
and impunctate, elytra with a transverse depression below the
base, strongly and regularly punctate-striate, the apex nearly im-
punctate, narrowly margined with black, the sutural band widened
posteriorly and not extending to the base nor apex, the marginal one
commencing below the shoulders and reaching as far as the sutural
band, its apex curved inwards, the shoulders with a subquadrate
black spot.
Hab. Natau, Malvern (C. Barker); also DUNBRODY,
Cape Colony (Rev. O'Neil).
The pattern of the elytra in this species is identical with
that of many others, but the very small size, sculpturing
of the head, and principally the structure of the penis will
at once distinguish it; this latter organ is of very com-
plicated structure, short and stout, the upper surface
deeply channelled with the sides in shape of acute
ridges which join in front in shape of a deflexed tri-
angular apex ; the lower margin of the penis is produced
into a triangular point, deeply hollowed out above,
between this upper and lower margin are two spoon-
shaped projections, one at each side, which partly fill up
224 Mr. M. Jacoby on
the frontal cavity. It will be seen by this that the ex-
amination of the male organ is absolutely necessary in
separating these very closely allied forms, and as Lacordaire
has never done this it is almost impossible to recognize
with certainty many of his species or to know to which of
them his varieties belong.
Peploptera irreqularis, sp. n.
Black, the basal joints of the antenne fulvous, thorax finely punc-
tate, reddish-fulvous with three longitudinal black bands, elytra flavous,
irregularly and closely punctured, a sutural anteriorly interrupted
stripe and a more narrow lateral one, black, the four posterior tibie
more or less flavous.
Var. The lateral stripe only distinct at the middle, the shoulders
with a black spot.
Length 7-10 millim.
Head depressed, black, rugosely punctured throughout, finely
pubescent at the sides, the anterior edge of the clypeus but little
emarginate, antenne short, not extending to the middle of the
thorax, black, the lower four joints fulvous, the fifth and following
joints transverse ; thorax scarcely twice as broad as long, the sides
’ rounded before the middle, straight at the base, the anterior
margin only half the width of that of the posterior one, the surface
sparingly and very finely punctured, reddish-fulvous, with a
central and two lateral longitudinal black bands, which are fre-
quently interrupted anteriorly, the middle one pointed, the others
placed at some distance from the lateral margins and blunt at their
ends, scutellum short and triangular, black ; elytra with the lateral
lobes strongly produced, rather finely and very closely punctured,
the punctures placed in very closely approached and irregular rows,
flavous, with a sutural and lateral black band, not extending to the
base nor the apex ; below closely covered with white silky pubes-
cence, black, the posterior four tibize more or less flavous at their
apex.
Hab. Nata, Malvern (C. Barker); also TRANSVAAL.
I cannot identify this species with any of those described
by Lacordaire or since, but would have placed it with P.
dorsatw to which at all events it is closely allied, the
irregular and close punctuation of the elytra however
differs entirely from that of the last-named insect,
Lacordaire especially speaking of 10 more or less distinct
rows of punctures and an impunctate thorax; there are a
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 225
dozen specimens: before me which only vary in the shape
and size of the elytral bands, these being sometimes very
narrow and the lateral ones often interrupted, in all the
specimens the posterior four tibiz are entirely or partly
fulvous; the male differs in having very broad anterior
tarsi. There will be no difficulty in separating this species
from most of its allies which have but one or two amongst
them in which the elytra are nearly similarly sculptured but
differing again in the markings and that of the thorax ;
the penis also differs from those of the allied forms but is
somewhat similar to that of P. marshalli, it is short and
robust, the lower edge of the widely-opened cavity is pro-
duced into a long and rather pointed projection and is
fringed with long hairs, the upper portion of the cavity is
but slightly and bluntly produced, the sides of the cavity
are occupied by another pointed and long lamina or pro-
jection between which a long, curved bristle springs; the
two male specimens which I have examined show no
difference whatever in this respect. It will be seen there-
fore that the species is doubtless distinct from the others
described here.
Peploptera marshalli, sp. n.
Black, the head rugose, thorax fulvous with a central black band,
elytra flavous, moderately strongly and regularly punctate-striate,
a sutural and a narrower lateral stripe abbreviated posteriorly and
connected by a transverse band near the apex and a spot on the
shoulders black.
Length 7 millim.
Head black, longitudinally strigose at the middle, antenne not
extending to the base of the thorax, black, the third and fourth
joint fulvous, the fifth and following ones strongly transverse ;
thorax about one half broader than long, the sides feebly rounded
and obliquely narrowed in front, the disc with a few minute punc-
tures and a slight transverse groove at each side near the base,
fulvous, the middle with a longitudinal black band which is suddenly
and angulately widened from the middle to the base, the latter with
some stronger punctures at the margin, scutellum triangular, black ;
elytra with strongly developed post humeral lobes, regularly and
not very deeply punctate-striate, flavous, with a broad sutural and
a narrow marginal black band, not extending to the base and con-
nected near the apex by another transverse fascia which narrows
towards the lateral margins, the apex of the elytra nearly im-
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART III. (SEPT.) 16
226 Mr. M. Jacoby on
punctate and narrowly margined with black ; below densely clothed
with silvery pubescence.
Hab, MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshall).
In spite of great resemblance to several other species of
similar colorations, the present one is evidently quite dis-
tinct as proved by the structure of the male organ; this
latter is short and cylindrical, abruptly truncate at the apex,
the deflexed portion is perpendicular and provided with a
strong central ridge, while the sides are concave or hollowed,
the lower edge ends into an acute triangular point. In
distinguishing this species, the size of the insect, the
regular punctate-striate elytra and the structure of the
penis will assist in its determination.
Aitheomorpha epistomata, sp. n.
Elongate and parallel, pale fulvous, apical joints of the antennze
fuscous, clypeus subquadrately emarginate, head and thorax impunc-
tate, elytra extremely minutely and sparingly punctured, the breast
fuscous ; elytra feebly lobed below the shoulders.
Var. Below entirely fulvous.
Length 4-5 millim.
Head fulvous, shining, with a deep fovea between the eyes, the
space between them with a few very minute punctures, eyes large,
distinctly notched below, the epistome deeply and subquadrately
emarginate, the sides of the emargination dentiform, labrum flavous,
antenne extending to the base of the thorax, fulvous, the apical
joints more or less fuscous, the third and fourth joint equal, short,
the fifth and following strongly triangularly dilated ; thorax about
one half broader than long, subquadrate, the sides nearly straight,
the median lobe scarcely marked, the surface with a narrow trans-
verse sulcus near the anterior and posterior margin, entirely im-
punctate, very shining, the extreme base accompanied by a few
irregularly placed punctures, somewhat obliquely depressed in front
of the scutellum, the latter smooth, truncate at the apex ; elytra
subcylindrical, extremely finely punctured when seen under a strong
lens, the punctures somewhat arranged in rows, the sides below the
shoulders feebly but distinctly lobed ; below and the legs fulvous,
the breast black, clothed with whitish pubescence, anterior legs
somewhat elongate, robust, the tarsi broad.
Hab. CaPE Cotony, Dunbrody (Rev. O Neil); NATAL,
Kstcourt.
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 227
This species cannot be mistaken for any of those
described by Lacordaire from South Africa, on account
of the deeply emarginate epistome in connection with
the scarcely perceptibly elytral punctuation ; their lobed
epipleurze will separate the species from any similarly
coloured Gynandrophthalma, and the subquadrate thorax
which has all the angles distinct from Diapromorpha.
Barybena humeralis, sp. n.
Black, the basal joints of the antennz flavous, thorax fulvous with
some piceous spots, impunctate, elytra finely and closely punctured,
flavous, the shoulders with a small black spot, the suture posteriorly
extremely narrowly black.
Mas. Thorax strongly transverse, broader than the elytra, the
anterior legs elongate, the femora strongly incrassate, the tibiz
mucronate, the first joint of the tarsi slender.
Fem, Thorax not wider than the elytra, strongly punctured
anteriorly, legs and tarsi scarcely elongate.
Length 3 millim.
Mas. Head strongly and closely punctured, black, shining, the
anterior margin of the epistome nearly straight, mandibles large,
more or less fulvous, antenne black, the lower four joints flavous,
the fifth and following joints transverse, triangularly widened ;
thorax twice as broad as long, the sides strongly rounded, the posterior
angles obsolete, the surface impunctate, with the exception of a
small number of punctures at the middle of the anterior margin,
the dise pale fulvous, with six more or less distinct elongate piceous
spots, placed transversely, scutellum pointed, black, elytra finely
punctured in closely approached very irregular rows, the extreme
apex nearly impunctate, the posterior portion of the suture extremely
narrowly and a spot on the shoulders black, below and the legs black.
Hab. Nata, Malvern (C. Barker).
This little species, of which I received both sexes from
Mr. Barker, agrees in everything with the other ones
described by Lacordaire as regards structural characters,
but is of small size, and differs in the black shoulder
spot and similar coloured posterior portion of the suture ;
the female might easily be mistaken for another species
since the thorax is remotely but strongly punctured, but
both sexes were taken by Mr. Barker “in cop.”
228 Mr. M. Jacoby on
Barybena lurida, Lac.
Fem. Fulvous, the terminal joints of the antennze black, the head
and thorax impunctate, elytra finely and closely punctured, with a
round spot at the base and another near the apex black.
Length 5-6 millim.
Of this species Lacordaire only knew the male sex.
Through the kindness of Mr. Barker I have now received
both sexes taken “in copula” at Malvern, Natal, and am
enabled to give the above description of the female which,
unlike the male, has two black spots on each elytron; the
thorax is also shorter, more transversely shaped, and the
sides are more strongly narrowed anteriorly; the anterior
legs are as usual much shorter, and the femora much less
thickened; the head like that of the male may either be
black or fulvous as well as the legs. There are several
other smaller species of different genera of Clythride of
similar coloration found in Africa, but the present one
remains distinct on account of the slender antennz, the
shape of the thorax and the short tarsi.
Camptolenes brevitarsis, sp. n.
Black, the head, thorax and the under side finely pubescent, thorax
scarcely punctured, the anterior and lateral margins fulvous, elytra
opaque, finely and closely punctured, fulvous, a spot on the shoulders,
another before the middle near the suture and a transverse band
below the middle black.
Var. Elytra without any spots,
Mas. Mandibles large and robust, curved at the apex, the anterior
legs moderately elongate, the tarsi short and subtriangular.
Length 8 millim.
Head broad, clothed with fine yellow pubescence, the epistome
depressed, its apex truncate, pubescent, labrum fulvous, mandibles
deeply sulcate and pointed, the eyes emarginate, the sides below
subquadrately produced, antenne not extending to the base of the
thorax, black, the lower three joints fulvous, the fourth joint
elongate, triangularly widened, the following strongly transversely
serrate, thorax twice as broad as long, the sides rounded, with a
narrow margin, the posterior margin straight at the sides, strongly
produced at the middle, the surface sparingly impressed with a few
minute punctures, black at the basal portion and finely pubescent,
the anterior part smooth, shining and fulvous, this colour extending
to the sides, broadly anteriorly, narrow near the base, scutellum
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 229
broad, finely rugose ; elytra very finely and rather closely punctured,
fulvous, opaque, the shoulders with a black spot, another spot is
placed below the scutellum near the suture and a narrow transverse
black band below the middle not extending to either margin, the an-
terior legs in the male elongate, the femora robust, the tibize slightly
curved and dilated at the apex, not mucronate at the latter part, the
first joint of the anterior tarsi only slightly longer than the second,
triangularly dilated and comparatively short.
Hab. MAuvERN, South Africa (C. Barker).
Of this species I have received four male specimens
but no females from Mr. Barker; there is no described
species to my knowledge which may be referred to this
insect, and which I have placed in Camptolenes on account
of the pubescent head and thorax; the large mandibles
and the short tarsi will help to separate the species from
any of its allies.
Titubea lefevrer, sp. na.
Black, the labrum fulvous, thorax strongly transverse, fulvous,
impunctate, elytra strongly and closely punctured, flavous or fulvous,
a spot on the shoulders (sometimes obsolete), two, placed transversely
before and two others below the middle, black.
Length 9 millim.
Elongate and parallel, the head black, the vertex smooth, the space
between the eyes longitudinally rugose, labrum fulvous, antenne
black, the fourth and following joints very strongly transversely
serrate ; thorax rather more than twice as broad as long, the sides
and the posterior angles strongly rounded, the median lobe broadly
produced, very narrowly marginate, the disc entirely impunctate,
fulvous, rather paler anteriorly, scutellum black, rather long and
pointed, impunctate, elytra strongly punctured in closely approached,
irregular rows, each with an obscure spot on the humeral callus and
four others placed obliquely and transversely before and below the
middle, black, of these, the lower two spots are nearly united in
shape of a band in one specimen ; below and the legs black, the
anterior legs elongate, the first joint of their tarsi scarcely as long as
the following two joints together.
Hab. KABAMBARE, Africa (Collect. Belgian Mus. and
my own).
Closely allied in its system of coloration to 7’. sanzibarieca,
Lefev., but in that species the thorax has two black bands
230 Mr. M. Jacoby on
and the elytra are very minutely punctured; the two
specimens before me seem to belong to the female sex
only.
Gyriodera sublevicollis, sp. n.
Below and the head black, thorax strongly transverse, nearly
impunctate, fulvous, elytra strongly and closely punctured, fulvous,
a spot on the shoulders, and two others placed transversely below
the middle, black ; tibiz and tarsi flavous.
Mas. Mandibles robust, the anterior legs elongate as well as the
first joint of their tarsi.
Fem, Smaller, thorax less strongly transverse, the anterior legs
less elongate.
Length 4 7, 2 6 millim.
Short and robust, the head finely and closely punctured at the
vertex, transversely grooved between the eyes, the space between the
latter closely rugose, the clypeus shining, sparingly punctured, its
anterior margin concave, mandibles robust, antennz nearly extending
to the base of the thorax, black, the lower three joints fulvous, the
fourth and the following joints strongly transverse ; thorax more
than twice as broad as long, the sides obliquely narrowed anteriorly,
strongly rounded near the base and widened at the same place, the
basal margin nearly straight, the median lobe scarcely produced, and
narrowly black, the disc swollen at the middle, obsoletely grooved
at each side near the anterior and posterior margin, the sides with
some very fine punctures, the anterior margin with a more strongly
punctured slight depression at the middle, the rest of the surface
impunctate ; scutellum elongate, raised and pointed, black ; elytra
not more than twice as broad as long, slightly narrowed posteriorly,
strongly and closely punctured in irregular rows, the interstices
finely wrinkled and very minutely punctured, fulvous, a round spot
on the shoulders, a very small spot near the scutellum (absent in
the female) and two others directly below the middle, black, below
and the femora black, the tibiz and tarsi fulvous, the latter robust,
the anterior first joint as long as the following joints together.
Hab. NATAL, Malvern (C. Barker).
Gyriodera seems to me to be the only genus for the
reception of this species on account of the swollen disc of
the thorax, the comparatively short elytra, and the non-
mucronate tibiae; the sculpturing of the thorax differs
from that of the other species of this genus in not being
rugose; for the convenience of determination Gyriodera
is, I think, rightly separated from Zvtwhea by Lacordaire,
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 231
in which latter genus species are placed, having more
elongate tibize and tarsi as well as elytra.
Gynandrophthalma triplagiata, sp. n.
Fulvous, the breast and abdomen black, head finely punctured,
thorax impunctate, elytra very finely punctured in closely approached
rows, a spot on the shoulders and two larger ones, placed transversely
below the middle, black.
Length 53-6 millim.
Head with three deep but small foveze between the eyes, punctured
in front of the latter and at the vertex, fulvous, shining, the clypeus
nearly impunctate, transverse, its anterior margin nearly straight,
labrum testaceous, antennz with the lower five joints and the outer
margins of the following three, fulvous, the rest black, the fifth to the
eleventh joint triangularly dilated ; thorax about twice and a half
broader than long, scarcely narrowed anteriorly, the sides rounded, the
disc smooth and impunctate with the exception of some few punctures
at the middle near the anterior margin, scutellum black, its apex
strongly raised, the base depressed and sparingly punctured ; elytra
extremely finely and closely punctured in indistinct rows, pale
fulvous with an elongate black spot on the shoulders and two others
(the inner one the largest and oblong) placed transversely below the
middle ; under side black (the thorax excepted) densely clothed with
white pubescence, legs entirely fulvous, tarsi rather slender.
Hab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G4. Marshall).
Mr. Marshall sent two exactly similar specimens, only
varying in size, of this very distinct species, which seems
allied to G. foveiceps, Lac., in regard to coloration, but that
species is only 3 millim. in length and has a black and
rugose head.
Gynandrophthalma picturata, sp. n.
Below piceous, the tibize and tarsi (sometimes flavous) and the
head black, thorax sparingly punctured, fulvous with two large black
spots, elytra strongly and very closely semipunctate-striate, flavous,
a transverse band near the base and another near the apex connected
by a subsutural stripe, black.
Var. Thorax with four spots placed transversely.
Length 3 millim.
Of narrow and parallel shape, the head black, strongly but re-
motely punctured between the eyes, the vertex smooth and shining,
232 Mr. M. Jacoby on
the clypeus triangularly emarginate, labrum black, the antenne very
short, piceous, the lower two joints obscure fulvous ; thorax more
than twice as broad as long, the lateral margins rounded, the median
lobe very slightly produced, the disc very sparingly and deeply
punctured, the punctures irregularly placed, fulvous, a large irregular
patch at each side and a small spot at the middle, black ; seutellum
black; elytra strongly punctured in closely approached irregular
rows, distinct nearly to the apex, flavous with a longitudinal short
subsutural black stripe which is connected anteriorly and posteriorly
by a short transverse band not extending to either margins nor to the
base and apex, the hind margin of the posterior band is concave ;
below and the legs blackish, closely covered with grey pubescence,
the tibize and tarsi more or less fulvous.
Hab. CapE Cotony, Dunbrody (Rev. 0’ Neil).
Differing from any of its African allies in the strong and
semi-regular punctuation of the elytra in connection with
the markings of the latter which resemble an I. In the
variety the thorax has two larger and two smaller spots
placed transversely.
Gynandrophthalma capensis, sp. 0.
Below black, finely pubescent, the legs fulvous, above testaceous,
the head black, thorax nearly impunctate with a large lateral and a
small central black mark, elytra finely and closely punctured, each
elytron with a short black band near the suture, widened at the ends,
a spot on the shoulder, another near the lateral margin and a a
shaped mark near the apex, black.
Length 5 millim.
Head finely rugose near the eyes and in the centre, the vertex
smooth, black, the clypeus triangularly emarginate, labrum black,
the palpi fulvous with black apical joint, antennee extending to the
base of the elytra, black, the lower three joints fulvous, the third very
elongate ; thorax nearly twice and a half broader than long, the
lateral margins strongly rounded near the hase, slightly narrowed
anteriorly, the median lobe feebly produced, the surface with a few
minute punctures, with an obsolete transverse groove near the
anterior margin, testaceous, shining, the sides with a large black
transverse patch, the middle with a round spot; scutellum black,
broad, its apex truncate, its base with some fine strigz ; elytra closely
punctured in irregular rows, testaceous, with a short black stripe at
the middle close to the suture, the ends of which are rather suddenly
thickened, an elongate spot is placed on the shoulders and a smaller
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 233
one below the middle at the lateral margins, lastly an angulate
mark in shape ofa A is situated near the apex of each elytron; below
black, finely pubescent, the legs fulvous, the tarsi obscure fuscous,
rather slender.
Tab. CAPE Couony, Dunbrody (Rev. O'Neil).
This species almost exactly agrees in the elytral markings
with G. picturata, but differs quite in the sculpturing of the
head, in the additional markings of the elytra, their less
regularly punctured surface, in the colour of the legs and in
the general larger size. I received a single, apparently
male, specimen from the Rev. O’ Neil.
Gynandrophthalma bicolor, Jac.
Mr. Barker has sent some specimens which I believe
to be this species, which are much larger in size, probably
females, and which agree with Lacordaire’s G. basipennis
in every respect ; but one of the specimens has the colora-
tion of my bicolor, so that I am inclined to believe that the
latter species is only a variety and the male of that of
Lacordaire’s, which is no doubt subject to great variation.
The author described his species from a single female
specimen.
Gynandrophthalma malvernensis, sp. n.
Black, thethorax fulvous, impunctate, the elytra strongly punctured
in closely approached rows, fulvous, a sutural band, abbreviated and
widened at the apex, another band near the lateral margin (sometimes
joined to the sutural one posteriorly) and a spot on the shoulders
black, femora and tarsi more or less fulvous.
Var. (a) The black elytral bands united from the middle down-
wards, the apex fulvous.
Var. (b) Elytra without the humeral spots, the legs entirely
fulvous.
Length 3—4 millim.
Head black, smooth and shining, impunctate, with a small fovea
between the eyes, the clypeus not separated from the face, triangularly
emarginate at the apex, labrum and palpi black, antennz blackish,
the lower three joints fulvous, terminal joints gradually transversely
widened, not triangular; thorax more than twice as broad as long,
not or scarcely narrowed anteriorly, fulvous, entirely impunctate,
the median lobe only indicated with a short row of punctures, scutel-
lum black, impunctate; elytra with closely approached and strong
234 Mr. M. Jacoby on
rows of punctures, the interstices slightly rugose, the suture with a
broad, posteriorly widened band which is nearly connected at the
apex with another marginal black short band which extends slightly
further down than the sutural one, the shoulders with another round
black spot ; below and the femora black, finely pubescent, the tibiz
and tarsi fulvous.
Hab. Natat, Malvern (C. Barker); DuNBRopy (Rev.
O'Neil),
Well distinguished from any other species of the genus
by the nearly rugosely punctured elytra and their mark-
ings ; in the variety a the black bands are united, forming
a broad subquadrate patch which does not quite extend
to the apex and is angulately narrowed at the base.
Cryptocephalus mashonanus, sp. 0.
Black, the basal joints of the antennze fulvous, head with a flavous
patch, thorax impunctate, black, with three flavous spots, elytra finely
punctate-striate, black, a transverse spot at the base, the sides
anteriorly, a spot below the middle and another at the apex,
flavous.
Var. Thorax with two spots only, one at each side.
Length 3 millim.
Head black, the lower portion finely rugose and opaque, the entire
upper part occupied by a large subquadrate flavous patch extending
to each eye and minutely punctured, labrum black, antennz short,
extending a little beyond the base of the elytra, black, the lower five
joints fulvous, the basal joint black above, the terminal six thickened ;
thorax more than twice as broad as long, the sides nearly straight,
obliquely narrowed anteriorly, the posterior angles moderately pro-
duced, the surface convex, entirely impunctate, black and very
shining, the sides with a semi-crescent flavous spot, the middle
with another one, narrow and lozenge-shaped, not extending to
either margin, scutellum longer than broad, black, the base with a
small fovea ; elytra finely and regularly punctate-striate, rather
opaque, with four flavous spots, one at the base near the scutellum,
another below the middle near the suture, one at the apex, of trans-
verse shape and limited by the narrow black apical margin, and the
fourth, of elongate shape at the sides and extending downwards as
far as the sutural spot, its inner margin deeply concave at the middle ;
below and the legs black, the femora strongly thickened, the proster-
num narrowly elongate, its apex truncate.
Hab, MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshail).
Afrwan Phytophagous Coleoptera. 235
I must separate this species from C. gorteria, Linn., and
one or two other similarly marked African forms on account
of the shape, number and position of the thoracic spots ;
according to Suffrian, C. gorteriz@ has four yellow spots on
the thorax and the posterior margin of the latter is deeply
serrate, of which I can see no trace in the species before
me ; the spot at the sides of the thorax is also of different
shape, and there is no trace of a spot at the anterior margin
of the thorax. The above description applies to a specimen
in my collection from Africa of which I have no detailed
locality, the variety I received from Mr. Marshall; it agrees
in everything with the type but the median yellow spot of
the thorax is absent.
Oryptocephalus barkert, sp. n.
Flavous, the antennze (the basal joints excepted) and the breast
black, thorax impunctate with four basal and two central black spots,
elytra finely punctate-striate, the suture, an angulate transverse
band before, another below the middle, the lateral and apical
margins (the basal portion excepted) and a spot on the shoulders
black.
Length 5 millim.
Head minutely and closely punctured, flavous, without impressions,
the clypeus rather deflexed, antenne extending to the middle of the
elytra, black, the basal five joints flavous, the third and fourth joint
equal, shorter than the following ones ; thorax strongly widened at
the middle and narrowed anteriorly, the lateral margins nearly
straight, the surface very convex, entirely impunctate, bright flavous
or pale fulvous, with four rather irregularly shaped black spots at the
base, often connected at the basal margin, and a smaller spot at each
side at the middle of the disc, scutelluin broadly ovate, black, with a
small fovea atthe base ; elytra slightly narrowed posteriorly, very regu-
larly and finely punctate-striate, the punctures piceous, very closely
placed, flavous, with two transverse narrow black bands, the first
placed before the middle, strongly angulate at the sides in a down-
wards direction and not extending to the lateral margins, the second
band below the middle, deeply and suddenly constricted near the
suture and joined to the lateral band which commences at the middle
of the lateral margins and extends round the apex and upwards along
the suture to the base, the shoulders also with a black spot ; below
and the legs flavous, finely pubescent, the breast and the middle
236 Mr. M. Jacoby on
of the basal abdominal segments black ; pygidium finely rugosely
punctured, flavous, with a black spot at the apex.
Hab. NaTAu, Malvern (C. Barker).
In the markings of the upper surface, this species, of
which I received three exactly similar specimens,
resembles somewhat C. polyspilus, Suff., C. pustulatus, Fab.,
and C. laciniatus, Suff., but there are many differences to
distinguish the species from either. C. polyspilus has a
black thorax and the elytral bands are ditferently shaped,
the other two named species have no lateral stripes and
the markings of the thorax are different; in one speci-
men the anterior thoracic spots are joimed to those of the
base, the markings of the under side and of the pygidium
will further assist in the recognition of the species.
Cryptocephalus liidus, sp. n.
Reddish-fulvous, the terminal joints of the antennz black, thorax.
dark red with four small black spots, impunctate, scutellum black,
elytra flavous, finely punctate-striate, the sutural and lateral margins,
the extreme base, a transverse band near the apex and a spot on the
shoulders, black.
Length 7-8 millim.
Robust and subcylindrical, the head finely and closely punctured;
pale fulvous, rather opaque, the eyes broadly emarginate, clypeus and
labrum paler fulvous, antennez rather robust, black, the lower five
joints fulvous, the second very small, the third and fourth equal, the
last six joints widened, elongate subquadrate ; thorax almost sub-
globularly transverse, the sides feebly rounded, narrowed anteriorly,
the surface not perceptibly punctured, dark red, with four small
black spots placed obliquely subquadrate, scutellum black, broad, its
apex broadly truncate, the base with a small fovea, elytra scarcely
narrowed posteriorly, rather broadly lobed at the sides below the
shoulders, flavous, finely and regularly punctate-striate, narrowly
margined with black, a transverse narrow black band near the apex,
the extreme base and a spot on the shoulders likewise black, the
under side and legs fulvous, clothed with short white pubescence ; legs
robust, the anterior tarsi broad.
Hab, MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshall).
Of this large and handsome species I received two speci-
mens from Mr, Marshall, who states that the insects were
ee ee
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 237
found ona species of Hugenia. C. inclusus, Jac., from Togo
is of nearly similar coloration but has a longer, less trans-
versely and less swollen thorax, the latter has also three
black spots placed transversely, and the elytra are nearly
uregularly punctured ; if the black colour of the elytra in
the present insect is taken for that of the ground, they may
be described as having a large flavous patch occupying
the entire anterior portion and a smaller round flavous
spot at the apex.
Cryptocephalus malvernensis, sp. 0.
Black, the basal joints of the antenne and the legs fulvous, thorax
impuncetate, elytra finely punctate-striate, the interstices finely
wrinkled, black, the sides and the apex broadly flavous, tarsi more
or less fuscous.
Length 23-3 millim.
Head finely but not very closely punctured, black, the eyes broadly
emarginate, the lower portion of the face furnished with single white
hairs, antenne rather long, black, the lower five joints flavous or
fulvous, the second and third joint shorter than the fourth, of equal
length, terminal joints slightly dilated; thorax about one half
broader than long, the sides moderately rounded, the surface very |
convex and shining, black, the posterior angles rather prominently
produced, the disc entirely impunctate, scutellum black, its apex
truncate, elytra parallel, the suture round the scutellum rather
strongly raised in shape of ridges, the disc finely punctate-striate,
the punctures of the inner disc closely placed, those near the sides
more remotely so and deeper, the interstices very minutely trans-
versely wrinkled, the black discoidal portion bounded at the sides
and apex by a broad yellow band which widens at the middle below
the shoulders, below entirely black, the legs fulvous, prosternum
oblong, longitudinally concave and finely rugose.
Hab. Nava, Malvern (C. Barker).
Not unlike our European C. Moraci and closely allied
to C. Gurra, Gestro, and of similar coloration, but the basal
joints of the antennz and the legs fulvous, the thorax
entirely black, and the elytral punctuation finer than in
that species. ‘There are three specimens before me.
Cryptocephalus varioplagiatus, sp. 0.
Flavous above, the head with one, the thorax with six black spots
238 Mr. M. Jacoby on
(the basal ones united in pairs), elytra strongly punctate-striate,
two spots below the base, one near the apex and an anterior and
posterior spot at the suture, black, below black, legs fulvous, spotted
with black.
Length 5 millim.
Head rather closely punctured, flavous, the extreme vertex black,
the base of the antenne with another black spot, labrum and palpi
fulvous, antenne longand slender, black, the lower five joints flavous,
the fifth joint much longer than the third or fourth, the terminal
two joints thinner and more elongate than the intermediate ones ;
thorax strongly narrowed anteriorly, the sides feebly rounded, the
surface entirely impunctate, flavous, all the margins narrowly black,
the base at each side with a transverse band in shape of two connected
spots, the anterior portion with another slightly oblique black spot
at each side, scutellum black, its apex rounded ; elytra regularly
and rather strongly punctate-striate, flavous, the extreme basal,
sutural and apical margins black, the suture with two black spots,
one near the middle, the other near the apex, each elytron with three
other spots, one at the shoulder of rather elongate shape, one near the
scutellum and the third at the sides, placed slightly higher than the
posterior sutural spot ; below black, the prosternum, mesosternum,
the breast near the middle and the first abdominal segment flavous,
legs fulvous, prosternum produced into an acute point at the posterior
angles.
Hab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury, Lepasi River (G4.
Marshall).
The number of the spots and their position on the
elytra separate this species from any other African Crypto-
cephalus known at present, and of which I have seen two
specimens.
Cryptocephalus pretoriensis, sp. n.
Below pale fulvous, above flavous, the vertex of the head black,
thorax with a transverse black band including three flavous spots,
elytra strongly punctate-striate, black, a transverse sinuate band at
the base, a spot on the shoulders, two others placed transversely below
the middle and a spot at the apex, flavous, legs with black stripes.
Length 4$ millim.
Head strongly but not closely punctured, flavous, the vertex and
a spot at the base of the antenne black, the former with a longitudi-
nal depression, eyes large, broadly emarginate, clypeus thickened,
flavous, labrum and palpi fulvous, antenne extending to about the
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 239
middle of the elytra, black, the lower five joints fulvous, the third
and fourth joint equal, twice as long as the third, terminal joints
slightly thickened but elongate ; thorax rather more than twice as
broad as long, the sides strongly obliquely narrowed anteriorly,
nearly straight, the surface very minutely punctured when seen
under a strong lens, the anterior and lateral margins broadly flavous,
the basal portion black, in shape of a transverse broad band which
includes three flavous round spots, a small one at each side and a
larger one at the middle, scutellum black, its apex rounded, elytra
regularly punctate-striate, more strongly punctured at the middle
than at the suture or the sides, the interstices flat and impunctate,
each elytron with five flavous spots separated by angular black
bands ; of the flavous markings, an elongate transverse deeply sinuate
band is placed at the base near the scutellum, a small spot on the
shoulder, two spots placed immediately and transversely below the
middle and the fifth at the apex ; if the flavous colour is taken for
that of the ground, the elytra may be described as having two angu-
late transverse black bands, one before, the other below the middle
and connected at the sides by a longitudinal stripe from the shoulders
downwards, elytral epipleurz flavous ; under side pale fulvous as
well as the legs, the former finely and closely punctured, the latter
more or less banded with black, finely pubescent ; base of the pro-
sternum deeply concave, the angles acutely produced, pale flavous.
Hab. PRETORIA.
The single specimen which I possess of this species may
perhaps be best compared with C. flavago, Suff., and
several others belonging to the same group having black
and flavous elytra ; ‘there is, however, no species amongst
them in which the thorax is similarly marked or in which
the elytra have five flavous spots ; the colour of the under
side and that of the legs also differs.
Cryptocephalus benuensis, sp. 0.
Fulvous, the apical joints of the antennze black, the thorax scarcely
perceptibly punctured, with a broad lateral reflexed margin, elytra
closely and strongly punctate-striate near the suture and at the
sides, the rest of the disc irregularly punctured.
Length 6 millim.
Of entirely fulvous colour, the head finely and rather closely
punctured, broad, the eyes broadly emarginate, the clypeus separ-
ated from the face by a semicircular groove, antenne extending just
beyond the base of the elytra, the lower six joints fulvous, the rest
240 Mr. M. Jacoby on
black, the fifth and following joints triangularly flattened ; thorax
very convex, scarcely twice as broad as long, the sides feebly rounded
with a pale coloured broadly reflexed margin, the basal margin finely
serrate and black, the surface with some minute punctures, only
visible under a strong lens, the scutellum ovate, pale fulvous, elytra
strongly and closely punctate-striate, the punctures closely placed
and regularly so near the suture and the lateral margins, the space
between the sixth and the next row, irregularly punctured ; below
and the legs fulvous, closely punctured, prosternum widened at the
base, the latter straight. |
Hab. NIGER-BENUE EXPED.
This Cryptocephalus is of quite different structure to
any of its African congeners, and will therefore not be
difficult of recognition, the reflexed margins of the thorax
and the partly regular partly irregular elytral punctuation
are characters rarely to be met with in species of this
genus. I only know a single specimen which I received
from Herr Bang-Haas.
Achxnops mandibularis, sp. n.
Below black, the basal joints of the antennz and the legs fulvous,
head rugosely punctured, black, mandibles large and prominent,
thorax finely punctured, black, the lateral and anterior margins and
two spots at the base, flavous, elytra finely punctate-striate, the
suture,a narrow transverse band at the base and a broader one near
the apex, black.
Length 3 millim.
Head broad and flat, black, rugosely punctured, the eyes with a
short and rather feeble emargination, the clypeus with a broad pro-
jecting subtriangular prolongation at each side, deeply excavated in
front, the mandibles broad and robust, curved, antennz short, the
terminal six joints transversely widened, black, the others flavous,
the third and fourth joint short, equal, thorax about one half broader
than long, the sides rather strongly rounded and narrowed anteriorly,
the posterior angles acutely produced, the surface minutely and closely
punctured throughout, black, the anterior margin narrowly, the
lateral ones more broadly flavous, the black portion also divided by
a narrow central flavous line and by two oblique spots of similar
colour at the base; elytra rather finely and regularly punctate-
striate, the interstices likewise finely and sparingly punctured,
flavous, a narrow sutural and a transverse band at the base not quite
extending to the latter nor to the lateral margins and another broad
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 241
band near the apex reaching the sides, black; below black, the legs
and the prosternum fulvous, the first named robust, the latter longi-
tudinally sulcate, the sides raised, the base truncate.
Hab. NATAL, Uitenhage (C. Barker).
Of this interesting little species I received a single
apparently male specimen from Mr. Barker, the short
antenne, structure of the eyes and that of the prosternum
agree best with the genus in which I have placed it.
Chewruphyle, gen. nov. (Humolpide).
Body oblong, glabrous, eyes entire, antennze filiform, the second
joint shorter and much thicker than the third, terminal joints thick-
ened ; thorax transverse, distinctly margined at the sides, the latter
rounded, scutellum broader than long, elytra irregularly punctured,
the sides transversely rugose, femora with a minute tooth, the tibiz
entire, the claws bifid ; prosternum subquadrate, broad, the anterior
margin of the thoracic episternum concave.
This genus will enter the group of Cheiridite of Lefevre’s
arrangement and has the general appearance of Chearidea,
but the lateral margin of the thorax is not serrate and the
tibize are not emarginate at the apex; Cheiridisia, Jac.,
differs in having strongly dentate femora and a pubescent
upper surface. Stratioderus, Weise, has a serrate thoracic
margin and emarginate intermediate tibia.
Cheiriphyle metallrea, sp. na.
Greenish zeneous, the basal joints of the antenne and the legs flavous
or fulvous, head and thorax extremely closely punctured, elytra more
strongly and very closely semiregularly punctured, the interstices at
the sides transversely rugose.
Length 5 millim.
Head closely punctured, the clypeus separated from the face by a
transverse depression, rugosely punctured, labrum fulvous, antennz
extending to the middle of the elytra fulvous, the terminal joints
fuscous (in some specimens, the lower joints are only fulvous at the
base of each), third and following joints elongate ; thorax nearly twice
as broad as long, of nearly equal width, the sides not much deflexed,
the basal margin but slightly produced at the middle, the lateral
margins strongly rounded, the surface very closely and irregularly
punctured, the interstices slightly rugose, scutellum transverse, im-
punctate ; elytra more strongly punctured than the thorax, the
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART III. (SEPT.) 17
242 Mr. M. Jacoby on
punctures arranged in very closely approached rows near the suture,
larger and irregularly placed near the sides, with the interstices at
that place transversely rugose, below eneous or greenish, the legs
flavous.
Hab. BAHR EL GHAZAL (Belgian Mus. and my collection).
The femora are rather strongly incrassate and their
teeth are extremely small, the rugose interstices of the sides
of the elytra is further characteristic of this genus and not
found in the allied genera.
Himerida clavareaut, sp. n.
Broadly ovate and convex, zneous or cupreous, densely spotted with
white scales, antennz black, thorax and elytra variegated with white
and fulvous scales and hairs.
Length 6 millim.
Head closely covered with white scales, antennz extending to the
base of the elytra, black, the basal joint clothed with white scales,
the following five joints short, submoniliform, shining, the terminal
joints more elongate, thickened, opaque ; thorax transverse, strongly
narrowed anteriorly, the lateral margins obsolete, the surface closely
covered with white scales and fulvous hairs, scutellum pentagonal,
similarly pubescent, elytra cupreous like the rest of the surface, the
white scales forming numerous small patches and transverse bands,
the interstices clothed with fulvous bristle-like hairs, below and the
legs similarly pubescent, the femora dentate, claws bifid.
Hab. LUITPOLDKETTE, AFRICA orient. (Belgian Mus. and
my collection).
Of this handsome species I received several specimens
from Mons. Clavareau ; the cupreous ground colour and the
numerous white elytral spots consisting of scales will dis-
tinguish the insect at first sight.
Macetes variegatus, sp. 0.
Dark neous, clothed with white pubescence, the antenne, tibize
and tarsi fulvous, thorax finely and closely punctured, with three
bands of whitish hairs, elytra of similar punctuation with transverse
bands and spots of whitish pubescence, femora dark cupreous the
anterior and posterior ones strongly dentate.
Length 5 millim.
Head finely and rather closely punctured, zneous or more or less
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. (243
cupreous, clothed with white pubescence, the clypeus deeply tri-
angularly emarginate, labrum trigonate, smooth, with a few punc-
tures at the anterior edge, eyes nearly entire, antenne fulvous, the
terminal joints thickened, the basal one stained with cupreous above,
third joint one half longer than the second one, thorax about one
half broader than long, rounded and widened at the middle, the disc
swollen, obsoletely transversely depressed anteriorly, finely and closely
punctured with lateral and a central (more or less distinct) bands of
white hairs, scutellum subpentagonal, pubescent ; elytra wider at the
base than the thorax, the shoulders angulate, the base with a very
feeble transverse depression, clothed with rather long white hairs
which form two more or less distinct transverse or ring-shaped bands
below the base and a spot near the apex, the latter also strongly
pubescent, below and the legs likewise clothed with white hairs, the
anterior and posterior femora strongly dilated and with a strong
tooth, intermediate tibize less strongly toothed, tibiz and tarsi fulvous,
claws bifid.
Hab. 8. Arrica, Dunbrody (Rev. 0’ Nert).
This species seems allied to JL. perringueyt, Lefev., but
differs in the fine and close punctuation of the thorax and
elytra, in the feeble depression of the latter, and in having
the entire tibize and tarsi of fulvous colour. In specimens
which are not rubbed, the pubescence is dense and obscures
the sculpture, and the bands or spots formed by the white
pubescence can only just be made out. I have received five
specimens from the Rev. O'Neil.
Macetes ornatupennis, sp. 0.
Below black with neous gloss, thorax with elongate punctures,
black, sparingly pubescent, elytra finely punctate-striate, purplish,
the sides with a narrow golden cupreous band; femora scarcely
visibly toothed.
Length 4 millim.
Head rather strongly and moderately closely punctured, black,
sparingly pubescent, the sides of the clypeus raised, the anterior
margin semicircularly emarginate, the antennz with the lower six
joints fulvous, the following three piceous (the last joints wanting) ;
thorax twice as broad as long, strongly narrowed anteriorly, the sides
forming an obtuse angle near the base, the disc obsoletely transversely
depressed anteriorly, black, the anterior margin metallic greenish,
the surface rather remotely impressed with elongate punctures, spar-
ingly pubescent, scutellum broad, pubescent, blackish, elytra slightly
244 Mr. M. Jacoby on
depressed below the base, rather regularly punctate-striate, the punc-
tures much stronger at the sides, the interstices finely pubescent,
purplish, the sides occupied by a golden cupreous band from the
shoulders to the apex, below and the legs nearly black, the anterior
and posterior femora widened, with a very minute tooth; prosternum
broad, claws bifid.
Hab. CAPE.
I possess a single specimen of this well-marked species
which agrees with J/acetes in everything except the nearly
unarmed femora, but as this character is often variable I
have thought it best not to remove the species from the
genus.
o
Nerissus tuberculatus, sp. n.
Greenish-black below, legs piceous, above greenish, clothed with
yellowish hairs, thorax finely rugose, the lateral margins denticulate,
elytra transversely rugose with numerous small black tubercles,
metallic greenish.
Length 8 millim.
Head elongate, greenisb-black, finely punctured, clothed with
yellow hairs, sides of the clypeus raised, its anterior margin straight,
labrum fulvous, mandibles robust, antennze extending to the middle
of the elytra, blackish, rather robust, the third joint one half longer
than the second, terminal joints twice as long as broad, thorax about
one half broader than long, transversely subquadrate, rather flattened,
the lateral margins rounded and finely denticulate, the surface closely
and strongly punctured, clothed with yellow hairs, the ground colour
greenish, submetallic, scutellum subpentagonal, pubescent, elytra of
a more decided green colour than the thorax, transversely rugose and
covered with numerous shining small tubercles, the interstices deeply
punctured and not very thickly clothed with yellow adpressed pubes-
cence, and more sparingly with stiff erect black hairs, below nearly
black, sparingly pubescent, legs piceous, the intermediate and the
posterior tibize emarginate at the apex, claws bifid.
Hab. CAMEROONS.
The single specimen I possess of this species differs from
any of its allies in the tuberculate elytra and the not very
close pubescence, the former are not very highly raised, but
very distinct, black and shining.
—————— rll
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 245
Nerissus bicoloratus, sp. n.
Black, head and thorax strongly punctured, clothed with thick
fulvous pubescence, elytra sculptured like the thorax, the disc clothed
with fulvous, the sides with white pubescence.
Length 6 millim.
Head clothed with long dark yellow pubescence, black, as well as
the labrum, antennz long and slender, black, terminal joints much
longer than broad, thorax transversely subquadrate, of the usual
shape, the sides finely serrate, the surface rather depressed, rugosely
punctured and of the same kind of pubescence as the head, seutellum
likewise covered with hairs, elytra sculptured like the thorax, the
yellow pubescence occupying the greater part of the disc, changing
from yellow to white at the sides and the apex, below and the breast
clothed with white hairs.
Hab. SENEGAL.
A typical Nerissws and well distinguished by the difter-
ently coloured pubescence of the upper surface, one a
bright dark yellow or pale fulvous, the other white. I
only know a single specimen contained in my collection.
Lefevrea semistriata, sp. n.
Below piceous, above testaceous, thorax transverse, minutely and
closely punctured, elytra closely and strongly semipunctate-striate
with three or four smooth longitudinal lines, legs fulvous.
Length 3$-4 millim.
Head broad, closely punctured at the anterior portion, the punctures
partly elongate, the vertex nearly impunctate, clypeus not separated,
its anterior edge slightly concave, labrum and mandibles fulvous,
antennee scarcely extending to the middle of the elytra, fulvous, the
terminal six joints slightly widened, second joint about one half
shorter than the third, the latter and the following two joints equal ;
thorax twice as broad as long, slightly widened at the middle, the
sides rather strongly rounded, the angles in shape of a small tooth,
the surface very minutely and closely punctured, the punctures
shallow and of somewhat oblong shape, scutellum impunctate, elytra
much more strongly punctured than the thorax, the punctuation
arranged in closely approached rows but getting obsolete near the
apex and interrupted by four more or less distinct smooth longi-
tudinal lines which assume the shape of cost near the sides ; below
piceous, legs fulvous, the tibize entire, the first joint of the posterior
tarsi as long as the following two joints, the third deeply and
246. Mr. M. Jacoby on
elongately bilobed, claws appendiculate, the anterior margin of the
thoracic episternum concave.
ITab, MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshall).
Closely allied to Z. brunnea, Jac., but larger, the antennee
shorter, the thorax more finely punctured and the elytra
with longitudinal narrow smooth spaces which are absent
in the allied species. I have received three specimens from
Mr. Marshall.
Lefevrea thoracica, sp. n.
Fulvous, glabrous, thorax extremely closely and finely punctured,
the interstices reticulate, elytra paler and shining, finely punctate-
striate.
Length 2 millim.
Head impressed at the anterior portion with very closely placed
shallow, round punctures, the interstices of which are reticulate, the
clypeus not separated, its anterior edge straight, antenne extending
to about the middle of the elytra, flavous, the second joint about
a third shorter than the following ones, terminal joints slightly
thickened, elongate, thorax rather more than twice as broad as long,
the sides rounded, with a narrow margin, the angles rather obtuse,
the surface sculptured entirely like that of the head, scutellum
triangular, impunctate, elytra wider at the base than the thorax,
paler and more shining, subcylindrical, regularly punctate-striate,
each elytron with about 14 or 15 rows of punctures, finer but distinct
_ to the apex ; below dark fulvous, the legs flavous, femora unarmed,
tibize entire, claws appendiculate ; prosternum narrowed between the
COXe.
Hab, MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshail).
Smaller than Z. brunnea, Jac., from the same locality
and distinguished by the sculpturing of the head and
thorax which consists of shallow, round punctures crowded
together with the interstices finely reticulate.
Pseudomalegia tibialis, sp. n.
Black, the tibiee fulvous, above zneous, the thorax brassy, finely
alutaceous, elytra more distinctly punctured in extremely closely
placed rows, finely pubescent, tarsi black, the antenne with the
second and third joint fulvous.
Length 23 millim.
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 24:7
Head obscure zeneous, not distinctly punctured, the pubescence
obscuring any sculpturing, the clypeus not separated from the face,
antennee extending to about the middle of the elytra, black, the
second and third joint more or less fulvous, the second thickened,
shorter than the third, the terminal joints slightly thickened ; thorax
subcylindrical, the sides rounded at the middle, constricted anteriorly
and posteriorly, the surface sculptured like that of the head, fur-
nished with very short golden pubescence ; elytra dark zeneous, closely
and distinctly punctured, the punctures arranged in very closely
approached rows and clothed with thin grey pubescence, below and
the femora blackish, the tibiz entire, fulvous, the tarsi black, claws
bifid.
Hab. CAPE Cotony, Dunbrody (Rev. 0 Netl).
Of this little species I received a single specimen, it
agrees with the other species of the genus in the entire
tibize and general shape but differs in sculpturing and in
the colour of the legs.
Mashonania, gen. n.
Body elongate, pubescent above, eyes entire, antennee filiform, the
second joint scarcely shorter than the third, thorax transverse, the
lateral margins distinct, scutellum subpentagonal, elytra irregularly
punctured, legs slender, the femora moderately thickened, tibize not
emarginate at the apex, the claws bifid, prosternum narrow between
the coxe, the anterior margin of the thoracic episternum concave.
The affinities of this genus seem to be partly those of
the Leprotites and those of the Psewdocolaspites, the shape
and the general pubescent upper surface agree with the
first-named group, but the thorax has distinct lateral
margins; the entire tibize and bifid claws agree with the
Pseudocolaspites, but the prosternum is narrow and the
general appearance of the insect different; this latter
agrees better with Malegia or Habrophora and Lefevrea,
from the last-named genus, the different shape of the
thorax and the pubescent upper surface separates the
genus.
Mashonania brunnea, sp. 0.
Pale fulvous above, below black, antennze and legs fulvous, upper
surface closely covered with silky yellowish hairs, elytra minutely
and closely punctured.
Length 3} millim,
248 Mr. M. Jacoby on
Head broad, the clypeus not defined, closely and strongly punc-
tured, the rest of the surface closely pubescent, apex of the clypeus
straight, palpi slender, flavous, antennz extending to about the
middle of the elytra, slender, the basal three joints of nearly equal
length, the following longer, the terminal ones slightly thickened,
thorax twice and a half as broad as long, the sides rounded, slightly
narrowed anteriorly, the basal margin oblique, slightly produced
at the middle, the surface closely covered with grey pubescence,
obscuring the sculpturing, scutellum similarly pubescent, elytra not
wider at the base than the thorax, elongate and rather pointed at the
apex, finely and closely punctured, the puncturing nearly invisible
on account of the yellowish-grey pubescence ; the breast and abdomen
blackish, sparingly covered with hairs.
Hab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshall).
Mashonania nigrita, sp. n.
Black, pubescent, the antennze fulvous, the upper joints fuscous,
thorax transverse, finely coriaceous, clothed with white pubescence,
elytra finely semipunctate-striate, pubescent like the thorax, femora
with a tooth,
Length 3 millim.
Of entirely black colour, the’ head finely coriaceous, opaque, the
eyes large, entire, the clypeus not separated from the face, its sides
raised in shape of a ridge, labrum fulvous, the terminal joints of the
palpi piceous, antenne slender, the third and fourth joint equal,
longer than the second, fourth and following joints more elongate,
not thickened ; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides rounded, the
angles not produced but distinct, the disc entirely coriaceous or
finely rugose and clothed like the head with fine white pubescence,
scutellum subquadrate, pubescent, elytra with closely approached
rows of fine punctures, opaque, pubescent like the other parts,
femora rather thickened, with a distinct tooth.
Hab. Nata, Malvern (C. Barker).
The single specimen kindly sent by Mr. Barker agrees
entirely with the other species except in the dentate
femora, but this character may possibly be peculiar only to
the male sex as is sometimes the case; the whole insect
is of black and opaque coloration with the exception of
the labrum and the antenne.
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 249
Rhembastus semrbrunneus, sp. n.
Fulvous with eneous gloss, the antenne and legs paler, head and
thorax closely punctured, the latter crowded with round, nearly
confluent punctures, elytra fulvous with eneous gloss, closely
punetate-striate, the interstices longitudinally costate, the lateral
margins dark eneous.
Length 3 millim.
Of subelongate shape, fulvous with a slight seneous gloss, the head
strongly rugose at the vertex the punctures confluent, the clypeus
less strongly but very closely punctured, its anterior margin slightly
concave, eyes surrounded by a narrow sulcus, antennz of moderate
length, entirely pale fulvous, the second joint quite as long, if not
longer than the third one, the terminal five joints thickened ; thorax
more than twice as broad as long, the sides rather strongly rounded
at the middle, the angles distinct, the surface crowded with deep
round punctures extending to all the margins, with a faint metallic
greenish gloss, the lateral margins darker, scutellum impunctate,
elytra of a more pronounced fulvous colour with a faint metallic
hue, finely and regularly punctate-striate, the interstices at the sides
longitudinally costate, the punctures at the same place larger and
deeper, the lateral margins dark greenish eneous, legs fulvous,
the femora with a very minute tooth ; the prosternum elongate,
narrowed at the middle, strongly rugose ; claws deeply bifid.
Hab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshall).
Of this species Mr. Marshall has sent three specimens,
they differ from any of their allies in the rugosely punc-
tured head and thorax in connection with the costate
and semifulvous elytra. Lefevre has described a species,
Syagrus rugiceps (Descript. new spec. Trans. 8. Afric. Philo-
soph. Soc. 1890), which seems to agree with the present
insect in colour and sculpturing (to judge from a five-line
description), but his species is of double the size and of
different coloration.
ft. puncticollis, Har.,seems another closely allied species
but is described as “cupreo-zeneus,” with reddish-piceous
antenne and legs, and no mention is made of the costate
lateral interstices of the elytra, nor is a certain deter-
mination of such closely allied species possible when such
short and unsatisfactory descriptions are given.
Lthembastus inermis, sp. 0.
Pale fulvous with a slight zneous gloss, apical joints of the
280° Mr. M. Jacoby on
antennze fuscous, thorax closely punctured, elytra strongly punctate-
striate, the punctures often doubled, the interstices convex, femora
unarmed.
Length 4-5 millim.
Of rather elongate shape, the head finely and not very closely
punctured, the clypeus not or scarcely separated from the face,
transverse, similarly punctured as the head, antennz extending to
the middle of the elytra, fulvous, the terminal four joints fuscous,
second joint as long as the following ones, basal joint short and
thick, thorax nearly twice as broad as long, the sides but slightly
deflexed, feebly rounded, with a narrow margin, the surface slightly
more strongly punctured than the head, the sides more closely
so than the disc, the punctures of slightly oblong shape, scutellum
oblong, impunctate ; elytra subcylindrical, generally of paler
coloration than the thorax, the punctuation scarcely stronger than
that of the thorax, arranged in somewhat irregular rows, often
geminately, the interstices, especially at the sides longitudinally
costate, the punctuation distinct to the apex; below rather darker,
the femora without a tooth, the posterior tibize deeply emarginate at
the apex, claws bifid.
Hab. ZAMBI (Belgian Mus. and my collection).
This species agrees in every respect with Lhembastus
except in the unarmed femora which even under a strong
lens show no sign of a tooth, but as this character is not
always to be depended on it would not be wise to separate
the insect generically; the female is much larger and
broader and the upper surface is frequently more geneous in
colour than fulvous, but the apex of the elytra is in all the
specimens before me paler than the rest of the surface ;
the species is principally distinguished by the irregular
punctures forming the elytral striz and by the unarmed
femora, the prosternum is broad but scarcely sulcate at
the sides.
Lthembastus mashonainus, sp. n.
Dark piceous with neous lustre, the basal joints of the antennze
fulvous, head and thorax closely and rather strongly punctured,
elytra punctured in irregular rows, the punctures often double,
nearly indistinct near the apex, femora unarmed.
Length 4 millim.
Of elongate, subcylindrical shape, the head very closely and
rather strongly punctured, the punctures confluent at the clypeus,
the latter not separated from the face, its anterior edge straight,
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 251
obscure fulvous, palpi pale fulvous, eyes not surrounded by a sulcus,
antenne slender, extending below the middle of the elytra, black,
the lower three or four joints fulvous, the second joint nearly as long
as the third, but thicker, the fourth to the seventh joint fulvous at
the apex, the terminal ones distinctly thicker, thorax transversely
subquadrate, twice as broad as long, the sides nearly straight, the
anterior angles slightly prominent, the surface closely impressed
with deep, round punctures, which extend to all the margins,
scutellum elongate, impunctate, its apex pointed, elytra strongly and
irregularly punctate-striate, the punctures frequently double espect-
ally so anteriorly, the interstices also with some very fine punctures
but not raised ; below and the legs dark piceous, the tarsi rather
lighter ; prosternum oblong, distinctly punctured, slightly longi-
tudinally sulcate at the sides.
Hab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshall).
Colasposoma curvipes, sp. Nn.
Dark seneous, very shining, head and thorax finely and closely
punctured, elytra as closely but more strongly punctured than the
thorax, the interstices at the sides finely transversely rugose, anterior
tibiee curved.
Mas. Thorax strongly transverse, widened at the sides, elytra with _
a feeble lateral depression, anterior femora dentate, their tibice
strongly curved.
Length 5-6 millim.
Mas. Head finely and somewhat closely punctured, with a feeble
central groove, the clypeus rather obsoletely separated from the face,
the sutures stained with cupreous, antennse extending below the
middle of the elytra, black, the lower two or three joints fulvous,
the basal joint more or less stained with seneous, thorax about three
times broader than long, narrowed at the middle, the anterior
margin strongly concave, the sides strongly rounded, widest at the
base, the dise convex, finely and closely punctured, the sides finely
transversely strigose (more distinctly so in the female), scutellum
twice as broad as long, with a few punctures, elytra rather short,
feebly depressed below the base, closely and more strongly punctured
than the thorax, the punctures unevenly arranged in rows near the
suture, the sides more irregularly punctate and finely transversely
rugose ; the penis strongly curved, the apex produced into a long
and pointed end.
Hab. Ikuta, AFRICA or.
Of this distinct species I received several specimens
252 Mr. M. Jacoby on
from the Belgian Museum. The insects may perhaps
best be compared to C. laticolle, Lefev., on account of the
laterally broadened thorax, but the entire colour is dark
bronze or eeneous and the sculpturing of the upper surface
is quite different, the same parts are also very shining and
not subopaque, the colour of the legs does not differ from
that of the body and the anterior femora are armed with
a distinct tooth; the penis of C. latzcolle is not produced
into a long point but is suddenly constricted at the apex
into a short tooth.
Corynodes auripes, sp. N.
Greenish-blue, head and thorax minutely punctured, very shining,
elytra subopaque, finely punctured in irregular rather distant rows,
legs metallic greenish-cupreous, claws appendiculate.
Length 12 millim.
Head finely punctured, very convex, the supra ocular sulci very
broad and deep, impunctate, clypeus separated by deep grooves,
wedge-shaped, closely and not very strongly punctured and finely
pubescent, labrum greenish, mandibles black, antennz not extending
to the middle of the elytra, the lower five joints cupreous, the rest
dark purplish, very broadly dilated, thorax subcylindrical, rather
long, the lateral margins straight, the disc very closely and finely
punctured intermixed with numerous larger punctures, the surface
of a brassy greenish tint, much more shining than the elytra, the
latter greenish-blue, with double or treble very irregular rows of fine
punctures, the interstices aciculate, the breast and the legs metallic
green, the tibize and tarsi more or less cupreous, abdomen dark blue,
closely punctured ; the penis is short end strongly curved, the apex
strongly rounded and rather suddenly pointed, the upper cavity
short and broad.
Hab. Bist, Bahr el Gazal (Coll. Belgian Mus. and my
own).
I know of no African Corynodes of similar coloration im
connection with the elytral sculpture.
Corynodes varicolor, sp. n.
Obscure cupreous, violaceous or blue, the head sparingly punctured,
the thorax elongate, scarcely perceptibly punctured, elytra rather
finely, closely and regularly punctured, the punctures more closely
and irregularly placed near the apex, claws appendiculate.
Length 10 millim.
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 253
Elongate and nearly parallel, the head very strongly convex at the
vertex, the latter sparingly punctured, the clypeus bounded at the
separation from the face above by two deep oblong fovea which are
divided by a narrow central ridge, antennz extending beyond the
base of the thorax, the last five joints very strongly widened and
flattened, black or purplish; thorax conical, elongate, narrowed
anteriorly, the sides straight, very strongly deflexed, the surface
extremely minutely and irregularly punctured, very shining ; elytra
subcylindrical, punctured in closely approached irregular rows ;
below nearly impunctate, the sides of the thorax extremely finely
strigose.
Hab. DAHomEY, Porto Novo.
I must separate this species from any of its African
congeners on account of the sculpturing of the thorax and
that of the elytra, which is less closely placed and more
regular than in C. compressicornis, Fab. This insect is also
of different coloration, the thorax is shorter and broader,
and the claws are bifid. C. dejeani, Berth., has a strongly
punctured thorax and semi-rugose elytra; there are speci-
mens of the present insect before me of blue, violet and
semicupreous colour, in the larger probably female insect,
the elytral puncturing is very close and fine, and the
interstices are often finely aciculate.
Anomomera, Fairm. (Ann. Fr. 1887).
I cannot find any differences to separate this genus from
Centroscelis, in which the tibiz are likewise widened into
a tooth at the apex. Fairmaire compares his genus with
Gomoctena only, but not with the first-named genus, and
the dilated posterior femora and the structure of the claws
are likewise to be found in Centroscelis ; as to the shape of
the prosternum and the state of the cavities, or the smooth
or pubescent elytral epipleurz, the author leaves us in
ignorance.
Chrysomela transvalense, sp. n.
Dark neous, subopaque, the antenne and the under side and
legs nearly black, thorax finely and sparingly punctured, more
closely so at the sides, elytra much more strongly and irregularly
punctate, the space near the lateral margins impunctate.
Length 6 millim.
254 Mr. M. Jacoby on
Head minutely granulate and extremely finely and remotely
punctured when seen under a very strong lens, the clypeus separated
by a deep semicircular groove, antennz black, short, the basal joint
very robust, nearly subquadrate, the second short, the third longer
than the fourth joint, the terminal five thickened, the apical joint
ovately pointed ; thorax about twice and a half broader than long,
the sides nearly straight, slightly rounded and narrowed towards the
apex, all the angles distinct but not acute, the surface finely and
remotely punctured, intermixed with some still smaller punctuation,
the latter more closely placed but scarcely stronger at the sides than
at the middle, scutellum small ; elytra widened towards the middle,
very convex, much more strongly punctured than the thorax, the
punctures irregularly and not closely placed, the suture unaccom-
panied by an impressed line, the interstices very minutely granulate,
without smaller punctures, the space near the lateral margins rather
broadly impunctate, the latter itself accompanied by a row of deep
punctures ; epipleure very broad and smooth, impunctate and non-
pubescent ; prosternum very narrow with a central raised ridge,
claws simple.
Hab. TRANSVAAL.
I find it quite impossible to determine with any degree
of certainty the unicolorous zeneous species of this genus
described, or rather diagnosed, by Vogel in his monograph ;
the differences he points out in his species are so vague
and unsatisfactory, and apply only partially to any species,
and all details so necessary are withheld, that it seems to
me to be better to ignore all those of his species which are
mentioned in this way. I cannot refer the present insect
to any of that author's species, since the punctuation of
the thorax and that of the elytra do not agree, as far as
I am able to judge; the ridge of the prosternum seems
another distinguishing character of the present insect,
which may possibly be Vogel’s C. natalensis, although the
lateral portions of the elytra near the margins are not
raised as the author gives it.
Polysticta conflwens, Gerst. var. marshalli, sp. n.
Reddish fulvous, the terminal joints of the antenne, the sides of
the breast and the legs black, thorax variolose-punctate at the sides
only, with four small black spots, elytra finely punctate-striate, the
interstices minutely punctured,
Var. Thorax without spots.
Length 8 millim.
African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 255
Head with a few minute punctures, the clypeus distinctly separated
by oblique grooves, palpi black, the last joint scarcely shorter than
the preceding one, antennz short, extending to the base of the thorax
only, black, the lower two joints flavous, terminal joints strongly
transverse ; thorax three times broader than long, the sides straight,
rounded anteriorly, the anterior margin deeply concave below the
eyes, nearly straight at the middle, the disc very minutely and rather
sparingly punctured, variolose-punctate near the lateral margins, of
a pale brick-red colour, with four round black spots of which two
small ones are placed at the middle near the base and the others
rather larger a little higher near the sides, scutellum deep black,
impunctate, elytra rather finely punctate-striate, the punctures not
very regularly placed, below coloured like the upper side, the breast
at the sides and the legs black, claws simple, the anterior coxal
cavities open.
Hab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury (G. Marshall).
Mr. Marshall has sent two specimens of this interesting
variety which he took in company with the normal form.
Chrysomela salisburiensis, sp. n.
Metallic zneous below, the basal joints of the antennez flavous,
thorax metallic green, the sides with a large cupreous patch, deeply
depressed and confluently punctured, elytra reddish cupreous, with
five metallic green narrow bands, the latter limited by rows of fine
punctures, the interstices impunctate.
Length 7 millim.
Hab. MASHONALAND, Salisbury ; in swamp (G4. Marshall).
I am obliged to separate this species from C. americana,
L., to which insect it is otherwise closely allied, for several
reasons, the sculpturing of the thorax, that of the elytra
and the structure of the male organ is quite different; in
C. americana the lateral margins of the thorax are scarcely
raised, and the punctures preceding them are well separ-
ated and distinct; in the present insect, on the contrary,
the margins are strongly raised, and preceded by a broad
and flattened depression, within which the punctures are
so crowded (in the male insect) as to be almost indistinct ;
this is not so much the case in the female, but more
marked also here than in the allied species, the punctua-
tion of the elytra is not deep and regular, but fine, and
the rows of punctures are not anything so regularly placed
256 Mr. M. Jacoby on African Phytophagous Coleoptera.
as in C.americana ; lastly, the penis is much more strongly
curved and broader, but agrees in general structure except
at the apex, which at the sides is turned downwards into
a triangular widening near the point. -
Specimens from Abyssinia in my collection are larger,
but the sculpturing of the thorax and that of the elytra
are similar, except that the interstices between the narrow
green bands are finely but distinctly punctured ; whether
this is again another closely allied form, or only a local
aberration, the examination of the penis will probably
decide, but I have only female specimens for examination.
Lastly, Fairmaire has described a C. interversa from Kaili-
mandjaro, which he says differs from C. americana in the
reversion of the elytral coloured bands, but his description
is quite unintelligible in regard to these bands, as he
speaks of a sutural,a 4th, 5th, and 7th band (meaning,
I suppose, the narrow purplish stripes which are limited
by punctures, but of which each elytron only has five).
I possess a specimen lkewise from Kilimandjaro which
answers partly Fairmaire’s description, but as the author
says nothing of the sculpture of the thorax, or other
details, his species must remain obscure. My specimen,
from the same locality, agrees in the main points with
C. americana, but as it is a female one cannot come to a
settled conclusion as to its identity. Of C. salisburiensis
there are three specimens before me which agree very
nearly in the details pointed out above.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
F . Cryptocephalus lividus.
r varioplagiatus.
3 barker.
2
3.
4. Miopristis hirta.
5 varupes.
6
a melanocephalus.
igs.
7. Camptolenes brevitarsis.
8. Diapromorpha tigrina.
9. Peploptera curvilinea.
10. Diapromorpha terminata.
11. Gyriodera sublexvicollis.
12. Himerida clavareaw.
( 257 )
XII. A Revision of the American Notodontide,
By WILLIAM SCHAUS, F.Z.S.
[Read June 5th, 1901.]
PLATES XI and XII.
In the present revision of American Wotodontidx I have
omitted the Melalophidxe as separated by Mr. Dyar, and
hope on some future occasion to give this sub-group my
attention. Besides the types in the British Museum and
at Oxford, I have been able to examine the types figured
by Felder, those described by Mr. Dognin, and very nearly
all described by Mr. Herbert Druce. I have not referred to
Heterocampa mariwa, Dogn., H. nea, Druce, and H. volana,
Druce, which are Noctuide, and likewise a number of
species included in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, and
Kirby’s catalogue under the Notodontidx, as they belong
to other families. The types of a number of Walker's
species described from the Fry collection are lost, and so
far as I am able to identify them from the description,
they belong to other groups. Peroma anomala, Sureta
tripars, Sanega orcus. and Sidana bifascies may all refer to
species of Hemiceras. Burmeister in his Atlas, Pl. xxi.
fig. 2, figures the larva of an Anurocampa camelinordes =
A. canovaria, Walk. and fig. 3, A. vomaxz, which he
believes to be A. melanostigma, Walk. Walker described
a Naprepa camelinerdes, and the figure may refer to this
species, but A. canovaria, Walk., is evidently a species of
Hydrias, and A. melanostigma a species of Titya, so fig. 3
no doubt refers to a new species, or it may eventually
prove to be Naprepa elongata, Schs. I have not always
given the synonymy of the North American species, as
they have been so admirably worked out by Professor
Packard. At Rennes I have examined Guenée’s types
of the genus Hemiceras, and have carefully compared
specimens of all the species in my collection. I have not
seen Moschler’s types, but his descriptions are all that
could be desired,
TRANS. ENT, SOC, LOND, 1901.—PART Il. (SEPT.) 18
258 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Key to the Genera.
A, Vein 5 on secondaries present.
a. Inner margin of primaries without tuft of scales.
a. Areole present.
a?, Vein 5 on primaries from upper angle of cell.
a’, Veins 8-10 stalked .
b*. Veins 7-8 stalked.
a‘. Apex of primaries truncated .
b4, Apex of primaries not truncated
c?, Veins 7-8 not stalked :
b?, Vein 5 on primaries from below specs ase
of cell, or from middle of discocellular.
a*. Veins 6 and 7 from upper angle of cell
b%. Vein 6 only from upper angle of cell, or from
areole near cell.
a*, Veins 7-10 stalked.
a. Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries stalked
b®. Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries from a point
b*. Veins 8-10 stalked
a, Outer margin of primaries crenulate
b’. Outer margin of primaries not crenulate.
a’, Veins 6 and 7 on secondaries from
a point . :
Lb’. Veins 6 and 7 on eee sind hell
a’, Palpi with third joint as iw: as
second ,
b’. Palpi with third oer very sie :
ct, Veins 7-8 stalked.
a. ee margin of primaries oblique.
. Anal tuft hairy .
08 Anal tuft distinctly peeceaitans!
b°. Outer margin hardly oblique. ‘
a®, Vein 8 on secondaries diverging from
7 at middle of cell
on Vein 8 on secondaries diverging rm om
7 at end of cell.
a’, Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries apart
b7, Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries from
a point .
d*, Veins 7-8 not stalked.
a, Antenne fasciculate.
a’, Primaries crenulate.
a’, Palpi with third joint long.
a’, Veins 6-7 on secondaries stalked
Calledema.
Drastoma.
Pronerice.
Tagela.
Strophocerus.
Antiora.
Anurocampa.
Nadata.
Cargida.
Minara.
Nerice.
Nystalea.
Pentobesa.
Heorta.
Theroa.
Euhyparpaz.
Bardaxima.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 25
b8. Veins 6-7 on secondaries not
stalked :
7, Palpi with third joint seat
eA No frontal tuft.
a. Outer margin of primaries not
angled . ,
b°. Outer margin of opaAen
angled . .
68. A high frontal tuft .
bS. Primaries not crenulate.
a’, Palpi with third joint short.
a’, A long tuft of hairs at base of
antenne .
. A raised tuft on Ha
8. Head without raised tuft.
Ce Veins 3-4 on secondariesstalked
b®. Veins 3-4 on secondaries not
stalked.
a, Abdomen with fan shape
anal tuft
61°, Abdomen without fan ieee
anal tuft.
al, Fore legs smooth
b41, Fore legs hairy .
cl?, Abdomen with
spatulate scales
b’. Palpi with third joint long.
a’, Wings broad
b8. Wings narrow.
a®. Head with raised tuft
6°, Head without raised tuft.
a, Apex of primaries rounded
51°, Apex of primaries acute
somewhat falcate
b§, Antenne pectinated to tips.
a®, Veins 3-4 on secondaries apart
b§. Veins 3-4 on secondaries from a
point
ce’, Antenne pectinated, but “ " jas
a®, Head with a raised tuft.
a, Palpi with 3rd joint long
b’. Palpi with 3rd joint short
b°, Head without a raised tuft.
a’, Veins 7-8 on primaries short.
tiite “ol
Phedosia.
Elymiotis.
Ctianopha.
Proelymiotis.
Lysana.
Pseudantiora.
Cottobara.
Marthula.
Antiopha.
Hragisa.
Crinodes.
Poresta.
Lepasta.
Tachuda.
Contrebia.
Hyparpax.
Kalkoma.
Didugua.
Dasylophia,
260 Mr. W. Schaus’s
a®. Vein 8 on secondaries diverging
from 7 at end of cell .
b§. Vein 8 on secondaries diverging
from 7 before end of cell
b’. Veins 7-8 on primaries long.
a’. Vein 8 on secondaries close to 7 to
end of cell Fo
b§. Vein 8 on secondaries Pete
from 7 at middle of cell.
a®, Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries
apart i:
. Veins 3 and 4 on smote Rawlie
from a point .
c3, Vein 6 from end or near end of areole.
a‘, Veins 7-10 stalked.
a°. Palpi with 3rd joint long
b°, Palpi with 3rd joint short .
bt. Veins 7-8 stalked.
a’. Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries close
together.
a’. Areole long
b®, Areole short.
a’, Antenne pectinated to tips .
b’. Antenne pectinated but not to tips
b°, Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries apart.
a°, Wings long and narrow .
b§. Wings short and broad
ae ie 7 and 8 not stalked.
5. Wings long and narrow .
" Wings short and broad .
d’, Vein 6 from about centre of areole or at
base of areole when originating beyond cell.
a‘. Veins 8-10 stalked
bt. Veins 7-8 stalked
c*, Veins 7 and 8 not stalked.
a°®. Antenne pectinated to tips.
a°. Areole short .
b®. Areole long :
b®. Antennee pectinated but ee | a
a®. Fore legs with broad curved tufts
b®. Fore legs hairy.
qa. Vein 8 on secondaries close to 7 to
end or near end of cell.
a’. Head tufted.
Foarigia.
Pesudodryas.
Eustema.
Tecmessa.
Psorocampa.
Hippia.
Symmerista.
Arhacia.
Cerura.
Betola.
Lirimiris.
Gopha.
Naduwna.
Paulwma.
Drugera.
Hardingia.
Eucerwra.
Salluea.
Skaphita.
Revision of the American Notodontide.
a?. Wings narrow, outer margin
oblique er ioe
. Wings broader, iligr margin
more rounded
b8. Head hairy, no tuft.
a. Wings short and broad .
b®. Wings long and narrow.
a9, Areole originating beyond
eell .
b', Areole originating pear
end of cell.
wv, Vein 5 from middle of
discocellular
bY. Vein 5 from near upper
angle of cell
b7. Vein 8 on secondaries diverging
from 7 at middle of cell.
a’. Apex of secondaries obtuse
b8. Apex of secondaries rounded.
a®. Costal margin of secondaries
below not very hairy.
a, Apex of primaries very
acute ee
b10, Apex of primaries mee very
acute
b*. Costal margin of se aeadicles
below with long hairs and
thick tufts
c5, Antennee fasciculate.
a®, Fascicles long on basal half.
b’. Fascicles short on basal half.
a’, Vein 8 close to 7 to end of cell.
a’, Outer margin of primaries
oblique.
a®, Outer margin crenulate,
w°, Palpi with 3rd joint short .
b1°, Palpi with 3rd joint long .
b®. Outer margin not crenulate.
a°, Veins 3 and 40n secondaries
apart
bY, Veins 3 and 4on stedlaus ies
from a point.
a, Costal margin of second-
aries straight at base.
261
Dicentria.
Schizura.
Litodonta.
Psilacron.
Misogada.
Notoplusia.
Dognina.
Ichthyosoma.
Heterocampa.
Malocampa.
Magava.
Rhuda.
Gisara.
Boriza.
262 Mr. W. Schaus’s
a#, Apex acute 1 . . . Blera.
b2, Apex rounded . . . Chadisra.
b4, Costal margin of second-
aries convex on basal
half.
a2, Abdomen with long
anal tuft =. . +. . Rimcodes.
b12, Abdomen without long
anal tuft. . . . . Talmenia.
b8. Outer margin of primaries
rounded.
a®. Outer margin crenulate . . Ophitis.
b*. Outer margin not crenulate.
a, Legs and palpi very hairy. Meragisa.
610, Legs and palpi not very
hairy’ 93 4. Phastia.
b’. Vein 8 diverging frien 7 at aida
of cell.
a’. Outer margin of primaries
angled.
a®, Outer ek. concave below
apex! 4), ‘ Huxoga.
. Outer margin concave tate
WONG WL Li . Goaxis.
b8. Outer margin of primaries ‘ict
angled.
a’. Inner angle of ae much
rounded.) .-T. . . Maschane.
b®. Inner angle of primaries not
rounded: j 0.0. 20% a. Giferoae
b1. Areole absent.
a*, Veins 6-10, or 7-10 stalked.
a. Vein 10 from beyond 7.
a*, Veins 3and 4 on secondaries close together.
- Veith 8 free a) 0 hos ; co eaipeloae
. Vein 8 connected ey a 2 middle of
eglleby's bat 9 4 "Ree een 8 os ober
b+. Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries apart.
a Palplong: (Se ee Oe gee
b, Palpremall 2... 2 eo. sk 2 Gp
b®, Vein 10 from before 7.
a‘, Vein 6 on primaries at some distance from
cell.
a, Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries apart. . Nagidusa.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 263
b>, Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries from a
point.
a®, Antennee pectinated to tips.
b°, Antenne not pectinated to tips
bt. Vein 6 on primaries at or close to angle
of cell.
a, Antenne pectinated to tips.
a®, Veins 6-7 on secondarieson long stalk
b®. Veins 6-7 on secondarieson short stalk
b®. Antenne not pectinated to tips.
a®, Long tufts of hairs at base of antennze
b°. No tufts of hairs at base of antennce
b?. Veins 6-9 stalked Sly ee ga
b. Inner margin of primaries with tuft of scales.
a, Primaries with areole.
a*, Vein 5 from upper angle of cell.
a’, Inner margin excised and deeply lobed.
a‘, Outer margin of primaries angled
b*. Outer margin of primaries rounded
b?. Inner margin of primaries rounded
b?. Vein 5 from below angle of cell.
a®, Outer margin crenulate.
a‘. Veins 7-8 stalked
b4. Veins 8-10 stalked.
a. Vein 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
b°. Vein 8 diverging at middle of cell
ce’, Veins 8-10 not stalked
b®. Outer margin not crenulate
b1. Areole absent.
a. Veins 6-10 stalked.
a®, Antenne shortly pectinated ..
b°. Antenn simple . }
b?. Veins 7-10 stalked .
B. Vein 5 on secondaries absent.
a. Areole present.
a, Antenne pectinated to tips .
b'. Antenne not pectinated to tips.
aw, Vein 8 diverging from 7 at middle of cell .
b?. Vein 8 diverging at base of cell.
b. Areole absent.
a, Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries apart
b'. Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries from a point.
a*, Antenne of ¢ pectinated on basal half .
b?, Antennze not pectinated.
Elida.
Macrurocampa.
Harpyia.
Notela.
EHuharpyia.
Ewnotela.
EHunystalea.
Pontala.
Apela.
Dylomia.
Naprepa.
Lophopteryx.
Herbertina.
Odontosia.
Hypereschra.
Notodonta.
Lophodonta.
Pheosia.
Goacanypa.
Kurtia.
Anita
Colax.
Hemiceras.
264 Mr. W. Schaus’s
a’, Antenne nodose at base. . . . . Hapigia.
b®. Antenne not nodose at base.
a4, Palpi with 3rd joint short . . . COhliara.
b¢. Palpi with 3rd jointlong. . . . Antea.
c?, Antennee pectinated to tips.
a®, Inner margin of primaries excised . Pseudhapigia.
b°, Inner margin of primaries straight . Canodia.
CALLEDEMA.
Calledema, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 65 (1878). *
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi porrect, long, especially the second
joint. Primaries: apex acute, slightly falcate ; outer margin much
rounded to vein 4, then oblique to inner margin ; vein 5 from upper
angle of cell; veins 8-10 stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from
a point ; 6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type. C. marmorea, Butl.
Marmorea, Butl., 1. c. (1878).
Sodalis, Butl., 1. c., p. 66, t. 3, f. 7 (1878).
Plusia, Feld. (Nystalea), Reise Nov., t. xevu, f. 7 (1874).
Plustoides, Feld. (Nystalea), |. c., f. 4 (1874).
Jocasta, Schs., sp. Nov.
Calledema jocasta, sp. nov.
Primaries olivaceous-grey, with transverse wavy white striz ; an
indistinct, geminate, basal reddish line; a dark line from the costa at
a third from the base, through the cell and between veins 4 and 5 to
the outer margin ; this line is reddish-brown on costa, otherwise black ;
a reddish-brown spot below the median vein at vein 2 ; a large quad-
rate, reddish-brown spot on costa at two-thirds from the base. Second-
aries brownish-grey.
Expanse 41 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO.
Drastoma, gen. nov.
Female. Antenne serrate. Palpi short. Primaries slightly con-
vex at base of costa; apex truncated ; outer margin angled between
veins 5 and 6, then rounded to inner margin; vein 5 from upper
angle of cell; 6 from near end of areole; veins 7 and 8 stalked ; 10
Revision of the American Notodontide. 265
from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and
7 on short stalk.
Type. D. dardania, Druce.
Dardania, Druce (Tifama ?), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) xv, p. 49 (1895). Biol. Centr.-Amer. Lep. Het., t.
xei, f. 17. .
Pronerice, gen. nov.
Palpi extending well beyond head ; first and second joints long ;
third joint shorter. Primaries long and broad ; costa slightly con-
vex ; outer margin rounded ; inner margin straight ; vein 5 from
upper angle of cell ; 6 and 10 from end of areole ; 7 and 8 on long
stalk ; areole long and narrow. Secondaries long and broad ; costa
convex ; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle, 6 and 7 from upper angle
of cell.
Type. P. disjuncta, Dognin.
Disjuncta, Dogn. (Nerice), Le Naturaliste, p. 85 (1892) ;
Lep. de Loja, p. 90, t. 9, f 8.
Tagela, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi upturned ; second joint long; third
joint one-third as long as second. Legs smooth. Primaries long
and broad ; the costa nearly straight ; the outer margin slightly
rounded ; veins 3 and 4 well apart ; 5 from upper angle of cell ; 6
from near end of areole ; 7 and 8 from a point ; 10 from before end
of areole. Secondaries: costal margin straight ; outer margin and
anal angle rounded ; veins 3 and 4 froma point; 6 and 7 on short
stalk ; 8 diverging from 7 at one-third of the length of the cell from
the base.
Type. 7’. dentata, Schs.
Dentaia, Schs. (Symmerista), P. Z. S., 1892, p. 335, T.
mate. fe 1.
STROPHOCERUS.
Strophocerus, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges., xxxli, p. 344
(1883).
Female antennze fasciculate ; a long tuft of hairs at base of antenne.
Palpi long ; second joint curved; third joint not half so long as second.
Legs thin and long. Primaries broad : apex acute, subfaleate ; outer
margin rounded ; inner angle oblique ; vein 5 from above middle of
discocellular ; 6 and 7 from upper angle of cell ; 8 from end of areole ;
x
266 Mr. W. Schaus’s
9 absent 3 10 stalked with 8. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4, also 6 and
7 from a point.
Type. S. floccaferus, Moschl.
Floceiferus, Moschl., 1. c., p. 845 (1883), t. 18, f. 35.
I am unacquainted with this species, and am inclined to
doubt its belonging to the Notodontide.
ANTIORA.
Antiora, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. vii, p. 1769 (1856).
Antenne pectinated. Primaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point; 5
from centre of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell ; 7-10 stalked
from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4, also 6 and 7 stalked ;
5 from near upper angle of cell.
Type. A. subfulva, Walk.
Subfulva, Walk., 1. c. (1856) = Drymonia ochronuiata, H. 8.
Ausser,-Europ. Schmett., 1, f. 495 (1856).
ANUROCAMPA.
Anurocampa, H. 8., Ausser.-Europ. Schmett., 1, p. 11
(1854),
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi hairy, conical, hardly extending
beyond frons. Primaries: vein 5 from just above middle of disco-
cellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell ; 7-10 stalked; areole usually
short. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 on short
stalk.
Type. A. mingens, H. 8S.
Mingens, H. S., 1. c¢., ff 83, 84. Larva figured by Bur-
meister. Lep. Rep. Arg. Atlas, Pl. xxu, f. 1.
NADATA.
Nadata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1062 (1855).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi short. Thorax with a high
crest. Primaries: outer margin crenulate; vein 5 from centre of
discocellular ; 6 from areole near upper angle of cell; 8 and 10
stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7
stalked.
Type of genus. WV. gibbosa, Sm. and Abb.
Gabbosa, Sm. and Abb. (Phalena), Lep. Georg., 11, t. 82
1797):
Revision of the American Notodontide. 267
Cargida, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated in male, serrate in female. Palpi porrect,
hairy; third joint short. Primaries: vein 5 from middle of disco-
cellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell; 7 from end of areole ; 8-10
stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 from a
point.
Type. Cargida pyrrha, Druce.
Pyrrha, Druce (Heterocampa ?), Biol. Centr.-Amer. Het.,
p. 459, t. xci, ff. 4, 5 (1898).
MINARA.
Minara, Walk., Cat Lep. Het., B. M. vii, p. 1711 (1856).
Antenne pectinated to tips in male, simple in female. Palpi
hairy, porrect, extending just beyond frons ; third joint half as long
as second. Primaries broad ; vein 5 from centre of discocellular ; 6
from upper angle of cell; areole long; 8 and 10 on short stalk.
Secondaries ; veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. JL histrionica, H. 8.
Histrionica, H. 8. (Notodonta), Ausser.-Europ. Schmett.,
i, f. 382 (1855) = Pardalina, Walk. (Minara), 1. c.,
p. 1712 (1856).
NERICE.
Nerice, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1076 (1855).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi: third joint very short.
Primaries: vein 5 from centre of discocellular ; 6 from areole,
usually near upper angle; areole long; 8 and 10 stalked.
Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. WV. Bidentata, Walk. |
Bidentata, Walk., |. c., p. 1076 (1855).
NYSTALEA.
Nystalea, Guen., Spec. Gén. Lep. Noct., ui, p. 122 (1852).
Cyrrhesta, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xi, p. 633 (1857).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi extending a little beyond frons ;
second joint very hairy, smooth; third joint very small. Head
with raised tufts. Wings long and narrow. Primaries: the outer
margin slightly rounded, oblique, somewhat crenulate ; vein 5 from
above middle of discocellular ; 6 from areole near cell, usually ;
268 Mr. W. Schaus’s
areole long, narrow, originating from before end of cell; 7 and 8
more or less stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6
and 7 usually stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
Type. WV. ebalea, Cr.
Ebalea, Cr. (Noctua) Pap. Exot., iv, t. 310, C. (1781) =
Conchyfera, Guen. (Nystalea), 1. ¢., p. 122, t. 9, £2
(1852).
Nyseus, Cr. (Noctua) Pap. Exot.,1, t. 75, E. (1775) = Nyseus
(Cyrrhesta), Walk., lc, p. 633 = Guttiplena, Walk.
(Nystalea), 1. c., xi, p. 635 (1857).
Superciliosa, Guen., |. ¢., p. 123 (1852).
Lineiplena, Walk., 1. ¢., xi, p. 635 (1857) = Cucullia, Feld.
Reise, Nov., t. xcvu, f. 6 (1874).
Inchoans, Walk., |. ¢., x1, p. 686 (1857).
Idonea, Walk., |. c., xv, p. 1743 (1858).
Virgula, Feld., 1. ¢., xeviu, f. 3 (1874).
Squamosa, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 26.
Nigritorquata, Dogn., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1900, p. 436.
Drucei, Schs., Nom. Nov.= JN. sabella, Druce ~ (nec $),
Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 11, t. 92, f. 6.
Marmorea, Schs., sp. nov.
Plumipes, Schs., sp. nov.
Nystalea marmorea, sp. nov.
Head and thorax dark grey. Abdomen light greyish-brown above,
yellowish below. Primaries dark greyish-brown, streaked with
black ; the inner and outer lines indistinct ; a subterminal dentate
light brown line, followed by an irregular line of small velvety
brown spots edged with lighter brown ; a terminal row of dark spots
extending on to the fringe ; at the apex, inner angle, and from the
middle of costa, through discal spot, large white spaces on which the
lines are more clearly defined ; the discal spot large, fine, linear,
brown. Secondaries with the basal half semi-hyaline white, the
outer half smoky black; the fringe whitish.
Expanse 50 ni.m.
Hab. TRINIDAD, B. W. I.
Nystalea plumipes, sp. nov.
Head and collar brown, thorax grey. Abdomen brown above,
testaceous at base and underneath. Primaries grey speckled with
reddish-brown scales, and shaded with light green ; wavy basal,
Revision of the American Notodontide. 269
median and outer brown lines, the last followed by a broad brown
and dark grey shade ; a subterminal velvety black line ; a terminal
blackish line, the latter much less distinct ; a row of velvety black
points in the cell, and one point beyond it on the subcostal. Second-
aries brown, whitish at the base ; the fringe testaceous.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab. AROA, Venezuela.
Pentobesa, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi: second joint long ; third joint short.
Head tufted posteriorly. Anal segment with long scales, bifid in
male. Wings long and narrow. Primaries: the outer margin
slightly oblique; vein 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6 from upper
angle of cell; 7 and 8 stalked ; 10 from endof areole. Secondaries :
veins 3 and 4 apart ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of
cell, then diverging slightly.
Type. Pentobesa xylinoides, Walk.
AXylinoides, Walk. (Edema), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxv,
p. 1931 (1866)=Pinna, Druce (Symmerista), Biol.
Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 1, p. 239, t. xxv, fig. 9 (1887).
Valta, Schs., sp. nov.
Pentobesa valta, sp. nov.
Head and collar brownish ; patagize white inwardly bordered with
buff. Primaries buff thinly irrorated with black scales, and shaded
with brown above the median vein and vein 5, also below the
submedian vein ; a subterminal row of intervenal black points,
outwardly shaded with grey ; a distinct black discal point. Second-
aries white ; a terminal smoky line ; fringe white.
Expanse 40 m.m.
Hab. COLOMBIA.
Allied to P. zylinoides, Walk.
HEORTA.
Heorta, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xv, p. 1664 (1858).
Female. Antenne simple. Palpi porrect, not extending beyond
frons ; third joint minute. Legs not very hairy. Primaries: apex
acute ; outer margin broad, rounded, very slightly oblique ; vein 5
from middle of discocellular ; 6 from areole near angle ; 7 and 8
270 Mr. W. Schaus’s
stalked ; 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a
point ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 diverging from 7 at middle of cell.
Type. H. roseoalba, Walk.
Roseoalba, Walk., 1. c., p. 1665 (1858).
Theroa, gen. nov.
Female. Antenne simple. Palpi short, hairy, not extending
beyond frons. Legs hairy. Primaries broad; the outer margin
rounded, the inner angle rounded ; vein 6 from areole near cell ;
7 and 8 usually on short stalk. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 apart ;
6 and 7 stalked, 8 diverging from 7 at end of cell.
Type. 7. zethus, Druce.
Zethus, Druce (Dasylophia), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het.,
ii, p. 454, t. xc, f. 11 (1898).
EUHYPARPAX.
Huhyparpax, Beut., Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., v, p. 19
(1893).
Antenne pectinated but not to tips. Palpi very short. Legs
pilose. Primaries: costa slightly concave about the middle ; apex
acute; outer margin slightly rounded; inner angle obliquely
rounded ; vein 5 from about middle of discocellular; 6 from upper
angle of cell ; 7 and 8 stalked from areole, which is short ; 10 from
end of areole. Secondaries : outer margin oblique ; veins 3 and 4
from a point; 6 and 7 on short stalk ; 8 close to 7 to near end
of cell.
Type. Luhyparpax rosea, Beut.
Rosea, Beut., 1. ¢.
BARDAXIMA.
Bardaxima, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xiv, p. 1849
(1858),
Gozarta, Walk., Char. Lep. Het., p. 18 (1869).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi: third joint long. Primaries: outer
margin crenulate; vein 5 from centre of discocellular ; 6 from upper
angle of cell; areole long; 7 and 8 from end of areole ; 10 from
before end. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7
stalked.
Type. B. longara, Stoll.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 271
Longara, Stoll, Pap. Exot. Sup., t, 18, f. 3, F., G. (1791)
=Lwucilinea, Walk. (Bardaxima), lc, p. 1349
(1858) = Demea, Druce (Nystalea?), Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist. (6), xv, p. 50 (1895), Biol. Centr.-Amer. Lep.
Het., t. xcu, f. 12=Pulgurifera. Walk. (Gozarta),
Char. Lep. Het., p. 18 (1869).
Marcida, Feld., Reise Nov., t. 98, f. 2 (1874).
Perses, Druce (Heterocampa), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
v, p. 516 (1900).
Demera, Schs., sp. nov.
Bardaxima demera, sp. nov.
Head and collar reddish-brown ; thorax dark grey. Abdomen
brown above, testacous below. Primaries grey, shaded with brown
along the costa, and beyond the outer lines; the lines wavy,
irregular ; basal and inner lines geminate, dark grey ; a short dark
transverse median line in the cell, followed on subcostal by a small
greyish annular spot ; a fine black line surmounting a velvety black
spot at the end of the cell; below the end of the-cell; a dark grey
patch: an oblique dark wavy line beyond the cell, joining the
outer line near the inner margin; the outer line geminate,
wavy, outwardly spotted with black; and followed by a series
of irregular black spots; a subterminal lunular black line, and
a terminal wavy black line ; an apical spot, whitish towards the base
and outwardly reddish-brown, enclosing a velvety black spot ;
fringe brown, spotted with grey. Secondaries brown, fringe paler.
Expanse 60 m.m.
Hab. DEMERARA.
PHEDOSIA.
Phedosia, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii, p. 691
(1878).
Antenne fasciculate, almost as long as primaries. Palpi long,
thickly covered with short hairs ; third joint long. Anal tuft. Legs
very hairy ; tarsi partly hairy. Primaries: outer margin convex,
slightly crenulate ; inner angle rounded ; vein 5 much nearer 6 than
4; 7,8, 10from end of areole. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4, also 6
and 7 from a point.
Type of Genus. P. twrbida, Moschl.
Turbida, Moschl., 1. c. (1878), t. x, f. 49.
272 Mr. W. Schaus’s
ELYMIOTIS.
Elymiotis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xi, p. 609 (1857).
Cicynna, Walk., 1. c., xi, p. 1104 (1857).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi: second joint very hairy ; third joint
short; extending beyond frons. Primaries: outer margin crenulate ;
vein 5 from above centre of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle of
cell; 7 and 8 from end of areole. Secondaries; veins 3 and 4 from
a point, 6 and 7 from a point or short stalk.
Type. £. notodontordes, Walk.
Notodontoides. Walk., 1. c, xi, p. 609 (1857) =Sericea,
Walk. (Cicynna), |. ¢, xii, p. 1105 (1857) =Phale-
roides, Walk. (Nystalea), |. ¢., xxxili, p. 760 (1865).
Attenuata, Walk. (Nystalea), |. c, xv, p. 1743 (1858) =
Ancora, Feld. (Nystalea), Reise Nov.,t. 97, f. 8 (1874);
2=Purpwrascens, Butl. (Amphipyra), Trans. Ent. -
Soc. 1879, p. 37.
Longicornis, Feld. (Nystalea), 1. c., t. 97, f. 5 (1874).
Audax, Druce (Edema), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii,
p. 76 (1901).
Alata, Druce (Edema), P. Z. 8., 1890, p. 510; Biol. Centr.
Amer. Lep. Het., u1, t. 90, f. 12. I have not examined
this species, but its similarity to Audax, Dr., leads me
to suppose it belongs here.
Alector, Druce (Heterocampa), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het.,
i, p. 238, t. 25, £ 7 (1887).
I place this species temporarily in the genus Elymiotis.
The type is a female and has lost its antenne. The
margins are crenulate ; vein 6 from upper angle of cell; 7,
8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4
are apart ; 6 and 7 on short stalk; 8 close to 7 to end of.
cell.
Ciianopha, gen. nov.
2. Antenne fasciculate. Palpi extending beyond frons ; second
joint long, third short. Collar tufted. Primaries broad ; outer
margin slightly crentilate and angled at vein 3; vein 6 from upper
angle of cell ; 7, 8, and 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins
3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of
cell.
Type. C. argyria, Butl.
Argyria, Butl. (Tiauspa), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879,
p. 36.
bo
~j
Su)
Revision of the American Notodontide.
Proelymiotis, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi porrect, second joint long. Head
with high crest. Tibie hairy. Wings broader than in Nystalea.
Primaries ; outer margin crenulate ; veins 3 and 4 apart; 5 from
just above centre of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell; 7, 8;
10 from areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7
on short stalk.
Type. P. equipars, Walk.
Ajquipars, Walk. (Nystalea), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xv, p.
1742 (1858) = Seminivea, Walk. (Heterocampa), Char.
Lep. Het., p. 17, n. 28 (1869) =Divisa, Moschl. (Ny-
stalea), Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxul, p. 343, t. 18,
f, 32 (1883).
AXylophasioides, Butl. (Etobesa), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond,,
1878, p. 68.
Arpia, Schs., sp. nov.
Proelymiotis arpia, sp. nov.
Primaries; outer two-thirds of costal and inner margins pale buff,
otherwise violaceous-brown, with paler intervenal longitudinal lines
towards the outer margin; a whitish subterminal spot between veins
3 and 4; traces of a buff, lunular, outer line between veins 2 and 5 ;
a thick dark streak below the median vein on the basal half.
Secondaries brown ; the fringe buff.
Expanse 40 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO, Brazil.
LYSANA.
Lysana, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxu, p.
347 (1883).
¢. Antennz serrate-fasciculate ; a long tuft of hair at base of
antenna. Palpi upturned, extending above head; second joint long
third joint very short. Fore legs very hairy. Primaries broad ;
apex not acute; costal margin before apex slightly depressed ; outer
margin rounded ; vein 5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6 from
areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries; veins 3 and 4 on
short stalk ; 6 and 7 on longer stalk ; 8 diverging from near base of
cell,
Type. Lysana plexa, Moschl.
Plewa, Moschl., 1. c., p. 348 (1883), t. 18, f. 36.
Plusiana, Schs., sp. nov.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART II. (SEPT.) 19
274 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Lysana (?) plusiana.
Head and thorax lilacine-grey mottled with reddish-brown. Ab-
domen grey ; a brown dorsal patch at base. Primaries lilacine-grey
mottled with light olivaceous-brown ; a light brown shade near base
of costa and cell ; an oblique white line from submedian vein at one-
fourth from base to end of cell followed by a dark and cupreous
brown space; an oblique white line on inner margin at one-third
from base to submedian vein followed by some cupreous-brown ; a
blackish streak from cell to near outer margin between veins 4 and
5; the outer margin brownish above vein 3, with reddish and
cupreous shadings and an oblique white streak between veins 4 and
5; fringe mottled light and dark grey. Secondaries: brown in the
@; the basal two-thirds white in the ¢, the outer margin brown ;
some reddish-brown mottlings above anal angle crossed by a white
line.
Expanse ¢ 25m.m.; 2 31 m.m.
Hab. AROA, Venezuela.
_ Differs from Moschler’s description of Zysana in having
smooth legs.
PSEUDANTIORA.
Pseudantiora, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., vol. i, p. 566.
Antvora, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxii, p. 346
(1883).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi ascending ; second joint twice as long
as third. Head with tuft. Primaries : outer margin broad, rounded ;
vein 5 from above centre of discocellular ; 6 from areole near cell ;
7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a
point or short stalk; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. P. contingata, Moschl.
Contingata, Moschl. (Antiora), lc, p. 347, t. 18, f. 35
(1883).
COTTOBARA.
Cottobara, Walk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 95.
?. Antenne finely fasciculate. Palpi ascending, thickly scaled ;
third joint minute. Primaries: vein 5 from above middle of dis-
cocellular ; 6 from areole near cell; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole.
Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 6 and 7 on longer stalk; 8 very
close to 7 to end of cell.
Type. C. concinna.
Concinna, Walk., 1. ¢.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 275
MARTHULA.
Marthula, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. ix, p. 164 (1856).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi hairy, smooth; third joint small.
Long anal tuft, usually fan-shape. Primaries: outer margin straight,
rounded below vein 4; vein 5 from just above middle of disco-
cellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell; 7, 8 and 10 from end of areole.
Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 apart ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. MM. quadrata, Walk.
Quadrata, Walk., 1. c., p. 164 (1856), t. x1, f. 2.
Multifascia, Walk. (Xanthia), lc. x, p. 466 (1856)=
Nora, Schs. (Marthula), P. Z. 8., 1892, p. 341.
Pleione, Schs. (Marthula), P. Z. 8., 1892, p. 341.
Antiopha, gen. nov.
Male antennz very long, serrate with long tufts of hairs, Palpi
upturned ; third joint very minute. Thorax hairy below. Legs
smooth. Primaries short and broad, convex at apex and middle of.
outer margin; areole long ; vein 6 from near angle of cell ; 7, 8 and
10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point ;
6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type. A. multelinea.
Multilinea, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 3 Q.
Collaris, Schs., sp. nov.
Antiopha multilinea, sp. nov.
Body brown above, below greyish ; the collar somewhat reddish.
Primaries dark lilacine and grey; the veins and intervenal streaks
dark reddish-brown ; a few minute yellow specks about apex, on
median and submedian veins ; a terminal row of small yellow spots
inwardly shaded with reddish-brown. Secondaries brown, paler at
the base and with the fringe white.
Expanse 32 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO; Castro, Brazil.
Antiopha collaris, sp. nov.
Palpi, head and collar dark velvety-brown. Patagize fawn-colour.
Primaries whitish along inner margin and to vein 4, speckled with
reddish-brown; otherwise heavily shaded with reddish-brown,
showing traces of an inner and outer pale line more heavily shaded
276 Mr. W. Schaus’s
with brown on either side; some terminal, lunular, brown spots
on pale portion of wing. Secondaries whitish, outwardly shaded
with reddish-brown.
Expanse 38 m.m,
Hab. CASTRO, Parana.
ERAGISA. |
Hragisa, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xv, p. 1656 (1858).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpiascending, thickly scaled ; third joint
minute. Fore legs very hairy. Primaries : outer margin rounded ;
vein 5 from about middle of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle of
cell ; 7, 8,10 fromend of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from
lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 on short stalk ; 8 diverging from 7 at
middle of cell ; base below thickly scaled.
Type. H. lanifera, Walk.
Lanifera, Walk., 1. ¢., 1657 (1858).
CRINODES.
Crinodes, H. 8. Ausser.-EKurop. Schmett., 1, p. 11 (1855).
Astylis, Boisd., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xv, p. 94 (1872).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi not extending beyond frons, thickly
scaled, smooth ; third joint short. Head with small conical tuft.
High thoracic tuft. Anal tuft of spatulate scales. Primaries: vein
5 from middle of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell ; 7, 8, 10
from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 slightly apart ; 6
and 7 stalked.
Type. C. bellatrix, Stoll.
Bellatrix, Stoll., Pap. Exot., iv, t. 305, E. (1781).
Besckei, Hiibn. (Crino), Samml. Ex. Schmett., 11. (1824) =
Abscondens, Druce (nec Walker), Biol. Centr. Amer.,
lie t. mClk, f. ie
Dissimilis, Grote (Crino), Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., iii, p. 183
(1870).
Ritseme, Butl., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) ii, p. 172 (1878).
Guatemalena, Druce, Biol Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., i, p. 246,
t, 2b, ie Gissy).
Striolata, Schs., sp. nov.
Nebulosa, Schs., sp. nov.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 277
Crinodes striolata.
Head and thorax violaceous-brown. Body pale brown. Primaries
brown irrorated with dark velvety striae, especially in the median
space and beyond the cell ; the median space on inner margin
nearly black; the base and basal third of costa lighter brown,
limited by a light brown line outwardly oblique from inner margin
near the base to subcostal vein, where it forms two long dentations
on costal margin to near the middle of wing; these dentations
made more distinct by a blackish line; a dark transverse discal
streak ; a faint dark shade representing the outer line ; the outer
margin shaded with violaceous-grey ; subterminal dark points
most conspicuous above vein 5 ; a terminal dark line ; fringe basally
light brown, outwardly dark brown. Secondaries lighter brown ;
a broad subterminal darker shade.
Expanse 76 m.m.
Hab. PERNAMBUCO, Brazil.
Crinodes nebulosa.
Head dark grey. Thorax posteriorly dark velvety-brown; the
patagiz and collar grey. Abdomen ochreous dorsally ; some greyish
hairs at base and laterally ; anal tuft brown. Primaries dark grey ;
a discal streak preceded by some lighter grey scales; some paler
grey scales at base and along inner margin ; a darker shade beyond
the cell, divided by the outer line, which is broad, light grey, slightly
curved inwardly below vein 6 ; a terminal lunular pale grey line.
Secondaries pale brown at base shading to dark brown on outer
margin ; some grey scales at anal angle; fringe buff above vein 3,
dark grey below it.
Expanse 59 m.m.
Hab. TUCUMAN.
Poresta, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi porrect, nearly smooth ; third joint
long. A large frontal tuft. Primaries broad; costal margin straight ;
apex acute; outer margin straight, well rounded at inner angle ;
vein 6 from areole near cell ; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Second-
aries : outer margin rounded, slightly obtuse towards anal angle ;
veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type. P. lanassa, Druce.
Lanassa, Druce (Edema), P. Z.8., 1890, p. 509; Biol. Centr.
Amer. Lep. Het., 11, t. xe, f. 9.
Thermesia, Feld. (Nystalea), Reise Nov., t. xevii, f. 9 (1874).
278 Mr. W. Schaus’s
LEPASTA.
Lepasta, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv u1, p. 694
(1877).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi-long ; second joint extending beyond
frons ; third joint almost as long as second. Head with raised tuft.
Primaries : vein 5 from centre of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle
of cell; 7, 8,10 from end of areole. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4
from a point ; 6 and 7 stalked. |
Type of genus. L. bractea, Feld.
Bractea, Feld. (Nystalea), Reise Nov., t. xevii, f. 3 (1874).
Grammodes, Feld. (Nystalea), l.c., f. 1.
Conspicua, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 71.
Misia, Moschl., |. c., xxxii, p. 349, t. 18, f. 37 (1883).
LIngnistriata, Schs., sp. nov.
Calophasioides, Kaye (Nystalea), Trans. Ent. Soc. 1901, p.
137, pl. v. f. 2. In this species vein 6 is from areole
near angle of cell; it may be the same as Mixta,
Moschl.
Lepasta lignistriata, sp. nov.
Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen light brown. Primaries
greyish speckled with brown, especially along the costa, making it
much darker ; numerous darker streaks between the veins ; a terminal
row of black points ; a black and grey spot on costa near base ; 4
small white spots on costa towards apex. Secondaries reddish-brown,
paler towards base. —
Expanse 33 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO.
Tachuda, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi hairy upturned, third joint small.
Legs hairy, the spines on hind tibia rather prominent. Primaries
long, narrow, almost as broad at base as at outer margin, the latter
margin slightly convex ; the inner margin hairy at the base ; veins
3 and 4 well apart; 6 from just beyond upper angle; a short
accessory cell, with 7, 8, 10 from its extremity, 9 stalked with 8.
Secondaries with 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type. 7. albosigma, Druce.
Albosigma, Druce (Lochmeeus), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep.
Het., i, p. 236 (1887) ; ii, ‘T. 90, £ 17.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 279
This species is widely spread and varies considerably ;
Brazilian and Trinidad specimens are usually paler with
the markings more defined.
CONTREBIA.
Contrebia, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M., ix, p. 134 (1856).
Antennee fasciculate. Palpi porrect, third joint long. Primaries
long ; apex acute, slightly falecate ; vein 5 from above centre of
discocellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell; 7 and 8 from end of
areole ; 10 from just before end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3
and 4, also 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. C. extrema, Walk.
Extrema, Walk., |. c. (1856).
HYPARPAX.
Hyparpax, Hiibn., Samml. Exot. Schmett., 1. (1824).
Sangata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xx, p. 265 (1860).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi: third joint short. Primaries :
vein 5 from centre of discocellular ; 6 from areole usually near upper
angle of cell; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3
and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. H. aurora, Sm. and Abb.
Aurora, Sm. and Abb. (Phalena), Lep. Georg., 1, t. 87
(A792) = Rosea, Walk. (Sangata), lc. xx, p. 265
(1860) = Venusta, Walk. (Dryocampa), l.c., xxxu,
p. 574 (1865).
Perophoroides, Strecker (Cosmia), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil. (1876), p. 152 = Awrostriata, Graef. (Hypar-
pax), Hut. Amer., iv, p. 58 (1888).
Venus, Neum., Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 226 (1892).
Kalkoma, gen. nov.
Antenne with short pectinations to tips. Palpi porrect ; third
joint smooth. Legs thinly haired. Primaries long ; apex and outer
margin well rounded; areole long, very narrow ; vein 5 from above
middle of discocellular ; 6 from areole near cell ; 7, 8, 10 from end
of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7
stalked.
Type. Kalkoma alba, Druce,
280 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Alba, Druce (Symmerista), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het.,
li, p. 460, t. xci, f. 3 (1898).
Pylaon, Druce (Heterocampa (?)), Le, 1, p. 459, t. xei,
f.i (1898). I have not examined this species, and
place it here with doubt.
DIDUGUA.
Didugua, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., i, p. 483
(1891).
Antenne pectinated, but not to tips. Palpi very long ; third joint
almost as long as second, smooth. Head with high crest. Primaries :
outer margin broad, rounded ; vein 5 from above centre of dis-
cocellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole.
Secondaries : 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. D. argentilinea, Druce.
Argentilinea, Druce. |. ¢., 4838, t. xl, f. 13 (1891).
Leona, Druce (Heterocampa ?), l.c., 11, p. 459, t. xci, f. 6
(1898).
DASYLOPHIA.
Dasylophia, Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., i, p. 362
(1864).
Antenne pectinated but not to tips. Palpi: third joint short.
Head with tuft. Primaries: vein 5 from about the centre of dis-
cocellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell or from areole close to cell ;
7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 close
together ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. D. anguina, Sm. and Abb.
Anguina, Sm. and Abb. (Phalena), Lep. Georg., 11, t. 84
(1797), = Cucullifera, H. 8. (Drymonia), Ausser.-
Kurop., Schmett., i, f. 381 (1855) = Punctata, Walk.
(Heterocampa), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxii, p. 420 =
Cana, Walk. (Edema), Char. Lep. Het., p. 17 (1869).
Thyatiroides, Walk. (Heterocampa), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1862, p. 79 = Interna, Pack. (Dasylophia), 1. c., p.
363 (1864) = Tripartita, Walk. (Heterocampa), Cat.
Lep. Het., B. M. xxxu, p. 419 (1865) = Signata,
Walk. (Xylina), l.c., xxxili, p. 121 (1865).
Xylinata, Walk. (Nystalea), l.c., xxxiii, p. 759 (1865) =
Pythia, Druce (Notodonta ?), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) xii, p. 356 (1894); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het.,
ii, t. 90517.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 281
Terrena, Schs. (Oedemasia), P. Z 8. 1892, p. 331 =
Dares, Druce (Notodonta), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6), xin, p. 356 (1894); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het,
me t.90, f. 6.
Lignicolor, Méschl. (Dasylophia?), Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges.,
Wien, xxvii, p. 687, t. 10, f£.46 (1877) = Hxusta, Butl.
(Tifama), ene Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 68, t. 3, f. 10.
Maxtla, Schs. (Oedemasia), |. ¢., p. 331.
Guarana, Schs. (Oedemasia), |. c., p. 331.
Inea, Schs. (Oedemasia,) |. c., p. 382.
Seriata, Druce (Oedemasia), |. c., 1, p. 235, t. 20, f. 1 (1887)
= Melanopa, Barnes, Can. Ent., 1901, p. 54.
Lupia, Druce (Heterocampa), |. c., 1, p. 238 (1887).
Poecila, Feld. (Nycterotis), Reise Nov., t. 97, f. 20 (1874)
= Fulgens, Druce (Symmerista), Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Elist.-(7), Vv, vu, p. #5 (1901).
Mocosa, Dogn. (Oedemasia), Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxix, p.
107 (1895).
Saturata, Barnes, Can. Ent., 1901, p. 53.
Lucia, Schs., sp. nov.
Abbreviata, Schs., sp. nov.
Jaliscana, Schs., sp. nov.
Grenadensis, Schs., sp nov.
Franzna, Schs., sp. nov.
Dasylophia lucia, sp. nov.
¢. Antenne deeply pectinated for 2ths of length. Body fawn-
colour. Primaries fawn-colour ; some darker shadings and black
specks along costa, inner margin, and outer portion of veins; a
terminal row of blackish dashes preceded by some similar dark
brown marks; an indistinct outer line, marked and followed by
brown spots near the inner margin. Secondaries white with a
terminal brown shade.
2. Greyer, the patagiz nearly white, inwardly edged with brown
and with a black line ; a large oval white spot at base below median
vein ; the markings otherwise a little more defined than in the male.
Secondaries as in the ¢.
Expanse ¢ 34m.m.; 2 47 m.m.
Hab. St. Lucia, B. W. I.
Dasylophia abbreviata, sp. nov.
Head and thorax greyish fawn-colour ; the posterior tufts on
thorax violaceous-brown. Primaries fawn-colour, thickly shaded
282 Mr. W. Schaus’s
with brown and olivaceous-green ; a distinct inner and outer wavy
white line ; the inner margin darkest ; a cluster of black scales on
outer margin above vein 2, and a darker shade between veins 3 and
4; a black spot in the cell. Secondaries yellowish white in the ¢,
brown in the @ with a transverse paler median shade. The wings
are proportionately shorter and broader than in the other species of
Dasylophia.
Expanse ¢ 32m.m.; 2 40 m.m.
Hab. CASTRO, Parana.
Dasylophia jaliscana, sp. nov.
¢. Antenne pectinated to near tips. Head dark grey; thorax
dorsally almost black. Primaries grey speckled with white, the veins
black ; a black transverse line at end of cell ; two geminate black
transverse lines filled in with paler grey; the inner line almost
straight from costa to median at vein 2, then curved in to submedian
and then outwardly oblique to inner margin ; the outer line slightly
wavy and nearly straight from costa to anal angle; a subterminal
irregular brownish shade, followed by black spots between veins 2-4,
and a terminal black line; fringe pale with central greyish shade.
The @ has the basal and outer portion of wing shaded with reddish-
brown, and the outer geminate line is of the same colour. Second-
aries in both sexes whitish at the base, brownish on the outer half
with a terminal dark line and paler fringe.
Expanse ¢ 31 m.m.; 2 33 m.m.
Hab. GUADALAJARA, Mexico.
Dasylophia grenadensis, sp. Nov.
Q. Palpi and head fawn-colour, thorax and abdomen slightly
darker. Primaries dark fawn-colour, the outer portion of the veins
streaked and speckled with black, and long dark streaks between
veins 4-6; a small dark streak and spot in the cell, followed by a
dark reddish-brown shade not quite reaching the inner margin; a
broad terminal dark shade not extending above vein 7; a terminal
row of dark spots between the veins, most distinct at apex. Second-
aries smoky, the base and disc whitish, the veins black.
Expanse 45 m.m.
Hab. GRENADA, B. W. I.
Dasylophia franzina, sp. nov.
Body light brown ; a transverse black line on collar; a black
line on patagiz towards dorsum. Primaries light brown; the
Revision of the American Notodontide. 283
costa and ashade above submedian from base to anal angle violaceous-
grey; some blackish specks along subcostal and terminal veins ;
a dark brown shade near base below the submedian ; an interrupted
dark brown streak in the cell, and an oblique brown shade from
cell to outer line above submedian ; the outer line is broad, whitish,
and shaded on either side with patches of dark brown scales ;
some terminal whitish dashes between veins 4 and 7; fringe brown
spotted with black at tips of veins. Secondaries brown the fringe
fawn-colour.
Expanse 45 m.m.
Hab. Sio PAuvto, Brazil.
Parigia, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated on basal two-thirds. Palpi extending beyond
frons, hairy ; third joint minute. Primaries ; outer margin rounded,
oblique ; vein 5 from middle of discocellular ;.6 from upper angle
of cell; areole very long and narrow ; 7 and 8 from end of areole ;
10 from before end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart ; 6
and 7 stalked ; 8 diverging from 7 at end of cell.
Type. /. sagana, Druce.
Sagana, Druce (Heterocampa), Ann and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) xiii, p. 857 (1894); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het.
tt OO f. 2a.
Montana, Druce (Heterocampa), l. c., 1, p. 457, t. 90, f. 19
(1898).
Gamarra, Dogn. (Heterocampa), Le Naturaliste, 1890,
p. 128; Lep. de Loja, p. 56, pl. 5, fi 5.
Mina, Druce (Heterocampa), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
v, p. 515 (1900).
Pallida, Schs. (Lophodonta ?), P. Z. 8., 1894, p. 242.
Musara, Schs., sp. nov.
Vecina, Schs., sp. nov.
Hydriana, Schs., sp. nov.
Farigia musara, sp. nov.
Head and thorax light grey. Abdomen light reddish-brown.
Primaries grey, shaded with brown on the outer and inner margins,
and tinged with pink in the disk ; a fine angular brown line at the
base; the inner line geminate, interrupted, and very irregular,
dark brown filled in with light greenish scales; the outer line
better defined and forming a more regular curve, geminate, blackish,
filled in with greenish-yellow scales ; this line is outwardly broadly
284 Mr. W. Schaus’s
shaded with green, except between veins 4 to 6 ; an angular terminal
dark line. Fringe brown spotted with fawn-colour : secondaries
brown.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab. Castro, Parana.
Farigia vecina, sp. nov.
Head and thorax mottled grey and brown hairs. Alglomen brown.
Primaries dark brown speckled with greyish ; the basal third of the
costa and the apex broadly more greyish ; the inner line dark brown,
indistinct, more or less shaded with green scales; outer line very
dark brown, intercepted by the veins and forming a large outward
curve, shaded on either side with green scales ; the outer margin
speckled with green ; a subterminal angular dark line. Secondaries
brown ; the fringe partly greyish.
Expanse 9 48 m.m.
Hab. ORIZABA, Mexico.
Farigia hydriana, sp. nov.
Head and thorax mottled dark brown and grey. Abdomen
reddish-brown, darkest subdorsally. Primaries greyish-brown,
darkest on the inner margin ; at the base of the costa some light
green scales; a brown discal spot; between the median and
submedian veins a dark brown shade from the base to the subter-
minal line, which is wavy and also dark brown. Secondaries brown ;
the fringe partly grey.
Expanse ¢ 39m.m.; 9 47 m.m.
Hab. JALAPA, Mexico; ARoa, Venezuela.
PSEUDODRYAS.
Pscudodryas, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii, p.
685 (1878).
Female antenne pectinated on basal two-thirds. Palpi upturned,
hairy ; the third joint small. Primaries narrow ; apex rounded ;
outer margin rounded, oblique; vein 5 from above middle of disco-
cellular ; 6 from areole, nearer cell ; areole long and narrow ; 7, 8, 10
from end of areole. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 close together ; 6 and
7 on short stalk ; 8 close to 7 on basal third of cell.
Type. P. olivacea, Moschl.
Olivacea, Moschl., 1. c., p. 685, t. x, f. 43 (1878).
fievision of the American Notodontide. 285
Hustema, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated for four-fifths of their length. Palpi porrect,
short. Legs moderately hairy. Wings long, fairly broad. Primaries :
veins 3 and 4 apart; 5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6 from
upper angle of cell; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries :
vein 8 close to 7 to end of cell; 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and
7 stalked.
Type. Lustema dara, Druce.
Dara, Druce (Stilpnotia ?), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)
xi, p. 355 (1894); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 11
(Notodonta), p. 463, t. xcii, ft 1.
TECMESSA.
Tecmessa, Burm., Desc. Rep. Arg., v, p. 504 (1882).
Antenne with short basal pectinations in the male, serrate in the
female. Palpi short, hairy, not extending beyond frons. Tibia
with long hairs ; tarsi smooth, Primaries fairly broad; the costal
and inner margins straight ; the outer margin rounded ; vein 6 from
upper angle of cell ; 7, 8, 10 from end of long areole. Secondaries
broad ; the costal margin rounded ; veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7
stalked.
Type of Genus. 7’. annulipes, Berg.
Annulipes, Berg. (Thosea), Ann. Soc. Arg., v, p. 186 (1878)
= Phyllis, Druce (Cerura), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7) v, p. 517 (1900).
Hlegans, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 4.
Tecmessa elegans, sp. nov.
Head and thorax white, posteriorly on the latter a large black
spot. Abdomen grey above, white below. Primaries dull greyish-
white ; basal and inner fine geminate black transverse lines, angled
at margins and forming two outward curves between ; a fine gemi-
nate outer line, irregular and forming inward curves between the
veins, preceded and followed on the costa by some black markings,
and followed at the inner angle by a large black spot ; some smaller
subterminal black spots. Secondaries white, with a broad terminal
smoky band and a large blackish spot at the anal angle; fringe
white.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab, Castro, Parana.
286 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Psorocampa, gen. nov.
Antennee pectinated for two-thirds of their length, then finely ser-
rate to tips. Palpi porrect, hardly extending beyond head ; third
joint very minute. Legs hairy. Primaries broad, the costa straight,
outer margin slightly rounded, inner margin bulging somewhat to-
wards base ; vein 5 from above middle of discocellular ; vein 6 from
upper angle of cell; vein 10 anostomosing with 8 to form long areole ;
vein 7 from end of areole; 9 stalked with 8. Secondaries with the
costal and inner margin straight, the outer margin evenly rounded ;
veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type. P. denticulata, Schs.
Denticulata, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 5.
Psorocampa denticulata, sp. nov.
Body light grey. Primaries light grey with two transverse dentate
black lines outwardly shaded with fawn-colour scales ; the inner line
very oblique from costa to middle of inner margin ; the outer line
subterminal ; a small black spot on costa beyond cell. Secondaries
varying from pure white to dark slaty-grey.
Expanse 45 m.m.
Hab. Castro, Parana.
HIpPIA.
Hippia, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii, p. 693
(1878).
Hlasmia, Moschl., Abhandl. Senckenb. Ges., xiv, p. 36
(1886).
Harma, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xin, p. 1105 (1857).
Antenne fasciculate in the g,simple in the 9. Palpi: third
joint long. Primaries: costa slightly convex ; apex acute; outer
margin broad, rounded ; vein 6 from end of areole ; 7-10 stalked,
Secondaries broad ; veins 3 and 4, also 6 and 7 from a point or
slightly stalked.
Type. Hippia mumetes, Cr.
Mumetes, Cr. (Tortrix), Pap. Exot. i. t., 82, A. (1775).
Pulchra, Butl. (Hdema), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 64,
t. 3, £4
Insularis, Grote (Edema), Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., vi, p. 321
(1867) = Lignosa, Moschl. (Elasmia), |. c., fig. 30
Revision of the American Notodontide. 287
(1886) = Mandela, Druce (Edema), Biol. Cent. Amer.
Lep. Het., i, p. 235, t. 25, fig. 3 (1887).
Astuta, Sch. (Edema), P. Z. S., 1894, p. 242 = Anica, Druce
(Edema), Biol. Cent. Amer. Lep. Het., p. 455, t. xe,
fig. 13 (1898).
Matheis, Sch. (Edema), P. Z. 8., 1892, p. 332.
Vitiipalpis, Walk. (Harma), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xii, p.
1106 (1857).
This is possibly the same as H. wmsularis, Grote, and
synonyms ; it is very similar, but greyer in tone. If iden-
ical Vittipalpis would have priority.
Talae, Berg. (Hyboma), An. Soc. Arg., v, p. 184 (1878),
probably belongs to this genus; the species is un-
_known to me. ‘Harma, the oldest name for the genus
is preoccupied.
Packardi, Morr. (Edema), An. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., xi,
p. 92 (1875).
SYMMERISTA.
Symmerista, Hiibn., Verz. Vek. Schmett., p. 248 (1818).
Edema, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1028 (1855).
Male antennz shortly pectinated on basal two-thirds. Palpi:
second joint extending beyond frons ; third joint short. Primaries
broad ; vein 5 from above centre of discocellular ; 6 from end of
areole ; 7-10 stalked. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6
and 7 stalked.
Type. S. albifrons, Sm. and Abb.
Albifrons, Sm. and Abb. (Phalzena), Lep. Ins. Georg., 11, t.
8 (1797) = Albicosta, Hiibn. (Noctua), Hur. Schmett.
Noct., f. 440 (1804?) = Albif/rons, Walk. (Edema), 1. c.
1029 (1855).
Tlotzin, Schs. (Kdema), P. Z. S., 1892, p. 332; Biol. Cent.
Amer. Lep. Het., u1, t. xe, f. 15.
Suavis, Barnes (Edema), Can. Ent., 1901, p. 53.
ARHACIA,
Arhacia, H. 8., Ausser.-Europ. Schmett., 1, p. 11 (1855).
Anodonta, H. oH lc, p. (3'(1856),
Male antennz deeply pectinated to near tips ; simple in the female.
Palpi slight, not extending beyond frons; second joint long, third
288 Mr. W. Schaus’s
short. Primaries long, narrow, the inner angle rounded; vein 5
from centre of discocellular ; areole long ; 6 from near end of areole ;
7 and 8 stalked ; 10 from before end of areole, Secondaries: veins
3 and 4 close together ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. A. combusta, H. 8.
Combusta, H.8., l.c., p. 11, ff. 81, 82 (1854) = Fascis, Schs.
(Anodonta), Ent. Amer., vi, p. 47 (1890).
CERURA.
Cerura, Schrank., Fauna Boica, 11, 155 (1802).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi small. Primaries broad ; vein
6 from end of areole; 7 and 8 stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4
from a point ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. C. furcula, Schr., from Europe.
Scitiscripta, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii, p. 408
(1865).
Multiscripta, Riley, Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 11, p. 241
(1875).
Occidentalis, Lintmer, Rep. Mus. N. Y., xxx, p. 194
(1878).
Rarata, Walk., |. ¢., xxxu, p. 409 (1865) ; Biol. Centr. Amer.
Lep. Het., 11, t. 91, f. 7 (1898).
Platea, Schs. (Dicranura), Ent. Amer., vi, p. 46 (1890).
Dandon, Druce (Harpyia), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),
xiii, p. 358 (1894); Biol. Cent. Amer. Lep. Het., ii, t.
Annulifera, Berg. (Harpyia), Ann. Soc. Argent., v, p. 183
(1878),
Argynnis, Schs., sp. nov.
ftivera, Schs., sp. nov.
Grandis, Schs., sp. nov.
Cerura argynnis, sp. Nov.
Head black, frontal tuft creamy-yellow. Collar white with a dorsal
transverse black shade. Thorax white; three large black spots ante-
riorly, a central black spot, and a black line posteriorly. Abdomen
black dorsally, otherwise white ; anal tuft white, with a black trans-
verse line. Primaries silvery white ; sub-basal and basal interrupted
black lines, followed by a black ring on the inner margin, one in the
cell, contiguous to another on the costal margin, these black rings
filled in with greenish-yellow ; a median interrupted black line
Revision of the American Notodontide. 289
followed by a very angular and more heavily marked complete line ;
two outer angular and irregular black lines somewhat suffused to-
wards the apex, where there is some greenish-yellow between the
lines ; a terminal row of black spots. Secondaries and fringe white
in the ¢ with a black point at the anal angle; in the @ dark smoky
grey, with the fringe white spotted with black.
Expanse ¢ 3lim.m.; 9 33 mm.
Hab, CASTRO, Parana.
Cerura rivera, sp. Nov.
Allied and very similar to Cerwra argynnis, Schaus. Larger and
the spot on inner margin of primaries containing a black pupil. The
? has the secondaries quite black and the fringe greyish ; there are
also black ventral spots on the abdomen.
Expanse ¢ 38; 9 40 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO; Castro, Parana.
Described from 2 f f and 2 @ Q.
Cerura grandis, sp. nov.
Head black, frontal tuft yellow. Collar black. Thorax creamy-
white with two black spots posteriorly. Primaries white shaded
with silky-brown from the cell outwards and also between the
median and submedian veins; a large black, basal, costal spot,
followed by a narrow angular black line slightly interrupted ; a
large oblique black spot from the costa to median vein, and a smaller
black spot on the inner margin, these followed by a narrow angular
interrupted black line ; a very irregular median black line, and two
outer black lines, the one nearest the margin broadening into black
patches at the inner angle, below vein 4, and from above vein
5 to the apex ; a terminal row of elongated black spots. Second-
aries brown with a terminal row of white spots and two curved black
marks on the inner margin above the angle.
Expanse 55 m.m.
Hab. PERUVIAN AMAZONS.
Betola, gen. nov.
Antenne p ctinated for two-thirds of their length. Palpi porrect,
third joint small. A high frontal tuft. Abdomen stout, long ; anal
tuft long, bifurcate. Primaries broad at the outer margin, slightly
dentate ; small areole from before end of cell ; 6 from end of areole.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART III. (SEPT.) 20
290 Mr. W. Schaus’s
7, 8, 9 stalked; 10 from end of areole; 3 and 4 from a point.
Secondaries : veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 3 and 4 from a point ; 8 close
to 7 to near the end of cell.
Type. B. aroata, Schs.
Aroata, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 6.
Betola aroata, sp. nov.
Head and thorax brown, mottled with green and violaceous scales.
Primaries violaceous-brown ; a long olive-green spot above the sub-
median ata third from the base; a large olive green space from
below and beyond the cell to the outer margin, this space divided
by the outer line which isirregular, wavy, pale fawn-colour ; a broad
white dash on the outer margin between veins 4 and 6-; some black
scales at the base of the inner margin, a large cluster in the cell, and
two small clusters between veins 2 and 3 on the outer margin. The
shadings are rather mottled and streaky. Secondaries white; the
margins narrowly brown ; the fringe white.
Expanse 45 m.m.
Hab. ARoa, Venezuela.
LIRIMIRIS.
Inrimiris, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxu, p. 468
(1865).
Antenne pectinated, but not to tips. Palpi not extending beyond
frons. Primaries long and narrow ; above vein 4, outer margin
rounded or truncated, below 4 very oblique ; 6 from end of areole ;
7 and 8 stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7
stalked.
Type of Genus. L. lignitecta, Walk.
Lignitecta, Walk, 1. c., p. 469 (1865) = Argentifera, Druce,
(Tifama), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iv, p. 92
(1889), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., u1, t. xci, f. 20.
Truncata, H.8. (Notodonta), Ausser.-Europ. Schmett., i, f.
494 (1856).
GopHA.
Gopha, Walk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) i, p. 81 (1862).
Antenne shortly pectinate in the male on basal two-thirds, serrate-
fasciculate in the female, Palpi extending beyond the frons ;
second joint long, third short. Primaries broad ; the apex acute ;
Revision of the American Notodontide. 291
outer margin straight ; the inner angle rounded ; vein 5 from above
middle of discocellular ; 6 from end of areole; 7 and 8 stalked
Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type of Genus. G. mixtipennis, Walk.
Mixtipennis, Walk., 1. c. (1862), t. xi, f. 7.
Albipuncta, Schs., sp. nov.
Gopha albipuncta, sp. nov.
Head and thorax reddish fawn-colour, shaded with brown scales ;
patagiz greyish. Abdomen greyish-brown. Primaries brown mottled
with grey and green, especially in cell and at apex. A geminate
wavy inner line, dark brown, nearer the base on inner margin than
on costa ; a large silvery-white spot at end of cell prolonged on vein
6 ; a terminal row of greenish spots, inwardly shaded with black.
Secondaries dark brown, the fringe paler.
Expanse 34 m.m.
Hab. SAo PavLo, 8S. E. Brazil.
Naduna, gen. nov.
2. Antenne simple. Palpi upturned ; third joint small. Legs
smooth. Abdomen longand slender. Primaries long and narrow ;
costa slightly convex ; outer margin convex below apex and oblique
to inner angle ; veins 3 and 4 near together ; 5 from a little below
upper angle ; a long narrow accessory cell ; 6 from near its extremity ;
7, 8,10 from the end of it. Secondaries with 3 and 4 from a point ;
6 and 7 stalked.
Type. 1V. lignea, Schs.
Lngnea, Schs., sp. nov. t. xi, f. 8.
Naduna lignea, sp. nov.
Head and collar light reddish-brown; thorax darker brown.
Abdomen dull brown above, whitish underneath. Primaries brown,
the inner margin and apical half of costa darker ; the basal half of
costa and median space shaded with greenish-grey ; a pale reddish-
brown streak from cell to outer margin ; a median geminate brown
line most distinct where crossing the cell ; a minute white point at
the end of the cell surmounted by a brown line; an outer row of
geminate black points; a terminal row of black points, and three
rather larger subterminal black spots near costa, inner angle, and
292 Mr. W. Schaus’s
middle of outer margin. Secondaries brown, the fringe somewhat
testaceous.
Expanse 37 m.m.
Hab. SKo Pauto, S. E. Brazil.
Pauluma, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated for two-thirds of their length, the pectinations
inwardly covered with fine white hairs. Palpi upturned, third joint
small. Legs hairy, especially anterior pair. Body conical hardly
extending beyond secondaries. Primaries moderately broad ; the
apex well rounded ; the outer margin oblique; the inner angle
slightly rounded : vein 5 from well above middle of discocellular ; a
long accessory cell ; vein 6 from near the end of it ; 7, 8,10 from
end of accessory cell. Secondaries with the angles well rounded ;
6 and 7 on short stalk, 8 approaching 7 about middle of cell and
then widely diverging.
7 Type. P. nubila, Schs.
Nubila, Schs., sp. nov. t. xi, f. 9.
Minna, Sch., sp. nov.
Pauluma nubila, sp. nov. *
* Head and thorax greyish fawn-colour, the latter violaceous-brown
posteriorily. Abdomen brown above with a paler subdorsal tuft at
the base. Primaries creamy fawn-colour ; the inner margin broadly
violaceous, with a large circular brown line at the base, connected
with the costa by an oblique brown shade; apical third of costa
finely violaceous ; a light brown streak below this portion ; a fine
terminal brown line ; some pale brown shadings from the base to the
apex and outer margin ; some fine subapical dark streaks ; an oblique
dark shade above the innerangle ; the fringe light grey divided by a
brown line, Secondaries white ; a fine terminal light brown line
and some dark scales about the anal angle.
. Expanse 34 m.m.
Hab, Castro, Parana.
Pauluma minna, sp. nov.
Head and thorax mottled fawn-colour and reddish-brown scales.
Primaries ight brown streaked along and below the costa with fawn-
colour ; a dark fine terminal line, inwardly shaded with fawn-
colour ; some darker apical shadings, and two dark streaks between
veins 4-6 ; a curved dark brown shade from below cell to centre of
Revision of the American Notodontide. 293
outer margin ; traces of an outer lunular line; a darker brown
shade from the base to end of cell. Secondaries white; the outer
margin finely dark brown ; the costal and inner margins brownish,
the latter shading to darker brown at the angle.
Expanse 30 m.m.
Hab. Sio Pauto, 8. E. Brazil.
Drugera, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi upturned ; second joint long ; third
joint short. Fore legs very hairy ; mid and hind tibia tufted.
Primaries broad ; outer margin rounded ; vein 5 from above middle
of discocellular ; 6 from areole ; 8-10 stalked. Secondaries: veins
3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. D. morona, Druce.
Morona, Druce (Edema), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 1,
p. 455, t. 90, f. 14 (1898).
Hardingia, gen. nov.
Antenne with woolly pectinations on basal two-thirds. Palpi
hairy ; second joint long; third joint very short. Legs hairy.
Primaries : outer margin rounded, oblique ; areole from end of cell ;
vein 5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6 from centre of areole ;
7 and 8 stalked ; 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and
4 close together ; 6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type of Genus. H. robert, Schs.
Roberti, Schs., sp. nov. t. xi, f. 10.
Mechanica, Doguin. (Lirimiris), Le Nat., 1892, p. 169, Lep.
de Loja., pl. 9, f. 18.
Hardingia roberti, sp. nov.
Head and thorax greenish-ochreous, streaked with dark hairs.
Abdomen brown. Primaries ochreous-buff, mottled with grey at base
and below vein 2; a small grey blotch between veins 3 and 4, and
a larger similar spot from 4-7 ; a reddish-brown shade at the end of
the cell ; some black scales at base below the median vein ; traces of
a wavy, geminate inner and outer black line ; a terminal dark line
interrupted by the veins; fringe spotted with grey at veins.
Secondaries brownish ; a darker terminal line ; a paler transverse
shade from the costa near apex to the anal angle.
Expanse 38 m.m.
Hab, COLOMBIA.
294 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Hucerura, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated to tips. Primaries short, broad; vein 5 from
middle of discocellular ; areole small; 6 from middle of areole;
7, 8,10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart ;
6 and 7 on short stalk ; 8 close to 7 to end of cell.
«4
Type. 2. pica, Butl.
Pica, Butl. (Drymonia), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1882), p. 22.
Salluca, gen. nov.
d. Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi: second joint Jong and
hairy ; third joint short and smooth. Primaries broad ; outer margin
rounded ; veins 3 and 4 apart; 5 from middle of discocellular : 6
from before centre of areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Second-—
aries: veins 3 and 4 apart ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. S. morwma, Schs.
Moruma, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 11.
Podrida, Dogn. (Heterocampa), Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xh,
p- 26 (1897).
Pistacina, Schs. sp. nov.
Gramina, Schs., sp. nov.
Tarupa, Schs., sp. nov.
Salluca moruma, sp. nov.
Head and thorax moss-green. Abdomen brown above, testaceous
below. Primaries moss-green, darkest at the base, and shaded with
brown on the inner margin basally ; a basal dark line and streak ;
the inner line geminate, dark, partly obsolete, filled in with reddish-
brown ; a dark line at the end of the cell, shaded with reddish-
brown; the outer line dark, lunular, geminate, filled in with
reddish-brown ; some dark subterminal spots shaded with brown,
the largest one between veins 3 and 4. Secondaries dark grey, with
some testaceous hairs at the base and on the inner margin and
traces of a geminate darker line on the costa near the apex and
at the anal angle. The fringe on both wings light grey with darker
spots at the veins.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab. ORIZABA, Mexico.
Salluca gramina, sp. nov.
Head and thorax dark green. Abdomen light brown. Primaries
olive-green, mottled with black, dark brown and white scales, the
Revision of the American Notodontide. 295,
dark scales forming indistinct geminate basal, inner, and outer lines ;
a subterminal row of dark spots, and an interrupted terminal dark
line. Secondaries blackish-brown.
Expanse 38 m.m.
Hab. Or1zABA, Mexico.
Salluca pistacina, sp. Dov.
Head and thorax fawn-colour with some blackish lines on collar
and patagie. Abdomen light brown above, creamy underneath.
Primaries pale green ; a basal white line followed on costa by a
large brown patch ; a violaceous brown shade below the median at
end of and just beyond the cell; a fawn-colour spot in the cell
partly bordered with black scales ; a fine geminate black outer line,
indistinct and irregular; an irregular subterminal row of reddish-
brown spots partly bordered with black and white scales; a
terminal black line; fringe reddish-brown spotted with black at
veins. Secondaries smoky-brown, paler at base.
Expanse 33 m.m.
Hab. HonDURAS.
Salluca tarupa, sp. nov.
Antenne pectinated to the tips. Head and thorax greenish-
brown, mottled with darker scales. Primaries dark greenish-brown ;
a large space from cell to apex, white, speckled thickly with light
brown scales; a dark line at the end of the cell, outwardly shaded
with white, inwardly with brown ; a median, transverse, geminate
dark line: an outer geminate line filled in with whitish ; some
irregular subterminal black shades; a terminal black line; the
veins blackish on the dark portion of the wing. Secondaries smoky-
brown, whitish at the base ; the apex whitish preceded on the costa
by a greenish-brown spot bordered by two darker lines; veins
terminally darker.
Expanse 33 m.m.
Hab. SAo Pauto, 8. E. Brazil.
Skaphita, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated for two-thirds of length, the pectinations
densely haired. Palpi reaching vertex, hairy; the third joint
minute. Fore legs with large bowl-shaped tufts of long hairs.
Primaries long and narrow ; outer margin very oblique ; vein 5 from
just above middle of discocellular ; 6 from centre of areole ; 7 and
296 Mr. W. Schaus’s
8 from end of areole; 10 from before end of areole. Secondaries
broad ; costal margin convex ; outer margin rounded ; veins 3 and 4
apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. Skaphita salona, Druce.
Salcna, Druce (Phya), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiii,
p- 356 (1894); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 11
xel, f. 13.
DICENTRIA.
Dicentria, H. 8., Ausser.-Europ. Schmett., 1, p. 11 (1855).
Oligocentria, H.S., l.c., p. 11 (1855).
Janassa, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1101 (1855).
Xylinodes, Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, 111, 366 (1864).
Hatima, Walk., |. ¢., xxxul, p. 450 (1865).
Phya, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., i, 242 (1887).
6. Antenne pectinated on basal half or two-thirds, simple in
the 9. Palpi barely extending beyond frons ; second joint hairy ;
third joint minute. Head slightly tufted. Primaries long and
narrow ; outer margin oblique, crenulate ; vein 5 from above middle
of discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole; 7 and 8 from end of -
areole. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 apart ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. D. centralis, H. 8.
Centralis, H.8., 1. ¢., f. 383 (1855).
Violasceus, H. S. (Oligocentria), d c., f. 885 (1855).
Lignicolor, Walk. (Janassa), v; p. 110L-@Ss57=
Virgata, Pack. Kolieodes)” lL. Gy p. 367. (13ea
Tigingera, Walk. (Exereta), lc, xxxi, p. 423
(1865).
Semirufescens, Walk. (Hatima), |. c., xxxii, p. 450 (1865)
= Eximia, Grote (Oedemasia), Bull, U.S. Geol. Surv.,
vi, p. 275 (1881).
Perangulata, Hy. Edw. (Oedemasia), Papilio, 11, p. 125
(1882). Of this species I have a $ specimen labelled
type but not in Mr. Edwards’ handwriting. This and
the preceding species seem to me to be hetter placed
in Dicentria than in Schizura, which forms a more
natural group when containing those species with
broader and more rounded wings.
Coloradensis, Hy. Edw. (Janassa), Ent. Amer., i, p. 17
(1885).
Laciuntosa, Hy. Edw. (Janassa), Lc, p. 129 (1885)=
Phraortes, Druce (Dicentria), Ann. and Mag, Nat. Hist.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 207
(6), iv, p. 93 (1889); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., i,
p- 463 (Phya), t. xci, ff. 11, 12.
Dela, Druce (Phya), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x1,
pesos (1894); B.C. A.) un, t xl; 1. 15.
Sabella, Druce (Nystalea), 9 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),
ma, p. oo9 (1804); BCA, t. wet, f 2,2. Dhe: J,
fig. 6 on same plate is a true Nystalea.
Psamathe, Schs. (Phya), P: Z.8., 1892, p. 339.
Peruda, Druce (Blera), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), p. 78,
(1901).
Iimta, Schs., sp. nov.
Disparilis, Schs., sp. nov.
Deentria linita, sp. nov.
¢. Head and thorax violaceous-brown ; the patagiee with hoary
scales. Abdomen brown above, testaceous below. Primaries dark
fawn-colour tinged with lilacine on the costa, greenish on the inner
margin, and greyish on the outer margin ; somewhat mottled with
olivaceous scales; a fine dark brown streak at the base, and a
darker spot below it on the inner margin ; the inner line geminate,
- Junular, indistinct, brownish especially below the median vein ; the
outer line also geminate, wavy, olivaceous ; at the end of the cella
velvety black semilunular line, with a short fine black streak
extending from its centre, and partly filled in with olivaceous,
beyond which is a paler space to the outer line ; some dark streaks
at the apex and about the inner angle. Secondaries grey, yellowish
towards the base and along the inner margin ; a dark spot at the
angle. @. Head and thorax grey, the latter bordered with reddish-
brown posteriorly. Abdomen light brown. Primaries grey, the
veins blackish speckled with white and reddish-brown ; a fine black
streak at the base below the median vein, and a velvety black
lunular line at the end of the cell; lines hardly visible, forming
reddish-brown shades ; a subterminal row of reddish-brown streaks
between the veins, fringe reddish-brown mottled with black and
white. Secondaries whitish ; the veins dark ; a dark shade at the
anal angle.
Expanse ¢ 37 m.m.; 9 43 m.m.
Hab. JALAPA, Mexico.
Dicentria disparilis, sp. nov.
dg. Pale fawn-colour tinged with violaceous along the costa and
inner margin ; a broad brown shade from the base below the cell
298 Mr. W. Schaus’s
and a similar shade from the cell to the outer margin between veins
4and 5; a black point at the end of the cell ; the veins with dark
brown streaks ; indistinct traces of geminate inner and outer lines ;
some dark streaks at the apex, and about the inner angle ; a terminal
row of black points. Secondaries white; the tips of the veins
faintly darker.
Q. Pale violaceous brown, somewhat darker along the inner
margin ; the costal margin tinged with greenish ; a black point at
the end of the cell ; the transverse lines very wavy and indistinct,
greenish ; a dark brownish spot at the base of the wings; a dark
streak at the apex, and two above the inner angle, the latter
outwardly shaded with white. Secondaries smoky-brown.
Expanse ¢ 33 m.m.; 9 35 m.m.
Hab. ORIZABA, Mexico,
Dicentria laciniosa, Edw. Larva.
Length 12 inches. Head prominent, slightly conical, white with
black markings. First segment small, then increasing to 6, 7, 8, which
are large, the 9th and 10th are smaller, and the 11th again larger.
General ground-colour yellow, with numerous black streaks and
spots, forming two dark dorsal bands on segments 4-9. On seg. 4 is
a long bright red subdorsal protuberance, surmounted by two hard
black points; on the following four segments and also on the
11th are two dorsal shorter red protuberances, close togéther and
likewise with hard black tips ; just beyond these on all the segments
is a row of little black tubercles, and two Jateral rows of the same,
but very small ; laterally segments 7, 8, 9 are darker. Abdominal
legs and laterally above prolegs bright red. Prolegs and anal
claspers black. Underneath a broad yellow band on segments 4, 5,
10, 11 and 12. Transforms underground in a rough earthen cocoon.
Pupa #-¢ inch in length, rather long, dark shining brown. Pupal
state lasts about a month.
SCHIZURA.
Schizwra, Doubl., Entomol., i, 59 (1841).
(Hdemasia, Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, i1i, 359 (1864).
Coelodasys, Pack., 1. ¢., 111, 363 (1864).
Differs chiefly from Dicentria in the broader wings and
more rounded outer margins of primaries.
Type. S. ipomex, Db.
Ipome, Db., |.c., p. 60, f. 8 (1841).
Revision of the American Notodontide. 299
Concinna, Sm. and Abb. (Phaleena), Lep. Georg. 11, t. 85
(1797) type of Oedemasia.
Unicornis, Sm. and Abb., Lep. Ins. Georg. 1, t. 96
(1797), type of Coelodasys, Pack.
Leptinoides, Grote (Coelodasys), Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 11,
p-. 823 (1864).
Apicalis, Grote and Rob. (Coelodasys), Proc. Ent. Soe.
Phil. vi, p. 15 (1886).
Badia, Pack. (Oedemasia), Proc., Ent. Soc. Phil., 11, p. 361
(1864).
For the synonymy of the North American species see
Packard’s Monograph of American Bombycine Moths,
Part I. The synonomy of Walker’s species is correct,
except in the case of semirufescens (Hatima), which is an
older name for Eximia, Grote.
Pegasis, Schs. (Coelodasys), P. Z. 8. (1892), p. 331.
Tizoc, Schs. (Etobesa), 1. c., p. 339.
Tonac, Schs. (Coelodasys), 1. c., p. 330.
Deba, Druce (Hatima), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii.
p. 358 (1894); Biol. Cent. Amer. Lep. Het., 11, p. 454,
(Dasylophia) t. xe, f. 10.
LITODONTA.
Intodonta, Harv., Can. Ent., viii, pp. 5, 109 (1876).
Antenne pectinated to near tips. Palpi, short, thin, hairy, not
extending beyond frons, Primaries broad, short ; vein 5 from middle
of discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole; 7, 8, 10 from end of
areole, Secondaries ; veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close
to 7 to end of cell.
Type. L. hydromeli, Harv.
Hydromeli, Harv., |. ¢., p. 5 (1876).
Nigripuncta, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 12.
Intodonta nigrupuncta.
Head fawn-colour. Thorax violaceous. Abdomen brown. Pri-
maries ; base and outer margin lilacine-grey ; median space dark
steel-grey, the costa somewhat paler; two velvety-black spots at
base, two at apex and one at inner angle; a round velvety-black
spot in cell, preceded by a lilacine-grey shade ; the inner line form-
ing three curves, reddish-brown, outwardly shaded with paler brown ;
traces of a reddish median shade above inner margin; outer line
inwardly lunular between the veins, brown, shaded with paler
300 Mr. W. Schaus’s
brown ; the outer margin irrorated with brown, chiefly about the
veins; a terminal black wavy line, partly interrupted; fringe dark
grey, somewhat paler at base. Secondaries dark brown ; base of fringe
blackish. Underneath brown ; an indistinct, dark outer line.
Expanse 31 m.m.
Hab. CASTRO, Parana.
The palpi are slightly more developed than in Z, hydro-
melt, Harv.
PSILACRON,
Psilacron, Feld., Reise Nov., t. 97, f. 22 (1874).
Antenne pectinated for two-thirds of length. Palpi porrect ; third
joint short. Primaries broad ; the outer margin oblique ; the areole
originating well beyond the cell; vein 5 from middle of disco-
cellular ; 6 from areole near origin; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole.
Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. P. luteovirens, Feld.
Luteovirens, Feld., 1. ¢.
MISOGADA.
Misogada, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxu, p. 449 (1865),
Antenne pectinated to near tips which are setose. Palpi extend-
ing beyond frons in the male, shorter in the female. Primaries :
veins 5 from middle of discocellular; 6 from centre of areole ; 7, 8,
10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 close together ;
6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
Type. JZ. cinerea, Pack.
Cinerea, Pack. (Lochmeeus), Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. iii,
p. 372, (1864) = Unicolor, Pack. (Lechmeus), 1. ¢.,
p. 873 (1864) = Marina, Pack. (Lochmeus), 1. ¢., p.
373 (1864) = Sobria, Walk. (Misogada), l.c., p. 450
(1865).
Notoplusia, gen. nov.
Antenne with short hairy pectinations for two-thirds of their
length. Palpi hairy, reaching vertex, Primaries : costa straight ;
outer margin slightly oblique: veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 5 from
close to upper angle of cell ; 6 from middle of areole; 7,8 and 10
from end of areole. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 froma point; 6 and
7 stalked.
Type, WV. clara, Cr.
Clara, Cr., Pap. Exot. iv, t. 311, B. (1782).
Revision of the American Not:dontide. 301
Dognina, gen, nov.
Antenne pectinated on basal half. Palpi hairy, short, third joint
very small. Legs hairy. Primaries slightly convex on costa ; outer
margin rounded and oblique ; anal angle bulged out ; inner margin
straight ; vein 5 from well above middle of discocellular ; areole long
and narrow ; vein 6 from beyond its middle ; 7 and 8 from a point
at end of areole; vein 10 from end of areole. Secondaries with the
costal margin straight, the apex very obtuse, outer margin slightly
rounded ; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. Dognina veltini, Dognin.
Veltini, Dogn. (Lirimiris), Le Naturaliste, p. 128 (1890),
Lep. de Loja, pl. 5, f 6.
ICHTHYOSOMA.
Ichthyosoma, Feld., Reise Nov., t. 97, f. 17 (1874).
Antenne pectinated on basal two-thirds. Palpi not extending
beyond frons; third joint minute. Legs hairy.- Primaries long
and narrow ; costal margin convex on outer half ; apex very acute ;
outer margin very oblique; veins 3 and 4 apart; 5 from above
middle of discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end
of areole. Secondaries short and broad; costal margin convex ;
outer margin rounded; veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 from a
point or on short stalk ; 8 diverging from 7 at middle of cell.
Type. J. tigniferum, Feld.
Tigniferum, Feld., 1. ¢.
Cassiope, Schs., P. Z.S., 1892, p. 341 = Phronima, Druce.
(Notodonta ?) Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 210
(1898).
HETEROCAMPA.
Heterocampa, Doubl., Ent., 1. ¢., 55 (1841).
Lochmeus, Doubl., |. c., p. 57 (1841).
Tadana, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 990 (1855).
Cecrita, Walk., 1. c., p. 992 (1855).
Luca, Walk., Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1, p. 256 (1862).
tobesa, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxii, p. 471 (1865).
Trichotis, Feld., Reise Nov., t. 97, f. 19 (1874).
Sevrodonta, Grote, List. Lep. N. A., p. 19 (1882).
Antennz pectinated but not to tips. Palpi short, hairy, hardly
extending beyond frons. Primaries: vein 5 from above middle of
discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole, which is long ; 7, 8, 10 from
302 Mr. W. Schaus’s
end of areole. Secondaries : apex rounded ; veins 3 and 4 apart ; 6
and 7 stalked ; 8 diverging from 7 at about middle of cell ; base of
secondaries below not very hairy.
Type. H. astarte, Doubl.
Astarte, Doubl., Ent., 1, p. 57, f. 12 = Varta, Walk, Ec.,
v, p. 1023 (1855) = Menas, Hurr. (Stauropus), Ent.
Corr., p. 134 (1869).
Manteo, Doub]. (Lochmeeus), Ent., 1, p. 58 (1841) = Cineras-
cens, Walk. (Tadana), l. c., v, p. 991 (1855) = Subalbi-
cans, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., ii, p. 336 (1863).
Biundata, Walk., l.c., v, p. 1025 (1855) = Olivata, Pack.
(Lochmeus), Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 11, p. 371 (1864) =
Semiplaga, Walk., Can. Nat. and Geol., vi, p. 37 (1861)
= Viridescens, Walk. (Stauropus), Cat. Lep. Het.,
B. M. xxxu, p. 416 (1865). See also Packard’s
Monograph Bombycine Moths.
Contracta, Walk. (Sorema), 1. c., v, p. 1065 (1855).
Externa, Walk. (Leptina ?), 1. c., xv, p. 1643 (1858); this
is a f, and I am not sure of its position.
Subguttata, Walk., |. c., v, p. 1025 (1855).
Guttivitta, Walk. (Cecrita), 1. c., v, 992 (1855) = Albiplaga,
Walk. (Cecrita), |. ¢., vii, 1748 (1856) = Mucorea, H.S.
(Drymonia), Ausser. Europ. Schmett., 1, f. 514 (1856)
= Indeterminata, Walk. (Drymonia), 1. ¢., xxx, 413
(1865).
Varia, Walk., l.c., v, 1023 (1855); possibly a large 2 of
HT, oblaqua, Pack.
Umbrata, Walk., l.c., v, p. 1028 (1855); the specimens
in the B. M. seem quite distinct from H. pulverea,
G. and R.
Iigneata, Walk. (Etobesa), 1. ¢., xxxu, p. 471 (1865) =
Aconthea, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., ii,
p. 458, t. 90, f. 24 (1898).
Herbida, Walk. (Luca), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) i, p. 256
(1862).
Obliqua, Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. i, p. 368 (1864).
Bilineata, Pack. (Cecrita?) lL. ¢., p.359 (1864); (Seirodonta),
Grote and Rob., List. Lep. N. A. (1882) = Turbida,
Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxx, 419 (1865) =
Associata, Walk. (Edema), l.c., p. 426 (1865).
Pulverea, G. and R., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1. ¢., 185, t, iv,
f. 32 (1867).
Cubana, Grote., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., v, p. 252, t. iv, fi 7
(1865).
Revision of the American Notodontide. 303
Belfragei, Grote., Can. Ent., xi, p. 209 (1879).
Subrotata, Harv., Bull. Buf. Soc., i, p. 263, t. xi, ff. 2, 4
(1874).
Picta, Feld. (Trichotis), Reise, Nov., t. 97, f. 19 (1874) =
Chapmani, Grote, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey,
vi, p. 258 (1891) ; undoubtedly Felder’s locality “ the
Amazons” is wrong; the basal lines in Picta are
slightly straighter than in Chapmani, but it is not
possible to differentiate the two types.
Nystalina, Feld. (Hemiceras), |. c., t. 97, f. 12 (1874).
Surinamensis, Moschl., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii,
p- 686, t. 10, f. 44 (1877).
Moéschlert, Nom. Nov.= Herlbida (preoccupied), Moéschl.,
Pep. 6386, t. 10, f. 45 (1877).
Stragula, Moschl., 1. c., xxxii, p. 342, t. 18, f. 30 (1883).
Muscosa, Moschl., 1. ¢., p. 343, t. 18, f. 31 (1883).
Cervina, Moschl., Abhandl. Senck. Ges., xiv, p. 35, f. 28
(1886).
Lunata, Hy. Edw., Papilio, iv, p. 44 (1884) = Plumosa, Hy.
Edw. (Lophodonta), Ent. Amer., 11, p. 14 (1886).
Hdwardsit, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., i, p. 237
(1887) = Muscosa, Hy. Edw. (preoccupied), Papilio, iv,
p. 79 (1884).
Dardania, Druce, |. ¢., p. 237, t. xxv, f. 4 (1887).
Sylla, Druce, |. ¢., t. xxv, f. 5 (1887).
Manethusa, Druce, |. c., t. xxv, f. 6 (1887).
Pincata, Drauce, |. c., p. 2388 = Satis, Druce, |. ¢., 11,
p. 457 (1898).
Splendens, Druce (Rhuda), |. ¢., 1, p. 247, t. xxv, f. 13
(1887).
Remuria, Druce (Cecrita), |. ¢., 1, p. 452, t. xc, f. 5 (1898).
Husebia, Druce, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v, p. 515
(1900).
Daona, Druce, 1. ¢. (6) xill, p. 357 (1894); Biol. Centr.
Amer. Lep. Het., 11, t. xc, f. 20.
Lloreda, Dogn. (Rhuda), Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xh, p. 26
(1897) = Amata, Druce, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7) vii, p. 75 (1901).
macce, ochs., P. Z. S., 1892, p. 333; Biol. Centr. Amer.
Lep. Het., ii, t. xci, f. 2.
Hertha, Schs., |. ¢., 1892, p. 334.
Atrax, Schs., |. c.. 1892, p. 335.
Virgea, Schs., 1. c., 1892, p. 334.
Epona, Schs., 1. c., 1892, p. 335.
304 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Cloelia, Schs. (Rifargia), |. c., 1892, p. 388.
Gelduba, Schs. (Rifargia), 1. c., 1892, p. 339; Biol. Centr.
Amer. Lep. Het., 1, t. xcui, f. 3.
Masta, Schs. (Rifargia), |. c., 1894, p. 241; Biol. Centr.
Amer. Lep. Het., u1,-t. xcui, f. 9.
Paranensis, Schs., |. ¢., p. 243.
Mephitis, Schs. (Lirimiris?), |. ¢, p. 242; Biol. Centr.
Amer. Lep. Het., 11, t. xcii, f. 5.
Corda, Druce, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii, p. 437
(1901). Not examined.
Tuna, sp. nov.
Semilunata, sp. nov.
Aroensis, sp. NOV.
Isidra, sp. nov.
JSamarcensis, Sp. NOV.
Vestona, sp. nov.
Discata, sp. nov.
Rascona, sp. nov.
Dwisa, sp. nov.
Heterocampa tuna.
Fore legs and palpi blackish-brown. Head and thorax pale buff,
somewhat mottled with reddish-brown. Abdomen greyish-brown.
Primaries : basal half and a shade beyond cell pale buff, irrorated
with brown below the cell ; a dark streak from near base of median
vein to near end of cell ; outer half of wing thickly irrorated with
reddish-brown ; some buff spots on costa ; a black streak from within
cell below subcostal vein to near apex, terminating in a black costal
spot ; a blackish shade near outer margin from inner margin to vein
3; traces of an interrupted, geminate brown outer line ; a sub-
terminal wavy black line ; a terminal black line interrupted by
the veins ; fringe reddish-brown. Secondaries dull greyish brown,
the fringe mottled with pale hairs.
Expanse 35 m.m,
Hab. CoLoMBIA.
In this species the palpi are longer and smoother, the
wings narrower than in typical Heterocampa.
Heterocampa semilunata, sp. nov.
Head and thorax grey. Abdomen light brown with a blackish
subdorsal tuft at the base. Primaries light grey ; some light rufous
shading at the base; a fine black streak below the median, and
another on the inner maryin ; the inner transverse line very fine
Revision of the American Notodontide. 305
and indistinct ; a fine brown streak at the end of the cell, and
starting from its lower end a large semilunate velvety-brown mark,
not extending above vein 4 ; a fine median dark grey angular line ;
three outer lines, wavy, and partly confluent, forming a darker
space between the costa and the semilunate mark ; a subterminal
wavy white shade ; an interrupted terminal brown line, Secondaries
entirely white.
Expanse 33 m.m,
Hab. Castro, Parana.
_ Heterocampa aroensis, sp. nov.
Head and thorax light reddish-brown ; the patagiz powdered with
white inthe 9. Abdomen light brown with a dark dorsal tuft at
the base. Primaries in the ¢ grey shaded with yellowish on the
inner and outer margins, below the median vein, and irregularly
between the veins on the outer portion of the wing; the veins
partly streaked with black, also fine black streaks between veins 2
and 3, 4 and 5, and 5 and 6 ; a few fine black streaks at the base of
the wing ; the inner line lunular; a median wavy line interrupted
towards the costa ; the outer line replaced by some irregular black
scales ; a greyish shade beyond the cell; asubapical wavy grey
shade. Secondaries white with the costa grey, and the inner margin
clothed with grey hairs. Q with the primaries more silvery-grey ;
no distinct transverse lines ; the veins only black at their extrem-
ities ; the intervenal lines heavier ; the subterminal brown shade
more pronounced and confluent with the streak between veins 2 and
3; a terminal fine brown line; the base of the fringe black.
Secondaries duller white, the margins greyish-brown,
Expanse ¢ 38m.m.; 9 46 mm.
Hab. ARoA, Venezuela.
FTeterocampa isidra, sp. nov.
Head and thorax mottled black and white scales. Abdomen grey.
Primaries white thinly speckled with black and orange scales ; an
oblique wavy dark line from costa near base to inner margin near
centre ; traces of an outer, geminate, orange line from the costa to
anal angle ; a faint dark median shade ; a subterminal dark shade,
absent below vein 2 and between veins 3 and 4; a terminal blackish
shade, and a more distinct terminal line interrupted by the veins;
fringe mottled white and black ; a small black crescent at end of
cell. Secondaries white thickly speckled with black scales, leaving
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART II. (SEPT.) 21
306 Mr. W. Schaus’s
traces of a white median line ; a dark terminal line ; fringe as on
primaries.
Expanse 9 45 m.m.
Hab. ORIZABA, Mexico.
Feterocampa jamaicensis, sp. nov.
. Head and thorax light green, posteriorly with fawn-colour tufts.
Abdomen brown, fawn-colour on last segment. Primaries light
green; the veins streaked with black at their extremities ; the
lines reddish-brown, fine, geminate, indistinct, wavy; the discal
spot large, fawn-colour ; two geminate lines on costa above discal
spot; the outer line followed by a fine dark shade; a wavy reddish-
brown subterminal shade not extending below vein 3; a terminal
black line, fringe reddish. Secondaries green on costa with traces
of geminate, dark median and outer lines; the outer margin
broadly brown; the base fawn-colour; a terminal black line ;
fringe as on primaries.
Expanse 50 m.m.
Hab. Jamaica, B. W. I.
Heterocampa vestona, sp. nov.
@. Head and collar fawn-colour. Thorax greyish-green. Abdomen
with some darker dorsal tufts. Primaries dark green speckled
with black ; basal, and inner, geminate, transverse darker lines
very indistinct; a fine line in the cell surrounded by lighter
green; the outer line most distinct, dark, lunular, with minute
white specks on the veins on either side of it; a subterminal row
of small brown dashes; a terminal pale green line outwardly
edged with black. Secondaries greyish-brown ; a terminal dark line
spotted with yellow on the tips of the veins.
Expanse 45 m.m.
Hab. OR1ZABA, Mexico.
Allied to Viridescens, Walk., but quite distinct.
Heterocampa discata, sp. nov.
Antennz with basal half pectinated. Head and thorax dark
green. Abdomen brownish above, greyish below. Primaries dark»
moss-green ; an angular inner, and outer greyish line, the former
whitish on the inner margin, the latter marked by white points on
the veins ; a subterminal, indistinct, blackish shade and some black
scales on the tips of the veins ; a large white spot at the end of the
Revision of the American Notodontide. 307
cell, surmounted by a smaller white spot on the costal margin.
Secondaries white ; yellow hairs on the inner margin ; the costal
margin moss-green ; a terminal brownish line. The discal spot
sometimes tinged with roseate.
Expanse 37 m.m.
Hab. CAstTrRo, Parana.
Heterocampa rascona, sp. nov.
2. Body dark grey. Primaries brownish speckled with black ;
a large greyish space at the base on the inner margin, and about the
anal angle ; two superposed black points in the cell, surrounded by
pale buff ; the basal line, fine, black ; the inner line black, geminate,
irregular and indistinct ; the outer line black, lunular, followed by
some white points on the veins, not extending to costa ; a subter-
minal darker shade ; some terminal black points between the veins ;
the fringe spotted with black at the ends of the veins. Secondaries
brown, the fringe slightly paler.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab. ORIZABA, Mexico.
Heterocampa divisa, sp. nov.
6. Body brown, the thorax mottled with black. Primaries with a
little more than the basal half dark slaty-grey, crossed by some pale
shades, and outwardly by a reddish-brown median line ; a light grey
patch on inner margin beyond the basal line, which is reddish-
brown and indistinct ; the outer portion of the wing light brown,
darker at the end of the cell; the outer line fine darker brown,
followed by some darker shades; a subterminal irregular row of
distinct black spots, followed by a wavy indistinct pale line ; some
small blackish spots at the ends of the veins. Secondaries whitish,
the veins and margins brownish, a geminate brown spot at anal
angle. Veins 3 and 4 on secondaries stalked.
Expanse 49 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO.
Malocampa, gen. nov.
Antenne of male with basal half pectinated. Palpi extending
slightly beyond frons; second joint hairy ; third joint minute.
Legs very hairy ; tarsi smooth. Primaries long and narrow ; apex
rounded ; outer margin rounded, oblique; vein 5 from above
middle of discocellular; 6 from centre of areole, which is long
308 | Mr. W. Schaus’s
-and narrow, 7, 8, 10, from end of areole. Secondaries: costal
margin convex; underneath thickly scaled below costa at base ;
veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 from a point or short stalk.
Type. I. punctata, Cr.
Punctata, Cr., Pap. Exot., 1v, +. 307,-% Wietigee
Bifurcata, Sepp. (Bombyx) Surin, Viind., 1. t. 13
(1830).
Sida, Schs. (Blera), P. Z.S., 1892, p. 333.
Bolwwari, Schs. (Blera), |. c., 1894, p. 243.
Albolineata, Druce (Lirimiris): Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep.
Het., i, p. 245, t. xxv, f. 10 (1887).
Argentata, Druce (Heterocampa), Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) xv; ps 49 (1895); B..G. A; 1, t., xe; LAS:
Danala, Druce (Dasylophia ?), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)
xili, p.357 (1894); B. C. A., uu, p. 467 (Nystalea), t.
went, Ld:
2 Amphissa, Druce (Phalera), PZ. 8., 1890, p. 509.
? Tharis, Stoll (Bombyx) Pap. Exot., iv, t. 308 D. (1782).
2 Ziliante, Stoll (Bombyx) g ot 384 C. (1782).
Sidoides, Schs., sp. nov.
Obscura, Schs., sp. nov.
Malocampa sidoides, sp. nov.
Body dark grey; abdomen below whitish. Primaries grey along
costal and inner margins, otherwise brownish ; the veins speckled
with black and white ; a black point at the base ; a black spot at
anal angle; a faint trace of a darker geminate inner line; the
outer line only visible on costa and there followed by four dark
points. Secondaries whitish ; the ends of veins brownish ; a terminal
brown line; fringe white; some pale yellowish hairs along inner
margin.
Expanse 38 m.m.
Hab. ARoA, Venezuela.
Malocampa obscura.
Body brown. Primaries: a reddish-brown basal space, followed
by a violaceous-brown space to outer line; an oblique olivaceous
shade from costa at one-third from base to middle of inner margin ;
this shade is cut by an interrupted blackish line ; a large round
olivaceous discal spot ; the outer line blackish, dentate, geminate,
the inner portion crossing the dark space ; marginal space lighter
brown, shaded with olivaceous on costa before apex, and at inner
Revision of the American Notodontide. 309
angle ; an indistinct subterminal line. Secondaries brown ; at anal
angle a pale spot edged above and below with black. Underneath
brown, the inner area of secondaries yellowish.
Expanse 49 m.m.
Hab, COLOMBIA.
Allied to JZ. danala, Druce.
MAGAVA.
Magava, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxii, p. 503 (1865).
Antenne serrate fasciculate, the fascicles long on basal half. Palpi
ascending beyond frons ; the second joint hairy, the third minute.
Primaries as in Malocampa, neuration similar. Secondaries broader ;
long hairs on inner margin ; the base of secondaries underneath not
m
hairy ; veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 diverging from 7
just beyond centre of cell. .
Type of Genus. IZ. multilinea, Walk.
Multilinea, Walk., |. c. (1865); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep.
Her, 1,4. xc, £. 16.
Marginata, Schs., sp. nov.
Magava marginata, sp. nov.
Palpi, head, and thorax laterally and posteriorly light grey ;
thorax otherwise and collar reddish-brown. Primaries white thinly
irrorated with reddish scales, the outer margin thickly irrorated ;
some black specks along. the inner margin ; a black, geminate, basal
line oblique from costa to inner margin ; a fine, median, oblique
black line, geminate on costa and inner margin ; a heavy black
geminate line from near costa before apex, inwardly curved to inner
angle, this line confining the darker outer margin ; a fine, angular,
terminal black line ; the commencement of a subterminal line
before apex. Secondaries white finely irrorated with reddish-brown ;
a long cluster of reddish-brown hairs on inner margin.
Expanse 46 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO.
RHUDA.
fthuda, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xi, p. 621 (1857).
Antenne fasciculate in male on basal half, the fascicles short.
Palpi extending slightly beyond frons ; second joint hairy; third
minute ; head with diffuse tufts. Legs hairy; tarsi smooth.
310 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Primaries ; the outer margin crenulate: vein 5 well above centre
of discocellular ; 6 from centre of areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole,
which is long and narrow. Secondaries not very hairy at base
underneath ; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 from a point or shortly
stalked ; vein 8 close to 7 to end of cell.
Type. &. focula, Cr.
Focula, Cr. (Noctua), Pap. Exot., iv, t. 388, G. H. (1782)
= basifera, Walk. (Rhuda), Cat. Lep. Het. B. M.
xi, p. 621 (1857)... -
Diffusum, Feld. (Orthosoma), Reise, Nov., t. 97, f. 18
(1874). 3
Endymion, Schs., P. Z. 8S. (1892), p. 340.
Procas, Druce (Drymonia), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)
x1ll, p. 358 (1894).
Gisara, gen. Nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi very long, upturned ; third joint
nearly so long as second, the latter hairy, the former smooth, Legs
shightly hairy. Abdomen long and stout. Primaries broad ; the
outer margin slightly crenulate ; vein 5 from above middle of dis-
cocellular ; 6 from about middle of areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end of
areole. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 on short
stalk.
Type. G. procne, Schs.
Procne, Schs. (Symmerista), P. Z. S., 1892, p. 336 =
Sambana, Druce (Nystalea), Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. (6) xv, p. 50 (1895); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep.
Het.,.ai, ta xeu, 1. 13.
Tonia, Druce (Heterocampa), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
v, p. 515 (1900).
Boriza, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate in the ¢. Palpi short, porrect ; third joint
minute, conical. A small frontal tuft. Abdomen long, stout.
Wings shorter and broader than in Dicentria, H. 8. Primaries :
areole long; vein 6 from areole; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole.
Secondaries : veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
Type. B. crossea, Druce. :
Crossea, Druce (Heterocampa?), Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. (6) xii, p. 8357 (1894); Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep.
Hetan xe 124.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 311
BLERA.
Blera, Walk., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. (3) 1, p. 255 (1862).
Antenne fasciculate in male, the fascicles short. Palpi extending
slightly beyond frons, hairy, the third joint minute. Head tufted.
Legs hairy. Primaries: the costal margin slightly convex before
apex, which is acute ; the outer margin rounded, oblique ; vein 5
from well above centre of discocellular ; 6 from centre of areole ; 7,
8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: costal margin straight at
base ; somewhat hairy underneath at base of vein 8, which runs
close to 7 to end of cell; veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7
stalked.
Type. B. politia, Cr.
Politia. Cr., Pap. Exot., iv, 309, F. (1782) = Ceruroides,
Walk. (Blera), l. c., p. 256 (1862).
Tenis, Schs. (Harpyia?), P. Z 8., 1892, p. 336; Biol.
Cent. Amer. Lep. Het., 11, t. xci, ff 16, 18.
Arecosa, Druce (Nystalea), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
fo 145° (1393); B. ©. A., Lep. Het., u, t. xcu, fi 8,
I have not seen this species, but judge from the figure
that it belongs here.
Rogenhofert, Nom. Nov. = Politia (Sericochroa), Feld.
Reise, Nov., t. 97, f. 21 (1874).
CHADISRA.
Chadisra, Walk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1, p. 81 (1862).
Antenne fasciculate in male. Palpi: second joint hairy in male ;
third joint minute. Primaries: apex rounded ; vein 5 from above
middle of discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end
of areole. Secondaries : veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near
end of cell.
Type. C. bipars, Walk.
Bipars, Walk., |. c., p. 82 (1862), from Ceylon.
Perilleus, Schs. (Heterocampa), P. Z. S., 1892, p. 335.
Varona, Schs, sp. nov.
Zabena, Schs., sp. nov.
Batama, Schs., sp. nov.
Torresi, Dogn. (Xylophasia), Le Naturaliste, 1889, p.
82; Lep. de Loja, Pl. 6, f. 5. This is possibly the ?
of C. perilleus, Schs., and would have priority.
312 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Chadisra varona, sp. Nov.
Head and thorax greenish-fawn colour, Collar and patagize white.
Abdomen brown, the last segment whitish with a dorsal black line.
Primaries with the base pure white, followed by a broad dark olive-
green band, widest on costa and inner margin; this band inwardly
bordered with black and the median and submedian veins black
where crossing it ; wing otherwise white thickly speckled with fawn-
colour scales showing an indistinct fine inner, and an outer line ; on
costa before apex a triangular dark olive-green spot, two of its angles
spotted with black ; fringe whitish with the base olive-green ; a fine
crescent-shaped black line in the cell. Secondaries brownish-black ;
the fringe fawn-colour.
Hab. Castro, Parana.
Chadisra zabena, sp. nov.
Q. Head and thorax grey, abdomen light brown with a dorsal
dark tuft at base and a fine dark line dorsally on last segment.
Primaries brown slightly tinged with violaceous-grey ; some white
scales along inner margin; the outer margin from angle to vein 4
white speckled with black ; a long white spot on costa before apex,
containing four dark costal spots as in C. batama, this spot bordered
with darker brown and followed below apex by two velvety-brown
streaks ; similar dark streaks at anal angle below and above the
submedian vein ; faint traces of darker geminate, inner, median and
outer lines ; a terminal lunular black line ; fringe grey spotted with
brown ; the fringe darkest towards apex. Secondaries dark brown,
paler at base and a median indistinct pale line most visible under-
neath ; fringe fawn-colour; some white and black clusters of scales
about anal angle. Underneath brown the costa of primaries with
four white spots beyond middle.
Expanse 47 m.m.
Hab. ORIZABA, Mexico.
Chadisra batama, sp. nov.
d. Head and thorax grey; tips of patagiz black. Abdomen
brown ; anus grey. Primaries whitish at the base and above the
angle; a long white spot on the costa from above end of cell to apex,
containing four black spots on extreme costal margin ; an oblique
black streak at the base; cell and outer margin below apex brownish ; —
an inner, indistinct, geminate line ; a transverse very dark median
shade not reaching the inner margin and containing in cell a paler
Revision of the American Notodontide. 313
spot ; the outer, geminate, dark line only visible between veins 4-7 ;
the apical white spot posteriorly margined with black ; a terminal
black line ; a black streak on basal half of inner margin ; the sub-
median and vein 2 tipped with black; the other veins less so.
Secondaries yellowish white towards base ; brownish otherwise ; the
fringe yellowish ; some white and black scales at anal angle. Under-
neath white, the costal and outer margin broadly blackish.
Expanse 36 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO.
Veins 3 and 4 on primaries apart.
Rincodes, gen. nov.
Neuration as in Talmenia, Mésch]. Antenne finely serrate. Palpi
upturned reaching above head ; second joint long, deeply fringed ;
third joint small, smooth. Abdomen with long tuft of scales.
Type &. minuta, Druce.
Minuta, Druce (Crinodes), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
v, p- 516 (1900). This is possibly the species figured
in Cramer, vol. iv, t. cccc, fig. L., as Clara ; itis not the
same as the Clara figured on t. cccxi, and which is
quoted under WVotoplusia.
TALMENIA.
Talmenia, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxil, p.
345 (1883).
Antenne fasciculate, the fascicles short. Palpi porrect, slight,
thinly haired ; third joint minute. Primaries: the outer margin
‘oblique, rounded between veins 3 and 4; vein 5 from middle of
discocellular ; 6 from centre of areole ; 7 and 8 from end of areole;
10 from before its end. Secondaries : costal margin convex on basal
half ; apex somewhat acute ; veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7
stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
Type. 7’. arsilonchoides, Moschl.
Arsilonchoides, Moschl.,, 1. c., p. 346, t. 18, f. 34 (1883).
OPHITIS.
Ophitis, Feld., Reise Nov., t, 97, f. 10 (1874).
Antennx fasciculate. Palpi extending slightly beyond frons ;
second joint long, third very short. Primaries: outer margin
rounded, slightly oblique, crenulate ; inner angle hardly rounded ;
314 Mr. W. Schaus’s
vein 5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole ;
7, 8, 10 from end of areole; 3 and 4 apart. Secondaries: vein 8
close to 7 to end of cell; 3 and 4 slightly apart ; 6 and 7 on short
stalk.
Type. Ophitis magnaria, Feld.
Magnaria, Feld., 1. ¢.
Meragisa, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate, the fascicles short. Palpi extending beyond
frons, ascending; the second joint hairy; the third joint minute.
Legs hairy. Head without tuft. Primaries: costal margin slightly
convex ; outer margin broad ; convex ; the inner angle somewhat
rounded ; vein 5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6 from middle
of areole ; 7, 8,10 from end of areole. Secondaries rather long ; the
base of costa convex ; apex, outer margin and anal angle rounded ;
veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to end of cell.
Type. M. valdiviesoi, Dogn.
Valdiviesot, Dogn. (Orthosoma), Le Naturaliste, 1890,
p- 193; Lep. de Loja, pl. 5, f. 8.
LIimosa, Schs. (Heterocampa), P. Z. S., 1892, p. 344.
Marcata, Dogn. (Symmerista), Le Naturaliste, 1889, p. 82;
Lep. de Loja, pl. 5, f. 10.
Pallida, Schs., sp. nov.
Politioides, Schs., sp. nov.
Sidata, Schs., sp. nov.
Meragisa pallida, sp. nov.
Head and thorax whitish-grey; abdomen darker. Primaries
white thinly speckled with black scales ; an oblique black line from
costa to middle of inner margin, geminate on costa and on inner
margin ; an outer wavy, geminate, black line from costa near apex
to inner angle; a terminal irregular black line and some black scales
on either side of the tips of veins. Secondaries greyish, paler to-
wards the inner margin and a faint trace of an outer line especially
towards the anal angle.
Expanse 45 m.m.
Hab, Castro, Parana.
Meragisa politiordes, sp. nov.
Head and thorax grey. Abdomen darker above tinged with yellow
towards base; underneath yellow. Primaries light grey speckled
Revision of the American Notodontide. 315
with brown and black scales; a basal, an oblique inner, and an
irregular outer, geminate line, the lines black filled in with yellow
scales ; a terminal irregular black line inwardly shaded with yellow,
and some yellow scales on the tips of the veins. Secondaries blackish ;
yellow at the base. Underneath the primaries are blackish; the apex
outer and inner margins yellowish ; the secondaries yellowish-grey
with a broad subterminal black band.
Expanse 44 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO and CoATEPEC, Mexico.
This is the species referred to in the Bivlogia as 8.
politia, Cr.
Meragisa sidata.
Body grey. Primaries thickly irrorated with grey and buff scales,
darker than EH. politioides, Schs. ; a dark grey inner line, geminate,
outwardly oblique from costa to median vein; a minute discal
streak, above which is an oblique costal streak; outer line fine,
dark, dentate, geminate on costa, suffusing below vein 3 with the
subterminal which consists of geminate black lunules separated by
greenish-buff ; these lunules are oblique from costa before apex to
vein 4, and below vein 4 they are closer to the outer margin ; some
terminal outwardly curved black lunules, preceded by black marks
below each vein ; fringe yellow. Secondaries dull brown ; fringe
yellow. Underneath dull brown ; a terminal dark line on primaries.
Expanse 49 m.m.
Hab. MeRipA, Venezuela.
PHASTIA.
Phastia, Walk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1, p. 258 (1862).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi slender, porrect, slightly hairy ;
third joint one-third the length of second. Primaries: costa convex ;
outer margin and inner angle rounded, only slightly oblique ; vein
5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole ;
7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries long, not very broad ; the
costal margin straight ; veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to end
of cell.
Type. Phastia basalis, Walk.
Basalis, Walk., |. c. (1862).
Alcimede, Druce (Oedemasia ?), P. Z.8., 1890, p. 510; Biol.
Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 11, t. xe, fi 2.
Duronia. Druce (Oedemasia), 1. c., p. 453, t. xe, f 3
(1898).
316 Mr. W. Schaus’s
EUXOGA.
Euxoga, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii, p. 692
(1878). :
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi extending beyond frons, thickly
haired, smooth; the third joint more than half as long as second.
Primaries broad; costal margin straight; apex not acute; outer
margin concave to vein 3, then oblique; the inner angle oblique ;
vein 5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6 from middle of areole ;
7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a
point; 6 and 7 on short stalk ; 8 diverging from 7 at middle of
cell.
Type. £. argenteo punctata, Moschl.
Argentco punctata, Mosch., 1. c., t. x, f. 50 (1878).
Goaxis, gen. nov.
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi extending beyond frons; second
joint long, third short. Legs smooth. Primaries broad; outer
margin crenulate, excavated between veins 3-6, oblique below vein
3; vein 5 from above middle of discocellular; 6 from centre of
areole; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4
from a point; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 diverging from 7 at middle of
cell.
Type. G. singularis, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 13.
Goaxis singularis.
Head and thorax greyish. Abdomen brown. Primaries brown ;
a buff space from inner margin near base, obliquely to almost the
middle of costal margin ; this space outwardly shaded with reddish-
brown, irrorated with darker scales, and followed from inner margin
to subcostal vein by a blackish brown space crossed by a pale ante-
medial line, which does not extend into the cell ; the discocellular
broadly brown edged on either side by a whitish line ; beyond the
cell a dark angular line, followed by a geminate lunular brown line,
filled in with buff ;. veins black towards apex ; an apical buff shade ; —
a subterminal black shade from just below apex to vein 3; a
marginal row of small reddish-brown spots between the veins.
Secondaries dark brown ; fringe terminally white.
Expanse 30 m.m.
Hab. PETROPOLIS, Brazil.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 317
MASCHANE.
Maschane, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxvii, p. 2 (1863).
Antenne fasciculate.- Primaries: costal margin very convex to
beyond middle ; apex acute ; outer margin rounded, very oblique ;
vein 5 from-near upper angle of cell; 6 from middle of areole ; 7
and 8 from a point ; 10 from before end of areole. Secondaries :
veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. I. erratipennis, Walk.
Erratipennis, Walk., |. ¢., p. 3.
Simplex, Walk. (M.), 1. c., p. 3.
RIFARGIA.
Rifargia, Walk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1, p. 258
(1862).
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi extending slightly beyond frons;
second joint hairy, third minute. Legs hairy. Abdomen long,
stout. Primaries: apex rounded ; outer margin rounded, oblique ;
inner margin straight ; vein 5 from just above middle of discocel-
lular ; 6 from middle of areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole. Second-
aries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 on short stalk ; 8 diverging
from 7 at middle of cell ; base of wing underneath hairy.
Type. 2. wylinoides, Walk.
Aylinoides, Walk., 1. c., p. 259 (1862).
Moha, Dogn., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xi, p. 27 (1897).
Causia, Schs. (Blera), P. Z. S., 1892, p. 332.
Branca, Sch. (Blera), |. c., p. 333.
Apella, Schs. (Blera), 1. ¢., p. 333.
Myconos, Schs. (Symmerista), 1. c.,-p. 336.
Tethys, Sch. (Symmerista), |. c., p. 336.
Distinguenda, Walk. (Acronycta), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M.
ix, p. 63 (1856) = Dubia, Moschl. (Symmerista), Verh.
Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii, p. 689 (1877).
Mus, Moschl. (Symmerista), 1. ¢, p, 689, t. x, f. 47
(1877).
? Brunnea, Moschl. (Symmerista), 1. ¢., p. 690, t. x, f. 48
(1877).
Inneata, Druce (Symmerista), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep.
Het., 1, p. 240, t. xxv, f. 11 (1887).
Bichorda, Hamps. (Heterocampa), Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7) vol. vii, p. 251 (1901).
Felderi, Schs., sp. nov.
318 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Collema, Schs., sp. nov.
Grisea, Schs., sp. nov.
Cassandra, Schs., sp. nov.
Nubila, Druce, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii, p.
437 (1901).
hifargia felderi, sp. nov.
Head and thorax white with a few black scales; a transverse
black line on collar, and a longitudinal black line on patagie,
Primaries white with a few scattered black scales ; a fine geminate
black inner line, inwardly oblique from costal to subcostal, then
outwardly curving to submedian with another short curve below it ;
this line joined on subcostal by a geminate line from the base ; at
end of cell geminate lines connected on median by a black line and .
also on subcostal by two oblique lines from costa ; the outer line
wavy, geminate, followed on inner margin by a black spot ; terminal
line fine indistinct, lunular towards anal angle ; between vein 4 and
apex some subterminal brownish shadings. Secondaries white ; a
small dark spot at anal angle.
Expanse 38 m.m.
Hab. PERU.
Rifargia collema.
Head and collar grey mottled with brown. Thorax brown ; the
patagie grey mottled with white. Abdomen brown. Primaries
white irrorated with grey, and shaded with brown below the median
vein ; a geminate basal costal streak ; an antemedial, geminate,
wavy, dark brown line, filled in with lighter brown; a whitish
lunular discal spot; two median dark streaks on costa; an outer
geminate, wavy line, the inner part black, the outer part brown, less
heavily marked ; the outer line followed below costa by two velvety-
black spots, and by three less conspicuous spots below and above
vein 2, and between veins 3 and 4; a subterminal black line, nearly
straight from costa to vein 3, then forming three curves to inner
angle ; terminal dark shades at veins; fringe grey. Secondaries
whitish ; the outer margin broadly black ; some terminal white
shades between the veins; fringe white.
Expanse 39 m.m.
Hab, COLOMBIA.
hifargia grisea.
Head and collar brown. Thorax grey. Abdomen buff at base,
then brown ; the last two segments dorsally white irrorated with
Revision of the American Notodontide. 319
brown scales, Primaries silvery-grey; the costa shaded and spotted
with brown ; a small black mark at the base ; an inner dark brown,
geminate, line ; a broad outer transverse brown band, preceded by
velvety-black spots above and below vein 2, and also between veins
4 and 5, and 5 and 6; a terminal brown line preceded by an inter-
rupted blackish line ; fringe white spotted with brown. Secondaries:
the inner area whitish, the veins dark ; a broad marginal dark grey
shade narrowing at anal angle ; the extreme margin mottled with
white between the veins ; fringe white. In the females the second-
aries are darker ; the inner area somewhat tinged with buff. Under-
neath the female is black ; the costa near apex spotted with white ;
on the secondaries a whitish shade from middle of costa to anal
angle.
Expanse ¢ 40 m.m.; 9 43 m.m.
Hab. COLOMBIA.
Lifargia cassandra.
Body dark grey, the collar shaded with reddish-brown. Primaries
white irrorated with grey and pale brown ; veins 2-10 with inter-
rupted black streaks ; traces of a basal, and a geminate inner, trans-
verse grey line ; a large reddish-brown spot at end of cell, containing
a darker line, and preceded and followed by a dark streak which
reaches costa; a subterminal whitish shade, outwardly shaded with
reddish-brown above vein 4; a dark lunate terminal line ; fringe
greyish, spotted with dark brown at ends of veins. Secondaries
white ; a terminal dark grey line ; some dark hairs on inner margin ;
fringe white. St) set
Expanse 44 m.m.
Hab. MERIDA, Venezuela.
Afilia, gen. nov.
¢ Antenne finely pectinated ; in the 2 simple. Palpi minute.
Primaries long and narrow, the inner angle rounded ; no accessory
cell ; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell, 6-10 stalked. Second-
aries : veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from a point ;
8 diverging from cell at a third from base; the costal margin
straight.
Type. A. cinerea, Schs.
Cinerea, Schs., sp. nov. = Cerura cinerea, Druce (Nee.
Walk.), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 1, p. 241 (quoted).
ein i.e
7 320 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Afilia cinerea, sp. nov.
Head and thorax grey, abdomen reddish-brown. Primaries grey,
finely speckled with black ; a fine black basal line angled at sub-
costal vein ; a median wavy black line not reaching the submedian ;
a lunular black line at the end of the cell ; an outer, indistinct, red-
dish shade followed by some irregular blackish shades ; a distinct
wavy subterminal black line ; a terminal black line ; fringe reddish-
brown, Secondaries sordid white in the ¢, greyish-brown in the
?, with the base whitish.
Expanse ¢ 33 m.m.; ? 40 m.m.
Hab. ORIZABA, GUADALAJARA, Mexico.
The markings in the 2? are more distinct than in the
d,and a female from Las Vigas on the Cofre de Perote has
the space from basal to median lines filled in with reddish
brown.
LOBEZA.
Lobeza, H. §., Ausser.-Europ. Schmetzé., 1, p. 11 (1854).
Dukinfieldia, Schs., P. Z. 8., 1894, p. 234.
Antenne shortly pectinated to tips. Palpi, short hairy, upturned,
not extending beyond frons. Legs hairy. Abdomen long, stout,
tufted laterally. Primaries convex before apex; outer margin
rounded, oblique; vein 5 from centre of areole; 6 from upper
angle of cell ; 7-10 stalked ; 10 from beyond 7. Secondaries: veins
3 and 4 close together ; 6 and 7 from a point or shortly stalked ; 8
connected to 7 at middle of cell by a bar.
‘Type. L. aglone, . 8.
Aglone, H.S., 1. ¢., £ 85 (1854). «
Lateralis, Walk. (Cossus), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. vii, p. 520
(1856).
Favilla, Dogn., Le Naturaliste, p. 33, 1892; Lep. de Loja,
ph oot a0.
Suprema, Schs. (Dukinfieldia), P. Z. $., 1894, p. 234.
Dentilinea, Schs., sp. nov.
Lobeza dentulinea, sp. nov.
Head and thorax above grey. Abdomen above blackish-grey,
underneath with deep yellow transverse lines and lateral yellow
tufts. Thorax below yellow centrally, laterally black. Primaries
grey ; an inner oblique line slightly dentate on costa, then wavy,
nearer the base on the costa than on the inner margin ; an outer very
Revision of the American Notodontide. 321
dentate transverse line ; both lines and a transverse line at the end
of the cell reddish-brown. Secondaries blackish-grey, paler along
the outer margin; fringe light grey. Underneath the wings are
blackish-grey.
Expanse 66 m.m.
Hab. SAo Pauto, S.E. Brazil.
Lobeza dukinfieldia. Larva.
Length 70 m.m. Head black. Second segment somewhat con-
tracted ; a black transverse band, divided subdorsally. Body yellow.
Third and fourth segments with transverse red bands centrally, a
narrower red band posteriorly, and a red line anteriorly interrupted
laterally. From segment five a subdorsal red line ; broad red trans-
verse bands between the segments ; centrally on each segment are
irregular red bands, contracted laterally, and widening on dorsum
where it is connected to subdorsal line by a short red streak. Under-
neath red, the prolegs and abdominal legs tipped with black ; gemi-
nate yellow streaks anteriorly on segments 7-11. Described from a
Specimen in spirits.
Lusura.
Lusura, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1067 (1855).
ejama, Walk., |. c., p. 1077 (1855).
Antennze pectinated to tips. Palpi long, especially the second
joint. Areole absent. Primaries: apex rounded; outer margin
rounded, oblique ; vein 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6 from upper
angle of cell ; 7-10 stalked ; vein 10 from beyond 7. Secondaries :
veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. L. discalis, Walk.
Discalis, Walk., 1. c., p. 1067.
Chera, Stoll. (Noctua), Pap. Exot., iv, t. 308, E. (1782) =
Megalops, Sepp. (Bombyx), Surin. Vlind., i, t. 24
(1848) = Simos, Walk. (Tifama), 1. c., p. 1078, n. 1
(1855).
Altrix, Stoll. Pe te l. c, t. 307, E. (1782); Felder,
Reise Nov, t. 98, f. 6
GLUPHISIA.
Giuphisia, Boisd., Ind. Meth., 56 (1829).
Male antennze pectinated to tips; female simple. Palpi short,
hairy. Primaries: vein 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6 from
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART Il. (SEPT.) 22
322 Mr. W. Schaus’s
upper angle of cell ; 7-10 stalked, 10 from beyond 7, Secondaries :
veins 3 and 4 well apart; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 close to 7 to end of
cell.
Type of genus. G. crenata, Esper., from Europe.
Crenata, Esper. (Bombyx), Schmett., iti, p. 245, t. 47, ff. 3,
4 (1785).
Lintneri, Grote, Can. Ent., ix, p. 85 (1877).
Severa, Edw., Ent. Amer., ii, p. 167 (1886).
Septentrwmis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M. v, p. 1038
(1855).
Wrightu, H. Edw., Ent. Amer., 11, p. 11 (1886).
For synonymy of American species see Packard’s Mono-
graph of American Bombycine Moths.
NAGIDUSA.
Nagidusa, Walk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) i, p. 257
(1862).
Q. Antenne simple, Head with slight tuft. Primaries long,
narrow ; apex acute; outer margin oblique, slightly rounded ; no
accessory cell; vein 5 from above middle of discocellular ; 6-10
stalked ; 10 from before 7. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6
and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
Type of genus. WV. aylocampordes, Walk.
Xylocampoides, Walk., |. c. (1862). T. xu, f. 2.
Exyra, Druce (Heterocampa), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7), vii, p. 76 (1901).
Conescens, Schs., sp. nov.
Nagidusa cinescens.
Head and thorax grey. Abdomen brownish-grey. Primaries
grey ; a dark line from base of median vein to submedian vein at
antemedial line, which is wavy, geminate, black ; the postmedial
geminate, very indistinct ; a dark discocellular line; the subterminal
consisting of an indistinct shade, angular below vein 2, and replaced
towards costa by blackish streaks on and between the veins ; some
dark spots on costa beyond middle ; a terminal dark grey line ;
fringe grey spotted with black at veins. Secondaries smoky-grey ;
an outer whitish line; a terminal dark grey line; fringe whitish
spotted with grey.
Expanse 47 m.m.
Hab, ORIZABA, Mexico.
wy)
Revision of the American Notodontide. 32
ELLIDA.
Hlida, Grote, Can. Ent. vii, p. 125 (1876).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi short, hardly extending
beyond frons. Wings long and narrow. Primaries: vein 5 from
middle of discocellular ; 6-10 stalked, 10 from before 7. Secondaries :
veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to end of
cell.
Type of Genus. £. caniplaga, Walk.
Caniplaga, Walk. (Cymatophora), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. ix,
p. 18 (1856) =transversata, Walk. (Edema), |. c., xxxu,
p. 427 (1865) = Gelida, Grote, |. c., p. 126 (1876).
MACRUROCAMPA.
Macrurocampa, Dyar., Ent. News., iv, p. 34 (1893).
Antenne pectinated, but not to tips. Palpi porrect, hairy,
extending slightly beyond frons. Legs hairy. Primaries: vein 5
from about middle of discocellular ; 6-10 stalked, 10 from before 7.
Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and7 stalked ; 8 diverg-
ing from 7 a little before end of cell.
Type of Genus. MZ. marthesia, Cr.
Marthesia, Cr. (Noctua), Pap. Exot., iii, pl. 264, f. B. (1779)
=tesella, Pack. (Lochmeeus), Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 11.
p. 370 (1864)= Turbida, Walk. (Cerura), Cat. Lep.
Het., B. M. xxxu, p. 407 (1865)=Hlongata, Grote
and Rob. (Heterocampa), Trans. Ent. Soc. Phil., i, p.
184 (1867).
Amazonica, Butl. (Symmerista), Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) u, p.
£7f (1878).
HARPYIA.
Harpyia, Ochs., Schmett., Eur., in, 19 (1810).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Primaries: vein 5 from middle of
discocellular ; 6 from upper angle or stalked close to it ; veins 7-10
stalked, 10 from before 7. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 from a point ;
6 and 7 on long stalk.
Type of Genus. HH. bicuspis, Borkh., from Europe.
Bicuspis, Borkh. (Bombyx), Eur. Schmett., iii, p. 380 (1790).
Borealis, Boisd. (Dicranoura), Guér., Icon, R. Anim., t. 88,
f. 5 (1829).
Scolopendrina, Bdv., Lep. de la Cal., p. 86 (1869).
324 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Cinerea, Walk. (Cerura), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxii, p. 407
(1865). For complete synonymy see Packard’s Mono-
graph of American Bombycine Moths.
Notela, gen. nov,
Palpi short. g¢ Antenne pectinated ; in the 9 simple. A high
frontal tuft in the 2. Primaries with costal margin convex towards
apex ; outer margin oblique, somewhat rounded in the ? ; no
accessory cell. Veins 3 and 4 well apart, 6 from upper angle of
cell; 7-10 stalked, 10 from lower on stalk than 7. Secondaries
with veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 on short stalk ; 8 close to
7 to near end of cell.
Type. WV. jaliscana, Schs.
Jaliscana, Schs., sp. nov. t. xu, f. 3.
Notela jaliscana, sp. nov.
Head and thorax dark grey. Abdomen light brown above,
greyish below. Primaries grey speckled with black, especially on
the veins; longitudinal and transverse brownish shadings, very
indistinct, the most noticeable being the two outer lines; fine
subapical black lines. In some specimens a black line from the
base below the median vein, first straight, then slightly wavy at
vein 2 and not quite reaching the middle of the outer margin ;
below the line a black spot between veins 2 and 3. Secondaries
whitish, the veins and outer margin smoky, fringe white.
Expanse ¢ 32 m.m.; 9 36 mm.
Hab. GUADALAJARA, Mexico.
Huharpyia, gen. nov.
6 Antennee pectinated on basal half; at base of antenne a long,
porrect, tuft of hairs. Palpi porrect ; second joint long. Primaries :
veins 6-10 stalked ; 10 from before 7. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4
from a point ; 6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type. Luharpyia comita, Schs.
Comita, Schs., sp. nov. t. xii, f. 4.
Huharpyia comita, sp. nov.
Frons buff mottled with brown hairs. Collar dark brown. Abdo-
men brown above, buff below. Primaries: the basal and outer
\ lh a i i te ee.
, a
Revision of the American Notodontide. 325
thirds brown ; the median space greyish ; some dark streaks at the
base, and an indistinct inner shade ; a fine, brown, geminate median
line, forming three curves from costa to inner margin ; a greyish
spot in the cell ; the outer line broad, paler grey especially on the
veins, bordered on either side with dark grey, crossed by a fine
black line, interrupted by the veins, and with a row of black points
on the veins ; beyond the outer line there is a row of black points
on the veins, beyond which they are streaked with black ; three
black spots before the subterminal line, below vein 2, between 4 and
5, and between 7 and 8; the subterminal line is reddish-brown,
followed by a black spot at angle, and four similar spots between vein
4 and the apex ; fringe light-brown spotted with black between the
veins. Secondaries brown, paler at the base.
Expanse 38 m.m.
Hab. CHANCHAMAYO, Peru.
Hunotela, gen. nov.
¢. Antenne with basal half pectinated. Palpi upturned extending
beyond frons; second joint long. Legs hairy. Primaries: vein 5
from middle of discocellular; 6 from upper angle of cell; 7-10
stalked, 10 from before 7. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and
7 stalked.
Type. Hunotela pallida, Schs.
Pallida, Schs. sp. nov. t. xii, f. 5.
Tropica, Schs. (Gidemasia), P. Z. 8., 1894, p. 241.
Collaris, Schs., sp. nov.
Hunotela pallida, sp. nov.
Palpi dark ,brown. Head and collar fawn-colour, the latter
posteriorly margined with dark brown. Thorax and abdomen grey.
Primaries pale brownish-grey, the median space whitish. Some
blackish specks at the base and an interrupted basal black transverse
line ; an inner transverse irregular black line, preceded by a linear
brown shade ; a velvety-black line on discocellular, followed by a
fine black transverse linear shade. An outer row of black points
followed by a smoky transverse shade ; a subterminal very distinct
velvety-black line, preceded towards apex by some brownish shades ;
a terminal dark grey line. Secondaries white; a few black scales
at anal angle.
Expanse 40 m.m.
Hab. Castro, Parana,
326 Mr. W. Schaus’s
EKHunotela ¢ollaris.
Palpi brown. Frons fawn-colour ; vertex and collar dark velvety-
brown. Thorax grey. Abdomen brownish-grey. Primaries brown
mottled with fawn-colour at base, in cell and on outer space ; some
white and black scales at base of inner margin, and a whitish streak
mottled with black below the median vein; a white discal spot
edged above with black, below with brown, and preceded by a
whitish space ; a large brown spot on costa at one-third from base,
followed by a geminate brown transverse line; veins 2, 3, 4 and 6
partly irrorated with white and black scales; an outer white
punctiform line; marginal black spots between the veins, edged
with grey. Secondaries greyish-brown, palest at base ; an indistinct
pale outer line ; fringe whitish towards anal angle.
Expanse 39 m.m.
Hab. COLOMBIA.
EUNYSTALEA.
Hunystalea, Grote, Abh. Naturw. Vereins zu Bremen, xiv,
7 (1895).
“Vein 5 from near middle of cross-vein, 6-9 stalked, 10 from the
cell, no accessory cell ; on secondaries veins 3 and 4 from the lower
angle of the cell, 6 and 7 short stalked,”—jfide Dyar. Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc., xxiv. (1897). From the description, the Genus is distinct
from anything described.
Type. £. indiana, Grote.
Indiana, Grote (Nystalea), Pap. iv, p. 7 (1884).
PONTALA.
Pontala, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxx, p. 954
(1864).
Platyodonta, Feld., nec Moschl.
Primaries straight from apex to vein 5, then angled and very
oblique to inner margin, which is excavated and deeply toothed ;
vein 5 from upper angle of cell; 6, 7, 10 from end of areole; 8
stalked with 7. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7
stalked.
Type. P. rubrana, Walk.
fiubrana, Walk., |. c. (1864).
Calpe, Feld. (Platyodonta), Reise Nov. t. xevui, f. 16 (1875),
Revision of the American Notodontidez. 327
APELA.
Apela, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1092 (1855).
Platyodonta, Moschl. (nec Felder), Verh. Zool.-bot., Ges.
Wien, xxvii, p. 682 (1878).
Male. Antenne fasciculate on basal half. Palpi: third joint
short. Primaries broad ; costal margin convex on basal half ; inner
margin excised, and deeply lobed—vein 5 from upper angle of cell ;
7 and 8 stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and
7 stalked,
Type. A. dwisa, Walk.
Dwisa, Walk., 1.¢c., p. 1093 (1855) = Strigata, Moschi.
(Platyodonta 2), l.c., p. 683, t. x, fi 41.
This species was erroneously described as from India.
DYLOoMIA.
Dylomia, Feld., Reise, Nov., t. 97, f. 18 (1874).
Antenne fasciculate, palpi not extending beyond frons, small,
upturned. Primaries; apex not acute; outer margin and inner
angle obliquely rounded ; vein 5 from close to upper angle of cell ;
6 from middle of areole ; 7-10 from end of areole. Secondaries :
veins 3 and 4 apart (from a point in Ciliata, Feld.) ; 6 and 7 stalked ;
8 diverging from 7 at middle of cell.
Type. D. tortricina, Felder.
Toriricina, Feld., Reise, Nov., t. 97, f. 13.
Casa, Weld., 1. c., t. 977, f. 14.
Cqirata, Peld., l.c., t. 97, f. 15.
Diagonalis, Feld., |. ¢., t. 98, f. 5.
NAPREPA.
Naprepa, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1046 (1855),
Antenne fasciculate. Palpi upturned, extending beyond frons ;
second joint long, with thick short hairs ; third joint minute. High
thoracic crest. Primaries : outer margin crenulate ; on inner margin
a tufted lobe; vein 5 from about middle of discocellular ; 6 from
areole, near cell ; 7 and 8 stalked ; 10 from end of areole. Second-
aries: veins 3 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 diverging
from 7 before end of cell.
Type. WV. camelincrdes, Walk.
Camelinerdes, Walk., 1, c, (1855),
328 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Cyllota, Druce (Ophitis), Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., i,
p. 247, t. xxv, f. 14 (1887), (Naprepa), l.c., 1, p. 466.
Pulcheria, Druce (Ophitis), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)
xvi, p. 38 (1895); B.C. A.,u, p. 466 (Naprepa), t. xcil,
i 10.
Llongata, Schs., sp. nov.
Naprepa elongata, sp. nov.
‘The wings proportionately longer and narrower than in Naprepa
cylotta, Druce, and more of a reddish-brown ; the markings other-
wise very similar but without the outer row of light points on the
veins, and the tuft on inner margin darker. Secondaries with the
anal markings more pronounced and pale points at tips of veins.
The secondaries are whitish underneath withcut any transverse line,
and there is a cluster of dark scales at anal angle.
Expanse 93 m.m.
Hab. Rio JANEIRO.
Naprepa cyllota, Drace. Larva.
Length 60 m.m. Head and first segment very small: second
segment larger ; third and fourth much enlarged. Head and first
segment pale bluish-green ; laterally on first segment two small
white spots circled with black; seg. 2 with 4 similar spots.
Segments 3-13 bright green; posteriorly on segment 4a semicircular
black line edged behind with white, segments 5 and 10 with two, the
other segments with three white spots circled with red placed rather
outwardly ; below these spots is a lateral wavy white line edged
above and below with black, beginning at the 5th and ending at 11th
segment ; below this line are four white spots on each segment ;
segments 2, 3 and 4 have also four lateral spots and above prolegs on
segments 1, 2, and 3 are two other small spots. Laterally below
white line, underneath, and abdominal legs bluish-green. Prolegs
white with three black specks externally ; segment 11 is laterally
bordered with maroon, and the stigma is placed in a round black
spot circled with yellow. Segments 12 and 13 dorsally maroon,
underneath bright green.
LOPHOPTERYX.
Lophopteryx, Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. Haust., u, p. 26 (1829).
Palpi porrect. Antenne serrate and fasciculate. Primaries: outer
margin crenulate ; vein 6 from areole near cell ; 8 and 10 stalked.
~~ = =.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 329
Secondaries : veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
Thoracic crest.
Type. LZ. capucina, Linn.
Capucina, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, p. 507 (1758).
Americana, Harv. Can. Ent., ix, p. 95 (1877).
Herbertina, gen, nov.
Antenne with minute fascicles. Head with small tuft. Primaries
broad ; a tuft of hairs on inner margin ; areole small ; vein 6 from
areole ; 8-10 stalked. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7
stalked ; 8 diverging from 7 at middle of cell.
Type. H. ewmeta, Druce.
Humeta, Druce (Lophopteryx), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7), v, p. 514 (1900).
ODONTOSIA.
Odontosia, Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., 145 (1888).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi short. Primaries long ; outer
margin crenulate, oblique ; long tuft on middle of inner margin ;
vein 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6 from areole near cell; 7 and
8 from end of areole. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7
stalked ; 8 close to 7 tonear end ofcell. No thoracic crest.
Type. O. carmelita, Esp., from Europe.
Carmelita, Esp. (Bombyx), Schmett., 111, Cont., p. 65, t. 91,
=, (1790).
HLlegans, Strecker (Lophopteryx), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil., 1884, p. 285 = Notaria, Hy. Edw. (Notodonta),
Ent. Amer., 1, p. 17 (1885).
HYPERASCHRA.
Hypereschra, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vi, 65
(1880).
Male antenne pectinate to tips. Palpi hairy. Primaries: outer
margin smooth ; vein 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6 from upper
angle of cell ; 7-10 stalked. Secondaries: 6 and 7 stalked; 8 close
to 7 to near end of cell.
Type. H. pallida, Butl., from India.
Pallida, Butl., Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vi, 1880, p. 65.
330) Mr. W. Schaus’s
Stragula, Grote (Notodonta), Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. in, p. 98
(1864) = Scotepennis, Walk. (Notodonta), Cat. Lep.
Het., B. M. xxxui, p. 411 (1865).
Pacifica, Behr. (Notodonta), Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), iu,
p. 206 (1892).
Tortwosa, Tepp. (Drynobia), Bull. Brock., Ent. Soc., iv, p.
2 (1881).
Georgica, H. 8. (Notodonta), Ausser.-Hurop.,Schmett., f. 384
(1855).
NOTODONTA.
Notodonta, Ochs., Schmett., Eur., 111, 45 (1810).
Peridea, Steph., Ul. Brit. Ent. Haust., 11, 22 (1828).
Chatfieldia, Grote, Abh. Natur. Vereins zu Bremen, xiv, 7
(1895).
Male antenne shortly pectinated, female simple. Areole absent.
Primaries: vein 5 from middle of discocellular, 6-10 stalked.
Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 apart ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 close to 7 to
near end of cell.
Type. WV. dromedarius, Linn., from Europe. Drome-
darius, Linn. (Bombyx), Syst. Nat. 1 (2), p. 827 (1767).
Basttriens, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. v, p. 1000 (1855).
Simplaria, Graef., But]. Brook., Ent. Soc., i, p. 95 (1881).
LOPHODONTA.
Lophodonta, Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iii. p. 857 (1864).
Antenne simple in both sexes. Palpi short, hairy. Primaries:
vein 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6-10 stalked, areole absent.
Secondaries : 6 and 7 stalked.
Type. L. ferruginea, Pack., 1. c. (1864).
Angulosa, Sm. aud Abb. (Phalzna), Lep. Ins. Georg., 11, pl,
83 (1797).
PHEOSIA.
Pheosia, Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., 145 (1818).
Levocampa, Steph., Il. Brit. Ent. Haust., 11, 24 (1828),
Antenne pectinated in both sexes. Palpi very short, hairy, not
extending beyond frons. Primaries: vein 6 from upper angle of
cell; 7-10 stalked. Secondaries : veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7
stalked ; 8 close to 7 to near end of cell.
at i a ‘
Revision of the American Notodontide. dol
Type. P. tremula, Clerck., from Europe.
Tremula, Olerck. (Bombyx), Icones,, Ca Ra (1759).
Dimidiata, H. 8. (Drymonia), Ausser, -Europ., Schmett., f.
515 (1856) = Rimosa, Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.
il, p. 358 (1864)=Californica, Stretch., Zyg. and
Bomb., N. A., 116 (1872).
Portlandia, Hy. Kdw., Ent. Amer., i, p. 168 (1887)=
Descherei, Neum. (Notodonta), Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 227
(1892).
Goacampa, gen. noy,
Antenne long, evenly and shortly pectinated in the ¢ to the
tips, serrate in the 2. Headlargeand prominent. Palpi very short,
porrect. Wings long and narrow. Abdomen short and_ stout.
Primaries with long areole from before end of cell ; 6 from areole ;
7 and 10 from end of areole ; 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell.
Secondaries with 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 very close to 7 to near the end
of the cell.
Type. G. variabtlts, Schs.
Variabilis, Schs., sp. nov., t. xu, fi 6.
Goacampa variabilis, sp. nov.
S 6. Head and thorax grey. Abdomen brownish above, grey
below, white towards the base. Primaries light grey ; an inner, and
outer fine angular darker line ; a subterminal, and a terminal row of
dark streaks between the veins ; a large black spot at the end of the
cell; a broad black basal band. A third ¢ has merely a broad
black streak from the base to the outer margin above the submedian
vein. The 9 mostly darker grey with the lines and streaks as in
the ¢, and the discal spot circular, dark grey, filled in with lighter
orey. One 2? has the inner margin broadly black and a large black
space beyond the cell. Secondaries in both sexes white; the veins
brownish at the base, black marginally; a terminal black shade and
a black spot just before the angle ; fringe white.
Expanse 42-46 m.m.
Hab. Oaxaca, Mexico.
Kurtia, gen. nov.
Palpi hairy, third joint minute. Antenne deeply pectinated for
four-fifths. Tibia hairy. Primaries long and narrow ; the costal
margin slightly convex, apex rounded, outer margin very oblique,
inner margin straight ; veins 3 and 4 apart ; 5 from upper angle of
cell ; areole long; vein 6 from beyond its middle ; 7 and 8 from end
2 Biya Mr. W. Schaus’s
of areole, 10 from before end. Secondaries short and broad, costal
margin convex, outer margin rounded ; veins 3 and 4 from a point ;
6 and 7 on short stalk ; vein 5 absent.
Type. Kurtva modesta, Schs.
Modesta, Schs., sp. nov., t. xii, f. 7.
Kurtia modesta, sp. nov.
Palpi dark brown ; head and collar dark grey ; thorax reddish-
brown ; abdomen duller brown with long dorsal tufts. Primaries
reddish-brown with some slight greyish intervenal streaks ; traces
of basal and inner lines on costa only ; an outer row of minute dark
spots almost imperceptible and a terminal row of black spots between
the veins. Secondaries dull brown ; the fringe partly fawn-colour.
Expanse 50 m.m.
Hab. AROA, Venezuela.
Anita, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated for four-fifths of length. Palpi ascending,
third joint minute. Legs smooth. Primaries short and_ broad ;
costal and inner margin straight ; outer margin obliquely rounded ;
veins 3 and 4 apart ; 5 from close to upper angle ; areole long and
narrow ; 6 from beyond its centre ; 7 and 8 from end of areole ; 10
from just before end. Secondaries short and broad ; costal margin
straight, apex rounded, outer margin straight to vein 2 then
rounded ; vein 5 very weak.
Type. Anita basipuncta, Schs.
Basipuncta, Schs., sp. nov., t. xi, f. 8.
Amita basipuncta, sp. nov.
Palpi creamy in front. Head and thorax brown ; white tufts at
base of antenne. Abdomen light brown. Primaries above median
vein whitish, below it light brown ; outer portion of veins from sub-
median to vein 6 dark brown ; a large velvety-brown spot at base of
costa and cell. Secondaries white thickly speckled with light
brown.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab. ARoA, Venezuela.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 333
CoLax.
Colax, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., 141, 1513 (1816).
Antennz pectinated in both sexes on basal two-thirds. Palpi
hairy, hardly extending beyond frons. Head tufted at base of
antennz. Primaries: costal ‘margin convex on outer half; apex
acute ; outer margin straight from apex to vein 5, then oblique,
shghtly concave in ¢ to inner angle; areole absent; vein 5 from
middle of discocellular ; 6-10 stalked, 10 from before 7. Secondaries :
veins 3 and 4 apart; 6 and 7 stalked ; 5 absent; 8 diverging from
7 at middle of cell.
Type. C. apulus, Cr.
Apulus, Cr. (Sphinx), Pap. Exot., i, t. 88, f. HE. (1779).
Phocus, Schs. (Hapigia), P. Z. S., 1892, p. 340.
HEMICERAS.
Hemiceras, Guen., sp. gen., Lep. Noct., 11, p. 379 (1852).
Eeregma, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xu, p. 966 (1857).
Comidava, Walk., 1. c., xxvi, p. 1695 (1862).
Epicoria, Walk., |. ¢., xxxiu, p. 852 (1865).
Gadiana, Walk., |. c., p. 854 (1865).
Salamboria, Walk., 1. c., p. 855 (1865).
Hulophopteryx, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wein, xxvii,
p. 684 (1878).
Antenne pectinated for half their length in male; simple or
fasciculate in female. Palpi extending beyond frons, smooth ; second
joint long ; third joint short. Primaries: vein 5 from near upper
angle of cell ; 6 from middle of areole ; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole,
Secondaries : vein 5 absent ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 diverging from 7 at
middle of cell. Male usually with glandular spot at end of vein 2.
Type. H. pallidula, Guen.
Pallidula, Guen., 1. c., p. 381 (1852).
Lrnea, Guen., |. ¢., p. 381 (1852).
Trinubila, Guen., |. c., p. 382 (1852).
Lotula, Guen., |. c. (1852).
Pulverula, Guen., 1. c. (1852).
Indistans, Guen., |. ¢., p. 383 (1852).
Cadmia, Guen., |. c. (1852) = obliguilinea, Walk. (Comi-
dava), l. c., xxvi, p. 1695 (1862).
Barima, Guen., lc. p. 383 (1852) = Lllucens, Walk, 1.c.,
xxxill, p. 852 (1865).
Sigula, Guen., l. c., p. 8384 (1852).
304 Mr. W. Schaus’s
Violascens, Guen., |. c. (1852).
Vimicosta, Guen., |. c. (1852).
Sabis, Guen., l.c., p. 385 (1852)= Ama, Druce, P. Z. &.,
1890; poll.
Meona, Cr., Pap. Exot., iv, t. 358, f. B; larva: Stoll; t.-33,
Tha
Lissa, Druce, |. c. (1890).
Losa, Druce, |. c. (1890).
Levana, Druce, |. c., p. 512 (1890).
Plusiata, Feld., Reise Nov., t. 97, f. 11 (1874).
Transducta, Walk. (Ecregma), |. c., xu, p. 967 (1857).
Sparsipenmis, Walk., lc, p. 972 (1857) = Canosparsa,
Walk. (Epicoria), |. ¢., xxxiu, p. 853 (1865).
Metastigma, Walk., |. c., xii, p. 974 (1857).
Leucospila, Walk., 1. c. (1857).
Deornata, Walk. (Epicoria), |. c., xxxiil, p. 853 (1865).
Gemina, Walk. (Epicoria), |. ¢. (1865).
Walkeri, Schs., Nom, Nov. = Deornata (preoccupied), Walk.
(Salamboria), l. c., p. 855 (1865).
Rufescens, Walk. (Gadiana), |. ¢., p. 854 (1865).
Alba, Walk. |. c., xxxiu, p. 851 (1865).
Obliquicola, Walk. (Comidava), l.c., xxvi, p. 1696 (1862).
Subochraceum, Walk., Char. Lep. Het., p. 184 (1866) =
Mora, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., i, p. 251
(1887).
Plana, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 34.
Striolata, Butl., 1. c. (1879).
Modesta, Butl. (Hicregma), |. c. (1879).
Splendens, Moschl. (Kulophopteryx), 1. c., p. 684 (1878).
Albulana, Druce (Comidava), |. c., 1, p. 252 (1887).
Fuzz, Dogn., Le Naturaliste, 1889, p. 25; Lep. de Loja,
t.rOs El.
Punctata, Dogn., |. c., t. 6, f 2.
Carmelita, Mssn. Stiib. Reis. Sud. Am., p. 148, t. 7, f. 4
(1890).
Postica, Mssn., |. c., t. vil, f. 3 (1890).
Tulola, Schs., sp. nov.
Strrata, Schs., sp. nov.
Vecina, Schs., sp. nov.
A roensis, Schs., sp. nov.
Serana, Schs., sp. nov.
Brunnea, Schs., sp. nov.
Nigriguita, Schs., sp. nov.
Ovalis, Schs., sp. nov.
i i i i ie“
Revision of the American Notodontide. 335
Bilinea, Schs., sp. nov.
Pagana, Schs., sp. nov.
Nubilata, Schs., sp. nov.
Punctilla, Schs., sp. nov.
Quebra, Schs., sp. nov.
Velva, Schs. sp. nov.
Nigricosta, Schs., sp. nov., t. xu, f. 10.
Nigrescens, Schs., sp. nov., t. xii, f. 9.
Sericita, Schs., sp. nov.
Femiceras tulola, sp. nov.
Head with whitish tufts. Thorax and abdomen brownish-grey.
Primaries brownish-grey ; lines fine, black ; the inner line wavy,
outwardly oblique from costa to inner margin; outer line linear on
inner margin, otherwise punctiform, straight from costa near apex to
inner margin at a third from angle; an indistinct dark shade in cell.
Secondaries light brown, whitish towards the base. Inner margin
of primaries slightly sinuous.
Expanse 37 m.m.
Hab. CASTRO, Parana.
Allied to A. lotula, Gn.
Hemaceras striata, sp. nov.
d. Head and thorax greyish-brown ; collar and abdomen dorsally
reddish-brown ; abdomen and thorax below greyish. Primaries
greyish-brown speckled with olivaceous scales ; the veins dark olive-
brown, interrupted by the transverse lines; the inner line slightly
oblique ; the outer line from the costal margin near the apex to
middle of inner margin ; both lines reddish-brown inwardly shaded
with olive and outwardly with testaceous; the inner margin is
nearly straight and slightly excised at the base; fringe olive-brown.
Secondaries white, the veins and outer margin reddish-brown, the
fringe white ; no opaque spot.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab. Nova FrisuraGo, Brazil.
FTemiceras vecina, sp. nov.
Body reddish-grey above, testaceous below. Primaries light reddish-
brown thickly mottled with white scales ; the two linesare fine, dark
reddish-brown, outwardly shaded with ochreous and white; the
inner line nearly straight ; the outer line from close to apex on
336 Mr. W. Schaus’s
costal margin to middle of inner margin ; a subterminal darker
shading ; fringe dark brown ; a darker oblique line at the end of the
cell, The inner margin is slightly toothed near the base. Second-
aries light brown, the opaque spot of the same colour; the fringe
whitish.
Expanse 35-42 m.m.
Hab. ARoA, Venezuela; JALAPA, ORIZABA, Mexico.
Allied to H. cadmia, Gn.
Hemiceras aroensis, sp. nov.
Frontal tuft white, palpi and thorax reddish fawn-colour, some
lilacine scales on tegule. Abdomen above fawn-colour, underneath
yellowish. Primaries toothed at middle of inner margin and at
inner angle, fawn-colour tinged with lilacine from base to outer line ;
the inner line wavy, very fine and indistinct ; the outer line from
apex to sinus on inner margin, dark brown shading to lighter
brown outwardly, and marked by dark streaks on the veins; a
minute dark point on subcostal above the cell ; fringe not darker
than the outer margin. Secondaries white, the veins and outer
margin narrowly, and opaque spot, light reddish-brown ; fringe white.
Expanse 35 m.m
Hab. AROA, Venezuela.
Hemiceras serana, sp. nov.
Body fawn-colour above, creamy-yellow below. Primaries with a
single tooth near the base, pale fawn-colour ; the inner line fine,
hardly perceptible, marked by three black points on veins; the
outer line from costa near apex to middle of inner margin, fine
reddish-brown, outwardly shaded with yellowish and marked by
minute black points on the veins ; a dark point in the cell; fringe
reddish-brown. Secondaries white ; veins, outer margin narrowly,
and opaque spot light reddish-brown ; fringe white.
Expanse 35 m.m.
Hab. ARoA, Venezuela.
Hemiceras brunnea, sp. nov.
Body light violaceous-brown ; top of the head white. Primaries
with the inner margin slightly sinuate, excised at the base, brown
faintly speckled with greyish scales ; an inner and an outer row of
black points on the veins connected by an indistinct rufous shade ;
ae See ae
Revision of the American Notodontide. 337
the inner rowoblique to median vein, then straight to inner margin ;
the outer row from costa near apex parallel to outer margin to vein
3, then curved inwardly to inner margin ; an oblique dark shade
in the cell. Secondaries light brown, whitish at the base and
darker along the outer margin ; fringe testaceous. No opaque spot.
Expanse ¢ 45 m.m.
Hab. COCHABAMBA, Bolivia.
Fenmiceras nigrigutta, sp. nov.
Top of head white, otherwise and also thorax reddish-brown.
Abdomen above dark violaceous-brown, underneath creamy yellow.
Primaries with the inner margin straight, slightly excised at base,
dull brown ; the inner line slightly curved from costa to inner
margin, fine yellowish, outwardly spotted with black points on the
veins ; the outer line similar, with the black points placed in-
wardly, from the costa at four-fifth fram the base, slightly curved
and parallel to the outer margin ; a black spot in the cell, inwardly
surmounted by a smailer black spot. Secondaries whitish-fawn
colour, with the outer margin darker ; the opaque spot large and
dark.
Expanse 46 m.m.
Hab. COCHABAMBA, Bclivia.
Hemuceras ovalis, sp. nov.
Head and thorax pale grey ; abdomen above light brown, under-
neath white. Primaries with the inner margin slightly rounded,
silvery-grey, slightly speckled with darker scales; a basal, inner,
and outer fine transverse lunular lines, light brownish marked by a
darker speck on the veins ; a large oval yellowish spot in the cell,
crossed by the inner line. The outer margin broadly darker grey.
Secondaries white with the veins and outer margin brownish ; tip
of the fringe whitish. Underneath the wings are white; the costal
half of the primaries reddish-brown. The opaque spot dark brown
or light grey.
Expanse 44 m.m.
Hab. Nova FrripurGo, Brazil.
Femiceras bilinea, sp. nov.
Body violaceous-brown above, yellowish below. Primaries red-
dish-brown, the veins powdered with greyish scales; the inner line
straight ; the outer line from close to apex to middle of inner margin ;
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1901.—PART III. (SEPT.) 23
338 Mr. W. Schaus’s
both lines dark olivaceous-brown, the inner line inwardly, the outer
line outwardly shaded with ochreous ; some indistinct subterminal
shadings ; two blackish spots in the cell, sometimes confluent. The
inner margin is slightly toothed near the base. Secondaries brown.
Expanse 40 m.m.
Hab. JALAPA, Mexico.
Hemiceras pagana, sp. nov.
Head and thorax greyish. Abdomen reddish-brown above, testa-
ceous below. Primaries rather long and narrow ; the outer margin
very obliquely rounded; inner margin sinuous. Primaries fawn-
colour, finely speckled with dark grey, especially in the median
space; a large black spot at the end of cell; the lines indistinct ; the
inner line wavy oblique ; the outer line irregular punctiform, fol-
lowed by some dark shades at apex. Secondaries white, the veins
and outer margin narrowly reddish-brown; the glandular patch
prominent.
Expanse 45 m.m.
Hab. PARAGUAY.
Hemiceras nubslata, sp. nov.
Head and thorax light reddish-brown. Abdomen testaceous.
Primaries reddish-brown, the median space darker, being thickly
speckled with grey and lilacine scales ; the inner line faint, dark
grey, oblique from costa to median vein, then slightly wavy to inner
margin; the outer line punctiform, inwardly oblique from costa to
vein 3, then slightly wavy to inner margin and nearer the base; a
reddish shade on outer portion of line on inner margin, a dark
shade on outer margin between veins 2 and 4; a dark spot in cell.
Secondaries light reddish-brown palest at the base.
Expanse 2 44 m.m.
Hab. AROA, Venezuela.
Allied to H. metastigma, Walk., but altogether darker
and the inner margin of primaries straighter; described
feOnN EL ais Oe
Hemiceras punctilla, sp. nov.
d.- Head with a white spot between antenne ; the base of antennz
white ; the collar and thorax light reddish-brown, the former edged
with dark scales. Primaries with inner margin excised before angle,
Revision of the American Notodontide. 339
light reddish-brown ; some black scales at the base; the inner line
black, wavy, broken; the outer line wavy, black, parallel to outer
margin and most heavily marked on costa and inner margin ; a dark
reddish-brown spot in cell, preceded on subcostal vein by a small
black spot. Secondaries white the veins darker, and some reddish-
brown scales on outer margin; the glandular patch small reddish-
brown.
Expanse 40 m.m.
Hab. ARoA, Venezuela.
Hemiceras quebra, sp. nov.
Inner margin of primaries sinuous. Body reddish-brown ; abdo-
men below testaceous. Primaries reddish-brown ; the lines faint,
punctiform, black ; the outer line from vein 2 to inner margin
further from outer margin than the rest of line. A faint dark spot
in cell. Secondaries reddish-brown, whitish at the base and in disc.
Expanse 42 m.m.
Hab. AROA, Venezuela.
Described from two f @.
Hemaceras velva, sp. nov.
Abdomen testaceous ; head, thorax and primaries pale violaceous-
brown ; the lines faintly traced and punctiform; the outer line
parallel to outer margin from costa to submedian vein, followed by
a faintly darker shade between veins 3 and 4; an indistinct dark
spot in cell. Secondaries very white, the tips of veins and outer
margin narrowly reddish-brown. The inner margin of primaries
straight.
Expanse 39 m.m.
Hab. Arosa, Venezuela.
Described from three ¢ f, one @.
Hemiceras nigricosta, sp. nov.
Head reddish-brown, posteriorly white. Thorax reddish-brown.
Abdomen dark brown above, pale brown below. Primaries reddish-
brown, the space between the lines somewhat violaceous; the costa
black speckled with white ; the inner line dark, curved from costa
to inner margin ; the outer line consisting of dark lunular shades ; a
dark oblique line at the end of the cell, and a darker shade beyond
340 Mr. W. Schaus’s
the outer line between veins 3 and 4; the inner margin deeply
excised before angle. Secondaries dull brown.
Expanse 2 53 m.m.
Hab. Costa. Rica.
HHemiceras nigrescens, sp. Nov.
Head and collar anteriorly reddish-brown ; white tufts at base of
antennze and on head posteriorly. Thorax and abdomen above
violaceous-brown, underneath testaceous. Primaries violaceous-
black, the base somewhat reddish ; the outer margin brown ; a dark
shade from the cell crossing the outer line to the brown outer margin ;
the lines dark reddish-brown ; the inner line oblique from costa to
median vein, then wavy to inner margin ; the outer line, straight,
lunular followed at apex by some whitish scales; inner margin
deeply excised before angle. Secondaries very dark brown above,
testaceous below.
Expanse ¢ 39 m.m.; ? 45 m.m.
Hab. Costa Rica.
Hemiceras sericita.
Head and thorax violaceous-brown. Collar reddish-brown. Some
white hairs at base of antenne and on vertex. Abdomen dull brown.
Primaries silky violaceous-brown ; basal third of costa and an inner
shade from costa, narrowing to a point on submedian vein, reddish-
brown ; a reddish-brown oblique streak at end of cell; the outer
margin broadly reddish-brown, limited by a dark brown line from
costa, near apex, where it is preceded by some white scales, straight
to vein 2, then curved inwardly to excision on inner margin; a deep
lobe on inner margin between base and excision. Secondaries light
brown, palest at the base.
Expanse 44 m.m,
Hab. COLOMBIA.
Henaceras pallidula, Gauen. Larva.
Length 1-1} inches. Head large and prominent, yellow except
lower third which is black. First segment smaller than the others,
yellow with a conspicuous black transverse band. Body rich maroon
with two dorsal yellow bands which terminate on segment 11 in a
large subdorsal bright red tubercle ; laterally are three white lines,
on the lowest of which are the black stigmz ; these lnes continue to
segment 12; the posterior portion of segment 11, the 12th dorsally
Revision of the American Notodontide. 341
and anterior portion of 13th, white ; lower portion of segment 13
black ; prolegs black; underneath and abdominal legs reddish ;
anal feet black. August 20th formed a thin cocoon in leaves drawn
together ; emerged September 11th. Pupa #? of an inch in length,
rather elongated, smooth, dull reddish-brown.
HAPIGIA.
Hapigia, Guen., Noct., u, p. 375 (1852).
Corymbia, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxiu, p. 765
(1865).
Antenne ciliate. Palpi extending beyond frons, the second joint
hairy. Primaries: apex acute ; outer margin rounded, very oblique
vein 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6—10 stalked ; 3 and 4 close
together. Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 form a point; 6 and 7
stalked ; 8 connected with 7 by a bar towards base of cell. In
H. obliqua, Walk., vein 5 on primaries is from above middle of
discocellular. |
Type. H. nodicornis, Guen.
Nodicornis, Guen., |. c., 376 (1852).
Obliqua, Walk. (Corymbia), Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xxxiii,
p. 766 (1865), erroneously described from India.
Smerinthoides, Walk. (Corymbia), l.c., p. 765 (1865).
Simplex, Walk. (Corymbia), l.c., p. 766 (1865).
Raatz, Moschl. (Chliara), Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien.,
Xxxll, p. 350 (1883)= Arbber, Druce (Hapigia), Biol.
Centr. Amer. Lep. Het., 1, p. 244, t. xxv, f. 8 (1887).
Accypiter, Schs., P. Z.S., 1892, p. 340.
Abscondens, Walk. (Crino), |. c¢., xiv, p. 1847 (1858), nec
fig. Biologia.
Ltufescens, Schs., sp. nov.
Hapigia rufescens.
Head and thorax reddish-brown. Abdomen greyish-brown,
Primaries reddish-brown ; an indistinct greyish basal line ; the
inner line represented by greyish spots on veins; the outer line
dark reddish-brown, slightly curved ; subterminal blackish spots in
pairs between the veins, one above the other, those at apex shaded
with white and coalescent ; these spots preceded by a dark brown
wavy shade; a silvery white crescent in cell, surmounted by a
342 Mr. W. Schaus’s
round silver spot. Secondaries: buff on costal margin; light
blackish-brown outwardly.
Expanse 48 m.m.
Hab. AROA, Venezuela.
CHLIARA.
Chliara, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xii, p. 938 (1857).
Autographa, Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 251 (partim).
Antenne ciliate, not nodose at base. Palpi upturned; second
joint hairy ; third joint short, smooth, conical. Primaries: apex
acute ; outer margin rounded, oblique. Vein 5 from middle of
dliscocellular ; 6 from upper angle or just beyond it ; 7—10 stalked.
Secondaries ; veins 3 and 4 from a point ; 6 and 7 on short stalk.
Type. C. cresus, Cr.
Cresus, Cr. (Phalzena), Pap. Exot., 11, t. 142, f. c. (1780) =
Cresa, Hiibn. (Autographa), |. c., p. 251 =Jmperialis,
Walk. ley p08" (i307):
Moneta, Feld., Reise Nov., t. xevi, f. 7 (1874).
Notha, Moschl., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxii, p. 350,
t. 18, £. 38 (1883).
ANTHEA.
Antwa, Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 266 (1816).
Caroia, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., B. M. xv, p. 1791 and 1861
(185 8).
Antennee fasciculate. Palpi upturned; second joint, hairy,
elliptical ; third joint long, smooth. Primaries: apex acute ; outer
margin rounded, oblique, partly crenulate ; vein 5 from just above
middle of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle of cell ; 7—10 stalked.
Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 from a.point; 6 and 7 stalked; 8
diverging from 7 at middle of cell.
Type. Antxa juturna, Cr.
Juturna, Cr., Pap. Exot., 1, t. 129, f. E. (1780).
Licormas, Cr., 1. c, i, t. 74, f. E. (1779)= Bombycoides
(Caroia), Walk., lL. c., p. 1792 (1858).
Pseudhapigia, gen. nov.
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi not extending beyond frons ;
second joint hairy; third minute. Primaries: apex acute ; outer
margin rounded, oblique; inner angle rounded ; inner margin
excised; vein 5 from middle of discocellular; 6—10 stalked.
Revision of the American Notodontide. 345
Secondaries: veins 3 and 4 slightly apart; 6 and 7 stalked; 8
diverging from 7 at middle of cell.
Type. P. brunnea, Schs.
BSrunnea, Schs., sp. nov.
Xolotl, Schs. (Hapigia), P.Z.8., 1892, p. 339; Biol. Centr.
Amer. Lep. Het., 11, t. xci, f. 19.
Pseudhapigia brunnea, sp. nov.
¢. Antenne pectinated to tips. Head and thorax reddish-brown ;
abdomen lighter brown. Primaries reddish-brown, the costa greyish ;
a basal and an inner transverse greyish line, the latter outwardly
oblique from costa; the outer line parallel to outer margin from
costa to vein 2, then straight to inner margin, dark grey, inwardly
shaded with violaceous ; a subterminal wavy black line preceded at
apex by two silver spots; in the cell a small, followed by a larger
irregular silvery spot finely edged with black. Secondaries greyish,
palest at the base. The inner margin of primaries is slightly excised
at its middle.
Expanse 44 m.m.
Hab. GUADALAJARA, Mexico.
CANODIA.
Canodia, Guen., Sp. Gen. Noct., ii, p. 877 (1852).
Antenne pectinated to tips. Palpi short not extending beyond
frons. Primaries acute ; outer margin rounded, oblique; inner
angle rounded ; inner margin straight.
Type of Genus. C. carmelitoides, Guen.
Carmelitoides, Guen., |. c., p. 378 (1852), pl. 12, f. 8.
Difformis, H.8. (Canodea), Ausser.-Europ. Schmett, f. 132.
These species are both unknown to me, and Difformis
may possibly not be congeneric with Carmelitoides.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.
—
Fig. 1.
et
Wel oy Ta es)
mc aorIian a p w bv
Tagela dentata, Schs.
. Marthula quadrata, Walk.
. Antiopha multilinea, Schs.
. Tecmessa elegans, Schs.
. Psorocampa denticilata, Schs.
. Betola aroata, Schs.
Gopha mixtipennis, Walk.
. Nadwna lignea, Schs.
. Pauluma nubila, Schs.
. Hardingia roberti, Schs.
. Salluca moruma, Schs.
. Litodonta nigripuncta, Schs.
. Goaxis singularis, Schs.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
ee
o
© OTD oP w DO &
bead
S
. Afilia cinerea, Schs.
. Nagidusa «xylocampoides, Walk.
. Notela jaliscana, Schs.
. Euharpyia comita, Schs.
. Eunotela pallida, Schs.
. Goacampa variabilis, Schs.
. Kurtia modesta, Schs.
Anita basipuncta, Schs.
. Hemiceras nigrescens, Schs.
‘5 nigricosta, Schs.
XIII. Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc., in the
British Coleoptera. By Horace St. Joun K.
DONISTHORPE, F.Z.S.
“So may the outward shows be least themselves ;
The world is still deceiv’d with ornament.”
Merchant of Venice.
[Read June 5th, 1901.]
IN writing a paper on this interesting subject it is not
necessary for me to explain what is meant by “mimicry,”
“protective resemblance,” or any of the phases connected
with them, the work of such men as Bates, Fritz Miiller,
Wallace, Trimen, Meldola, Poulton, and others having
made them household words to all students of natural
history. In this paper I merely wish to bring forward
all such cases as appear to me to occur in-our British
Coleoptera, and by doing so I hope to call attention to
a subject which has been much neglected by Coleopterists.
A certain amount of work has of course been done in
Exotic Coleoptera, for instance Mr. Gahan’s paper on
mimetic resemblances between species of the Coleopterous
genera Lema and Diabrotica in our transactions (Trans.
Ent. Soc., 1891, p. 367), Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s and
Mr. R. Shelford’s papers in the Reports of the British
Association at Bradford 1900, pp. 793 and 795 respectively.
Furthermore Wallace, Poulton, and others record various
cases in some of their writings, but the subject has not been
as systematically dealt with as it has in the Lepidoptera. It
seems to me a great pity that collectors send home beetles
which are evidently mimics of ants, or wasps, etc., as the
case may be, but without the species mimicked, or notes
on the subject; whereas how much more valuable would
be their consignments if they paid more attention to this
branch of entomology. Men like Bates, Wallace and Belt
never failed to note and record such interesting cases,
because they were always on the look out for them. I
also think it is a mistake that museums, even when the
“mimics” and “mimicked” are sent home together, at
once separate them into different cabinets, thus rendering
the work of the future student of insect bionomics more
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART III. (SEPT.)
346 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
laborious and difficult. I have no doubt that many more
cases than those recorded in the present paper could be noted
and verified in our British list, if collectors would look out
for them ; for every worker must meet with some special
individual experience in the field. There are a certain
number of cases in this paper which I bring forward with
all due diffidence in the hope that experimental proof may
be obtained. We require many more carefully devised
experiments on the edibility or distastefulness of numerous
species. I do not consider experiments with foreign birds
in confinement a very satisfactory test, since first they are
accustomed to be fed and expect to eat everything that is
given to them, and secondly, they could never have seen a
British insect in nature, and so would be inclined to attack
it out of curiosity. Furthermore, being insectivorous and
yet not regularly supplied with insect food or with a very
monotonous insect diet they are likely to be less dis-
criminating than in the wild state. Nevertheless they
present certain points of special interest; for we can
watch the effect of a new experience and test the efficiency
of memory. I have used the terms “ procryptic,” “ apose-
matic,’ etc., brought forward by Professor Poulton in his
book on the colours of animals, to classify the species
mentioned, and have followed, for convenience, the order
adopted by Dr. Sharp and Canon Fowler in their 1893
catalogue of the British Coleoptera.
I wish to express my thanks to all those friends, particu-
larly Mr. W. Holland, of the Hope Department, Oxford
University Museum, who have supplied me with material
and helped me in this paper; but above all to Professor
Poulton for his advice, help, and great kindness in assisting
me in any difficulty.
CARABIDA.
Carabus.
I would suggest that the black colour of some of the
large dark-coloured species of Carabus such as C. violaceus,
L., C. catenulatus, Scop., etc., is aposematic. I have no
doubt that they are more or less distasteful as they possess
a strong and most unpleasant smell, and have the power
to discharge an acrid fluid. I remember picking up a
specimen of C. violaceus on the Deal sand-hills .which
shot this fluid into my eye, causing considerable pain.
Professor Poulton points out that some African Carabidx
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc. 347
have large white spots on a black ground, which makes
them very conspicuous. He suspects the acrid ejection
is the character which defends them, together with their
powerful mandibles.
Nebria complanata, L.
This large beetle which is very noticeable in a cabinet
drawer, is by no means so in its natural environment.
The colour, yellow with black stripes on the back, makes
it very hard to see when partly covered by the sand in
which it lives. This I experienced when searching for
the beetle at Braunton Burrows. On being disturbed
it rushes very quickly to hide itself again. Mr. Holland
says, “When beaten from its hiding-places in the sands
great sharpness is necessary if all the disturbed individuals
are to be caught.”
Llaphrus.
All the species of Hlaphrus have rugged-elytra, and
their metallic colour makes them almost invisible
when motionless on the wet mud they frequent. This
was especially noticeable in #. wliginosus, F., when in
company with several other Coleopterists I found it in
numbers at Lymington Salterns. The most successful
results were obtained by tramping about on the mud and
walking towards the water, when the beetles, running
before us, were more easily seen.
Clwina and Dyschirius.
All the species of these genera are somewhat ant-like in
appearance. Mr. Holland says “ the gregarious ones look
at first sight hke a company of ants.” It may be worth
while to mention that Crowther recorded in the Entomo-
logist’s Monthly Magazine (Vol. xv, 1878, p. 19), the
occurrence of Clivina fossor in numbers with Lasius flavus.
Broscus cephalotes, L.
This is a fairly large black beetle and is found on the
coast, where it burrows in the sand, and hides under
stones and refuse. When frightened it often puts itself
into the most extraordinary attitudes, its legs stretched
348 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
out quite stiff in all directions, and remains immovable
for a long time. This is one of the very many instances
in Coleoptera of so-called “feigning death.’ To be
motionless is a great protection, as moving things are
seen more easily; moreover, predacious creatures as a
rule prefer their prey to be alive. As Mr. Holland points
out, “Beetles often lie dead in the road unnoticed by
anything but the scavenger ant.”
Panageus crux-major, L., and P. quadripustulatus, Stm.
These beetles are coloured bright orange-red with a
very conspicuous black cross on the back, which suggests
that they may be examples of warning colours and
distasteful, but of course experiments to prove this are
required.
Chlenius vestitus, Payk.
Mr. Holland says that this beetle looks bright and
conspicuous enough in the drawer, but when disturbed
from its cracks in the sandstone, its pale patch and legs,
and pale silky coat shining in the sun, make it very
inconspicuous.
Amara fulva, De}.
This species is only found in sandy places where it
hides itself under stones and half buries itself in the sand,
its yellow colour harmonising well with its surroundings.
Bembidium paludosum, Panz., Tachypus pallipes, Duft.,
and 7’. flavipes, L.
These beetles are protected in the same manner as the
species of Hlaphrus ; they also possess rugged metallic coats
and frequent muddy or shingly banks of rivers and other
wet places.
Aépus marinus, Strom and A. robinit, Lab.
These little beetles are found under stones and boulders
among sand and shingle below high-water mark. They
are just the colour of the sand, and it is difficult to detect
them, as I have experienced in the case of both species at
Lymington.
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Minucry, ete. 349
Lebia cyanocephala, L., and L. chlorocephala, Hoff.
These beetles have a very “ Phytophaga”-like appear-
ance. They occur at the roots of broom, juniper, etc., and
also on the blossoms. My friend Mr. Bouskell took a
series of LZ. cyanocephala in the New Forest by beating
broom in flower. Mr. Gahan tells me that the Central
American Lebiine have a strongly-marked resemblance
to Phytophaga and Coccinellide, and that a closely-allied
group has been called Galerucidiine from its resemblance
to the Galerucide. The whole group of Phytophaga are
extensively mimicked in all countries, and many of them
are known to be distasteful.
Demetrias unipunctatus, Germ.
This beetle is coloured so as to be very well concealed
in the sand in which it lives.
Drypta dentata, Rossi.
This species is of a brilliant metallic blue colour and
might be easily mistaken for one of the Phytophaga.
Brachinus crepitans, L.
B. crepitans is protected by its “guns.” Mr. Holland
says, “It may also be protected by being gregarious and
looking something hike the big wood-ant. My brother
once picked up a large stone in a wood-clearing on the
chalk hills, and hurriedly called Mr. Hamm and me to
come and look—there were between one and two hundred
crepitans under that one stone, looking hke a colony of
ants. A number like this is very unusual, but it is a
common thing to find a dozen or so under a stone in
the same place.” It is noteworthy that both the ant
and the beetle defend themselves by ejecting acid.
DyYTISCIDA.
As my friend Mr. W. E. Sharp pointed out to me,
the prevailing sub-aquatic colours vary through a very
short scale from dull green, olive-green, yellow-green, to
yellow-brown and brown. These are the colours of nearly
all denizens of water, particularly so in the water-beetles.
This is not surprising, as they require perhaps more
350 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
protection than land species, being in a more confined
space and liable to the attack of such voracious creatures
as fish.
Laccophilus.
The colours of the species of this genus fall within the
above scale. Their ground-colour is broken up by flecks
of yellow.
Agabus nebulosus, Forst. and A. conspersus, Marsh.
In these two beetles the ground-colour is broken up by
specks of black.
Dytiscus.
The species of this genus are of an olive-green colour
with yellow margins to the thorax and elytra.
Acilrvus.
In Acilius we find a similar linear arrangement of
yellow margins.
HYDROPHILID&.
Helophorus.
All the species of this genus have rough uneven upper
surfaces and are no doubt protected in the same manner
as the species of Hlaphrus, when on the wet mud and
margins of pools, ete.
Spheridium scarabeoides, F., and S. bipustulatum, F.
Mr. Holland says of this genus, “the spotted species
look like lady-birds.” This would be of service to them
as the Coccinellide are known to be distasteful and are
mimicked by many groups.
Cercyon.
Of this genus, which mostly live in dung, Mr. Holland
suggests, “‘The red apex to the elytra of all the species
probably acts as a protection. When a cow-pad is dis-
turbed and the Cercyon laid bare, they dive at once head
first, thus exposing the posterior part, which is reddish,
like the dung.”
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, ete. 351
STAPHYLINIDA.
Atemeles.
Father Wasmann says of Zomechusa strumosa, which is
very like an Atemeles but larger (and the following remarks
will equally apply to our two species of Atemeles), that the
similarity between the beetle and the ant depends more
on deceptive reflexions of light, than upon real similarity
of form. He points out that the beetle lives in the midst
of the ants, and though away from them it does not in the
least suggest the appearance of an ant, when it sits in their
midst, the light reflected by the concave sides of the thorax
appears to the eye like the narrow back of the ant, while
the rolled-up abdomen of the beetle reflects the light in
the same way as the rounded abdomen of a large ant.
Consequently it is very difficult to detect them in their
normal environment.
Myrmedonia collaris, Payk.
When I took this beetle in numbers, with its host
Myrmica lxvinodis, in Wicken Fen, I also took with it
several specimens of an ichneumon, Jicrocryptus nigro-
cinctus, Grav. (9s). Both beetle and ichneumon are
coloured in the same way, being banded alternately black
and red, and much resembled each other when running
on the paper. Mr. Morley tells me “the coloration is
decidedly unusual in an ichneumonid.” On the other
hand, the colour of the beetle is also entirely different
from that of the rest of our species. This may be a
ease of true mimicry of the beetle for the ichneumon,
but the fact that they both have a superficial resemblance
to the ants might indirectly account for their mutual
similarity.
Myrmedonia funesta, Grav.
This beetle, which is found in and about the nests of
the jet ant, Laswws fuliginosus, is very like its host in
appearance ; the resemblance being caused, as pointed out
by Father Wasmann, by its glossy black colour, narrow
shape, and rolled-up abdomen. When disturbed its second
line of defence consists (Gn common with all the other
species of Myrmedonia and indeed with very many other
species of Coleoptera) in curling itself up; when remaining
352 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
motionless for some time, it looks like a small lump of
earth.
Astilbus canaliculatus, F.
This beetle also has a strong superficial resemblance to
an ant, especially when running. It is generally found
with ants, and may accompany a variety of species of
these Hymenoptera.
Sipalia testacea, Bris., Arena octavit, Fauv., Phytosus
balticus, Kr., and P. nigriventris, Chevr.
These small beetles occur under sea-weed on the sea-
shore and are so coloured as to escape detection amongst
the sand.
Emus hirtus, L.
This large beetle, though very rare in England, is
common on the Continent. It is clothed with golden
hair like a humble bee, and altogether has a general
Hymenopterous and dangerous look. Mr. A. Luff when
recording its capture in Alderney (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxvi,
p. 237) says, ‘‘ Rye says it resembles a humble bee in flight,
but Mr. Marquand says it looked more like a wasp, only
with the peculiar flight of a beetle.”
Ocypus olens, Miill.
This beetle has the habit, in common with most of the
Staphylinidx, of turning up the tail in a formidable-looking
manner when molested as if it could sting. This is one of
the examples pointed out by Wallace (Darwinism, p. 210).
It can also bite severely, and possesses two white “ stink
glands” which are exerted from the apex of the abdomen
when the insect is irritated.
Stilicus fragilis, Grav.
All the species of Stzlicws, more especially S. fragilis,
have a very ant-lhke appearance. S. fragilis has a red
thorax, and when it occurs at all, is to be found in numbers
in faggot-stacks, etc. I have taken it freely at. Shirley,
and when beaten out on to a paper the beetles remind one
most forcibly of the wood-ant Formica rufa. They also
have the habit of appearing on the top of a heap of faggot
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, ete. 3538
refuse in the sun, when they look like a crowd of ants on
the top of an ant-hill.
Stenus.
Mr. Holland suggests that the whole genus Stenus is
protected in the mud and wet places by the rough rugged
dorsal surface, much in the same way as Hlaphrus.
Oxyporus rufus, L.
This is a very conspicuous beetle of a bright red and
black colour, suggesting a “warning” or “aposematic ”
appearance. It feeds on certain species of fungi. Of
course experiments are needed to prove its inedibility.
Micralymma brevipenne, Gyll.
This small beetle occurs under stones, and under sea-
weed on large boulders below high-water mark. Canon
Fowler writes (Col. Brit. Isles, Vol. 11. p. 408): “I have taken
it a long way below high-water mark at Ventnor running
on stones in the sun in company with a species of Thysanura
which it probably preys on, and larger species of which it
rather strongly resembles at a little distance.” This may
be a case of Aggressive Mimicry (Pseudepisematic), the
beetle feeding on the Thysanura, or perhaps the Thysanura
is distasteful and the beetle mimics it, in which case it
would be Protective Mimicry (Pseudaposematic), but
more evidence is required before any certain conclusion
can be reached.
SILPHIDZ.
Necrophorus.
All the yellow-banded species of Necrophorus are very
conspicuous and are probably distasteful, especially as
they are carrion feeders. Probably also they are protected
by possessing the characteristic banding of so many species
of wasps.
Stilpha quadripwnctata, L.
This species has different habits from all the rest of the
genus, as it lives on oak trees and hunts for lepidopterous
larvee. It is also coloured differently, being yellow with
four black spots on the elytra, and is perhaps protected by
looking like a large lady-bird.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART II. (SEPT.) 24
B54 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
HISTERID.
All the species of this family are protected by their
oval shape and hardness. They also“ feign death,” when
the legs and antenne are packed close to the body, being
withdrawn into cavities fitted for their reception.
ister quadrimaculatus, L., H. purpurascens, Herbst.,
and H. bimaculatus, L.
These species, which are spotted with red, are probably
protected by their resemblance to Coccinellide. Of course,
as in many other examples of mimicry, they may also be
distasteful on their own account, affording instances of
Miillerian mimicry (Synaposematic Resemblance).
Saprinus virescens, Payk.
This beetle bears a strong superficial resemblance to the
Phytophagous beetle Phedon cochlearix, F., on the larve
of which it feeds. The Phedon is very common and lives
on mustard, watercress, etc., the Saprinws is much rarer.
It is probably an advantage to the Saprinus to mimic a
distasteful Phytophagous beetle and so be passed over by
birds, etc., whilst it feeds on its prey. This example is
beautifully shown in a show-case in the Natural History
Museum.
SCAPHIDID&.
Scaphidium quadrimaculatum, Ol.
This beetle has four red spots on the elytra and is
probably protected in the same way as the red-spotted
Histers.
CoccINELLID.
All the lady-birds are very gaily-coloured, red and yellow
spotted with black and white. They boldly walk about
without any attempt at concealment, as do also their
larvee. Both their larve and pupe are also brightly
spotted. The distastefulness of the perfect insects was
proved by Jenner Wier, and has since been confirmed by
both Poulton and Wallace.
ENDOMYCHID.
Dr. Sharp says (Camb. Nat. Hist., Insects, Pt. ii. p. 237)
that many Coccinellide are mimicked by HLndomychide.
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc. 355
This is in all probability Miillerian mimicry, as_ the
Endomychide are themselves much mimicked by other
groups.
Alexia pilifera, Miill.
This little beetle is very like the wingless form of the
small bug Myrmedobia coleoptrata, Fall. Douglas says in
the “ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine” (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
1874-5, p. 188)—“ I. coleoptrata was found on a bank at
Highgate in company with small black ants, but not in
their nests. Neither sex is like an ant, and the apterous
2 resembles the Coleopterous Alexia pilifera which was
found at the same time and place.” Many of the bugs
are known to be distasteful, and moreover the bug in
question is found in and about ants’ nests, which evidently
do not harm it, so it may be an advantage to the beetle
to resemble the bug.
Endomychus coccineus, L,
This beetle is of a bright red colour spotted with black
and bears a strong resemblance to a lady-bird.
EROTYLIDZ.
Triplax russica, L., and 7’. enea, Schall.
These two beetles, the one black, the other blue, with
a red thorax, look very much like species of Phytophaga.
Cyrtotriplax bipustulata, F.
This little species is black with a red spot on each
elytron and might easily be mistaken for a lady-bird.
NITIDULIDZ.
Soronia punctatissima, Ill, 8. grisea, L., and Amphotis
marginata, Kr.
These three beetles frequent trees where they are found
under, and in chinks of the bark, ete. The first two species
occur on “ cossus” trees, and the last on trees infested by
the ant Lasius fuliginosus. They are flat insects, coloured
like flakes of bark, which they would resemble when at
rest on the tree-trunks,
356 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
Omosita.
Our three species of Omosita live on old bones, half-
dried-up carcases, etc. Their colours are well adapted to
harmonise with their environment.
Melrgethes.
Mr. Holland suggests that the genus Meligethes and its
allies, and in fact all the small flower-frequenting species,
might well be passed over as anthers on the stamens of
the flowers.
Ips.
Our three species of Jps are all black insects spotted
with yellow and may suggest Coccinellidz.
TROGOSITIDE.
Thymalus limbatus, F.
This insect is found on boleti on trees and under bark
where boleti occur. It has always a mouldy appearance
and never looks like a live beetle, but rather like a bit of
mouldy bark, or patch of mould. Its shape, when sitting
flat against the tree, also increases this resemblance.
CoLYDIID&.
Cicones variegatus, Hellw.
This small beetle lives on tree-trunks among dry
powdery black fungi, and its variegated colour renders it
indistinguishable from its surroundings. In the New
Forest I have found that the best way to take it is, to
scrape the parts of trees which seemed most favourable
over paper, and then minutely to examine the débris,
MONOTOMIDA.
Monotoma conicicollis, Aubé,and WM. formicetorum, Thoms.
These two beetles, which live in the nest of the wood-
ant, Formica rufa, closely resemble little bits of wood, and
this renders them very difficult to detect when motionless
amongst the débris of the nest. Father Wasmann sug-
gests that by this means they are protected from the ants
themselves,
.
cr eT ee ee ee eee ee
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc. 357
MYCETOPHAGIDA.
Mycetophagus quadripustulatus, L.
This species has four yellow spots on the elytra, and
Mr. Holland suggests that it is probably protected by its
resemblance to a lady-bird.
DERMESTIDZ.
Dermestes murinus, L. °
Mr. Holland points out that the colour of this species
is well adapted for concealment in the fur of dead moles,
and in his experience it is generally found on that
animal. I personally have found it most frequently on
stoats, when it is by no means inconspicuous. This is
just one of those cases where experiment is required to
settle the matter. I am inclined to think that being a
carrion-feeder it is distasteful, and certainly at Chidding-
fold, where the insect was very plentiful on the dead
stoats hung up on trees by the gamekeepers, the beetles
were about for months and I never saw birds, or anything
else, interfering with them.
Dermestes lardarius, L.
Mr. Holland considers this beetle is coloured so as to
represent “bird droppings.”
BYRRHID&.
Byrrhus pilula, L.
All the species of this genus, which are called “ pill-
beetles,” “feign death” when disturbed. The legs and
antennee are packed close to the body, fitting imto cavities
for their reception, and the beetles then represent rabbits’
dung’, or little lumps of earth: they in no way suggest the
appearance of living beetles. When I mentioned this to
Mr. Holland, he told me that he takes several species
near Oxford, among the rabbit dung, round the roots of
“tussocks ” of grass, where rabbits have been feeding ; and
that they are certainly well protected in such situations.
GEORYSSIDA.
Georyssus pygmaeus, FF,
This little beetle, which is found on the wet mud in
358 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
damp ditches, etc., is always completely covered by a
coating of mud, and when motionless is of course quite
invisible. It is very curious, when one is looking for it,
to see what is apparently a bit of mud get up and walk
away. This is one of the best instances of adventitious
protection (Allocryptic Resemblance) we possess in our
Coleoptera.
HETEROCERID.
Heterocerus. 7
Mr. Holland considers that the species of this genus are
well protected, on the wet mud in which they live, by
their “silky coats” which harmonise well with their sur-
roundings and render them very inconspicuous.
SCARABHIDE.
Onthophagus.
All the species of this genus live in and about dung,
and are of a colour which conceals them well in these
surroundings.
Aphodius.
Mr. Holland says, “The genus Aphodius are chiefly
coloured like Cercyon, and have the same protective habits
except that they are less active.” Some of them are
entirely red or brown. The large black species “feign
death.” They nearly all occur in dung.
Geotrupes.
The species of this genus also “feign death.” I have
noticed this in particular with G’. vernalis which I used to
capture on Wimbledon Common. I once picked up what
I thought was a dead specimen and was agreeably sur-
prised to find that it was very much alive.
Hoplia philanthus, Fiiss., Homaloplia ruricola, F., and
Serica brunnea, L.
Mr. Holland suggests that these beetles are all, more or
less, like brown leaf scales, or bits of brown leaf, etc.
Lhizotrogus solstitralis, L.
Mr. Holland considers that this beetle is protected by
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, ete. 359
its hairy coat which resembles lichen-covered branches,
etc. It hides during the day and comes out and flies about
at dusk, a habit common to many of the Melolonthina.
Melolontha vulgaris, F., and MW. happocostani, F.
Mr. Holland says, “ Big as they are, they are very incon-
spicuous in the lichen-covered hawthorn trees they so
largely frequent. Even in the beating-tray where they
‘feign death’ at first, their mealy brown backs look like
a bit of lichen-covered bark.” Judging from the remains
one finds about, it is probable that they are both palat-
able and much attacked.
Anomala frischu, F.
Mr. Holland considers this beetle is protected in the
‘same way as Hoplia philanthus ete.
Cetonia aurata, L.
Mr. Holland well describes the protection of this species.
He says, “ Cetonia aurata looks a most conspicuous object
in a drawer, but look for it where it loves to be, with its
head and forepart buried in a flower-head of Viburnum
opulus, the projecting hind part slashed with wavy whitish
marks like pollen flakes, and dusted with real pollen as
the result of its own activity, and the beetle is hardly to
be seen at all.”
Gnorimus variabilis, L., and G. nobiles, L.
These two species also have protective white marks on
the dorsal surface of the posterior part of the body, similar
to those of the Cetonia.
Trichius fasciatus, L., and 7. abdominalis, Mén.
These two beetles are banded with yellow and black,
and clothed with yellow and golden hairs, much resemb-
ling humble bees, both at rest, and during flight. The
gardener at Dall House, Rannoch, told Professor Beare
and me, that he had often mistaken them (7. fasciatus)
for bees when he had seen them about the flowers in the
garden.
360 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
BUPRESTIDZ.
Anthaxia nitidula, L.
This beautiful beetle is of a brilliant emerald green
colour, and, as pointed out by Mr. Holland, looks some-
what like a Chrysis. The Continental form, with purple
thorax and, cyaneous elytra, resembles the same model
even more closely, as does the reputed British species,
A. saliweis, :
THROSCIDA.
Throscus.
The species of this genus “feign death” by packing the
legs close to the body, when they look exactly like small
brown seeds.
ELATERIDA,
Elater.
The Elaters “feign death,” and their ability to “skip,”
in common with the rest of the family, is no doubt of great
use to them. Mr. Holland points out that many of them
possess a colour and shape suggesting the appearance of
bits of dry brown stick. The bright red species may
mimic the conspicuous genus Pyrochroa.
Lacon murinus, L., Corymbites tessellatus, F., and
C. holosericeus, F.
Mr. Holland considers that the first of these beetles
with its mealy uneven surface, and the two others with
their uneven patches of silky pubescence, look like mottled-
grey weathered pieces of stick.
Campylus linearis, L.
This beetle has much the appearance of a Telephorus,
and, like several species of that genus, it possesses two
forms, a red and a blue. The Zelephoride are known to
be distasteful.
MALACODERMIDA. |
Eros aurora, Herbst., Pyropterus affinis, Payk., and
Platycis minutus, F.
These three species are bright scarlet in colour and very
conspicuous. It is most probable that they are distasteful
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc. 361
and good instances of warning colours, as the Lycina, to
which they belong, are much mimicked by other groups.
Lampyris noctiluca, L.
Wallace considers that the light in the glow-worm is a
warning colour, as the male, eggs and larve are all
luminous as well as the female, though the latter is by far
the most luminous. (Darwinism, p. 267.) Poulton on
the other hand thinks that the light is a sexual attraction,
and that the males are assisted in their search by the light
of the females. In the former case they would come under
the head of Aposematic colours, and in the latter of
Epigamic colours. As Professor Poulton suggests, it
would be well to find out, when in the life of the ? the
light is brightest and most constantly displayed, whether
in the virgin state, or before all copulation is over. The
females are probably distasteful, for they as well as the
larvee are coloured yellow and black, looking rather like
a large lady-bird larva: furthermore they le about by
dozens in the day-time in sand-pits, etc., without appear-
ing to make any attempt to hide themselves. The males
on the other hand bury themselves in the earth during
the day, as I frequently noticed with specimens I was
experimenting with at Chiddingfold.
TELEPHORIDA.
The TZelephoride as before stated are inedible. Mr.
Jenner Weir found that they were refused by small birds.
They are conspicuous red and black insects, and most of
them are common, and no doubt good examples of warning
colours. They walk and fly about without any attempt at
concealment, sitting together in numbers on the flowers of
umbelliferee, etc. They are mimicked by many other
species of Coleoptera. In the Lepidoptera one of the
footmen, rubricollis, is very like a large Telephorus. When
I first saw it in the New Forest, I thought for the moment
that it was a grand new species of that genus.
Malachius zneus, L.
_ This beetle, with its large vivid red patches on the elytra,
is evidently a good case of warning colours. It is found
on flowers and herbage in meadows, etc.
362 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
Psilothrix nobilis, Ill., and Dolichosoma lineare, Rossi.
These two species, which are of a metallic-green colour,
much resemble Phytophaga. The former is very common
on flowers in the Isle of Wight, Chesil Beach, ete.
I have found that my lizards (1 Lacerta viridis; 2 Lacerta
muralis, v. tuiguerta; and 2 Lacerta agilis) won't touch
the former species.
CLERID.
Tillus elongatus, L.
This beetle is very like a Lema, or Crioceris (Phytophaga).
It has two forms, a black, and a blue with a red thorax,
the latter being the more common of the two. In Lema,
L. melanopa has a red thorax, while the other species are
unicolorous.
Tillus unifasciatus, F., Tarsostenus wnivittatus, Rossi
and Thanisimus formicarius, L.
These three beetles are all very good mimics of the
fiercely stinging Mutillas.
Necrobia and Corynetes.
All the species of these two genera are much like
Phytophaga. The Cleride are themselves mimicked by
other groups, so all these cases may be Miillerian, and not
Batesian mimicry.
LYMEXYLONIDZ.
Lymexylon navale, L.
This beetle is somewhat like a T'clephorus in appearance.
PTINIDA.
Niptus hololewcus, Fald., N. crenatus, F., Mezium affine,
Boield., and Gibbiwm scotias, F.
All these beetles bear a strong resemblance to spiders,
as do, more or less, the species of the genus Ptinus.
At present we do not know the reason or the advantage
of this mimicry. Spiders are extremely liable to the
attacks of insectivorous foes. These beetles are found in
old houses, cellars, lofts, and similar places where spiders
abound.
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Minuery, ete. 363
CERAMBYCID.
Aromia moschata, L.
Mr. Holland suggests, “This beetle is very like the
specially protected Cantharis.” It smells strongly of
musk, and sits about in a conspicuous manner on umbels,
etc.; it is most probably distasteful on its own account.
Hylotrupes bajulus, L.
Mr. Holland points out that the smaller forms of this
beetle are “ wonderfully like a species of Telephorus.”
Callidium variabile, L.
This Longicorn is also very like a Telephorus. It has
two forms, a blue and a red, as have several species of
Telephorus.
Callidiwm alni, L.
This pretty little beetle, with its red and white stripes
on a black ground, is a good mimic of a Mutvlla.
Clytus arietis, L.
This beetle is black banded with yellow and bears
during life a strong superficial resemblance to a wasp. A
cabinet specimen closely examined is-certainly not much
like the Hymenopterous insect, but when at large flying
about, and settling on stumps, as it loves to do, its move-
ments, combined with its colour, are very wasp-like.
Professor Poulton writes (Colours of Animals, p. 250): “But
the most remarkable point in the resemblance can only be
appreciated by observing the living insect. When walking
the slender wasp-like legs are moved in a rapid somewhat
jerky manner, very different from the usual stolid cole-
opterous stride, but remarkably like the active movements
of a wasp, which always seem to imply the perfection of
training.” It is also probable that it is distasteful in itself
as Mr. Shelford shows that the Clytinz, as a group, in
Borneo are much mimicked by other Longicornes (Brit.
Ass. Report, 1900, p. 795).
Clytus mysticus, L.
The colours of this beetle afford a good likeness of a
Mutilla.
364 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
Molorchus minor, L., and M. wmbellatarwm, L.
These beetles have very short elytra and the true wings
are exposed. They much resemble Jchnewmonide. Mr.
Holland considers the former a mimic of a Mutilla.
Rhagium inquisitor, F., and &. indagator, Gyll.
These species, like many other Longicornes, are coloured
in such a way as closely to resemble the appearance of
lichen on trees. The former is often found walking on
lichen-covered oak trunks. The latter, which in the
British Islands is only found in Scotland, is very hard to
find, as Professor Beare and I experienced at Rannoch.
It conceals itself in the crevices of weather-beaten fir
stumps.
Lhagium brfasciatum, F.
Of this beetle, which lives in fir and pine woods, Mr.
Holland says, “It closely resembles a flake of pine bark.”
Toxotus meridianus, Panz.
This beetle, with its broad shoulders, spined thorax and
long straggling legs, looks at first sight more like a
Hymenopterous insect than a beetle.
Pachyta cerambyciformis, Schr.
This beetle, which is yellow spotted with black (character-
istic warning colours), flies rather like, and rather suggests
a wasp-like insect.
Pachyta collaris, L. .
It is of a blue-black colour with a red thorax, and much
resembles the Phytophagous genus Lema.
Anoplodera sexguittata, F.
This beetle is black spotted with yellow (warning
colours). Mr. Holland considers it “ wasp-like.”
Strangalia aurulenta, F., S. quadrifasciata, L., and S.
armata, Herbst.
These three species are all yellow striped with black
and look like wasps or other Hymenoptera. As before
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc. 365
stated yellow and black stripes are the commonest warn-
ing colours. I have seen several specimens of S. armata
at Chiddingfold hovering over flowers and bushes, rising
and falling, when they looked very like Hymenoptera (I
have observed the same thing in Pachyta cerambyciformis).
It is very common for Longicornes to mimic Hymenoptera
all over the world.
Grammoptera preusta, F.
This insect is a very good mimic of a Zelephorus (or
rather of Rhagonycha, having the apex of the elytra black).
It is found on the flowers of hawthorn, and in this country
is practically confined to the New Forest.
Acanthocinus xdilis, L.
Mr. Holland says this beetle is “very like a flake of
pine bark.” I proved this to be the case last year at
Rannoch. Having found a mutilated specimen on the top
of a fir post, I remarked to my friend Professor Beare, that
it had been fighting. Examining the post more closely I
saw what appeared to be the remains of a pair of antennz
and said, “ Here are the antenne of another.” They turned
out to belong toa perfect specimen. I was looking straight
at it, but being in a slight depression of the weather-beaten
post, it looked just like a piece of bark.
Leiopus nebulosus, L., and Mesosa nubila, Ol.
These species are mottled and coloured somewhat
like lichens. They occur on fallen boughs, faggots, etc.,
and exhibit a very perfect colour-harmony with their
surroundings.
Pogonochxrus,
The colours of our three species of this genus with their
white patches and uneven elytra undoubtedly resemble
lichens on boughs. Professor Beare and I were both
taken in by P. bidentatus in thee New Forest. We were
examining a heap of lichen-covered logs, on the underside
of one of which were two specimens of this species. We
held the log up, with the underside turned upwards, so
that we were looking straight at the beetles and yet failed
to see them until they ran and fell to the ground, one
specimen being lost.
366 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
Saperda carcharias, L.
This big beetle, which frequents the poplar, is con-
spicuous enough when it sits on the leaves, but as my
friend Mr. Bouskell pointed out to me, when it sits close
against a medium-sized bough, or on a rough part of the
trunk of the tree, it is very difficult to see, resembling a
knot or irregularity of the surface.
Saperda scalaris, L., and S. populnea, L.
Mr. Holland says, “ Saperda populnea and scalaris are by
their lichen-like mottling well protected on trees.” I must
confess that I was at first rather sceptical about this, for
when I took S. populnea on Wimbledon Common, it was
to be found in numbers on the pollard aspen bushes and
very conspicuous. I have no doubt however that the same
remarks will apply to these species as to S. carcharias :
moreover, pollard bushes are not a natural form of
environment.
Tetrops preusta, L.
This little beetle is a splendid mimic of a small species
of Telephorus.
Oberea oculata, L.
Oberca oculata with its grey elytra, red thorax and
underside, black spots on the thorax, and black head and
antenne, looks in a drawer about as conspicuous a beetle
as one could wish to see, and yet in its natural surround-
ings, on the sallow bushes in the Fens, this is by no means
the case. The blue-grey elytra match the undersides of
the sallow leaves very well, while the red underside of
the beetle harmonises with the branches. Any one who
has searched systematically for it will agree that it is a
very well protected species, and that it is assisted by
concealment in holding its own in the struggle for life.
BRUCHIDA.
Bruchus ater, Marsh.
My friend Mr. Morley writes to me, “The Heteropteron
(Caspidx) Peciloscytus gyllenhali, Fall., exactly resembles
Bruchus ater when swept up in a frightened and doubled-
up posture, as I found at Stanstead Wood, Suffolk, last
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, ete. 367
June.” I would suggest that the Bruchus mimics the
bug, as many bugs are known to be distasteful. This of
course requires experimental proof.
CHRYSOMELIDS,
The Phytophaga are considered to be all more or less
distasteful, and no doubt justly so. Many species have
been proved to be so, and the group is mimicked by
various orders of beetles throughout the world. They also
exhibit synaposematic colours and patterns, both within
the group and with other distasteful groups outside.
Clythra quadripunctata, L.
This beetle is superficially very like a lady-bird ; in fact
I consider it to be a mimic of Coccinella distincta, F. Both
species pass the earlier stages of their lives in the nest of
the wood ant Formica rufa. At the same time Clythra
may be distasteful on its own account, and thus provide
an example of Miillerian mimicry, a question which I hope
to settle this year.
Timarcha.
The species of this genus are of a blue-black aposematic
colour. They may be seen in the spring in numbers on
grassy downs, or in lanes, marching slowly along with
deliberate tread. When handled they eject from the
mouth a clear blood-red liquid, which no doubt is a means
of defence. From this habit they have gained the name
of “bloody-nose beetles.”
Melasoma populi, L.
This beetle has a bright blue head and thorax, and red
elytra. It has been proved to be distasteful by Professor
Weismann, and is quoted by Professor Poulton as an
instance of warning colours (Colours of Animals, p. 177).
I sent a number of live specimens from Wicken Fen to
the Zoological Gardens to be offered to various insect-
eaters by Mr. Beddard, who had kindly agreed to conduct
such experiments for me. He says, “They were pecked
at, but finally refused, though killed, by Shama, Pyed
Mynab, Laughing Jackass, and Brambling. The Drongo
and Graculipica nigrirostris ate several with pleasure.” It
368 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
appears to me that their refusal by so many insect-eaters
in confinement conclusively proves their distastefulness,
Phytodecta,
The species of this genus, especially the black spotted
P. rufipes, De G., and P. viminalis, L., much resemble
Coceinellide. Ihave found that my lizards will not touch
Phytodecta vimmmalis, and this is an instance, probably, of
common warning colours.
Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata, L.
This beetle is of a yellow colour with four black spots
on the elytra and superficially resembles a_lady-bird.
With my friend Mr. Bouskell I have taken it in numbers
in Bradgate Park. It sits about on the skull-cap, and is
very conspicuous, and I should expect distasteful.
Creprdodera transversa, Marsh., and C. ferruginea, Scop.
These species “jump” strongly. I think they are also
protected by resembling in colour and shape the brown
seeds which one sweeps up with them. I sent some of
these beetles, which were very abundant at Oulton Broad,
to Professor Poulton mounted on card with some of the
seeds. He was very much struck with the resemblance.
T also sent live specimens to the Zoological Gardens. Mr.
Beddard says, “They were eaten by Racket-tailed Drongo,
Shama, Pyed Mynah, and New Zealand Thrush. The
Chaffinch did not appear to notice the insect.” It is
therefore probable that they are edible, as might be
expected if my conclusions with regard to their resemblance
to seeds are correct.
Cassida.
Most of the species in this genus are protected by being
green like the plants they frequent, and are indeed very
difficult to see when sitting on the green leaves, etc. The
margin of the thorax and elytra projects beyond the body
and forms a rim all round. On this account they are
called “tortoise” beetles. I would suggest that this
serves as a means of defence, acting like the wings and
especially the “ tails” of hindwings of many butterflies. I
took a specimen of C. equestris, F., in Wicken Fen with
what was evidently a bite out of the margin of the thorax
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimiery, etc. 369
and elytra. When so attacked the beetle would then fall
to the ground and probably escape. I sent this specimen
to Professor Poulton, who agrees with my interpretation.
I sent live specimens of the common C. viridis, F. (which
is found on thistles, its green colour rendering it very hard
to see) to the Zoological Gardens. They were eaten by all
the birds they were offered to.
Cassida murrea, L.
This species presents a very interesting case ; it has two
forms, a red and a green. The green form is protected by
its colour on the green leaves of the food-plant, flea-bane.
The red form is very like a lady-bird. When Mr. J. J.
Walker and I took the beetle near Oxford, he was taken
in by it at first. He saw the first specimen, a red one,
and looked at it for a short time, thinking it was only
the common Coccinella septempunctata. Protessor Poulton
compares this case with Precis sesamus, among buttertlies,
which has a cryptic underside and habits, while its wet
season form (JP. octavia) is very conspicuous and probably
pseudaposematic.
TENEBRIONID&.
Opatrum sabulosum, Gyll.
Mr. Holland points out that in certain districts this
beetle is covered with chalk, etc. He says, “ The intervals
between the rugosities of their upper sides are filled with
chalk and other dirt.” They are clean in some districts,
but are generally hidden at the roots of herbage, etc. I
should say that they are always cryptic and frequently
allocryptic.
Phaleria cadaverina, F.
This beetle, which is only found on the sea-coast, 1s
coloured exactly like the sand on which it occurs.
Platydema violaceum, F., and Scaphidema metallicum, ¥F.
These two species, the former of which is a metallic
violet and the latter a bronze, closely resemble Phytophaga.
Helops pallidus, Curt.
This is another sand-coloured beetle closely resembling
its habitat, the sea-shore.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART II. (SEPT.) 25
370 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
MELANDRYID&,
Tetratoma fungorum, F.
This pretty little violet and red beetle is also very like
a species of Phytophaga.
Osphya bypunctata, F.
This species is exceedingly like a Telephorus, the 2g
resembling some of the black species, and the 9? the red.
Some of the red species of Zelephorus have forms with
black elytra. O. bipwnctata is a rare and local insect,
occurring on hawthorn blossoms on which the Zelephoride
of course abound,
(EDEMERID.
Gdemera nobilis, Scop., and O. lurida, Marsh.
These two species are also very like Phytophaga: they
are taken by sweeping flowers and herbage in places where
Phytophaga are liable to occur in abundance.
Oncomera femorata, F.
This beetle occurs in the autumn, and is nocturnal in
its habits, coming out at night on to ivy-blossoms. It
hides during the day, and, as Mr. Holland says, looks like
a bit of dry curled autumn leaf or a bit of dry brown stick.
Such an appearance would assist it in escaping attention.
Nacerdes melanura, L.
This is another beetle which is exceedingly like a Tele-
phorus. It lives in decayed wood, such as “sea-breakers,”
etc., but is often taken on the wing.
PYROCHROIDA,
Pyrochroa.
Our three species are all bright scarlet, and very con-
spicuous insects. The largest, P. coccinea, L., has a black
head. They sit about openly on the herbage, etc., and
are most probably distasteful, and good examples of warn-
ing colours.
Cases of Protectwe Resemblance, Mimicry, ete. 371
RHIPIDOPHORIDA.
Metecus paradoxus, L.
This curious beetle is parasitic on, and lives in the nests
of, wasps. Though unlike a wasp in appearance, it cer-
tainly suggests a Hymenopterous insect rather than a
beetle.
ANTHICID&.
Notoxus monoceros, L.
This beetle, which is found in sandy places, is coloured
so as to promote concealment in such situations. It is
also, in common with most of the genus Anthicus, some-
what ant-like in appearance.
Anthicus bimaculatus, Ill.
This beetle is found on the coast, and is coloured
differently from all the rest of the genus, being like the
sand on which it occurs.
MELOID.
Meloé.
These beetles are called “oil beetles,’ because of the
yellow fluid which exudes from their limbs when handled,
and which no doubt possesses distasteful properties. They
are large, heavy creatures, and crawl about regardless of
danger. Their colours are doubtless aposematic.
Sitaris muralis, Forst.
This beetle is parasitic on certain bees (Andrenzx), and
is found about their burrows. It has the true wings
exposed, and is very like a Hymenopterous insect in
appearance.
Lytta vesicatoria, L.
This species is of a bright metallic green colour, and as
Mr. Holland says, “it is showy and probably unpalatable.”
It is the well-known ‘Spanish fly,” or “blister beetle,”
and its properties would no doubt render it distasteful.
The Cantharidz are mimicked in other countries.
372 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
ANTHRIBIDZ.
Anthribus albinus, L.
Anthribus is very like a “bird’s dropping,” or a bit of
lichen-covered bark. It lives in old stumps, etc., its
colouring being well suited to the surroundings.
CURCULIONID.
Apoderus coryli, L., and Attelabus curculionoides, L.
These two beetles are bright red in colour; the former
sits on the young leaves of hazel, and the latter on oak.
Canon Fowler says of Apoderus (Col. Brit. Isles, v., p. 118):
“Tt 1s very conspicuous as it sits on the leaves in the
sun.” Both species may be passed over for Coccinellide.
When disturbed they drop instantly.
Otiorrhynchus fuscipes, Walt.
When Mr. Chitty and I were beating bushes on Purley
Downs, we took a number of these beetles. Large brown
berries about the size of the beetle kept falling into the
beating-tray with it, and we were much struck with the
resemblance between the insect and the fruit.
Polydrusus tereticollis, De G.
I noticed in Tilgate Forest in 1891 that this beetle was
very like the buds of the birch which were beaten off with
it. I mounted several specimens on cards with the buds.
These I have sent to Professor Poulton, who was very
pleased to add them to the collection illustrating insect
bionomics which he is making in the Hope Department.
Polydrusus confluens, Steph.
This beetle bears a strong superficial resemblance to
Sitones regensteinensis, Herbst. Both species are found on
the broom, the Polydrusus being much the rarer of the
two. I do not know what is the reason for, or the ad-
vantage there may be in, this mimicry. ? Syncryptic if
both are concealed on broom, like the resemblance between
insects on pine-needles or lichen.
Philopedon geminatus, F.
Of this beetle Mr. Holland says, “ Among the sand and
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc. 373
grey-green foliage of the sea-shore, it is well protected by
colour.”
Hypera fasciculata, Herbst.
This species, with its variegated markings, is very diffi-
cult to see under the Erodium plants on the sand where it
occurs,
Cleonus sulcirostris, L.
Mr. Holland has taken specimens of this beetle of a
reddish colour upon the red sands of Boars Hill, near
Oxford. The insects harmonised well with the ground on
which they occurred, and were very different in colour
from the ordinary grey forms that occur at Deal, ete.
This is a very interesting case, and, as pointed out by
Professor Poulton (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1899, p. 430), it is
reasonable to suppose that these colours, which certainly
harmonise with the ground of each locality, are protective.
LInmobius mixtus, Boh.
I think I have found a parallel case to Mr. Holland’s
red Cleonus sulcirostris in Limobius mixtus. At Deal,
where it is found at the roots of Erodium on the sand-
hills, it is of a yellow colour well suited to its surroundings.
Last April I took two specimens on the Chesil Beach,
among the white pebbles, of a white colour. Of course
further specimens are required to prove this case, but no
doubt many such cases will be found when looked for.
Inaus paraplecticus, L.
This curious beetle, which occurs on Sium latifolium at
Wicken, etc., looks very much like some of the attenuated
bugs one sees on rushes and water-plants.
Hylobius abietis, L., Pissodes pint, L., and P. notatus, F.
Of these beetles Mr. Holland says: “They are found on
fir trees, and being patched and dotted over with yellow,
look like objects which are characteristic of their sur-
roundings.”
Plinthus caliginosus, F.
This species may be quoted as another instance of
374 Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
adventitious colouring. It is often found with its rough
dorsal surface coated with chalk and dirt.
Grypidius equeseti, F,
Of this beetle Mr. Morley writes to me: “A spider
occurs in the Bramford Marshes on the reeds, and when it
is curled up in the net, frightened, the closeness of its
superficial resemblance to Grypidius equiseti (which occurs
in the same pond sparingly) is very striking.’ I am
inclined to think the beetle presents a rather close re-
semblance to “bird’s droppings,” and that both the spider
and the beetle are similarly protectively coloured, thus
accounting for their resemblance to each other. (Syn-
cryptic resemblance. )
Cionus scrophulariz, L.
This beetle is also rather like a bit of “bird’s dropping.”
Mr. Holland tells me that the cluster of its slimy-looking
larvee on the top of the fig-wort is an exact imitation of
the bunch of slimy-looking unopened flower-heads, while
the pupa is just as good an imitation of its bunch of seeds.
Cronus blattarie, F.
This little species is a still better imitation of bird’s
excreta.
Orobitis cyaneus, L.
This small beetle when “ feigning death” with the legs
and rostrum packed up is in shape and appearance exactly
like a small blue seed.
Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, L.
This beetle is another splendid imitation of the drop-
pings of birds. I remember finding it in plenty on some
willows at Barrow-on-Soar. Beneath the willows was a
bed of nettles upon which many of the beetles had fallen,
and their appearance suggested that a number of birds
had been roosting in the trees above.
Acalles.
Mr. Bennett suggests that all the species of this genus
are extremely like the dead buds which one beats with
them from old hedges.
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc. 375
Caliodes didymus, F. (quadrimaculatus, L.), and Ceuthor-
rhynchus urtice, Boh,
These two beetles both occur on nettles and are some-
times found together, the Cewthorrhynchus, however, being
much the rarer of the two. They bear so strong a super-
ficial resemblance to each other that only an experienced
coleopterist would distinguish between them, Mr. Beddard
quotes this (The Coloration of Animals, p. 221) as one
of his cases of apparently useless mimicry, but it may be
an example of syncryptic resemblance.
Ceuthorrhynchus and Ceuthorrhynchidius,
Many of the species in these two genera are clothed
with patches of brown and white scales and hairs, and,
when “feigning death,” resemble bits of earth and other
inanimate objects.
Rhinonchus.
This genus, with its patches of yellow on a darker
ground, is protected in the same way.
I now give a table of all the species mentioned in this
paper classified according to Professor Poulton’s method as
brought forward in his book “The Colours of Animals,”
and since extended.
[For the table above referred to see pages 376 and 377.]
376
Mr. H. Donisthorpe on
ie APATETIC COLOURS. ;
Colours resembling some part of the environment
or the appearance of another species.
A. Cryptic
Protective and Aggres-
sive Resemblances.
1. Procryptic Colours.—
Protective Resem-
blances.
Nebria complanata.
Amara fulva.
Aépus marinus and A.
robinii.
Demetrias wnipuncta-
tus.
Sipalia testacea,
Arena octavit.
Phytosus balticus and
P. nigriventris.
Phaleria cadaverina.
Helops pallidus.
Notoxus monoceros.
Anthicus bimaculatus.
Chlenius vestitus,
sandstone.
Cleonus sulcirostris, red
form on red sandstone.
Philopedon geminatus, on
sand among herbage,
etc.
Limobius mixtus, white
form, on Chesil Beach
with white stones.
Elaphrus.
Bembidiwm
dosum.
Tachypus pallipes
and 7. flavipes.
Helophorus.
Stenus.
Heterocerus.
Ceuthorrhynchus.
Ceuthorrhynchidius.
Rhinonchus.
Myriedonia, when
feigning death.
Cercyon.
Onthophagus.
Aphodius.
Byrrhus pilula.
rabbit’s dung.
Dermestes =
“oylT-purg
on
palu-
‘soovrd AYysreuL
SHIQ OYIT pur pnurjem uo
"YqIBe JO
Anthribus albinus.
Grypidius equiseti.
Cionus scrophula-
Tie.
Cionus blattaric.
Cryptorrhynchusla-
pathi.
Soronia.
Amphotis nargin-
ata.
Cicones
tus.
Rhizotrogus
stitialis.
Melolontha vulga-
ris, and M, hip-
pocastani.
“oyT[- Sud
-doip s.pilg
variega-
sol-
*“1nd090 Aeyy YOIyA
uo yreq IYO pur
PeI9A09-UdYdIT OXIT
Colours.— |} B. Pseudosematie
and Signalling.
1. Pseudoposematic Col-
ours.—Protective or
Batesian Mimicry.
(These may be in part
Synaposematic = Miil-
lerian mimics rather
than true or Batesian
mimics. The question
can only be decided by
laborious experiments.
Clivina.
Dyschivius.
Brachinus crepitans,
Atemeles.
Myrmedonia.
Astilbus canalicula-
tus.
Stilicus fragilis.
Anthicus.
Myrmedonia colla-
vis (2)
Molorchus minor. =
M. umbellatarum. ) &
Tillus unifasciatus.
Tarsostenus univit-
tatus. |
Thanisimus formica- |
‘OMIT-QUY
-neuyoy
rius.
Callidium alni.
Clytus inysticus.
Emus hirtus.
Trichius fasciatus,
and 7’. abdomina-
lis.
Clytus avietis.
Toxotus neridianus.
Pachyta cerambyci-
formis.
Anoplodera 6 gut-
tata.
OMIT-P INN
Strangalia auru-
lenta.
S. 4 fasciata and S.
armata.
Metoecusparadoxus.
Sitaris muralis.
Lebia cyanocephala
and L. chlorocep-
hala.
Drypta dentata.
Saprinus virescens.
Triplax vussica and
T. cenea.
Psilothrix nobilis.
OAT]
-snoroydouew fF] pur ‘seq ‘dsv a,
=
S
Ss
Dolichosomalineare. \B.
Tillus elongatus. &
Pachyta collaris. S
Platydema viola- | &
ceum. B
Scaphidema metalli-
cum.
Tetratoma fungorum.
Oedemera nobilis and
0. lurida.
II. SEmMatic CoLourRs.
Warning and Signalling
Colours.
1. Aposematic Colours.
—Warning Colours in-
cluding Synaposematic
or Common Warning
Colours (= Miillerian
mimicry.)
Carabus violace-) B®
us and é| O'S iy
catenulatus, a2.
etc. Fae
Timarcha. aa 6
Meloé. o
Panageus crux-) P42
major and P,4|s5 22
pustulatus, 3o8
Oxyporus rufus. a a
Necrophorus, yel- PL
low and black | ¢ ™3
species. Sor
Coccinellide, fof
Telephoride, a * A,
Eros aurora. = é to
Pyropterus affinis.| 5.3 5
. . =e Us
Platycis minutus. \S 2 =
Malachius wneus. | & 2 5
Pyrochroa. ins
Phytophaga. Metallic
‘‘ warning” colours.
Endomychide E
and Coccinel- eset
lide. SZeP2e
Aromia ‘“mos- 78 gs
chata and 5 BOS
Lytta vesica-|* ®& F<
toria. ‘
III. EPIcaMIc |
CoLouURS.
Colours dis- |
played in Court-
ship.
Lampyris noc-
tiluca, light in
? (considered |
Aposematic by
A. R. Wallace.)
|
i
|
}
Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, ete.
I. APATETIC COLOURS.
Colours resembling some part of the environment
or the appearance of another species.
1. Procryptic Colours
(continued).
Rhagium inquisi-
tor, and R. bifas-
ciatum, and R.
indagator.
Acanthocinus cedilis.
Leiopus nebulosus.
Mesosa nubila.
Pogonocherus.
Saperda carcharias,
S: scalaris and 8.
populnea.
Hylobius abictis.
Pissodes pini and
P. notatus.
‘aAT, LOY YOIYA uO yrVq
PAI] PeIMo[oH 19YAO puv partoaoo-ueyor] oyVT
: g
Laccophilus. S
Agabus nebulosus. | =
Agabus conspersus. )g
Dytiscus. =I
Acilius. g
a
Broscus cephalotes.
“‘ Reigning death.”
Geotrupes. ‘* Feigning
death.”
Monotoma formice- =
torwm. °
Monotoma conici- 5,
collis. as
Elater (brown spe- | 2
cies). en ie
Lacon murinus. Qs
Corymbites — tessel- | S 3:
latus. 5
Corymbites holoseri- a
ceus. =
Hoplia philanthus.) »
Homaloplia ruri-|$ Si
cola. 26
Serrica brunnca. (“ =
Anomala frischiit, | 32
Oncomera femorata. ) > '
Throsecus. ue
Crepidodera — ferru- | &
ginea. au
Otiorrhynchus —_fus- =
cipes. A
Orobitis cyancus. ;
Polydrusus tereticollis.
Bud-like.
Acalles. Bud-like,
Cetonia aurata and C.
floricola. Useful white
pollen flake-like marks.
Gnorimus nobilis and G.
variabilis. Ditto ditto.
Meligethes. Stamen-like
Cassida. Green forms on
green leaves,
Oberea oculata.
low bushes.
Omosita. On bones.
Thymalus limbatus. On
boleti.
Dermestes murinus. On
fur.
On sal-
2. Pseudosematic Colours
(continued).
Spheridium scarabe-
oides and S. bipustu-
latwm.
Silpha 4 punctata.
ister 4 maculatus,
HT, purpurascens and
HZ. bimaculatus.
Scaphidium 4 macu-
latum.
Cyrtotiiplax bipustu-
lata.
Ips.
Mycetophagus 4 pus-
tulatus.
Clythra 4 punctata.
Phytodecta.
Phyllobrotica 4 macu-
lata.
Cassida murrea, red
form.
Apoderus coryli.
Attelabus curculioni-
des.
Campylus linearis.
Lymexylon navale.
Hylotrupes bajulus.
Callidium variabile.
Grammoptera preusta.
Tetrops preusta.
Osphia bipunctata.
Nacerdes melanura.
Elater, red species. Py-
rochroa-like.
“OHT]-,, PAlq-Apv’y ,,
“OYL[-Snw0yda/aT
Alexia pilifera. 3
Bruchus ater. =
Lizus paraplecti- (36
cus. ~
Anthaxia nitidula. Chry-
sis-like.
Niptus hololeucus
and NV. erenatus. ety
Mezium affine. tS!
Gibbium scotias. ae
Ptinus.
2. Pseudepisematic Col-
ours. Aggressive Mi-
micry and Alluring
Colours.
Micralymma brevipenne
and the Thysanura it
feeds on?
377
a APATETIC COLOURS.
Colours. resembling some part of the |
environment or the appearance of |
another species.
1. Procryptic Colours (continued).
2. Allocryptic
Colours.
Gcoryssus pygGmeuUs.
Opatrum sabulosum.
rough dorsal surface.
Colours = Adventitious
|
With coat of mud.
With dirt on
Plinthus caliginosus. With dirt on rough |
dorsal surface.
SEPTEMBER 30, 1901.
XIV. Sexual dimorphism in Buprestis sanguinea, Pabr., a
species occurring in Spain, and new to the Huropean
list. By GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
[Read October 2nd, 1901.]
PEATE SEL
DURING a recent visit to Aragon, July 27th—Aug. 8th,
Dr. Chapman and I made various excursions to the low
hills which extend along the base of the northern slope of
the Sierra de Albarracin, between the towns of Albarracin
and Gea, chiefly in search of the numerous interesting
Satyrid-butterflies that abound there. In such localities
there is a scattered growth of the cypress-like “savin”
(Juniperus sabina), which here attains the dimension of a
good-sized tree, and amongst these are many shrubs. On
one of the latter, Hphedra nebrodensis,* of the family
Gnetacez (joint-firs), old plants of which have a stem
nearly two inches in diameter, two very dissimilarly-
coloured conspicuous Luprestids were to be seen, and as
specimens of each of these occurred over and over again in
close proximity on the same kind of plant, we took a good
deal of interest in them, plant and insects alike being new
to us. We very soon ascertained that all the examples of
one form of the Buprestid were male and all the other
female, the sexes being in about equal numbers, and there
cannot, therefore, be the slightest doubt that they belong
to the same species, though none were actually observed in
copula. In the early morning the beetles were quite
sluggish and easily captured with the fingers, being at
rest, usually head downwards, on a bit of the woody stem,
where the green twigs were thickly placed; but during
the heat of the day they were more active, and a few were
then taken on the wing, mostly males. The present species
has not, so far as 1 am aware, been recorded from the
continent of Kurope, though I have a specimen of the male
from the vicinity of Gibraltar, sent me years ago by Mr. J.
J. Walker. No such sexual difference has been noticed or
* IT am indebted to Mr. W. B. Hemsley, F.R.S., of Kew Gardens,
for the determination of this plant. The specific name appears to
have been taken from that of a district in Sicily.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 26
380 Mr. G. C. Champion on
suspected, I believe, amongst the Buprestidx, nevertheless
the observations of Dr. Chapman and myself are sufficient
to prove that in one species of the family, at least, such a
peculiarity is to be found. The females agree very nearly
with the brief diagnosis of Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr., from
Mogador, and with the description and figure of B. levait-
lanti, Lucas, from Mostaganem, Algeria (these insects being
treated as synonymous in the Catalogues of Gemminger
and Harold and E. Saunders *), and the males with the
description of Bb. margaripicta, Mars., from Algeria, the
male only of the latter being known. There can be very
little doubt that the Albarracin insect is synonymous with
B. sanguinea, Fabr. (a species not identified by Marseul
and other modern writers), as in addition to the above-
mentioned specimen from Gibraltar, there is a doubtful
record of the female (under B. levaillantv) from Tangier.
As regards the Algerian B. levaillanti and B. margarupicta,
M. René Oberthiir has been kind enough to send me a
coloured drawing of each of them, and also to compare a
male and female of the Spanish insect with his single
specimens of each of these so-called species, that of the
male (L. margaripicta) being the only one recorded. The
differences noted by him (apart from the somewhat dis-
similar elytral markings of the male) chiefly consist in the
relative width of the front of the head, the armature of the
apices of the elytra, and the extent of the emargination of
the apex of the fifth ventral segment in the male.
From analogy, it is almost certain that B. margaripicta
and B. levaillants are but sexes of one species, and in this
M. Oberthiir is inclined to agree with me; and it is very
probable that the above-mentioned differences between the
Spanish and the Algerian forms will prove to be in-
constant when a longer series of the latter is available for
comparison, and are no greater than might be expected
between specimens from distant localities.
The following description is taken from the series of
upwards of twenty of each sex before me :—
6. Nigro-violaceous, the lateral margins of the prothorax broadly,
and the anterior margin narrowly (except in the middle), and four
* Lucas (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1884, pp. xli, xlii) disputed the
identity of his B. levaillanti with B. sanguinea, Fabr., but without
giving substantial reasons for maintaining them as distinct.
{ Marseul, Monogr. Buprest., p. 187 (1865).
Sexual Dimorphism in Buprestis sanguinca. 381
interrupted transverse fasciz on the elytra (the first two sometimes
connected laterally, and in one specimen on the disc also, and the
fourth often reduced to a small spot on the disc of each elytron),
flavous or pale stramineous (whitish in life), the base of the prothorax
between the flavous lateral portions usually bordered with rufous or
with two or three rufous spots or streaks ; beneath yellow or pale
yellow, variegated with nigro-violaceous, a median stripe on the
venter and the ventral sutures being conspicuously marked with
this colour ; legs and antennz nigro-violaceous. Eyes large and
rather convex, the head appearing very broad. Tarsi moderately
dilated. Anterior tibiz simple, without recurved hook before the
apex. Fifth ventral segment abruptly truncate and slightly
emarginate at the apex.
Length 113-154, breadth 44-6 millim. [margaripicta, Mars. ]
2. Bright rufous, with the following parts nigro-violaceous—the
head, except for two transverse yellow marks on the front, four spots
in a transverse row on the anterior part of the prothorax (all four, or
the two on the middle of the disc, sometimes connected, and those on
the disc sometimes wholly absent), the extreme basal margin of the
latter, the scutellum, the sutural and basal margins of the elytra very
narrowly, as well as the apex, a spot on the humeral callus, two
others in a transverse line below it, a transverse post-median fascia
(sometimes reduced to two spots on each elytron, and the inner one
of these not always present), and an interrupted fascia before the apex
(this latter often reduced to two spots, or wholly absent) ; beneath
coloured as in the males; legs and antenne nigro-violaceous, the
femora sometimes with a yellow spot in the middle beneath. Eyes
smaller and less convex, the head thus appearing much narrower
than in the male. Tarsi feebly dilated. Anterior tibiz as in the
male. Fifth ventral segment feebly truncate at the apex.
Length 102-173, breadth 4-7 millim. [sangwinea, Fabr. =
levaillanti, Luc. ]
Head closely, rugosely punctured ; prothorax convex, coarsely,
closely punctate, deeply bisinuate at the base and apex, rounded at
the sides, with a short median channel or fovea in front of the
scutellum, the latter very small; elytra deeply striate, the striae
finely punctate, the interstices convex and sparsely punctate, the
apex of each elytron obliquely truncate, with the sutural angle
acutely produced and the outer one more or less dentiform. Head,
legs, and under surface clothed with short, scattered, pallid hairs,
Median sulcus on the first ventral segment deep, extending nearly or
quite to the posterior margin of the latter, in some males carried on to
the second segment.
There is in both sexes a considerable amount of variation in the
382 Mr. G. C. Champion on
markings of the upper surface (these not always being symmetrical
on the elytra), according to the predominance of the light or dark
colour, some of the spots on the prothorax or elytra being often
absent, especially in the female. The median sulcus on the first
central segment also varies a little in length, and the tooth at the
outer apical angle of the elytra is sometimes obsolete. The coloration
of the under surface is similar in both sexes.
The Algerian insect, M. Oberthiir informs me, has the
interocular portion of the head relatively narrower; the
longitudinal impression upon the first ventral segment
deep, sharply defined, and extending to the posterior
margin of the latter; the fifth ventral segment of the male
narrowly and somewhat deeply emarginate in the middle ;
the tooth at the outer apical angle of the elytra (in the
male) obsolete; and the anterior margin of the prothorax
less sinuate. In the coloured drawing before me of the
type of the male (margaripicta) the second elytral fascia is
represented by a large subtriangular patch on each elytron,
this being more extended in the longitudinal direction than
in any of the Spanish specimens obtained at Albarracin.
The single male from Gibraltar has a narrow streak
extending down the fifth elytral mterstice from the first
yellow fascia, and in one of the examples of the same sex
from Albarracin this yellow streak runs still further down
and joins the second fascia, so as to completely enclose a
common transverse nigro-violaceous patch.
In the simple anterior tibiz in the male, the present
species, as noted by Marseul (under Bb. margaripicta),
differs from all the other European forms, three of which
occurred in the pine-forests of the same district in Spain,
approaching the genus Hurythyrea in this respect, in which,
however, the scutellum is much larger, etc. The sexual
dimorphism and the similar form of the anterior tibiz in
the two sexes tend to show that the insect will probably
have to be removed from the genus Luprestis.
It may be observed also that the habits of B. sanguinea
are different from those of its congeners, these latter
attacking pine-logs, upon which the beetles may frequently
be seen during the heat of the day.
B, hilaris, Klug (= variegata, Klug), from Egypt, said
to be found on mint, is perhaps congeneric with B.
sanguinea. B. amort, Graells, from Spain, is sunk by
Marseul and others as synonymous with the Algerian
Sexual Dimorphism in Buprestis sanguinea. 383
B. douct, Luc.; it cannot, therefore, as is evident by the
published figures of these insects, be very nearly related to
B. sanguinea.
The locality, Albarracin, in the province of Teruel,
is remarkable for possessing various Lepidoptera not found
elsewhere in Europe, some of which are African, as
Satyrus prieurt, Albarracina korbi (the larva of which
also lives on the Lphedra), etc. The plant, HLphedra
nebrodensis, has much the appearance of a shrubby Lqutse-
twm, the young shoots being somewhat similarly jointed,
and such leaves as we could find were merely chaffy scales
at the joints. In their second year the shoots become woody,
and for a shrub comparable in size to Callwna, its stems
were remarkably thick and strong, reaching high up in the
plant, making it very stiff and broom-like. We saw the
Ephedra, no doubt, after its season of growth for the year,
and much of it looked faded and turning brown. The
stunted unsymmetrical aspect was probably due to injury
by grazing animals. The stems of the plants were covered
with a rusty-red lichen, very similar in colour to the upper
surface of the female beetle, and this may afford the insect
a certain amount of protection.
The extraordinary sexual dimorphism in the present
species tends to show that the same peculiarity is likely to
occur in other Buprestids, especially, no doubt, amongst
the Australian Stigmoderx, numbers of which have been
named without any notice being taken of the sex of the
individuals described.
Assuming that B. sanguinea, Fabr., B. levaillanti, Lucas,
and B. margaripicta (Mars.) are synonymous, the citations
are as follows:
2. sanguinea, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 135 (1798).
Type, Mogador (Schousboe in Mus. Lund.= Mus.
Copenhagen) (¢f. Erichson).
2. levaillanti, Lucas, in Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 50; Expl.
Algérie, 11, p. 149, t. 15, f. 85; Marseul, in L’Abeille,
i, pp. 169, 186. Type, Mostaganem, Algeria.
gf. margaripicta, Marseul, in L’Abeille, 1, pp. 169, 186
(1865) (Aneylochira). Type, Algeria.
In addition to the specimens described by these authors
(two being mentioned by Lucas), three others have been
captured, but not recorded.* These are from Oran,
* M. Bedel has been kind enough to send me these particulars,
384 Mr. G. C. Champion on Seaual Dimorphism, ete.
Western Algeria: one female on the Plaine des Anda-
louses, beyond Cape Falcon (Saint Prerre, coll. V. Mayet);
two males on the Champ des Manceuvres (Moisson). As
noted on p. 380, the record of B. levaillanti, from Tangier,
by Marseul, is doubtful.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.
Figs. 1—5. Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr. ¢.
6. ” a » 9G, Underside.
6a. » = » » G, anterior leg,
712, 9 be 39 ) f .
13. A piece of the food-plant, Hphedra nebrodensis (order
Gnetacex), the woody stem of which is probably
attacked by the beetle: 2 nat. size.
The specimens figured, including the plant, are from Albarracin,
with the exception of fig. 5, which is taken from a ¢ found near
Gibraltar.
gap")
XV. Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea.
By the late Jonn Henry Leecu, B.A., F.LS.,
F.Z.8., etc. Part V. With descriptions of new
species by RicHAaRD SovutuH, F.E.S.
[Read October 2nd, 1901.]
Puates XIV and XV.
[THE present portion of this paper treats of the Pyralide,
and concludes the subject so far as the author purposed
dealing with it. The manuscript was nearly completed
at the time of Mr. Leech’s lamented decease, and practically
all that there remained to do was to prepare the MS. for
publication. This I have done, and at the same time I
have described the species that had been set aside as new
to science. I am greatly indebted to Sir George F.
Hampson for much valuable assistance in the determin-
ation of genera in this somewhat difficult family.
Of the four hundred and thirty-four species now referred
to, seventy-three are novelties, and thirty-eight were else-
where described by Mr. Leech.
A few species recorded from “ China” have been included,
and these may only occur in southern parts of the country,
and do not therefore properly belong to the Palearctic
region.
Mrs. Leech having generously presented her son’s
collection of Lepidoptera to the nation, the types of all
species here introduced, as well as of those previously
described by Mr. Leech, are in the Natural History
Museum at South Kensington.
R. 8.]
Subfamily GALDLERIIN AL.
Genus MELISSOBLAPTES.
Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 180.
1572. Melissoblaptes bipunctanus.
Melissoblaptes bipunctanus, Curt., Brit. Ent., v, p. 201.
One specimen taken by a native collector at Hakodate
in June or July.
DIstribution. EUROPE.—YESSO.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.)
386 Mr. J. H. Leeeh on
Genus PARALIPSA.
Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist., (5) iv, p. 454 (1879).
1573. Paralipsa modesta.
Paralipsa modesta, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 455 (1879).
There was one example in Pryer’s collection, and I have
received specimens from Moupin, Omei-shan, and Wa-shan,
Occurs in June and July.
Distribution. JAPAN; WESTERN CHINA.
1574. Paralipsa gularis.
Melissoblaptes gularis, Zell., Hor. Soc. Ent., Ross, xin, p. 74,
pl. i, fig. 26 3, pl. il, fio. 27 2 (1877).
Melissoblaptes tenebrosus, ButL, Tl. Typ. Lep. Het., iu,
fe) pl Ix, ie (1879).
Paralipsa gularis, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 475 (1901).
One specimen was obtained at Chang-yang in May,
another at Chow-pin-sa in May and June, and a third
example at Chia-ting-fu in July.
Butler’s type of JZ. tenebrosus was from Yokohama.
Distribution. BHUTAN; JAPAN.
This species was observed in England in 1891, vide
Entom. xxv, p. 286.
Genus GALLERIA. |
Fabr.; Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 447 (1901).
1575. Galleria mellonella.
Gallerva mellonella, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 537.
Ragonot mentions a female specimen from Japan, which
he states has the secondaries brownish-grey in colour and
the fringe white.
MNstribution. KUROPE.—AFRICA.—ASIA ; JAPAN.—AUS-
TRALIA.—N. AMERICA.
Genus CATHAYIA.
Hampson, Rom, sur Lép., viii, p. 451,
Heterocera fromeChina, Japan, and Corea, 387
4
1576. Cathayia obliquella.
Cathayia obliquella, Hampson, Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 452,
pl. h, fig. 6 (1901).
Habitat, HASTERN CHINA.
Genus LAMORIA.
Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 87 (1863).
1577. Lamoria anella.
Tinea anella, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 185 (1776).
Galleria anella, Zink., Sommer. Germ. Mag. Ent., iv, p.
243,
Lamoria anella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 7 (1896).
I met with this species at Nagahama and Tsuruga in
July; my native collector obtained it at Nikko and
Hakodate.
Distribution. EUROPE.—AFRICA.—AFGHANISTAN ; PUN-
JAB; Poona; CEYLON (Hampson); JAPAN; YESSO.
1578. Lamoria inostentalis.
Maraclea inostentalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvu, p. 88
(1863).
Lamoria inostentalis, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 436 (1901).
Specimens were obtained, in July, at Ichang, Moupin,
Pu-tsu-fong, and the province of Kwei-chow ; two examples
were received from Mr. Manley of Yokohama.
Distribution. BORNEO; JAPAN ; CENTRAL and WESTERN
CHINA. |
Genus TIRATHABA.
Walk.; Hampson, Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 459.
1579. Tirathaba irrufatella.
Tirathaba wrufatella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 462,
pl. xlu, fig. 26 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus ACHROIA.
Hiibn.; Rag., Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 496 (1901).
388 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1580. Achrota obscurevittella.
Achroia obscwrevittella, Rag., Rom. sur Lep., viii, » P. 498,
pl. xl, fig. 24.
Habitat. JAPAN.
Subfamily CRAMBIN 4H.
Genus CULLADIA.
Moore, Lep. Cey]l., iii, p. 383 (1886).
1581. Culladia admigratella.
Araxes admigratella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 192
(1863).
Culladia admigratella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 11 (1896).
Distribution. CHINA; CEYLON; BorNEOo (Hampson).
Genus CRAMBUS.
Fabr.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind. Moths, iv, p. 12
(1896).
1582. Crambus wnrfixellus.
Crambus infixellus, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 167
(1863).
Described from Shanghai.
Distribution. CHINA; JAPAN.
1583. Crambus diplogrammus.
Crambus diplogrammus, Zell., Chil. and Cramb., p. 25
(1863).
Four specimens from Chang-yang, taken in June and
August, and one example from Tsuruga, obtained in July.
Distribution. AMURLAND; JAPAN; CENTRAL CHINA.
1584. Crambus textellus.
Crambus textellus, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lxi, p. 48 (1881).
Crambus argentistriellus, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 107, pl. v,
fig. 11 (1889).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 389
Crambus diplogrammus, Rebel, (part), Cat. Lep., (8rd _ed.),
p. 3 (1901).
Three specimens from Gensan, taken in June.
Distribution. COREA; AMURLAND.
This species should not be confused with C. diplo-
grammus, Zell., which is a larger, darker-coloured insect,
and has an oblique medial line on the primaries.
1585. Crambus striatellus.
Crambus striatellus, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 107, pl. v, fig. 3
(1889).
Five specimens from Yokohama, in Pryer’s collection,
and one from the isle of Kiushiu.
Habitat. JAPAN and KIUSHIUv.
1586. Crambus aridellus, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 1.)
Primaries pale ochreous, powdered with brown, rather darker on
outer area, venation brown ; transverse lines brown, the first, medial,
is inwardly edged with ochreous, oblique from middle of the costa
to end of the cell, thence inwardly oblique to just before middle of
the inner margin ; the second line, submarginal, is outwardly edged
with ochreous and almost parallel with the first line; some dark-
brown dashes between the veins internal to the second line, and a
brown subapical spot; fringes blackish, glossy, preceded by black
dots on the nervules. Secondaries pale fuscous, fringes paler with a
brownish line at their base and one before the margin, the enclosed
space rather paler than the fringes.
Expanse 21 millim.
Two specimens from Chang-yang, taken in June and
July.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
RS.
1587. Crambus geniculeus.
Palparia geniculea, Haw., Lep. Brit., p. 489.
Crambus geniculeus, Zell., Chil. and Cramb., p. 42 (1863).
Distribution. EUROPE.—JAPAN.
1588. Crambus atrisquamalis.
Crambus atrisquamalis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1900, p. 372.
390 Mr. J. H. Leech on
The type was from Amurland.
Specimens were obtained at Nagasaki and Fusan in
June, at Gensan in July, and at Hakodate in August.
Distribution. AMURLAND; KiusHiIu; YESSO; COREA.
1589. Crambus columbinellus, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 25.)
Primaries grey with a brownish tinge on the basal two-thirds of
costal area ; fringes grey with some black dots and traces of a silvery
line at their base towards the inner angle. Secondaries pale fuscous,
darker on outer margin ; fringes whitish.
Expanse 21 millim.
One female taken in May at Chang-yang.
Halitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
Allied to C. atrisquamalis, Hampson.
B.S.
1590. Crambus fractellus, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 5.)
Primaries brownish merging into greyish on inner marginal area,
the latter dusted with black scales; there are indications of a black
central line, similar to that in C. salinellus, Tutt, but more sharply
angled below the costa; submarginal line very indistinct, except
towards the inner margin; fringes greyish tinged with brown,
preceded by black dots towards the inner angle. Secondaries whitish
with a faint fuscous tinge, fringes whitish preceded by a brownish
line.
Expanse 26 millim.
Two specimens from Omei-shan, taken in June or July.
Halitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Ri. &
1591. Crambus myellus.
Crambus myellus, Hiibn., fig. 37.
One example from Hakodate, taken by myself in
August.
Distribution. KUROPE.—Y ESSO.
1592. Crambus furciferals.
Crambus furciferalis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. _-
1900, p. 371, pl. iti, fig. 17,
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 391
One specimen from Omei-shan, taken in June or July.
The type was from Sutschau.
Istribution, AMURLAND; WESTERN CHINA.
1593. Crambus miatalrs.
Crambus miatalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 166
(1863).
Described from Shanghai.
Habitat. EASTERN CHINA.
1594. Crambus obliterans.
Crambus obliterans, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 169.
Walker’s type was from Sarawak.
Specimens were obtained in Satsuma in May, at Fusan
and Gensan in June and July, and at Chang-yang in
June.
Distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; CoREA; KIUSHIU;
BoRNEO.
15944. Crambus hortuellus.
Crambus hortuellus, Hiibn., 46; Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1895, p. 934.
Mstribution. HEUROPE.—JAPAN.
1595. Crambus luceilus.
Crambus lucellus, H.-S., iv, p. 59, v, pl. xix, fig. 135.
Specimens were obtained at Nikko, Gensan and Chang-
yang in June and July.
Distribution. EuropE.— JAPAN; COREA; CENTRAL
CHINA.
1596. Crambus ornatellus.
Crambus ornatellus, Leech, Entom., xxu, p. 106, pl.v, fig. 2
(1889).
I obtained the type, a male, at Nagahama in July.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1597. Crambus yokohamex.
Crambus yokohamex, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(5), iv, p. 456 (1879).
392 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Crambus splendidellus, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi, p. 43.
There were five specimens in Pryer’s collection.
MIstribution. AMURLAND ; JAPAN.
1598. Crambus argyrophorus.
Crambus argyrophorus, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., 11, p. 61,
pl. xl, fig. 5 (1878) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
p. 15 (1896).
Type from Yokohama. I obtained specimens at Ningpo
in April, and in Satsuma in May; a native collector took
others at Ningpo in June and also in the isle of
Kiushiu.
Distribution. StKHIM (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU ;
EASTERN CHINA.
1599. Crambus nigriscriptellus, sp. n.
Primaries white, suffused with brownish on the inner marginal
half; there are traces of an indented, dusky antemedial line on the
inner marginal area ; the postmedial line is not well defined, but is
traceable as a fuscous curve from the costa to a black angular mark
placed almost at the extremity of a blackish longitudinal line from
the base of the wing; submarginal line fuscous, parallel with margin,
except towards costa; fringes white, preceded by a fuscous line and
four black dots towards the inner angle. Secondaries white with a
slight fuscous tinge.
Expanse 30 millim.
One female specimen from Wa-shan, July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Somewhat similar to a form of C. argyrophorus, Butl.,
occurring in Sikhim and at Ningpo, but C. nigriseriptellus
is larger and the primaries are proportionately broader.
1600. Crambus procellanellus,
Crambus procellanellus, Motsch., Etud. Ent., ix, p. 38 (1857).
Crambus vigens, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), iv, p.
456 (1879).
Crambus fucatellus, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi, p. 45.
Six specimens in Pryer’s collection and one captured at
Gensan in July.
Distribution. JAPAN; COREA.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 398
1601. Crambus picturatellus, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 4.)
Primaries white, clouded and suffused with dark grey on basal
area and sometimes on outer area also ; a blackish band traverses the
medial area; this is outwardly angled at cell and is intersected by an
interrupted transverse line; submarginal line double, blackish,
enclosed space greyish-white, parallel with outer margin, except
towards costa ; fringes grey, preceded by a double blackish line and
a series of black dots. Secondaries whitish, tinged with fuscous on
costal area, fringes preceded by a brownish line.
Expanse 26-30 millim.
Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, one from Wa-
shan, and one female from Chia-kou-ho. June and July.
Habitat, WESTERN CHINA.
R. 58.
1602. Crambus distinctellus.
Crambus distinctellus, Leech, Entom., xxu, p. 107, pl. v,
fig. 1 (1889).
Five specimens taken by myself at Hakodate in
August.
Habitat. YESSO.
1603. Crambus perlellus,
Crambus perlellus, Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 243; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 16 (1896).
Four specimens from Hakodate taken in August and
one from Ni-tou.
Distribution. EUROPE.—KASHMIR; YESSO; WESTERN
CHINA.
1604. Crambus bipartellus, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 9.)
Primaries white on costal area and greyish-brown on the inner
marginal area ; fringes agree in colour with the wings, preceded by a
brown line. Secondaries white, faintly tinged with fuscous,
Expanse 24 millim.
One male specimen from Moupin, taken in August.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Allied to C. nivellus, Koll, but without any white
marking on the inner margin.
R. 8.
394, Mr. J. H. Leech on
1605. Crambus purellus.
Crambus purellus, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 108, pl. v, fig. 7
(1889).
I obtained four specimens at Hakodate in August.
Habitat. YESSO.
1606. Crambus latellus.
Crambus latellus, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 644 ;
Tijd. Ent., xxxvi, pl. 11, fig. 7 (1893) ; Hampson, Fauna -
Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 14 (1896).
Crambus ngripunctellus, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 107, pl. v,
fig. 10 (1889).
One example of each sex taken at Ningpo by native
collector, one male specimen obtained at Gensan. July.
Distribution. JAPAN; DHARMSALA; KuHAsis; Naaas
(Hampson); GENSAN; HASTERN CHINA.
1607. Crambus brevilinellus, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 3.)
Primaries white with a short, oblique, black central line ; fringes
glossy, golden-brown, preceded by a fine fuscous line and two black
dots towards the inner angle ; there is a golden-brown cloud on the
costa before the apex. Secondaries white, marginal line fuscous.
Expanse 26 millim.
Two specimens from Omei-shan, taken in June or July,
and one example from Chang-yang, taken in June.
Habitat. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Allied to C. latellws, Snell.
R. 8.
1608. Crambus nigrociliellus.
Crambus nigrociliella, Zell., Chil. and Cramb., p. 52 (1863);
nigriciliellus, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 17 (1896).
Crambus inclaralis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 166
(1863).
Crambus immaturellus, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi, p. 48.
Two specimens from Shimonoseki and six from Gensan,
taken in July, two from Kiushiu, the same number from
Yokohama, and one from Chang-yang.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 395
Distribution. JAPAN; CHINA; DuHarmsdtA; BomBay
(Hampson); COREA. |
1609. Crambus fuliginosellus, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 6.)
Palpi, head, thorax and two-thirds of abdomen fuliginous, termi-
nal third of abdomen whitish. Primaries dark grey, clouded with
fuliginous on basal half and along basal two-thirds of costal area ;
medial line dark brown, diffuse, almost straight ; postmedial line
dark brown, parallel with outer margin, except towards the costa,
slightly indented before the inner margin ; fringes dark grey, flecked
with whitish. Secondaries white clouded with blackish at the base ;
the outer margin bordered with black, tapering towards but not
reaching the anal angle ; fringes glossy white.
Expanse 20 millim.
One male specimen from Chow-pin-sa, taken by a native
collector in May or June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1610. Crambus atrosignatus.
Crambus atrosignatus, Zell., Hor, Ent., Ross, xii. p. 43, pl.
moe. 17 (1877).
Described from Japan.
1611. Crambus humidellus.
Crambus humidellus, Zell., Hore Ent., Ross, xiii, p. 42.
The type was from Japan.
Genus PLATYTES.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 19
(1896).
1612. Platytes sinuosellus, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 8.)
Primaries brown with a white stripe from the base just below
costa to the apex, the middle of the stripe broader than the extrem-
ities and its upper edge is black ; submarginal line blackish, origin-
ating on the outer margin below the stripe, gently curving inwards
to one-fourth, where it is sharply bent, returning to inner margin
just above the angle; the area traversed by this line is whitish ; fringes
glossy white, traversed by a thin brown line and preceded by a
broader brown line on which are some darker dots towards the
inner angle. Secondaries whitish, suffused with fuscous, especially
on the outer margin ; fringes white preceded by a white line.
Expanse 28 millim.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 27
396 Mr. J. H. Leech on
One male specimen from Chow-pin-sa taken by a native
collector in May or June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA. R. 8.
1613. Platytes interruptella.
Argyria interruptella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxv, p. 1763
(1866).
Argyria inficitella, Walk., l.c., p. 1764.
Argyria obliquella, Zell., Hore Ent., Ross, xiii, p. 58, pl. i,
fig. 22 (1877).
Argyria candida, Butl., , Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p-
590.
The types of interruptella and inficitella were from
Shanghai; the type of candida, Butl., was described from
Tokio, and that of obliquella from Japan.
Specimens were received from Ningpo, Fusan, Yokohama,
Moupin, Wa-shan, and Chang-yang. April and June.
Distribution. JAPAN; COREA; EASTERN, WESTERN and
CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus EROMENE.
Hubn.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 23
(1896).
1614. Hromene expansa.
Eromene expansa, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p 590.
Type from Tokio.
I obtained nine specimens at Foochow in April and have
received others from Chang-yang.
Distribution. JAPAN ; CENTRAL CHINA; FoocHow.
1615. Hromene superbella.
Hromene superbella, Zell., Stettin, Ent. Zeit., 1849, p. 314;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 24 (1896).
Three specimens from Chang-yang and one from Wa-
shan, taken in May and June; also one example from
Chang-yang taken in August. The latter is darker than
either of the other specimens.
Distribution. KuRoPE—SIND; PunsaB (Hampson);
CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Feterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 397
Genus DIATRAA.
Lands. Guild. Trans. Soc. Encour. Arts, xlvi, p. 143
(1832).
1616. Diatrea venosatus.
Chilo venosatus, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 144 (1868).
One example of each sex taken in August at Ichang.
Walker’s type was from Sarawak.
Distribution. BORNEO; CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus CHILO.
Zinck.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 26 .
(1896).
1617. Chilo demotellus.
Chilo demotella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxv, p. 1749
(1866).
One specimen taken at Hakone in August.
The type, with two other Se es in the national
collection, are not localized.
Habitat. JAPAN ;— ?
1618. Chalo luteellus.
Schenobius luteellus, Motsch., Bull. Mosc., xxxix, 1, p. 198
(1866).
Chilo dubia, Baker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 48, pl.
Be. 18.
Chilo lutellus, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895, p.
956.
Six male specimens from Chang-yang, taken in May and
June ; one example obtained at Gensan in June.
Distribution. AMURLAND; CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN;
SUMATRA.
1619. Chilo sumplex.
Jartheza simplex, Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p.
690.
Crambus zonellus, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p.
528, pl. xlviu, fig. 16. :
398 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Chilo simplex, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 26
(1896).
Butler’s type was from Formosa. Two specimens were
obtained by native collector in the isle of Kiushiu, and two
others at Hakodate.
Distribution. JAPAN; CHUSAN; Formosa; MEEAN
MEER, PunsJaB; KARACHI (Hampson); YESSO; KIUSHIU.
1620. Chilo gensanellus.
Chilo gensanellus, Leech, Entom., xxi, p. 108, pl. v, fig. 9
(1889).
The type was obtained by myself at Gensan in July.
Distribution. COREA.
1621. Chilo suppressalis.
Crambus suppressalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvu, p. 166
(1863). R
Chilo suppressalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 27 (1896).
Described from Shanghai.
Distribution. MEEAN MEER, PuNJAB; SIBSAGAR;
AssAM; CALCUTTA; CEYLON (Hampson); NORTH-
HASTERN CHINA.
Genus ESCHATA.
Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths., iv, p. 28
(1896).
1622. Hschata chrysargyria.
Cherecla chrysargyria, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxii, p.
634 (1865).
Eschata argentata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 227 (1887).
Eschata chrysargyria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 29 (1896).
Distribution. NortH CHINA ; SIKHIM; KHAsIS; NAGAS,
Manipur; NILGrrRis; RANGOON; CERAM (Hampson).
Genus MESOLIA.
Ragonot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1888, p. 282.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 399
1623. Mesolia tenebrella.
Mesolia tenebrella, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1895, p. 963.
Described from Ichang.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus PRIONOPTERYX.
Steph. ; Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 963.
1624. Prionopteryx marmorellus, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 24.)
Primaries white dusted and clouded with brown ; a cuneiform patch
of brown in the cell before the white lunule, an elongate patch between
the median and sub-median nervures ; submarginal line white edged
with brown ; fringes white tipped with brown, a brown line at their
base and another through them. Secondaries white tinged with
fuscous; submarginal line white edged internally with fuscous.
Under surface whitish, the primaries suffused with fuscous from base
to the submarginal line.
Expanse 26 millim.
One female from Ta-chien-lu, taken in July or August.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R.S.
Genus ANCYLOLOMIA.
Hiibn.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 33
(1896).
1625. Ancylolomia chrysographella.
Chilo chrysographella, Koll., Hiig. Kasch., iv, p. 494 (1844).
Ancylolomia taprobanensis, Zell., Hor. Ent., Ross, xii, p. 25,
pl. i, fig. 8 (1877); Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 381, pl.
elxxxiv, figs. 2, 2a (1886).
Ancylolomia chrysographella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 28 (1886).
Occurs at Tsuruga, Gensan and in Satsuma, also at
Chang-yang and Ichang.
Distribution. SouTH AFRica.—ADEN; Formosa;
throughout INDIA, CEYLON, and BurRMA; PENANG
(Hampson); JAPAN ; KIUSHIU; CoREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
400 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Subfamily SCHG@NOBIIN 22.
Genus LEECHIA nov.
Palpi porrect, second and third joints conically scaled ; maxillary
palpi well developed and dilated at the extremity. Antenne thick-
ened and flattened. Tibia slightly hairy, outer spurs two-thirds
length of inner. Neuration similar to that of Niphopyralis, Hampson,
but all the wings have veins 4, 5, stalked.
Type LZ. sinwosalis. | R. 8.
1626. Leechia sinuosalis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 15.)
Primaries white ; antemedial line black, almost straight ; post-
medial line black, elbowed opposite the end of cell and angled before
the inner margin, followed by a brownish shade ; a black dot at end
' of cell and one at apex of the wing. Secondaries white with a double,
fuscous, central line ; outer marginal area tinged with brownish.
Fringes tinged with greyish, preceded by a fuscous line and marked
with black towards the apex of primaries.
Expanse 15-20 millim.
Two specimens from Chang-yang. July.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA. R. 8.
1627. Leechia bilinealis, sp. n.
Differs from L. sinwosalis in having the antemedial line of prim-
aries outwardly oblique and the postmedial line outwardly oblique
to vein 6, thence inwardly oblique to the inner margin. Secondaries
have a single central line.
Expanse 18 millim.
Four specimens from Chang-yang. July.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA. R. 8.
Genus ACROPENTIAS.
Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 470.
1628. Acropentias aureus.
Micreschus awreus, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5)
i, p. 402 (1878).
Marimatha straininea, Butl., I. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 70,
pl. lvin, fig. 2.
Sparagmia obtusalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi, p. 26 (1881).
Distribution. AMURLAND; CHINA; JAPAN; COREA.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 401
Genus PATISSA.
Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 388 (1886).
1629. Patissa fulvosparsa.
Apurima fulvosparsa, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 591. .
Patissa tortwalis, Snell., Tijd. Ent., xxxvi, p. 58, pl. 1,
fig. 3.
Patissa fulvosparsa, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 44 (1896).
Type from Tokio.
There was one example in Pryer’s collection, and I
received specimens from Nagasaki in the isle of Kiushiu,
and from Gensan.
Distribution. DHARMSALA; KuLU; Poona ; NILGIRIS;
SHAN States; Java (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU ;
COREA.
Genus SCIRPOPHAGA.
Treits.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 45
(1896).
1630. Scirpophaga chrysorrhoa.
Scirpophaga chrysorrhoa, Zell., Mon, Chil. and Cramb., p. 1
(1863).
Tripanea innotata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. xxxiii, p. 523
(1863).
Scirpophaga chrysorrhoa, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 46 (1896).
Distribution. CHINA; MERGUI; BoRNEO; JAVA; CERAM
(Hampson).
1631. Scirpophaga auriflua.
Scirpophaga auriflua, Zell., Mon. Chil. and Cramb., p. 2
(1863); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 46
(1896).
Apurima xanthogastrella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p.
194 (1863); Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ili, p. 388, pl. clxxxiv,
fig. 14 (1886).
Seirpophaga intacta, Snell., Tijd. Ent., xxxiv, p. 348, pl.
xvii, figs. 1— 4.
402 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Specimens were taken in Satsuma in May and at Sakata
in August; my collectors met with the species at Ichang in
June and July.
Distribution. CoNGO.—SHANGHAI ; throughout INDIA,
CEYLON, and Burma; BornkEo; JAvA (Hampson) ;
EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA; KIUSHIU; JAPAN.
1632. Scirpophaga eacerptalis.
Chilo excerptalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 142
(1868).
Scirpophaga excerptalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 46 (1896).
I obtained specimens in Satsuma in May, at Sakata and
Hakodate in August, and I have received examples from
Ichang and Chang-yang taken in May, July, and August.
Distribution. NortH-WrEst HIMALAYAS; BORNEO
(Hampson); CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN; YESSO; KIUSHIU.
Genus SCHENOBIUS.
Dup.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 47
(1896).
1633. Schenobius dodatellus.
Chilo dodatellus, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxx, p. 966 (1864).
Schenobius dodatellus, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 48 (1896).
Distribution. JAPAN; KHASIS; CEYLON; MOULMEIN ;
RANGOON (Hampson).
1634. Schenobius gigantellus.
Tinea gigantella, Schiff., Syst. Verz., p. 185; Hiibn., fig. 35.
Chilo spwrcatellus, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 142
(1863): i
Schenobius gigantellus, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1895, p. 916. )
Spurcatellus was described from Shanghai.
Distribution. HKUROPE.—HASTERN CHINA.
1635. Schenobius lineatus.
Apurima lineata, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 457 (1879).
Heterocera from’ China, Japan, and Corea. 403
One example in Pryer’s collection.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1686. Schenobius bipwnetifera.
Tripanea bipunctifera, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p.
523 (1863).
Schanobius bipunctifera, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., 1, p. 385, pl.
elxxxiv, fig. 13 (1886); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 48 (1896).
Seven specimens from Omei-shan, taken in June and
July.
Distribution. CHINA; Formosa; throughout INDIA,
CEYLON, and BurMA; SuMATRA; JAVA; BORNEO (Hamp-
son) ; WESTERN CHINA.
Genus CIRRHOCHRISTA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv. p. 49
(1896).
1637. Cirrhochrista brizoalis.
Margaronia brizoalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 976
(1859).
Cirrhochrista brizoalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 50 (1896).
I captured three specimens at Nagasaki in June, and
received one from Chang-yang.
Distribution. Formosa; NortH-West HIMALAYAS;
BomBay; NILerris; BorNEoO; CELEBES; AUSTRALIA
(Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU; SOUTHERN and CENTRAL
CHINA.
Subfamily ANERASTIIN 2.
Genus OSAKIA.
Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 320 (1901).
1638. Osakia lineolella.
Osakia lineolella, Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 32], pl. xliii, fig.
21 (1901).
I have one specimen, taken by myself at Oiwake in
October, that appears to be referable to this species.
Habitat. JAPAN.
404 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Genus HYPSOTROPHA.
Hypsotropha, Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 591. —
Hypsotropha, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 54
(1896).
1639. Hypsotropha solipwnetella.
Hypsotropha solipunctella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 377,
pl. xliii, fig. 23 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
1640. Hypsotropha syriacella.
Hypsotropha syriacella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 377, pl.
Xxxix, fig. / (1901).
Distribution. SYRIA; CHANG-HAI (CHINA).
Genus ENOSIMA.
Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 389 (1901).
1641. Hnosima neesimella.
Enosima neesimella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 390, pl. xliu,
fig. 22 (1901). ;
The type, a male, was in Pryer’s collection, now in the
possession of Dr. Holland of Pittsburgh. I obtained one
specimen at Gensan in July.
Distribution. JAPAN; COREA.
1642. Hnosima flavescentella.
Enosima flavescentella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vin, p. 390,
pl. xl, fig. 18 (1901). }
Two specimens from Ichang taken in August. My col-
lectors did not meet with this species in other parts of
China that they visited.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus ANERASTIA.
Hiibn., Hampson, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 394 (1901).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 405
1643. Anerastia leucoteniella.
Anerastia lewcoteniella, Rag., Nouv. Gen., p. 48 (1888);
Rom. sur Lép., viii, p. 401, pl. xl, fig. 3 (1901).
The type, a female, in Coll. Staud.
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus EMMALOCERA.
Ragonot, Nouv. Gen., p. 38 (1888).
1644. EHmmalocera gensanalis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 30.)
Primaries ochreous strongly suffused with rosy, except on the
basal three-fourths of the costa. Secondaries whitish tinged with
fuscous fringes, preceded by a dark line. Under surface fuscous,
secondaries paler. .
Expanse 25 millim.
One male specimen taken by Mr. Leech at Gensan in
July 1887.
Habitat. COREA.
Allied to A. strigosa, Staud., from Syria and Amurland.
R. 8.
1645. Hmmalocera umbricostella.
Emmalocera wmbricostella, Rag., Nouv. Gen., p. 88 (1888) ;
Mon. Phye., pl. xxxvi, fig. 10.
Polyocha umbricostella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
Iv, p. 62 (1896).
There was a specimen in Pryer’s collection which seems
to be an example of this species; it has indications of a
post-medial series of black dots on the primaries. Three
specimens were obtained at Gensan in July, and one
example at Ichang in August.
Distribution. NoRTH-W EST HIMALAYAS; FLORES(Hamp-
son); JAPAN; COREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
Subfamily PHYCITIN 42.
Genus NYCTEGRETIS.
Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 650.
1646. Nyctegretis triangulella.
Nyctegretis triangulella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 29,
pl. xliui, fig. 17 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
406 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Genus HyPHANTIDIVM.
Scott ; Hampson, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 72 (1901).
1647. Hyphantidium funerellum.
Hyphantidium funerellum, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., viii, p.75,
pl. xl, fig. 16 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus EPHESTIA.
Guenée, Eur. Microlep. Ind. Meth., p. 81 (1845).
1648. Hphestia cautella.
Pempelia ‘cautella, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 73 (1868).
Ephestia cautella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 66 (1896).
There were two specimens in Pryer’s collection, and I
have received one from Ichang, the latter taken in
August.
Distribution. ADEN; BHUTAN; CEYLON; SUMBAWA
(Hampson) ; JAPAN; CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus HoMaosoMA.
Curt.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 66
(1896).
1649. Homeosoma suberetacella.
Homeosoma suberetacella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vin, p. 246,
pl. xlin, fig. 18 (901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
1650. Homceosoma osakiella.
Homeosoma osakiella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 254,
pl. xliu, fig. 19 (1901).
I obtained a specimen of this species at Hakodate in
August.
Habitat. JAPAN; YESSO.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 407
1651. Homeosoma nipponella.
Homeosoma nipponella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 252,
pl. xliu, fig. 20 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus EUZOPHERA.
Zeller, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (3) v, p. 456 (1867).
1652. Huzophera brgella.
Ephestia bigella, Zell., Isis, 1848, p. 596.
There was one specimen in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. KUROPE.—J APAN.
1653. Huzophera diminutella.
Huzophera diminutella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 45,
pl. din, fig. 15 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus NEPHOPTERYX.
Hiibn.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 76
(1896).
1654. Nephopteryx bicolorella.
Nephopteryx bicolorelia, Leech, Entom., xxu, p. 108, pl. v,
fig. 5 (1889); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 79 (1896).
The type, a female, was from Tokio.
Distribution. DALHOUSIE (Hampson); JAPAN.
1655. Nephopteryx hostilis.
Nephopteryx hostilis, Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. Haust., iv, p. 307.
One specimen from Gensan taken in June, and one from
Ichang taken in July.
Distribution. HUROPE.—CoREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
1656. Nephopteryx rubrizonella.
Nephopteryx rubrizonella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vu, p. 277
(1893), viii, pl. xlii, fig. 12 (1901).
408 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Nephopteryx rubrizonella, Matsumura, Annot. Zool. Japan,
LSSion. 4. pl. 1.
Described from a female specimen from Japan.
Habitat, JAPAN.
1657. Nephopteryx senirubella.
Phalena semirubella, Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 245 (1768).
Tinea carnella, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, p. 887 (1767).
Tinea sanguinella, Hiibn., Tin., fig. 65 (1800).
Nephopteryx semirubella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 84 (1896).
Salebria icterella, Rag., Nouv. Phycit., p. 18 (1888).
Laodamia semirubella, var. icterella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép.,
vii, p. 416, pl. xvii, fig. 4 (1893).
I obtained this specimen in Satsuma in May, at Naga-
saki and Fusan in June, and at Gensan in July. My
collectors took specimens at Ichang in June and August.
There were specimens of the var. zcterella in Pryer’s
collection, and I obtained examples of the same form from
Fusan and Gensan in June and July.
Distribution. EUROPE.—SYRIA ; SIBERIA; DHARMSALA
(Hampson); KiusH1Iu; CoREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
1658. Nephopteryx ocelliferella.
Oligochroa ocelliferella, Rag., Nouv. Phycit., p. 21 (1888);
Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 393, pl. xi, fig. 11 (1893).
The type, a female taken in August, was from Tchefoo.
Habitat. CHINA.
Genus SELAGIA.
Hiibn.; Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 467 (1893).
1659. Selagia argyrella.
Selagia argyrella (S.V., p. 135, n. cat.), Fab. Mant., i,
p. 242; Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii., p. 475 (1898).
Four specimens from Gensan taken in July.
Distribution. KUROPE.—CENTRAL ASIA; AMURLAND;
JAPAN.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 409
1660. Selagia janthinella.
Nephopteryx janthinella, Hiibn., fig. 374; Zell., Isis, 1846,
p. 752.
Selagia spadicella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 472 (1898).
Two specimens in Pryer’s collection appear to be refer-
able to this species.
Distribution, HUROPE.—JAPAN.
Genus EPICROCIS.
Zell.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 85 (1896).
1661. Lpicrocis egnusalis.
Pyralis egnusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 905 (1859).
Homeosoma derasella, Swinh., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885,
p. 877, pl. lvii, fig. 19.
Epicrocis egnusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 85 (1896).
Distribution. MADAGASCAR.—CHINA; throughout INDIA,
CEYLON, and BuRMA; SUMATRA, AUSTRALIA (Hampson).
1662. Lpicrocis hilarella.
Epicrocis hilarella, Rag., Nouv. Phycit., p. 22 (1888);
Rom, sur Lép., vii, p. 438, pl. xii, fig. 7 (1893) ;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 87 (1896).
Distribution. CHINA; MuURREE; SIMLA; CEYLON
(Hampson).
Genus SAMARIA.
Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 58 (1893).
16638. Samaria ardentella.
Samaria ardentella, Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 59 (1898) ;
viul, pl. xliu, fig. 5 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus MYELOIS.
Hiibner, Verz.-bek.-Schmett, p. 371 (? 1818).
410 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1664. Myelois cribrella.
Myelois cribrella, Hiibn.; Rag, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 34
(1898).
One example obtained by a native collector in Kiushiu.
Distribution. KUROPE.—ALTAI; KIUSHIU.
Genus PHYCITA.
Curt. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 90 (1896),
1665. Phycita abietella.
Tinea abretella, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 138.
Phycita abietella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths, iv.
p. 91 (1896).
Distribution. UNITED STATES.—EUROPE.—JAPAN ;
SIMLA (Hampson).
1666. Phycita rubella.
Dioryctria rubella, Hampson, Rom. sur Lép., vii. p. 538,
pl. lvi, fig. 15 (1901).
A specimen from Chusan in the national collection at
South Kensington.
Habitat, CHINA.
1667. Phycita pryert.
Dioryctria pryeri, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vu, p. 194
(1898) ; viii, pl. xlin, fig. 7 (1901).
One specimen from Kiushiu.
Halitat. JAPAN and KIUSHIU.
Genus PHYCITOPSIS.
Ragonot, North Am. Phye., p. 4 (1888); Rom. sur Lép.,
vii, p. 185 (1898).
1668. Phycitopsis hemileucella.
Phycitopsis hemaleucella, Hampson, Rom. sur Lép., vin,
p- 582, pl. lvi. fig. 12 (1901).
Habitat, JAPAN.
Genus LAODAMIA.
Ragonot, Rom. sur. Lép., vu, p. 403 (1893).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 411
1669. Laodamia griseosparsella.
Laodamia griseosparsella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p.
407 (1893) ; vii, pl. xi, fig. 10 (1901).
Laodamia griseosparsella, var. nigrans, Ragonot, Rom. sur
Lép., vii, p. 407, pl. xl, fig. 11.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1670. Laodamia mikadella.
Laodamia mikadella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vu, p. 412
(1893) ; viii, pl. xlin, fig. 9 (1901).
The type was in Pryer’s collection.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1671. Laodamiad mundellalts.
Nephopteryx mundellalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p.
67 (1863).
Laodamia mundellalis, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vi, p. 413
Orage); vil, pl xh, fig. 19 (1901).
The type was from Shanghai.
Habitat. EASTERN CHINA.
1672. Laodamia furvicostella.
Laodamia furvicostella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p.
413 (1893); viii, pl. xli, fig. 8 (1901).
Type from Yesso.
Habitat. NortH JAPAN.
Genus ELASMOPALPUS.
Blanchard, Gay’s Chili, vii, p. 104 (1852).
1673. EHlasmopalpus bipartitellus.
- Llasmopalpus bipartitellus, Leech, Entom., xx, p. 108, pl. v,
fig. 4 (1889).
The type was in Pryer’s collection.
Habitat. JAPAN,
Genus MELITENE.
Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vil, p. 6 (1893).
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 28
412 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1674. Melitene brfidella.
Melitene bifidella, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 108, pl. v, fig. 8
(1889).
The type was in Pryer’s collection.
Halitat. JAPAN.
Genus RHODOPHAA.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 98
(1896). |
1675. Rhodophxa encaustella.
Acrobasis encaustella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 101,
pl. xi, fig. 12 (1893).
Distribution. CHINA and JAPAN.
1676. Rhodophxa scabrilineella.
Acrobasis scabrilineella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép., vii, p. 95
(1893); viii, pl. xi, fig. 6 (1901).
Habitat, JAPAN.
1677. Rhodophzxa tokiella.
EHurhodope (Rhodophxa) tokiella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép.,
vil, p. 76 (1898); viii, pl. xlin, fig. 4 (1901).
Habitat. JAPAN.
1678. Rhodophxa dichromelia.
Eurhodope (Rhodophea) dichromella, Ragonot, Rom. sur
Lép., vii, p. 75 (1893); viii, pl. xl, fig. 3 (1901).
Described from a female specimen in Pryer’s collection.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1679. Rhodophxa bellulella,
Hurhodope (Rhodophxa) bellulella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép.,
vu, p. 71 (1893); vii, pl. xliii, fig. 2 (1901).
The type, a female, was in Pryer’s collection.
Habitat. JAPAN,
-1680. Rhodophxa hollandella.
Lurhodope (Khodophxa) hollandella, Ragonot, Rom. sur Lép.,
vil, p».70 (1893); viii, pl. xlii, fig. 1 (1901).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 413
I have an example from Japan, but the locality from
which it came is uncertain.
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus CEROPREPES.
Zeller, Stett. ent. Zeit., 1867, p. 401.
1681. Ceroprepes patriciella.
Ceroprepes patriciella, Zell., Stett. ent. Zeit., 1867, p. 401,
pl. ui, figs. 4a, 4b; Rag., Rom. sur Lép., vu, p. 9, pl.
iv, fig. 2 (1893).
One male specimen taken in June or July at Pu-tsu-
fong.
Distribution. SIKHIM ; WESTERN CHINA.
1682. Ceroprepes pulvillella.
Nephopteryx pulvillella, Zell., Stett. ent. Zeit., 1867, p. 394,
pl. 11, fig. 3.
Ceroprepes pulvillella, Rag, Rom. sur Lép., vu, p. 11, pl.
iv, fig. 1 (1893) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 104 (1896).
One female example taken at Omei-shan in July or
August.
Distribution. SIKHIM; WESTERN CHINA.
Genus ETIELLA.
Zell.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 108
(1896).
1683. LHtrella zinckenella.
Phycis zinckenella, Treit., Schmett., Eur., ix, 1, p. 201 (1832).
Crambus sabulinus, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 456 (1879).
Eitvella zinckenella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 108 (1896).
There were specimens in Pryer’s collection, and I received
others from Chang-yang and Ichang.
Distribution. UNIVERSAL.
Sub-family HPIPASCHIIN &.
Genus ARNATULA.
Staudinger, Iris, vi, p. 78 (1898).
414 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1684, Arnatula melanophia.
Nocturides melanophila, Staud., Iris, v, p. 466, pl. iui, fig. 22
(1892).
Parorthaga euryptera, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894,
p. 476.
Arnatula melanophia, Staud., Iris, vi, p. 78 (1893) ; Hamp-
son, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 566 (1896).
I took a specimen at Nagahama in July.
Distribution. BHUTAN ; CEYLON ; SUMBAWA (Hampson) ;
AMURLAND ; JAPAN,
Genus MACALLA.
Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 112
(1896).
1685. Macalla inimica.
Locastra mimica, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 448 (1879).
Pseudolocastra imimica, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) vii, p. 429 (1891).
Described from Yokohama. Occurs also in Kiushiu.
Habitat. JAPAN ; K1USHIU.
1686. Macalla amica.
Locastra amica, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv, p.
447 (1879).
Described from Yokohama. I obtained the species at
Fushiki and Nagahama in July, and have received specimens
from Mr. Manley of Yokohama. There were specimens,
without locality, in Pryer’s collection.
Halitat. JAPAN.
1687. Macalla moncusalis.
Lamida moncusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. xvi, p. 252
(1858).
Allata penicillata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 111
(1863). 3
Orthaga obscura, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 201 (1887).
Macalla moncusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 113 (1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 415
One specimen, captured by myself in Satsuma in May,
appears to be referable to the penicillata form of this
variable species.
Distribution. SIKHIM; BuHuTrdAN; NAcas; MANIPUR
(Hampson) ; KrusHIv.
1688. Macalla nigrescens.
Parasarama (2) nigrescens, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (6) vu, p. 428 (1891).
Macalla nigrescens, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896,
p. 464.
Described from Yesso.
Specimens in Pryer’s collection. I have one example
from the island of Kiushiu.
Habitat. JAPAN and KIUSsHIU.
1689. Macalla margarita.
Locasira margarita, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., 111, p. 66, pl.
lvii, fig. 4 (1879).
Locastra lativitta, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 199, pl. vu, fig. 1
(1887).
Macalla margarita, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 116 (1896).
Described from Yokohama.
Mstribution. JAPAN; SrIKHIM; KuAsis; NILGIRIS;
BorneEO (Hampson).
Genus LOCASTRA.
Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 118
(1896).
1690. Locastra muscosalis.
Taurica muscosalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1269
(1865).
Locastra cristalis, Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ix, p. 157,
pl. clxxii, fig. 8 (1893).
Locastra muscosalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iy,
p. 119 (1896).
Muscosalis was described from North China. I took
specimens at Nagasaki in June; others were obtained in
416 Mr. J. H. Leech on
the island of Kiushiu by a native collector, and I have
received examples from Ichang, Chang-yang, and Moupin.
Occurs in June and July.
Distribution. NoRTH CHINA ; SIKHIM ; NAGAS; CEYLON ;
RancGoon (Hampson); KiusHiu ; CENTRAL and WESTERN
CHINA.
Genus STERICTA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 420
(1896).
1691. Stericta haraldusalis.
Locastra (?) haraldusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 160
(1858).
Craneophora ficki, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi (1), p. 2 (1881).
Scopocera variegata, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 208, pl. vii, fig. 4
(1887).
Blenopholis striata, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., vu, p. 90, pl.
cxxx1v, fig. 3 (1889).
Stericta haraldusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 421 (1896).
One specimen in Pryer’s collection, one from Chang-
yang, and one from Moupin. June.
Distribution. Sim~A; DuHaRMSALA; KuLu; SIKHIM;
TENASSERIM ; BORNEO (Hampson); AMURLAND; JAPAN ;
CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Genus ORTHAGA.
Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 124
(1896).
1692. Orthaga oliwacea.
Hyperbalanotis olivacea, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) vu, p. 438 (1891).
There were two specimens in Pryer’s collection, one of
which was labelled from Loochoo; my native collector
obtained one example in Kiushiu, and I have received one
from Chang-yang; the latter was taken in June. One
specimen from Chia-kou-ho, taken in July, seems to be
referable to this species, but it is not in very good condition
for identification.
Distribution. JAPAN; Kiusaiu ; LoocHoo; CENTRAL
and WESTERN CHINA.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 417
1693. Orthaga achatina.
Glossina achatina, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., uu, p. 56, pl.
xxxviil, fig. 10 (1878).
Described from Yokohama. I obtained specimens at
Nagahama, T’suruga, and Fushiki in July, and my native
collector took others in the island of Kiushiu.
Habitat. JAPAN and K1USHIU.
1694. Orthaga onerata.
Bleptina onerata, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 447 (1879).
Orthaga onerata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p.
126 (1896).
Described from Yokohama.
There were seven specimens in Pryer’s collection, two
of which are from Yokohama ; I obtained one example at
Nagahama in July.
Distribution. JAPAN; BHUTAN; JAVA (Hampson),
1695. Orthaga basalts, sp. n.
Differs from O. onerata, Butl., in having the basal patch well
defined, its outer edge nearly straight, and followed by a blackish line ;
the postmedial line is blackish, sinuous, indented towards the costa,
and again above the inner margin ; the central area, between the
transverse lines, is clearer than in O. onerata.
Expanse 20 millim.
One specimen in Pryer’s collection; I took one example
at Nagasaki in June, and another at Gensan in July.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHIu; COREA.
R. 5.
Subfamily ENDOTRICHIN 41.
Genus ENDOTRICHA.
Zell.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 132
(1896).
1696. Endotricha theonalis.
Pyralis theonalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 900
(1859).
Pyralis (?) thermusalis, Walk., l.c., p. 912.
Zama wnicalis, Walk., |. c., xxxiv, p. 1257 (1865).
418 Mr. J. H. Leech on
The types of all the above were from Shanghai.
Halitat. EASTERN CHINA.
(1697. Endotricha afinialis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 22.)
Primaries ochreous, brown tinged with violet ; antemedial line
limiting a violet basal patch almost straight, bordered outwardly with
yellow ; submarginal line blackish, edged with yellow, commencing on
the costa near apex, thence gently curved to inner angle ; some white
dots on costa towards apex. Secondaries pale violet with a darker-
edged yellow medial band. Fringes whitish, preceded by a dark line.
Under surface ochreous, suffused with fuscous, tinged with violet on
the primaries, except inner marginal area and the outer third of
secondaries ; all the wings havea double transverse line ; primaries
have a dark discal mark and some white dots on the costa.
Expanse 17 millim.
One male specimen taken by Mr. Leech at Tsuruga in
July 1886.
This species is distinguished from #. flammealis, Schiff,
and its nearest allies, by the curved submarginal line.
i.
1698. Endotricha portialis.
Endotricha portialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvu, p. 391
(1863).
Endotricha acrobasalis, Suell., Tijd. Ent., xxxvi, p. 155, pl.
x, Ae. ‘1.
Endotr ichopsis rhodopteralis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (6) xvi, p. 467 (1895).
Habitat. JAPAN; BORNEO; JAVA.
1699. Hndotricha costemaculalis.
Endotricha costemaculalis, Christ., Bull. Mosce., lvi (1), p. 4
(1881); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 1383
(1896).
Endotricha fuscobasalis, Ragonot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1890,
p. 526.
I took one specimen in Satsuma in May; and I received
one from Chang-yang, and another from Moupin, both taken
in June. |
Distribution. SIBERIA; JAPAN; DALHOUSIE; SIKHIM
(Hampson); KIUSHIU ; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Fleterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 419
1700. Endotricha ardentalis.
Endotricha ardentalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 135 (1896).
A specimen taken by myself at Fusan in June appears
to be referable to this species, but the antemedial line is
yellow instead of white.
Distribution. BautTaAN ; COREA.
1701. Endotricha consocia.
Doththa consocia, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5)
ly, p. 452 (1879).
There was one specimen in Pryer’s collection. I obtained
examples at Fushiki and Tsuruga in July, and I received
two from Moupin.
Two of the Japanese specimens have the secondaries
almost unicolorous, and the primaries are strongly tinged
with pink.
Distribution. JAPAN; WESTERN CHINA.
1702. Endotricha icelusalis.
Pyralis welusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 900
(1859).
Rhodaria flavofascialis, Brem., Ost. Sib., p. 65, pl. vi, fig. 1
(1864).
Pyralis rosealis, Walk., 1. c., xxxiv, p. 1236 (1865).
Both icelwsalis and rosealis were described from North
China. |
I took specimens at Ningpo and Gensan in July, and
have received others from Chang-yang, taken in June and
July. The rosealis form is represented by one example
from Gensan.
Habitat. EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA; COREA;
AMURLAND.
Genus CATAPROSOPUS.
Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 589.
1703. Cataprosopus monstrosus.
Cataprosopus monstrosus, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 590. ,
Described from Tokio.
4.20 Mr. J. H. Leech on
I obtained specimens at Gensan in July, and at Hakodate
in August. One example was received from Chang-yang,
taken in June.
Mstribution, CENTRAL CHINA; COREA; JAPAN; YESSO.
Genus TRICHOPHYSETIS.
Meyr.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 138
(1896).
1704. Trichophysetis cretacea.
Hydrocampa cretacea, Butl., I. Typ. Lep. Het., iu, p. 75,
pl. lix, fig. 8 (1879).
Paraponyx obnubilalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi, p. 32.
Type from Yokohama. There was one specimen in
Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. AUSTRALIA ; NORFOLK ISLAND (Hampson) ;
AMURLAND; JAPAN.
1705. Trichophysetis hampsoni, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 28.)
Primaries whitish, faintly tinged with ochreous, two sub-basal
brownish dots, one near the costa, the other near the inner margin ;
traces of an oblique, fuscous antemedial line, elbowed towards the
costa ; postmedial line, brown, double, outwardly oblique almost to
outer margin, then curved inwards to inner margin ; apical area
suffused with ochreous brown and with some brownish specks on it ;
marginal line brown, inwardly edged with whitish, commencing in a
short oblique dash from the apex. Secondaries whitish, tinged with
ochreous ; antemedial line black, curved, with a black spot on it
about the middle; postmedial line double, oblique but curving
inwards towards abdominal margin ; the inner line is black and the
outer brown. Fringes agree in colour with the wings, but those of
primaries are glossy.
Expanse 23 millim.
One female specimen from Ichang taken in June. There
are two specimens from Khasis in the national collection.
Distribution. CENTRAL CHINA; KHASIS.
Allied to 7. nigricincta, Hampson. R.S.
Genus HENDECASIS.
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 140 (1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 421
1706. Hendecasis apiciferalis.
Pyralis (2?) apiciferalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p.
1236 (1865).
Described from Shanghai.
Habitat. EASTERN CHINA.
Genus COTACHENA.
Moore; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 142
(1896).
1707. Cotachena histricalts.
Botys histricalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. xvii, p. 655
(1859).
Cotachena histricalis, Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., 1x,
pl clxxu, fig. 5 (1893); Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 142 (1896).
Archermis pubescens, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) ix, p. 800 (1892).
Described from Shanghai. I obtained specimens in
Satsuma in May, and at Nagasaki and Fujisan in June;
my native collector captured examples at Ningpo, and in
the island of Kiushiu, and others have been received from
Chang-yang ; these last were also taken in May and June.
Distribution. DHARMSALA ; SikHiM; NAGAs ; NILGIRIS ;
CEYLON (Hampson); JAPAN; KiusHIU; EASTERN and
CENTRAL CHINA.
Subfamily PYRALIN A,
Genus AGLOSSA.
Latr.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 147
(1896).
1708. Aglossa dimidiata.
Crambus dimidiatus, Haw., Lep. Brit., p. 372.
Pyralis circularis, Motsch., Etud. Ent., vi, p. 36 (1860).
Aglossa micalialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 277
(1859).
Aglossa achatina, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 72, pl.
lviui, fig. 6 (1879).
Aglossa dimidiata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 147 (1896).
429, Mr. J. H. Leech on
Type of achatina, Butl., was from Yokohama, and that of
micalialis, Walk., from Shanghai. I obtained a series of
eight specimens at Gensan in June.
Distribution. NILGIRIS; BERNARDMYO ; BURMA (Hamp-
son); JAPAN; CoREA; EASTERN CHINA.
Genus HYPSOPYGIA.
Hiibn.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 148
(1896). :
1709. Hypsopygia lucillalis.
Pyralis lucillalis, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 268
(1859).
Hypsopygia laticilialis, Ragonot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891,
p. 28.
Hypsopygia mauritialis, Boisd., Faun. Madag., p. 119, pl.
xvi, fig. 8 (1833); Hampson, Fauna brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 148 (1896).
Walker’s type was from Shanghai.
Distribution. CHINA; Norta - West HIMALAYAS ;
MANIPUR; POONA ; BURMA ; SUMATRA; JAVA; CELEBES
(Hampson).
1710. Hypsopygia regina.
Pyralis regina, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 452 (1879).
Hypsopygia regina, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 149 (1896). |
Two specimens taken at Nikko by a native collector,
and one example in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. JAPAN; ASKA; GANJAM; RANGOON
(Hampson).
Genus PYRALIS.
Linn.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 149
(1896). .
1711. Pyralis farinahs.
Pyralis farinalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, 226.
Pyralis fraterna, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iu, p. 70,
pl. lviti, fig. 4 (1879).
Type of fraterna was from Yokohama. Two specimens
were taken in Kiushiu by my native collector.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 423
Distribution. PALMARCTIC, ATHIOPIAN, NEARCTIC,
NEOTROPICAL REGIONS ; AFGHANISTAN ; AUSTRALIA; NEW
ZEALAND (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
1712. Pyralis prctalis.
Pyralis pictalis, Curtis, Brit. Ent., pl. 503; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 150 (1896).
Pyralis elachia, Butl., Ul. Typ. Lep. Het., iui, p. 70, pl. lviii,
fig. 3 (1879).
Type of elachia was from Yokohama. Five specimens
taken at Ichang in June and August, and one from Moupin
taken in August.
Distribution. EUROPE—WEST AFRICA.—J APAN; NORTH-
West HimaayAs ; NAcAs; CEYLON ; BURMA; SUMATRA ;
GILBERT IsLAND (Hampson); CENTRAL and WESTERN
CHINA.
1713. Pyralis moupinalis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 19.)
Primaries grey-brown ; ante- and postmedial lines white, slightly
curved, each commencing in a white spot on the costa and with white
dots on the costa between them; the postmedial line is dentate to-
wards the inner margin. Secondaries tinged with purplish; ante-
and postmedial lines white, the first rather oblique and the second
wavy. Fringes agree with the wings in colour and are preceded by
a brown line. Under surface fuscous with a purplish reflection ;
primaries have a white dot on apical third of costa and a white
postmedial line on the secondaries,
Expanse 25 millim,
Two specimens from Moupin taken in June.
Habitat, WESTERN CHINA. Re Ds
1714. Pyralis manihotalis.
Pyralis manthotalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 121 (1854).
Pyralis gerontesalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p.896 (1859).
One male specimen from Moupin and another from Ta-
chien-lu ; a female from Pu-tsu-fong. June and July.
These Chinese specimens more nearly approach geronte-
salis than the type. The transverse lines, which are white
and well defined, are nearer together in the’ female than
in the male.
Distribution. Cate ORIENTAL, and AUSTRALIAN
Recions (Hampson) ; WESTERN CHINA.
494, Mr. J. H. Leech on
1715. Pyralis regalis.
Pyralis regalis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 124 (1776) ; Hamp-
son, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 152 (1896).
Pyralis princeps, Butl, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., vii, p. 91,
pl. exxxiv, fig. 12 (1889). |
Specimens were taken by myself at Gensan in July, and
at Hakodate in August. There were three examples in
Pryer’s collection. |
Distribution. SoutH EurRorpE.—AMURLAND ; JAPAN;
DHARMSALA (Hampson); YESSO; COREA.
Genus TEGULIFERA.
Saalm ;. Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 152
(1896).
1716. Tegulifera faviusalis,
Pyralis faviusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p, 907
(1859).
Tegulrfera faviusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 152 (1896).
One example from Ichang, taken in July.
Distribution. NortH-WrEst HIMALAYAS; SIKHIM;
MARGHARITA; AssaAM; NAGAS; BoRNEO (Hampson) ;
CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus PARACME.
Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon., vu, p. 338 (1863).
1717. Paracme racilialis.
Pyralis racilialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 899 (1859).
Paracme ansulsalrs, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 389,
pl vy hic. “11 (1863).
Walker’s type was from North China, and that
described by Lederer from Ningpo.
Four specimens from Chang-yang, taken in June.
Distribution. NORTHERN, HASTERN, and CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus STEMMATOPHORA.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 154
(1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 425
1718. Stemmatophora albiguttata.
Pyralis albiguttata, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
vil, p. 496 (1891).
Stemmatophor a albiguttata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 156 (1896).
Distribution. JAPAN; KuAsis (Hampson).
1719. Stemmatophora bilinealts, sp. n.
Purplish-brown with two ochreous transverse lines on each wing ;
the lines on the primaries are straight ; the outer one terminating on
the inner margin just before the angle ; the lines on the secondaries
are curved. Under surface similar to above, but the lines are very
faint on secondaries, and almost entirely absent on the primaries.
Expanse 22 millim.
One male specimen from Ichang, taken in June.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
iis
1720. Stemmatophora bicoloralis.
Endotricha breoloralis, Leech, Entom., xxu, p. 65, pl. iv,
me. 17.
Pyralis duleiculalis, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889,
p. 418; Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., vii, pl. clvi,
fig. 138 (1891).
Stemmatophora bicoloralis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 157 (1896).
Type from Gensan. There were two specimens in
Pryer’s collection, and four examples were obtained in
June at Ichang and Chang-yang.
DMstribution. JAPAN; MAHABLESHWAR; NILGIRIS
(Hampson) ; COREA ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1721. Stemmatophora valida.
Pyralis valida, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 451 (1879).
I have specimens from Shimonoseki, Fushiki, and
Kiushiu taken in July and August.
Habitat. JAPAN and KIUSHIU.
Genus TAMRACA.
Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 554 (1887).
426 Mr. J. H. Leech on
T(Z2. Tamraca torridalis.
Asopia torridalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 342, pl. vi,
fig. 15 (1863).
Tamraca torridalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., 11, pl. ccxv, figs. 7,
8 (1887); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 159 (1896).
Varnia (2?) incerta, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiii, p. 829
(1865).
I obtained specimens at Nagahama and Fushiki in July,
and others were taken by native collector in Nikko and
Kiushiu.
Distribution. CHINA; NorTH-WEsT HIMALAYAS;
NAGAs; Bompay; CEYLON; BurmMA; JAVA; CELEBES
(Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
Genus HERCULIA.
Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 159
(1896).
1723. Herculia glaucinalis.
Pyralis glaucinalis, Linn., Syst. Ent., x, 533.
Pyralis yokohamex, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 452 (1879).
I obtained specimens at Fusan and Gensan, and have
received others from Kiushiu, Ichang, and Chia-ting-fu.
There was one example in Pryer’s collection. Occurs in
July.
Distribution. EuRropE.—JAPAN; KiusHiu; CoREA;
CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1724. Herculia nannodes.
Pyralis nannodes, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 71,
pl. lviu, fig. 5 (1879).
Type from Yokohama.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1725. Herculia placens.
fhodaria placens, Butl, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 72,
pl. lvin, fig. 10 (1879).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 427
Type from Yokohama. There were two specimens in
Pryer’s collection, and I received one example from Chang-
yang. The Chinese specimen is rather paler than those
from Japan.
Distribution, JAPAN; CENTRAL CHINA.
1726. Herculia japonica.
Hypsopygia japonica, Warren, Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
vu, p. 499 (1891).
One specimen from Tokio, another from Omei-shan, and
a third from Moupin. June and July.
The specimens vary in size.
Distribution. JAPAN; WESTERN CHINA.
1727. Herculia igniflualis.
Pyralis igniflualis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 268
(1859).
Flerculia igniflualis, Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ix,
pl. clxxu, fig. 10 (1893); Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 161 (1876).
Two specimens from Moupin, one taken in June, the
other in August.
Distribution. NILGIRIs ; CEYLON; BoRNEO (Hampson) ;
WESTERN CHINA.
1728. Herculia pelasgalis.
Pyralis pelasgalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 269
(1859).
Described from “ North China.” One specimen in Pryer’s
collection. I took one at Gensan in July. My native
collector obtained the species in Kiushiu and at Nikko, and
I have received specimens from Chang-yang, Moupin, and
the province of Kwei-chow. Occurs in June and July.
Distribution. JAPAN ; KiusHIu ; CoREA; CENTRAL and
WESTERN CHINA.
1729. Herculia bilinealis, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 20.)
Primaries pale brown, dusted with darker scales and slightly tinged
with pink ; ante- and postmedial lines pale ochreous, as also are the
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 29
428 Mr. J. H. Leech on
fringes. Secondaries pale ochreous dusted with brownish scales ; an
irregular clear transverse space just beyond the middle of the wing ;
fringes pale ochreous preceded by a brownish line. Under surface
similar to above.
Expanse 30 millim.
Two specimens from Chang-yang. July.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
- R. 8.
Genus LAMACHA.
Walk. ; Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 526.
1730. Lamacha bilineolata.
Lamacha bilineolata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvu, p. 8
(1863).
Described from North China.
Genus LOPHOPALPIA.
Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 526.
1731. Lophopalpia pawperalis.
Cataprosopus pauperalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 70, pl. iv,
fig. 11 (1889).
Lophopalpia pauperalis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1896, p. 526.
Taken in the neighbourhood of Yokohama by Mr.
Manley.
Distribution. PuLto Laut; JAPAN.
Genus OMPHALOCERA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 167
(1896).
1732. Omphalocera hirta, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 11.)
Head and thorax black-brown, collar reddish-brown, patagia mixed
with pale brown; abdomen brown. Primaries reddish brown
powdered with black scales ; antemedial line of the clear ground-
colour with a series of tufts of black-brown scales upon it—three on
the costal area, one below the median nervure, and one on the inner
margin ; a triangular ochreous apical patch, traversed by an oblique
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 429
streak near its inner edge, and with a short, ochreous, biangulate
line from its lower point ; marginal line black, inwardly edged with
ochreous. Secondaries fuliginous; marginal line black, double.
Under surface fuliginous ; primaries ochreous on the apical third of
costa ; postmedial line ochreous, dentate, outwardly oblique to vein
3 thence inwardly oblique to vein 1; secondaries have traces of a
pale, curved, postmedial line.
Expanse 38 millim.
One specimen from Chow-pin-sa, one from Omei-shan,
one from Kiukiang, and one from Gensan. Juneand July.
Distribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA; COREA.
R. 8.
Genus TOCCOLOSIDA.
Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 14 (1863).
1733. Toccolosida rubriceps.
Toccolosida rubriceps, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 14
(1863) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 169
(1896).
One male specimen taken in June at Moupin.
DMistribution. StkKHIM; BuHutTAN; Kudsis; NaAGas;
BoRNEO (Hampson); WESTERN CHINA.
Genus SACADA.
Walk. ; Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 528.
1734. Sacada approximans.
Datanoides approximans, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1888, p. 636, pl. xxxu, fig. 4.
Sacada inordinata, Hampson (part), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1896, p. 529.
Five males and four females in Pryer’s collection, one
female taken by myself at Fushiki in July.
Mstribution. SIKHIM (Hampson); JAPAN.
1735. Sacada fasciata,
Datanordes fasciata, Butl., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv, p. 207
(1878) ; Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, pl. xlii, fig. 4 (1879).
Aestula miraculosa, Snell, Rom. sur Lép., ii, p. 195, pl. xi
(1885).
430 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Sacada fasciata, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896,
p. 529.
Three males and four females in Pryer’s collection.
Mstribution. AMURLAND; JAPAN.
1736. Sacada contigua, sp. nu. (Plate XV, fig. 20.)
Primaries brown tinged with ferruginous on basal and outer areas ;
ante- and postmedial lines pale, the latter inwardly shaded with
ferruginous ; these lines approximate below vein 2 and thence run
almost parallel to the inner margin; the enclosed space is dark
purplish-brown ; reniform mark bright ferruginous and there is a
diffuse spot of the same colour below the base of the cell. Second-
aries pale brown heavily suffused with fuscous on outer two-thirds ;
postmedial line pale, curved; discoidal dot blackish. Fringes brown
preceded by a pale line. Under surface pale brown ; all the wings
have the postmedial line black agreeing in outline with that on upper
surface, and the enclosed area is blackish, most intense on the
primaries,
Expanse 38 millim.
One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong and one from
Moupin. June or July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Closely allied to S. discinota (Moore), but distinguished
from that species by the band-like character of the central
area of primaries and the darker secondaries with well-
defined postmedial line.
R. 8.
Genus TREBANIA.
Ragonot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 645; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, 174 (1896).
1737. Trebania flavifrontalis.
Propachys flavifrontalis, Leech, Entom., xxu, p. 108, pl. v,
fig. 6 (1889).
Trebamia flavifrontalis, Ragonot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1891,
p-. 646.
I obtained specimens at Tsuruga and Nagahama, and
have others from Ningpo, Kiushiu, and Chang-yang. There
was one example in Pryer’s collection. Occurs in May
and July.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHiu; EASTERN and CENTRAL
CHINA.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 431
1738. Trebania muricolor.
Trebania muricolor, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 174 (1896).
One male specimen taken at Chang-yang in August, and
a female at the same place in July. Other examples were
received from Pu-tsu-fong and Chia-ting-fu.
Distribution. StKHIM; NAGAS; CENTRAL and WESsT-
ERN CHINA.
Genus BostTRa.
Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 175
(1896).
1739. Bostra marginata.
Poaphila marginata, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiui, p. 991
1865).
Palas rufescens, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 354 (1879).
Pyralis assamica, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 205, pl. vu, fig. 5
(1888).
Bostra marginata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 176 (1896).
I obtained a series at Nagahama and one example at
Gensan in July; my native collector took a specimen in
Kiushiu.
Distribution. ASSAM ; MANTPUR ; MOULMEIN ; NILGIRIS;
BorRNEO (Hampson); JAPAN; KiuSHIU; CoREA.
Genus PROPACHYS.
Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 6 (1863).
1740. Propachys nigrwena.
Propachys nigrivena, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 7
(1863); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 180
(1896).
Five specimens from Kiukiang, and one from Chia-kou-
ho. June and July.
Distribution. Stkuim; KuAsts (Hampson); CENTRAL
and WESTERN CHINA.
Genus ORYBINA.
Oryba, Walker, xxvii, p. 10 (1863), preoce.
Orybina, Snell., Tijd. Ent., 1894, p. 5.
432 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1741. Orybina regalis.
Oryba regalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 71, pl. iv, fig. 9 (1889).
The type, a male, was taken by myself at Gensan in
July, and one example taken in June has been received
from Kiukiang.
Distribution. COREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
Subfamily HYDROCAMPIN 4.
Genus NYMPHULA.
Schrank ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 191
(1896).
1742. Nymphula interruptalis.
Hydrocampa interruptalis, Pryer, Cist. Ent. 1, p. 283,
pl. iv, fig. 5 (1877).
Hydrocampa nigrolinealis, Pryer, |. c., fig. 6.
Hydrocampa imterrwptalis, var. separatalis, Leech, Entom.,
xxii, p. ¢1, pl: iv; fies, 2, 13 (4869).
The type of WV. interruptalis was from Shanghai. I have
specimens of the typical form from Hakodate, Fushiki,
Gensan, Ichang, and Omei-shan; and examples of the
nigrolinealis = separatalis form from Gensan, Omei-shan,
Ta-chien-lu, Chow-pin-sa, and Chia-kou-ho, The latter
occurs in May and June, and the former in July and
August, probably distinct broods.
Distribution. JAPAN; YESSO; CoREA; EASTERN, CEN-
TRAL, and WESTERN CHINA.
1743. Nymphula fengwhanalis.
Lepyrodes fengwhanalis, Pryer, Cist. Ent., 1, p. 235, pl. iv,
fig. 11 (1877).
Type from Feng-whan-shan (hills) near Shanghai. I
obtained one specimen at Tsuruga in July, and I have
received ten others from Ichang, where they were captured
in June, July, and August, the bulk of them in the latter
month.
In the Tsuruga example the space between the central
lines on the secondaries is entirely white, whilst in one
example from Ichang this space is dark with very small
white spots.
Distribution, EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA ; JAPAN,
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 433
1744. Nymphula floralis,
Leparodes floralis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 71, pl. iv, fig. 1
(1889).
One male example from Tsuruga and one from Fushiki,
both obtained by myself in July.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1745. Nymphula foedalis,
Isopteryx foedalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 228, pl. iv,
fig. 7 (1854).
Nymphula foedalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 192 (1896).
I took a specimen in Foochau in April, and my collector
obtained two others at Ningpo in June and July.
Mstribution, ETHIOPIAN, ORIENTAL, and AUSTRALIAN
REGIONS (Hampson); HASTERN CHINA.
1746. Nymphula turbata.
Paraponyx turbata, Butl, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p- 586.
Type was from Yokohama.
One female specimen was obtained by a native collector
at Nikko.
Habitat. JAPAN.
1747. Nymphula sinicalis,
Nymphula sinicalts, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1897,
p. 141.
Described from Chekiang.
Habitat. EASTERN CHINA.
1748. Nymphula crisonalis.
Hydrocampa ecrisonalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 961
(1859).
Paraponyx hebraicalis, Snell., Tijd. Ent., xxiii, p. 240
(1880) ; xxvii, pl. iv, fig. 11 (1884).
Nymphula errsonalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 192 (1896).
Distribution. CHEKIANG, CHINA; CEYLON; JAVA; CE-
LEBES ;; AUSTRALIA (Hampson).
434 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1749. Nymphula incurvalis, sp. n.
Primaries white suffused with pale ochreous brown, a black dot in
the cell, one below the median nervure and near the base of the wing,
and a lunule at end of the cell ; postmedial line pale brown, diffuse,
interrupted, deeply bent under end of the cell ; submarginal line pale
brown, diffuse, indented between veins 1 and 2 and expanding towards
the costa. Secondaries white suffused with pale ochreous brown on
outer half; a black dot at end of the cell and one beyond, a black dot
the submedian interspace, and two short black lines on middle of
abdominal margin ; the abdomen is also marked with black at this
point. Fringes white, dotted with black, and preceded by two blackish
lines, the inner crenulate, and on the secondaries receding from the
outer margin as it approaches its termination on the abdominal
margin. Under surface white suffused with pale ochreous, black spots
of upper surface faintly reproduced.
Expanse ¢ 16 millim. @ 20 millim.
Six specimens from Ichang. August.
Allied to NV. diminutalis, Snell.
R. 8.
1750. Nymphula responsalis.
Nymphula responsalis, Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 192 (1896).
Mstribution. JAPAN; throughout INDIA, CEYLON, and
BurMA; AUSTRALIA (Hampson).
1751. Nymphula vittalis.
Oligostigma vittalis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 66, pl. vi,
fig. 3 (1864).
Oligostigma regularis, Pryer, Cist. Ent., 11, p. 234, pl. iv,
fig. 8 (1877).
Type of regularis from Shanghai. I have one specimen
taken by myself at Gensan in July, and one from Chang-
yang, taken in May.
Distribution. AMURLAND; EASTERN and CENTRAL
CHINA; COREA.
Genus CATACLYSTA.
Hiibn.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 196
(1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 435
1752. Cataclysta blandialis.
Cataclysta blandialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvu, p. 448
(1859) ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ii, pl. clxxix, fig. 15 (1887) ;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 197 (1896).
There was a specimen in Pryer’s collection, and my
native collector obtained one in the island of Kiushiu.
Distribution. DHARMSALA; CALCUTTA; BomMBAY; NIL-
GIRIS; CEYLON; BoRNEO; AMBOINA (Hampson); JAPAN ;
KIUSHIU.
1753. Cataclysta midas,
Cataclysta midas, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 585.
Type from Tokio.
One specimen in Pryer’s collection; I obtained one
example at Gensan in June, and my native collector took
others in the island of Kiushiu. Three specimens were
received from Chang-yang.
Distribution. JAPAN; KIUSHIU; COREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus MUSOTIMA.
Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 288; Hampson,
Moths, iv, p. 199 (1896).
1754. Musotima nubilalis, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 27.)
Primaries light ochreous brown, basal and subbasal dots black, a
short white streak on the median nervure from the base to a black
dot placed below the subbasal dot; antemedial line black, deeply
elbowed below the discal mark, externally edged with whitish, the
area beyond the postmedial line clouded with blackish ; a white
apical mark and a black marginal line marked with white,
Secondaries ochreous brown, basal area white, a black dot at the
base, and a dusky, oblique, subbasal line ; ante- and postmedial lines
black, the latter outwardly marked with white and sharply elbowed
above the middle ; a black discoidal mark ; submarginal band white,
macular, followed by a black line and an orange band. Fringes black
tipped with white.
Expanse 19 millim,
One specimen taken in August at Chang-yang.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
RS.
436 | Mr. J. H. Leech on
Genus OLIGOSTIGMA.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 260 (1854).
1755. Oligostigma corculina.
Oligostigma corculina, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 75,
pl. lix, fig. 7 (1878).
Type from Yokohama.
| Habitat. JAPAN.
1756. Oligostigma insectale.
Oligostigma insectalis, Pryer, Cist. Ent., ii, p. 234, pl. iv,
fig. 7 (1877).
Type from Shanghai.
Habitat. EASTERN CHINA.
1757. Oligostigma bifurcale.
Cataclysta bifurcalis, Pryer, Cist. Ent., 11, p, 232, pl. iv, fig. 4
(1877).
Oligostigma bifurcale, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
Iv, p. 212 (1896).
Type from the Snowy Valley, near Ningpo.
Mstribution, CHEKIANG, CHINA; KHAsis; SHAN STATES
(Hampson).
Genus AULACODES.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 212
(1896).
1758, Aulacodes peribocalis.
Cataclysta pertbocalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvu, p. 446
(1859).
Cataclysta halialis, Walk., l. ¢., p. 44°7.
Cataclysta sabrina, Pryer, Cist. Ent., ii, p. 232, pl. iv, fig. 3
(1877).
Aulacodes peribocalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 215 (1896).
The type of halialis, Walk., was from China, and that
of sabrina, Pryer, from the Snowy Valley, near Ningpo. I
have one example from the latter locality, two specimens
from Kiukiang, and one from Chang-yang. Occurs in May,
June, and July.
Mstribution. ADEN; NortH-WEST HIMALAYAS; NIL-
GIRIS ; BurMA (Hampson) ; CENTRAL and EASTERN CHINA.
FHeterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 437
1759. Aulacodes sinensis.
Aulacodes sinensis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1897,
Pp E76.
Described from Omei-shan,. I have specimens from
the original locality, also from Moupin, Chia-kou-ho,
Chang-yang, and Ichang. Occurs in July.
Habitat, CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1760. Aulacodes laminalis.
Aulacodes laminalis, Hampson, sp. n.
Forewing of male without fovea in cell.
Head white ; palpi black-brown, the base and extremity white ;
thorax and legs rufous and white; abdomen rufous with whitish
bands and ventral stripe. Forewing fulvous-brown; a brighter
fulvous stripe below costa interrupted at middle by a black spot on a
whitish patch ; oblique white basal and subbasal bands from middle
of cell to inner margin ; an oblique quadrate patch in and below end
of cell with a spot on inner margin below it and traces of a line
beyond its outer edge; a conical patch beyond the cell from below
costa to vein 3 where its apex is turned inwards, and with traces of a
line beyond it towards costa; an orange terminal band with fine
black line on its inner edge and white line before it, dentate inwards
and ending above inner margin; a terminal series of small black
lunules ; cilia fuscous with a fine black line at base. Hindwing with
the base white ; a brown-edged fulvous antemedial band followed by
a white band narrowing to inner margin; a brown-edged fulvous
postmedial band expanding into an apical patch with curved silvery
lunule on it; an orange terminal band from the apical patch with a fine
black line on its inner edge and white line before it ; some white
points on termen towards apex, two black points just above middle
with white points on their outer side, then a fine black line; cilia
fuscous with a fine black line at base.
Expanse 30-34 millim. Types in Coll. Rothschild and B. M.
A fine series from Chang-yang, taken in May; one ex-
ample from Kiukiang and one from Ichang, both taken in
July.
Habitat. CENTRAL AND WESTERN CHINA.
Gres:
Genus PARTHENODES.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 216
(1896), |
438 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1761. Parthenodes prodigalis.
Cataclysta prodigalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 70, pl. iv, fig.
16 (1889).
I obtained this species at Tsuruga and Gensan in July;
and I have received specimens from Ichang, Chang-yang,
Moupin, and the province of Kwei-chow. Occurs in June,
July, and August.
Dstribution. JAPAN; COREA; WESTERN and CENTRAL
CHINA.
1762. Parthenodes distinctalis.
Diasemia distinctalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 67, pl. iv, fig.
5 (1889).
The type was obtained in the Snowy Valley, near
Ningpo, in July by a native collector. I have received
specimens from Chang-yang, Ichang, and the province of
Kwei-chow, some of which were taken in May and others
in July and August. Some examples have the discal
markings of primaries obscured by the ground colour.
The Central and Western specimens are generally larger
than the type.
Habitat. CENTRAL, EASTERN, and WESTERN CHINA.
1763. Parthenodes sutschana.
Parthenodes sutschana, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1900, p. 384.
Two specimens from Ichang and one from Gensan.
August.
Distribution. COREA ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1764. Parthenodes triangulalis, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 26.)
Pale brownish-grey with white markings outlined in dark brown.
Primaries have a white triangular mark, its base on the middle of
inner margin and the apex surmounted by a white dot ; a spot beyond
the cell outwardly bordered by a white line ; submarginal line white,
interrupted. Secondaries have the central third white, enclosing a
brown spot, tapering to a point on the inner margin; submarginal
line white, interrupted. Fringes whitish, marked with darker at the
tips and preceded by a blackish line. Under surface as above but
rather paler.
-Expanse 22 millim.
One male specimen from Moupin, taken in June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 439
1765. Parthenodes stellata.
Paracymoriza stellata, Warren, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xvu, p. 203 (1896).
Parthenodes stellata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 217 (1896).
One example taken in June at Ichang.
Mstribution. KHASIS; CENTRAL CHINA.
1766. Parthenodes pallidalis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 29.)
White clouded and suffused with pale brown. Primaries have a
blackish dot at the outer extremity of cell ; antemedial line brownish,
slightly elbowed below the costa, thence nearly straight to the inner
margin ; postmedial line brownish, outwardly oblique to vein 3,
retracted to lower angle of cell, thence sinuous to the inner margin ;
a brownish submarginal band almost touching the postmedial line at
vein 3. Secondaries have a brown antemedial line from the discoidal
dot to vein 2; a black patch on the outer margin between veins 2
and 7 with a connected series of white lunules and some metallic
dots upon it, the latter on the outer margin. Under surface whitish,
markings obscure.
Expanse 19 millim.
One female specimen from Ichang taken in July.
Habitat, CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus BRADINA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind. Moths, iv, p. 206
(1896).
1767. Bradina atropalis.
Botys atropalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 664 (1859).
Botys damasalis, Walk., 1. ¢., p. 668.
Both atropalis and damasalis types were from Shanghai.
I obtained specimens at Nagasaki in June, and at Fus-
hiki and Nagahama in July ; I have also specimens taken
at Chang-yang in June and in the Ichang Gorge in
August.
Distribution. EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN;
KIUSHIU.
1768. Bradina megesalis.
Botys megesalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 663
(1859).
440) Mr. J. H. Leech on
Described from North China.
I received a number of specimens from Ichang and
Chang-yang, one example from Kiukiang, and two from
Moupin. There was one specimen in poor condition in
Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. JAPAN; NORTH, CENTRAL, and WESTERN
CHINA.
1769. Bradina rectilinealis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 1.)
Primaries brown tinged with fuscous, a black discal spot; post-
medial line dusky, straight, terminating on the inner margin one-
third from the outer angle. Secondaries fuscous, paler on costal area.
Fringes whitish, fuscous grey at their base.
Expanse 32 millim.
Two specimens from Moupin, two from Chang-yang, and
three from Ichang. |
Habitat. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Near £. translinealis, Hampson, but the postmedial line
is placed further from the outer margin and it is bent out-
wards above the inner margin. Secondaries are without
marking, or with only faint traces of a transverse line.
BR: &, °
1770. Bradina admiatalis.
Botys admixtalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 665
(1859).
Bradina admiztalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 227 (1896).
Distribution. NATAL.—JAPAN ; throughout Inp14, CEy-
LON, and BurMA; PERAK (Hampson).
1771. Bradina nigripunctalis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 25.)
Palpi, head, thorax and abdomen pale buff marked with black.
Primaries pale buff merging into pale tawny on the outer marginal
area ; a black subbasal spot on the median nervure, and one below
it on the inner margin. Two black spots, separated by the median
nervure, represent a curved antemedial band ; a black spot in the cell
and one at end, a black spot on costa, one opposite end of cell, and
one on the inner margin represent a curved postmedial band.
Secondaries agree in colour with the primaries, and have a central
black spot and also one on the inner margin. Fringes grey, becom-
ing whitish towards the inner angle of primaries and the anal angle
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 44]
of secondaries. Under surface similar to above, but the central spot
of the secondaries extends to vein 8.
Expanse 28 millim.
One 2 specimen from Chia-ting-fu taken by a native
collector in June or July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R.S.
Genus LUMA.
Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 229
(1896).
1772. Luma ornatalis.
Zebroma ornatalis, Leech, Entom., xxu, p. 71, pl. iv, fig. 12
(1889).
My native collector obtained three specimens at Ningpo
in June and I obtained one example at Foochow in April.
I also received nine specimens from Chang-yang, and one
from Moupin; these were taken in June, and are much
larger than the others.
Habitat. EASTERN, CENTRAL, and WESTERN CHINA;
ASSAM.
1773. Lwma sericea.
Deana sericea, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv, p.
451 (1879).
Luma sericea, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p.
229 (1896).
I obtained a specimen at T'suruga in July, and have
received others from Chang-yang, Ichang, and the isle of
Kiushiu.
Distribution. KHAsIS; SHAN States (Hampson); JAPAN;
KIUSHIU ; CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus DIATHRAUSTA.
_ Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 438.
1774. Diathrausta plumbealis.
Syntomodora plumbealis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xviii, p. 174 (1896),
DMathrausia plumbealis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1897, p. 206.
442 Mr. J. H. Leech on
One specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, and one from Chow-
pin-sa. June.
Distribution. ASSAM; WESTERN CHINA.
1775. Diathrausta picata.
Danaga picata, Butl, Il. Typ. Lep. Het., vii, p. 94, pl.
exxxiv, fig. 17 (1889).
Diathrausta picata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 234 (1896).
I obtained one specimen at Ningpo in April, three in
Nagasaki in May, and one at Fushiki in July.
Distribution. DHARMSALA ; EASTERN CHINA; KIUSHIU;
JAPAN.
Genus DIATHRAUSTODES.
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 233 (1896).
1776. Diathraustodes fulvofusa.
Mathraustodes fulvofusa, Hampson, sp. n.
¢. Palpi fuscous, white at base and tips ; frons whitish ; antenne,
vertex of head, and thorax fulvous and fuscous ; abdomen fuscous
tinged with fulvous ; pectus, legs and ventral surface whitish. Fore-
wing fuscous suffused with fulvous to the postmedial line and apex;
a curved antemedial line ; an oblique pure white triangular patch on
costa extending down to vein 5 on inner side of postmedial line,
which is bent inwards below vein 3. Hindwing greyish-fuscous ; a
dark postmedial line excurved between veins 5 and 3, then bent
inwards ; cilia of both wings black at base, white at tips. Underside
of inner and terminal areas of forewing and of the whole hindwing
erey.
Expanse 18 millim. Type in Coll. Rothschild.
Gi. Fe
One specimen taken at Ichang in July.
Distribution. KHASIS; CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus PILETOCERA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 236
(1896).
1777. Piletocera sodalis.
Desmia sodalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 71, pl. iv, fig. 6
(1889).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 4.43
Obtained in Satsuma in May, and at Nagasaki in June;
I have also received examples from Mr. Manley of Yoko-
hama, and my native collector took the species at Ningpo
and at Nikko. There were specimens in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHiu; EASTERN CHINA.
1778. Piletocera xgimiusalis.
Desmia xgimiusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 929
(1859).
Puletocera xgimiusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
lv, p. 236 (1896).
Two male specimens taken in Kiushiu by my native
collector.
Distribution. SIKHIM; KHASIS; MARGHARITA; ASSAM;
ANDAMANS; Borneo; Mysou (Hampson); KivusHIv.
1779. Puletocera chrysorycta.
Piletocera chrysorycta, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884,
p- 320.
One specimen from Kiushiu and one from Ta-chien-lu.
Distribution. AUSTRALIA; KiusHiu; WESTERN CHINA.
Genus CAMPTOMASTYX.
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 238 (1896).
1780. Camptomastyx hisbonalis.
Botys hisbonalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 707
(1859).
Botys pacalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 69, pl. iv, fig. 15
(1889).
Camptomastyx pacalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) ix, p. 439 (1892).
Diplotyla longipalpis, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., vii, p. 95,
pl. cxxxv, fig. 4 (1889).
Camptomastyce hisbonalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
Iv, p. 239 (1896).
The type, a female, of “ Botys” pacalis was taken in the
Snowy Valley, near Ningpo, in April, and one specimen,
taken in May, was received from Kiukiang.
Distribution. Cutya; Stwta; Duarmsdia; KuAsis;
NAGas; BorneEo (Hampson) : "EASTERN and CENTRAL
Curva.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 30
44,4, Mr. J. H. Leech on
Genus CLUPEOSOMA.
Clupeosoma, Snell., Tijd. Ent., xxii, p. 203 (1880).
Hydrorybina, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p.
239 (1896).
1781. Clupeosoma pryert.
Anemosa pryeri, Butl, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p.
588.
Type from Yokohama.
I took one specimen at Nagasaki in May.
Habitat. JAPAN and KIUSHIU.
Genus PSAMMOTIS.
Hiibn.; Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 219.
1782. Psammotis lancealis.
Pyralis lancealis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 121.
Pyralis glabralis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 117.
Perinephila glabralis, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., p. 357.
Botys lancealis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 338.
Psammotis lancealis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1897, p. 220.
One specimen from Yokohama in Pryer’s collection,
one example received from Chia-kou-ho, and one from
Moupin.
Distribution. KUROPE.—JAPAN ; WESTERN CHINA.
Genus EURRHYPARA.
Hubner, Verz. Schmett., p. 8360 (1827).
1788. Lurrhypara urticata.
Phalena urticata, Linn., Faun. Suec., 1297.
Pyralis wrticalis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 78.
Hurrhypara urticalis, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., p. 360
(1827).
Botys urticalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 342.
My collectors met with this species commonly at Wa-
shan in May and June; they also obtained specimens at
Ta-chien-lu and Pu-tsu-fong in June and July. These
examples are generally larger than Kuropean specimens.
Dnrstribution. EUROPE.—CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
FHeterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 445
Genus MABRA.
Mabra, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ii, p. 280 (1885).
Neophruda, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) xvii, p.
463 (1896).
1784. Mabra charonialis.
Asopia charonialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 372
(1859).
Stenia dissipatalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., 1881, 1, p. 28.
The type of charonialis was from Shanghai.
There were some specimens in Pryer’s collection. I took
examples at Gensan in June, and have received others from
Ichang, Chang-yang, Moupin, and Ta-chien-lu.
Distribution. AMURLAND; JAPAN; COREA; CENTRAL,
EASTERN, and WESTERN CHINA.
Subfamily SCOPARIIN.
Genus SCOPARIA.
Haworth, Lep. Brit., p. 498 (1811).
1785. Scoparia ambigualis.
Eudorea ambigualis, Treit., Schmett., Eur., vii, p. 184.
One specimen from the island of Kiushiu, taken by a
native collector. The outer line is less angled than usual
in this species, and the dark shading following the line is
not intérrupted.
Distribution. EUROPE. NORTH-WEST AFRICA; KIUSHIU.
1786. Scoparia truncicolella.
Endorea truncicolella, Stainton, Man., u, p. 161.
Three specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in July, and
one from Nemoro, obtained in August.
Distribution. EUROPE.— WESTERN CHINA; JAPAN.
1787. Scoparia murificalis.
Scoparia murificalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 826;
Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ix, pl. clxxiv, fig. 10.
One specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in July.
Distribution. NortH-Wrst HIMALAYAS; WESTERN
CHINA.
446 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1788. Scoparia congestalis.
Scoparia congestalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 826;
Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ix, pl. clxxiv, fig. 2.
Two specimens from Chang-yang, June and August, and
one from Ta-chien-lu, May or June.
Distribution. NORTH-WEST HIMALAYAS; CENTRAL and
WESTERN CHINA.
1789. Scoparia vinotinctalis,
Scoparia vinotinctalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 244 (1896).
One female specimen taken at Moupin in June. Four
examples, including both sexes, were obtained at Chang-
yang; two of them have the markings much obscured.
Distribution. NILGiIRI PLATEAU (Hampson); CENTRAL
and WESTERN CHINA.
Somewhat similar to S. cembrx, Haw., but distinguished
by the more oblique antemedial line.
Subfamily PYRAUSTINZ.
Genus ENTEPHRIA.
Led. ; Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 618.
1790. Entephria jaguaralis.
Pycnarmon jaguaralis, Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 256 (1896).
Var. chinensis, nov. (Plate XIV, fig. 2.)
One female specimen from Wa-shan, taken in June, differs from
typical examples in having a black line on the primaries, from vein 5
to inner margin, instead of a round black spot ; the marginal line is
broader, and the apical spot is merged in it; the secondaries are
without orange markings.
Expanse 20 millim.
No other example of the species was received from China,
or from Japan.
Distribution. DHARMSALA ; SIkKHIM; ASSAM; MALacca;
CELEBES ; Mysore; Waiciou ; NEw GUINEA; SOLOMONS
(Hampson); WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 44:7
1791. Entephria caberalis.
Spilomela caberalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 284 (1854).
Zebronia abdicalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 480.
Conchylodes abdicalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 443, pl.
xvil., fig. 12 (1868).
Conchylodes corycialis, Snell., Tijd. Ent., xx, p. 237 (1880),
xxvii, p. 44, pl. iv, fig. 6 (1884).
Pycnarmon caberalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 258 (1896).
Entephria cribrata, Fabr.; Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1898, p. 619.
I obtained specimens at Foochow in April and at Gensan
in July. I have also received examples from Ichang, taken
in June and July.
Mstribution. CHINA; Formosa; throughout INDIA,
CEYLON, and Burma; Punto Laut; Bornko; JAVA;
CELEBES; FLores; SumBawa; Fis1 (Hampson); CoREA;
CENTRAL CHINA.
1792. Entephria lactiferalis.
Zebronia (?) lactiferalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 480
(1859).
Zebromia argyria, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., 11, p. 76, pl.
lix, fig. 9 (1879).
Conchylodes paucipunctalis, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
£390, p. G33, pl. xix, fig. 2.
Pycnarmon lactiferalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
p. 259 (1896). |
Entephria lactiferalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1898, p. 620.
Type of argyria, Butl, was from Hakodate. I have
eight specimens from Moupin, taken in August.
Nstribution. JAPAN; NorTH-West HIMALAYAS; CEY-
LON; Burma; Puto Laut; BornEo; CELEBES (Hamp-
son); WESTERN CHINA.
1793. Entephria xriferalis.
Conchylodes xriferalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877;
p. 618.
448 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Pycnarmon exriferalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 529 (1896).
Entephria xriferalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1898,
p. 620.
I obtained examples of this species in Satsuma in May,
at Fusan in June, and at Gensan in July; there was one
specimen in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. SIKHIM ; ANDAMANS (Hampson); KIUSHIU;
CoREA.
1794, Entephria radiata.
Aripana radiata, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
xvii, p. 169 (1896).
I have two specimens from Chang-yang, one taken in
May, and the other in June.
Distribution. KHAsIs ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1795. Entephria pantherata.
Crocidophora pantherata, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., 11, p. 59,
pl. xxxix, fig. 10 (1878).
Type from Yokohama. There were specimens in Pryer’s
collection ; I obtained the species in Satsuma in May, at
Nagasaki in June, and at Shimonoseki and Ningpo in
July. Some examples, taken in June, were received from
Chang-yang.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHIU; EASTERN and CENTRAL
CHINA.
1796. Entephria tylostegalis.
Entephria tylostegalis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1900, p. 885, pl. 111, fig. 6.
Two specimens from Chang-yang. May and June.
Distribution. AMURLAND; WESTERN CHINA (Hampson) ;
CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus REHIMENA.
Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 261 (1896).
1797. Rehimena phrynealis,
Botys phrynealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 630 (1859).
Rehimena phrynealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 261 (1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. AAD
One example from Chang-yang, taken in May.
Distribution. Throughout Inp1A, CEYLON, and Burma;
Bornko (Hampson) ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1798. Rehimena straminealis, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 21.)
Primaries pale straw colour, rather darker on the costa, a black dot
in the cell and a hook-shaped mark below it on the inner margin, a
black spot at end of the cell ; postmedial band indicated by short
black streaks on veins 1—7. Secondaries have black streaks on
veins 2—7 heavier than those on the primaries, some black specks
between veins 1 and 2, and a black cloud on outer margin near the
apex. Fringes pale, preceded by a brownish line. Under surface as
above, but the streaks on the venation are very faint,
Expanse 19 millim.
One male specimen taken at Chang-yang in May.
Habitat, CENTRAL CHINA.
R. S.
Genus ZINCKENIA.
Zell.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 262 (1896).
1799. Zinckenta fascialis.
Pyralis fascialis, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv, pl. cccexevil. fig. O
1782).
elon recurvalis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., p. 237 (1793).
Hymenia diffascialis, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., p. 361.
Hydrocampa albifascialis, Boisd., Faun. Ent. Madag., p.
119, pl. xvi, fig. 1 (1833).
Linckenia fascialis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 262 (1896).
Cramer’s type was from Japan.
I took specimens at Gensan in July, and have received
others from the island of Kiushiu and from Ichang. There
were some examples in Pryer’s collection.
Mstribution. NEOTROPICAL and ETHIOPIAN REGIONS;
PaLmARcTIC ASIA from SYRIA to JAPAN; the whole
ORIENTAL and AUSTRALIAN REGIONS (Hampson).
Genus EURRHYPARODES.
Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent., 1880, p. 215.
1800. Hurrhyparodes bracteolalis.
Botys bracteolalis, Zell., Lep. Caffr., 1852, p. 30.
4.50 Mr. J. H. Leéch on
LIsopteryx accessalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 405 (1859),
Hurrhyparodes accessalis, "Moore, Lep. Gey, ili, p. 294, pl.
ebcxix, fig. 6 (1885).
Eurrhyparodes stebialis, Snell. Tijd. Ent., xxiii, p, 216
(1880), xxvi, p. 134, pl. viii, fig. 3 (1883).
Hurrhyparodes bracteolalis, Hainpson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 264 (1896) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1898,
p. 626
There was one specimen in Pryer’s collection, and I have
others from Nagahama, Fushiki, Satsuma, and Kiushiu.
Distribution. WesverN and SOUTHERN AFRIcA.—J APAN ;
Cuina; throughout INDIA, CEYLON, and BuRMA; JAVA;
OELEBES ; AUSTRALIA ; N EW HEBRIDES (Hampson) ;
KIUSHIU.
1801. Hurrhyparodes leechi, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 15.)
Dark grey with white markings. Primaries have a white dot
about the middle of cell and a large patch of the same colour at end of
the cell, the latter enclosing a round spot of the ground colour. Post-
medial line white, curved and recurved, interrupted about the middle;
this is preceded by an irregular-shaped white blotch extending from
just below the costa to vein 2; some white flecks below the odlt and
vein 2, and others on the outer margin. Secondaries have a blackish
subbasal spot; the basal two-thirds white suffused with dark grey at
the base ; the outer limits of this white area is traversed by a sinuous
dark grey band, which has an inward projection below the middle,
and is continued along the abdominal margin; outer third dark
grey with some white flecks on the margin. Fringes grey, tipped
with white, entirely white at the angles, traversed by a dark grey
line, and preceded by a black one.
Expanse 36 millim.
Specimens were received from Moupin, Wa-shan, Ta-
chien-lu, Chia-kou-ho, Chow-pin-sa, Chia-ting-fu; the pro-
vince of Kwei-chou, and Chang-yang. June and July.
Habitat. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Rt. S:
Genus HETEROCNEPHES.
Led. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 265
(1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 451
1802. H aerieaenhes lubricosa.
Charitoprepes lubricosa, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xvu, p. 136 (1896).
Heterocnephes lubricosa, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 265 (1896).
One specimen from Chang-yang, taken in May.
Distribution. KuAsis (Hampson); CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus AGROTERA.
Schrank ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 266
(1896).
1808. Agrotera nemoralis.
Phalena nemoralis, Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 242 (1763).
Pyralis nemoralis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 100.
There were some examples in Pryer’s collection. I took
specimens at Nagasaki and Gensan, in May and June, and
my native collector obtained others in the island of
Kiushiu.
Distribution. EUROPE.—JAPAN ; KIUSHIU ; COREA.
1804. Agrotera leucostola.
Agrotera leucostola, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 268 (1896).
One specimen from Chang-yang, taken in May ; one
example from Ichang, obtained in July.
Distribution. StkHiM; NAcAs (Hampson); CENTRAL
CHINA.
Genus PAGYDA.
Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 487 (1859).
1805 and 1806. Pagyda salvalis.
Pagyda salvalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 487 (1859).
Botys arbiter, Butl., ll. Typ. Lep. Het., i, p. 77, pl. lix,
fig. 13 (1879).
4:52 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Pagyda salvalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iti, p. 314, pl. clxxxu,
fig. 6 (1886); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 270 (1896).
Butler’s type was from Yokohama.
One specimen from Ichang, taken in June.
Distribution. JAPAN; SIKHIM ; WESTERN and SOUTHERN
Inp1a; CEYLON; BurmMA; Puto Laut; Borneo (Hamp-
son) ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1807. Pagyda amuphisalis,
Botys amphisalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 661 (1859).
Described from China. There were specimens in
Pryer’s collection. I obtained examples at Nagasaki in
May, and at Hakodate in August; my native collector
took the species in the island of Kiushiu, and I have
received specimens from Ichang and Moupin, the latter
taken in June and July.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHiu; YESSO ; CENTRAL and
WESTERN CHINA.
1808. Pagyda quadrilineata.
Pagyda quadrilineata, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 586.
Type from Yokohama. There were specimens in Pryer’s
collection, others were taken by native collector in Kiushiu
and at Gensan in July; I obtained the species at Naga-
saki in May.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiIusHIU; COREA.
Genus CNAPHALOCROCIS.
Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon., vu, p. 384 (1868).
1809. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis.
Salbia medinalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 201 (1854).
Botys rutilalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 665 (1859).
Botys tolealis, Walk., |. c., p. 666.
Cnaphalocrocis rolealis (jolinalis), Led., Wien. Ent. Mon.,
vil, p. 885 (Godara), pl. xii, fig. 7.
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 275 (1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 453
I obtained this species in Satsuma in May and at Gensan
in July; my native collector took it in the island of
Kiushiu ; there were specimens in Pryer’s collection, and I
have others from Ichang.
Mstribution. JAPAN; throughout the ORIENTAL and
AUSTRALIAN REGIONS (Hampson); KiusHIU; COREA;
CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus MARASMIA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 275 (1896).
1810. Marasmia exigua.
Samea exigua, Butl, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 453 (1879).
I took a specimen at Fushiki in July.
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus SAMEA.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 193 (1854).
1811. Samea (?) fumidalis.
Samea fumidalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 70, pl. iv, fig. 8
(1889).
Obtained at Nagasaki in May.
Habitat. KIUSHIU.
Genus SYNGAMIA.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 279
(1896).
1812. Syngamia faleidicalis.
Asopia falcidicalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 370
(1859).
Syngamia faleidicalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 280 (1896).
One specimen was received from Ta-chien-lu. This
species is superficially very like Sylepta tricolor, Butl., for
which it may very easily be mistaken,
454 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Distribution. NorTH-WEsT HIMALAYAS; KuHAsis ; NIL-
GIRIS; CEYLON (Hampson); WESTERN CHINA.
Genus BoccHORIS.
Moore; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 281
(1896).
1813. Bocchoris onychinalis.
Asopia onychinalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 205 (1854).
Zebronia (2) braurealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 971
(1859).
Bocchoris onychinalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 283 (1896).
Five specimens taken in Satsuma in May and one at
Gensan in July.
— Distribution. Wrest AFRICA.—ADEN ; throughout INDIA,
CEYLON, and BuRMA; BoRNEO; AUSTRALIA (Hampson) ;
KIUSHIU ; COREA.
1814. Bocchoris adipalis.
Botys adipalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 475,
pl xt fig. a6.
Bocchoris adipalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 286 (1896).
Samea cuprinalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 615.
Mimorista marginalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xvii, p. 114.
I obtained one specimen in Satsuma in May.
Distribution. StkHIM; KHAsIS; CEYLON; MERGUI;
ANDAMANS; Matacca; AMBoInA (Hampson); KIUSHIU.
1815. Bocchoris aptalis.
Botys aptalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1425 (1865).
Samea usitata, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 74, pl. lix,
fig. 3 (1879).
Bocchoris aptalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 286.
The type of wsetata was from Yokohama.
LDstribution. JAPAN ; Kuasis ; Myson (Hampson).
1816. Bocchoris inspersalis.
Botys inspersalis, Zell., Lep. Caffr., 1852, p. 33,
Heterocera from China, Jupan, and Corea. 455
Desmia afflictalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 190, pl. v,
fig. 4 (1854).
Bocchoris inspersalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
lv, p. 284 (1896).
Desmia stellaris, Butl., I. Typ. Lep. Het., i, p. 78,
pl. lviu, fig. 15 (1879).
I obtained this species in Satsuma in May, at Fushiki
in July, and at Hakone in August. A native collector
took specimens at Ningpo in June, also at Nikko, and I
have received one example from Chang-yang, taken in
June. There was one specimen in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. Throughout AFRICA—ADEN; JAPAN;
Cuina; Boutin; NILGIRIsS; CEYLON; BURMA; JAVA
(Hampson); JAPAN; KiusHIU; EASTERN and CENTRAL
CHINA.
Genus NOSOPHORA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 288
(1896).
1817. Nosophora semitritalis,
Analtes semitritalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 407,
pl. xiv, fig. 14 (1863).
Nosophora senitritalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 291 (1896).
Five specimens from Ichang and one from Kiushiu.
June and July.
Distribution. StkHIM; Puto Laut; AMBoINnA (Hamp-
son); CENTRAL CHINA; KIUSHIU.
Genus TYSPANODES.
Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) vii, p. 425 (1891).
1818. Tyspanodes hypsalrs.
Tyspanodes hypsalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
vii, p. 426 (1891).
Described from North China.
One example taken by myself at Gensan in July, one
received from Wa-shan, and one from Omei-shan, June
and July.
Distribution. NORTHERN and WESTERN CHINA; COREA.
456 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1819. ZLyspanodes striata.
Astura striata, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 76, pl. lix,
fig. 10 (1879).
Type from Yokohama. There was one example in Pryer’s
collection, and two specimens were taken at Hakodate
by native collector. I obtained the species at Nagasaki
and in Satsuma in May, and at Gensan in July; my native
collector took specimens at Ningpo in June, and I have
others from Ichang, Moupin, and Omei-shan.
The Hakodate specimens are pale with very faint
markings.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHiu; YESSo; CorEA; EAst-
ERN, CENTRAL, and WESTERN CHINA.
Genus DICHOCROCIS.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 305
(1896). -
1820. Dichocrocis surusalis.
Botys surusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p.695 (1859).
Botys semrfascralis, Snell., Tijd. Ent., xxiii, p. 214 (1880);
xxvi, p. 181, pl. vii, fig. 12 (1888).
Dichocrocis surusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 811 (1896).
One example from Ichang Gorge taken in August.
Distribution. JAPAN; CEYLON; BoRNEO (Hampson) ;
CENTRAL CHINA.
1821. Dichocrocis punctiferalis.
Astura punctiferalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 320 (1854).
Astura guttalalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1381
(1865).
Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 307 (1896).
I took specimens at Shimonoseki, Nagahama, Fushiki,
Tsuruga, and Gensan in July, and I have received one
example from Chia-ting-fu taken in June or July.
Distribution, CHINA; throughout InpIA, CEYLON, and
Burma; the MALAYAN SUB-REGION and AUSTRALIAN
Recion (Hampson); JAPAN; COREA; WESTERN CHINA.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 457
1822. Dichocrocis nelusalis.
Botys nelusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 685 (1859).
Botys chlorophanta, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., 11, p. 58,
pl. xxxix, fig. 8 (1878).
Hedylepta straminea, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 278, pl. clxxx,
fig. 5 (1885).
Dichocrocis nelusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 310 (1896).
Dichocrocis renidata, Fabr.; Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1898, p. 692.
The type of “Botys” chlorophanta, Butl., was from
Yokohama. I obtained examples in Satsuma in May, at
Fushiki, and one at Gensan in July. Specimens were
received from Ningpo, Ichang, Chang-yang, Kiukiang, and
Chia-ting-fu. The species was represented in Pryev’s
collection.
DMstribution. SIKHIM ; NILGIRIS ; CEYLON ; ANDAMANS;
Puto Laut; Borneo (Hampson); KiusHiu; JAPAN;
CoREA; CENTRAL, EASTERN, and WESTERN CHINA.
1823. Dichocrocis definita.
Haritala definita, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., vii, p. 97,
pl. exxxv, fig: 9 (1889).
Dichocrocis definita, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 308 (1896).
Two specimens from Chang-yang, May and June; one
from Ichang and one from Chia-kou-ho, taken in July.
Distribution. DHARMSALA; S1IkHIM; KuHAsis (Hamp-
son); CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Genus CHAREMA.
Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 218 (1888).
1824. Charema noctescens.
Charema noctescens, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 218 (1888).
Phryganodes noctescens, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
p. 303 (1896).
Specimens from Nikko, Shimonoseki, Satsuma, Gensan,
Moupin, and Chia-ting-fu. Occurs in May, July, and
August.
458 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Distribution. SikuHim; KuAsis (Hampson); JAPAN;
KivusHIU; CoREA; WESTERN CHINA.
Genus NACOLEIA.
Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 312
(1896).
1825. Nacoleia peonalis.
Botys peonalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 639 (1859).
Asopia misera, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep, Het., ii, p. 74, pl. lix,
fig. 5 (1879).
Acharana similis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 286, pl. clxxx,
fig. 12 (1885).
Nacoleia peonalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 313 (1896).
Butler’s type of mzsera was from Yokohama.
Specimens were captured by myself in Satsuma in May,
at Nagasaki and Fusan in June, and my collectors ob-
tained others at Chang-yang. There were some examples
in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. SIERRA LEONE.—JAPAN; SIKHIM; KHASIs;
NAcas; CreyLon; East Peau; SHAN STATES; BORNEO ;
JAVA; FLtores (Hampson); Kiusaiu; CorEA; CENTRAL
CHINA.
1826. Nacoleia tristrialis.
Botys tristrialis, Brem., Lep. Ost.—Sib., p. 68, pl. vi, fig. 7
(1864).
Fedylepta confusalis, Warr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xvi, “pe.
Nacoleia tristrialis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 313 (1896).
There was one example in Pryer’s collection. I ob-
tained specimens at Nagasaki in May, at Gensan in July,
and my native collector took the species at Ningpo in
July. Specimens were received from Ichang, Chang-yang,
Moupin, Pu-tsu-fong, Wa-shan, Chia-ting-fu, Omei-shan,
and Ta-chien-lu. The Chinese specimens are generally
suffused with fuscous and are referable to var. confusalis,
Warren.
Distribution. AMURLAND; KIUSHIU; CENTRAL, EAST-
ERN, and WESTERN CHINA.
=e
— oe e”)h Pee eel ee ee
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 459
1827. Nacoleia pallidinotalis.
Nacoleia pallidinotalis, Hampson.
Described from West China.
I obtained a specimen in Satsuma in May, one at
Gensan in July, and a third at Hakodate in August. One
example was received from Ichang.
Distribution. KiusHiu; YESso; CoREA; CENTRAL and
WESTERN CHINA.
1828. Nacolera vulgalis.
Asopia vulgalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 202, pl. vi,
fig. 8 (1854).
Nacoleia vulgalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 315 (1896).
Two specimens from Chang-yang and one from Ichang.
July and August,
Mstribution. NEOTROPICAL, ETHIOPIAN, and ORIENTAL
REGIONS (Hampson) ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1829. Nacolera diemenalis.
Asopia diemenalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 208 (1854).
Botys ustalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., 1863, pp. 375, 471,
pl. x, fig. 14.
Nacoleia diemenalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 316 (1896).
One specimen from Omei-shan, taken in June or July.
Distribution. SoutH AFRIcA.—ForMosa; CEYLON ;
BurMA; ANDAMANS; SUMATRA; JAVA; CELEBES; FIJI
(Hampson); WESTERN CHINA.
1830. Nacoleia fusalis.
Thysanodesma fusalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xvii, p. 142 (1896).
Nacoleia fusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv.,
p. 318 (1896).
Three specimens from Chang-yang and one from Ichang.
June and July.
Distribution. ASSAM; CENTRAL CHINA.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART Iv. (DEC.) 31
460 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1831. Nacoleia tampiusalis.
Botys tampiusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 704
(1859).
Botys ilusalis, Walk., 1. ¢., p. 705.
Aplomastyx mimula, Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., Vill,
p. 138, pl. ely, fig. 23 (1891).
Nacolevwa tamypiusalis, Hampson, a Brit. Ind., Moths,
lv, p. 818 (1896).
I obtained two specimens at Fushiki in July.
Distribution. NoRTH-WEST HIMALAYAS; SIKHIM ; NIL-
GIRIS ; BorNEO (Hampson); JAPAN.
1832. Nacoleia immundalis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 4.)
Primaries fuscous-brown ; antemedial line black, slightly curved ;
postmedial line black, oblique, bent inwards below the middle ;
an oval ring in the cell and one at the end of the cell, the latter
upright and the former oblique, an ochreous spot between the rings.
Secondaries fuscous-brown, suffused with fuscous, and tinged with
. blackish on the outer area ; a blackish discoidal dot and line below
it to the inner margin ; there are traces of a dusky postmedial line,
space between the lines ochreous suffused with fuscous. Fringes
ochreous, suffused with blackish about the middle, preceded by a
black line. Under surface ochreous suffused with fuscous on the
outer marginal areas, markings as above but less distinct.
Expanse 18 millim.
Six specimens from Chang-yang and one from Ichang.
June and July.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
R. S.
1833. Nacoleia ochrimaculalis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 28.)
Primaries fuliginous-brown with the following pale ochreous
markings—a spot on basal area placed below the median nervure,
its outer edge extended to inner margin; a spot in the cell between
two blackish ones, a large spot beyond the cell, and a rounder one
below it ; there are traces of an ochreous dot between large spot and
end of cell. Secondaries pale ochreous on basal two-thirds and
fuliginous-brown onouter third ; a black discoidal dot and a fuliginous-
brown central transverse line ; the latter is sharply angled before ~
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 461
the middle, and diffuse towards the inner margin. Under surface
similar to above.
Expanse 24 millim.
One female specimen from Ichang, taken in July.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
By,
1834. Nacoleia martonalis.
Desmia (?) marionalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 930
(1859).
Danaga biformis, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., vii, p. 94, pl.
exxxv, figs. 2, 3 (1889).
Nacoleia marionalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 321 (1896).
Two specimens from Chang-yang, taken in June, and
one from Ichang, taken in July.
Distribution. DHARMSALA; SIKHIM; BuRMA; BoRNEO
(Hampson); CENTRAL CHINA.
1835. Nacoleva satswmalis, sp. n.
Primaries ochreous suffused with blackish; antemedial line black-
ish, diffuse ; medial line black, diffuse from below the cell to the inner
margin ; postmedial line black, outwardly edged with ochreous, com-
mencing on the costa one-fifth from apex, and terminating at inner
angle; slightly bent inwards about the middle; a black diffuse
annulus in the cell and a black lunule at end of cell; a square
ochreous spot between the annulus and medial line; some black
marks on the costa, that nearest the postmedial ring-shaped ; sub-
marginal line black with some dots of the same colour upon it.
Secondaries ochreous, suffused with blackish ; postmedial line black,
straight from costa to vein 6, outwardly oblique to vein 2 along
which it turns inwards to just under the black discoidal dot, thence
almost direct to abdominal margin ; submarginal line blackish.
Fringes whitish-grey, blackish at their base. Under surface ochreous
with traces of markings as above.
Expanse 18 millim.
One example taken in Satsuma by Mr. Leech in May
1886; and one male specimen in Pryer’s collection. There is
a specimen under NV. cyanealis, Walk., in the national
collection at South Kensington.
Habitat. KiusHiu, SoutH JAPAN. :
R. 8.
462 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1836. Nacolera commizxta.
Samea commixta, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 453 (1879).
Nacoleia commixta, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 322 (1896).
One specimen from Hakodate, taken by myself in
August; there were some examples in Pryer’s collection,
and my native collector obtained the species in the island
of Kiushiu. Two specimens were received from Ichang.
This species seems to be a close ally of NV. sbirialis,
Mill. (Natural., 1879, p. 39), of which I have only seen
the figure (Ann. Soc. Nat. Cannes, 1880, pl. viii, fig. 4).
Distribution. DHARMSALA; NaGAs; NILGIRIs; CEYLON
(Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU ; YESSO; CENTRAL CHINA.
1837. Nacolera maculalis, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 7.)
Primaries fuliginous and marked with whitish ; the antemedial
line blackish, oblique ; the postmedial line black with a large sinus
below the middle. Secondaries whitish, the outer marginal area
clouded with fuliginous, a central curved blackish line.
Expanse 21 millim.
Six specimens from Chang-yang, one from Omei-shan,
and one from Moupin. June. Both sexes are represented.
Habitat. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
Closely allied to WV. commizxta, from which it chiefly
differs in the form of the transverse lines of the primaries
and the central line of the secondaries.
R. 8.
1838. Nacoleia subargentalis.
Botys subargentalis, Snellen, Trans. Ent. Soc. London,
1890, p. 579.
Nacoleia subargentalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 312 (1896).
Specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, Ni-ton, and Omei-shan.
June and July.
Distribution. SIKHIM; WESTERN CHINA.
Genus GONIORHYNCHUS.
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 322 (1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 463
1839. Gonorhynchus butyrosa.
Samea butyrosa, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 73, pl. lix,
fig. 1 (1879).
Type from Yokohama.
I obtained specimens at Nagasaki in May, and have
received others from Ichang and Chang-yang. There were
also specimens in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. JAPAN ; KivuSHIU; CENTRAL CHINA.
1840. Gontorhynchus exemplaris,
Goniorhynchus exemplaris, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1898, p. 705.
Described from Japan.
Genus BoryoDEs.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 321 (1854),
1841. Botyodes principalis.
Botyodes principalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 69, pl. 111, fig. 9
(1889).
Botyodes maculalis, Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
xlv, p. 198 (1894).
Taken by myself in Satsuma in May; my collectors
obtained specimens at Ichang in August, and at Omei-shan
and in the province of Kwei-chow in July.
Distribution. KrusHiu ; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA ;
KHASIS.
1842. Botyodes aurealis.
Botyodes aurealis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 69, pl. in, fig. 7
(1889).
One example of each sex taken by myself at Nagasaki
in May.
Habitat. KiusHiv.
1843. Botyodes caldusalis,
Botys caldusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 651 (1859).
Botyodes caldusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 327 (1896).
464 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Four specimens from Omei-shan taken in June or July.
Distribution. SIKHIM; AssAM; BurMA; JAVA (Hamp-
son); WESTERN CHINA.
Genus SYLEPTA.
Hiibn.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 328
(1896).
1844, Sylepta luctuosalis.
Hyalitis luctuosalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 290 (1854).
Hbulea zellerit, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 70, pl. vi, fig. 12
(1865).
Hymenmia erebina, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 57, pl.
XEKIx, fio; 1 (1878).
Sylepta luctuosalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 340 (1896).
I obtained this species at Nagasaki in May, at Fusan in
June, and at Gensan in July. I have also specimens from
Chang-yang, Ichang, and Ta-chien-lu.
Distribution. SIBERIA ; JAPAN; CHINA; NORTH-WESTERN
and EASTERN HIMALAYAS; ANDAMANS; BorNnEo (Hamp-
son); Krusaiu; CoREA; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1845. Sylepta tricolor.
Hymenia tricolor, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 75, pl.
lix, fig. 6 (1879).
Specimens were received from Chang-yang, Gensan, and
Ningpo.
Habitat. JAPAN; COREA; CENTRAL and EASTERN
CHINA.
1846. Sylepta segnalis.
Coptobasis segnalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 65, pl. iv, fig. 4
(1889).
I obtained this species at Nagasaki in June and at Gensan
in July; other specimens have been received from Yoko-
hama, Chang-yang, and Ichang.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHiu; CoREA; CENTRAL
CHINA.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 465
1847. Sylepta ningpoalis.
Botys ningpoalis, Leech, Entom., xxi, p. 68, pl. in, fig. 1
(1889).
The type, a male, was taken in the Snowy Valley, near
Ningpo, by a native collector in the month of July; one
specimen, taken in June, was received from Ichang.
Habitat. EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA.
1848. Sylepta paucistrialis.
Cyclarcha paucistrialis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xvii, p. 1389 (1896).
Sylepta paucistrialis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 337 (1896).
Three specimens, taken in June and July, at Ichang.
Distribution. BuutaAn; Kudsis (Hampson) ; CENTRAL
CHINA.
1849. Sylepta maculalis.
Botys maculalis, Leech, Entom., xxu, p. 67, pl. 1, fig. 11
(1889).
The type, a male, was taken in July at Tsuruga. Speci-
mens were received from Chang-yang, Ichang, and Chia-
ting-fu, taken in Juneand July.
Distribution. JAPAN; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1850. Sylepta aurantiacalis.
Pyralis aurantiacalis, F. R., p. 213, pl. ixxv, fig. 3.
Botys crocealis, Dup. Lép. Fr., viii, pt. 2, p. 365, pl. cexxxv,
fir. 6
g. 6.
Botys aurea, Butl., ll. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 76, pl. lix,
fig. 12 (1879).
Hapalia fraterna, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., ui, p. 338, pl. elxxxii,
fig. 9.
Sylepta aurantiacalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 337 (1896).
Sylepta si i Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868,
p. 718.
The type of “ Botys” aurea, Butl., was from Yokohama;
I have specimens from Ningpo, Nagasaki, Hakone, Ichang,
466 Mr. J. HL Leech on
Chang-yang, Moupin, Chia-ting-fu, and Gensan. Most of
the specimens from Western China are pale in colour, and
one from Gensan is much larger than any other example
in the series.
Mstribution. EKuRoPE.—Throughout INDIA, CEYLON,
and BurMA (Hampson); JAPAN; KiusHIu; EASTERN,
CENTRAL, and WESTERN CHINA; COREA.
1851. Sylepta pernitescens,
Charema pernitescens, Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xiv, p. 208 (1894).
Plewroptera fuscalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
xvill, p. 165 (1896).
Sylepta pernitescens, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 337 (1896).
Distribution. JAPAN; KHAsiIs (Hampson).
1852. Sylepta insignis.
Botyodes insignis, Brit., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p.
587.
Type from Tokio.
One specimen received from Ichang and one from Chia-
ting-fu. June and July.
Distribution. JAPAN ; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1853. Sylepta costalis.
Botyodes costalis, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 221 (1888).
Sylepta costalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 221 (1887).
Specimens were received from Moupin, Omei-shan, Pu-
tsu-fong, and Chia-ting-fu. Taken in June and July.
Distribution. StKHIM; KuHAsis (Hampson); WESTERN
CHINA.
1854. Sylepta sabinusalis.
Botys sabinusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 708
(1859).
Notarcha butyrina, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886,
p- 260.
Notarcha dubia, Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., viii, p. 136,
pl. clv, fig. 16 (1891).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 4.67
Sylepta sabinusalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 333 (1896).
There was a short series of rather pale examples in
Pryer’s collection.
Specimens were taken by myself in Satsuma in May
and June, at Tsuruga and Fushiki in July, and I have
received others from Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, Wa-shan, Omei-
shan, Ni-ton, Chang-yang, and Ichang. Occurs in China
in June, July, and August.
Distribution. NORTH-WEST and WESTERN HIMALAYAS ;
KuAsis; Kardcut; Bompay; NILGIRIS; CEYLON;
BorRNEO; JAVA; CELEBES; SumMBAWA; NEW BriIvAIN ;
Sotomon Istes; Frist (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU;
CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1855. Sylepta luteolalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 18.)
Whitish tinged with yellow. Primaries have a dusky lunule at
end of the cell, and there are indications of a dusky postmedial line
which appears to be excurved from costa to vein 2, thence direct to
inner margin. Secondaries have a dusky median shade and post-
medial line. Fringes greyish-white. Under surface whitish, slightly
tinged with fuscous, markings as above.
Expanse 34 millim.
One example from Chia-kou-ho and one from Wa-shan.
June and July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Somewhat similar to S. sabinusalis, Walk., but the post-
medial line is not so highly bent inwards.
R. 8.
1856. Sylepta mvalidalis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 26.)
Primaries pale ochreous brown, suffused with darker brown, except
on the costa; a spot in the cell and one at the end of cell blackish;
the space between spots pale ochreous brown ; ante- and postmedia]
lines blackish, the first oblique, the second outwardly edged witk
the clear ground colour, slightly oblique and bluntly serrate to vein
2 where it turns inwards to below end of the cell, thence sinuous
to the inner margin. Secondaries rather more suffused with darker
brown than the primaries ; discal spot and postmedial line blackish ;
the latter rather sinuous and turned inwards for a short distance
along vein 2. Fringes of all wings paler than the ground colour,
468 . Mr. J. H. Leech on
preceded by a double blackish line; the fringes of primaries are
tinged with fuscous towards the apex. Under surface whitish suffused
with fuscous, the spots and transverse lines of upper surface faintly
reproduced.
Expanse 24 millim.
One female specimen taken in May at Ichang, an.
example of the same sex from Chang-yang taken in June,
and a third from Moupin obtained in August.
Habitat. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1857. Sylepta fuscomarginalis
Botys fuscomarginalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 68, pl. ii,
fig. 4 (1889).
The type is from Hakone, where I obtained it in the
month of August. I have also one specimen of the species
from Moupin, taken in August.
Distribution. JAPAN; WESTERN CHINA.
1858. Sylepta ultimalis.
Botys ultimalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 659 (1859).
Sylepta ultimalis, Hampson, Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., 1x,
pl. clxxii, fig. 8 (1898); Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 333 (1896).
One specimen in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. CEYLON; RANGOON (Hampson); JAPAN.
1859. Sylepta multilinealis.
Botys multilinealis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 337, pl. viii,
fig. 11 (1854).
Zebronia salomealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 476
(1859).
Botys basipunctalis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 68, pl. vi,
fig. 8 (1864).
Sylepta multilinealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 334 (1896).
Sylepta derogata, Hampson (part), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1898, p. 722. |
I obtained this species in Satsuma in May, and at
Fushiki and Gensan in July. Specimens were received
from Chang-yang, Ichang, Moupin, Omei-shan, and the
province of Kwei-chow.
a a _ ——
Oe aati ns ee te i ht
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 469
Mstribution. West ArFricaA.— Throughout INpIA,
CEYLON, and Burma; the MALAYAN SUB-REGIONS and
AUSTRALIAN REGION (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU;
CoREA; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1860. Sylepta rhyparialis.
Botys rhyparialis, Oberth., Etud. d’Entom., xviii, p. 45,
pl. u, fig. 26 (1898).
Described from Ta-chien-lu.
A fine series was received from Omei-shan taken in
June and July. One example from Omei-shan and one
from Ichang have the yellow colour replaced by white,
except towards the base of primaries; this form might
be known as var. alba.
Habitat. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1861. Sylepta vopasalis.
Botys wopasalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 652 (1859),
Sylepta vopasalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 334 (1896).
Four specimens from Moupin, June; one from Ichang,
July.
Basal and central areas clouded with purplish-brown.
Distribution. FoRMosaA; SrtkKHIM; ASSAM; KARACHI;
Ninairis; CEYLON; BurMA; ANDAMANS; BORNEO;
AMBOINA; SUMBAWA; TiMor LAUT; AUSTRALIA (Hamp-
son); CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1862. Sylepta magna.
Samea magna, Butl., Ll. Typ. Lep. Het., 1, p. 74, pl. lix,
fig. 2 (1879).
Type from Hakodate.
I obtained specimens at Gensan and Fushiki in July.
My native collector took an example at Hakodate in June
or July, and I have received others from Chang-yang
which were captured in August.
Distribution. JAPAN ; YESSO; COREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
1863. Sylepta deficrens,
Coptobasis deficiens, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., iii, p. 556, pl. ecxv,
fig. 12 (1887).
470 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Sylepta deficiens, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 337 (1896).
I obtained specimens at Ningpo in April, in Satsuma in
May, and have received others from Moupin and Omei-shan
that were taken in June.
Distribution. DHARMSALA; SIKHIM; CEYLON (Hamp-
son); KiusHIU; EASTERN and WESTERN CHINA.
1864. Sylepta inferior.
Botys quadrimaculalis, Motsch., Etud. Ent., p. 37 (1860),
preoce.
Sylepta inferror, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1898,
p. 724. |
There were specimens in Pryer’s collection; I obtained
examples in Satsuma in May, at Nagasaki in June, and at
Gensan in July, and I received others from Ichang and
Chang-yang.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHiu; CoREA; CENTRAL
CHINA.
1865. Sylepta quadrimaculalis.
Scopula guadrimaculalis, Koll., Hug. Kasch., iv, p. 492.
Coptobasis quadrimaculalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii,
p. 430, pl. xvi, fig. 12 (1863).
Sylepta quadrimaculalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
p- 336 (1896).
Specimens were received from Chang-yang, Ichang,
Chia-ting-fu, Wa-shan, and Ta-chien-lu. Occurs in June,
July, and August.
Distribution. JAPAN ; NoRTH-WEST HIMALAYAS; SIK-
HIM; Kuydsis; Borneo (Hampson); CENTRAL and
WESTERN CHINA.
Genus LYGROPIA. }
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 341
(1896).
1866. Lygropia quaternalis.
Botys quaternalis, Zell., K. Vet.-Ak. Handl., 1852, p. 44.
Lygropia quaternalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 342 (1896).
Seven specimens from Moupin, taken in June, and one
from Chang-yang, taken in May.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 471
Distribution. WEsT and SoutH ArFrica.—Throughout
INDIA, CEYLON, and BuRMA; AUSTRALIA (Hampson);
CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1867. Lygropia euryclealis.
Botys euryclealis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 651
(1859).
Lygropia euryclealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 343 (1896).
One specimen from Ichang, taken in June.
Distribution. SIKHIM; NILGIRIs; CEYLON (Hampson) ;
KIUSHIU.
1868. Lygropia poltisalrs.
Botys poltisalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 714 (1859).
Hapalia oblita, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 222 (1888).
Lygropia poltisalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 344 (1896).
I captured two specimens at Gensan in July; these are
referable to oblata, Moore.
Distribution. MURREE; DALHOUSIE; DHARMSALA; SIK-
HIM; KHASIS; BORNEO (Hampson); COREA.
Genus GLYPHODES.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 345
(1896).
1869. Glyphodes indica.
Eudioptes indica, Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1851,
p. 168, pl. xii, figs. 5, 6, 7.
Phakellura indica, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 514
(1859).
Glyphodes indica, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 360 (1896).
I obtained this species at Nagahama and Gensan in
July, and I have received specimens from the island of
Kiushiu and from Ichang.
Mstribution. Throughout the ETHIoPIAN, ORIENTAL,
and AUSTRALIAN REGIons (Hampson).
472 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1870. Glyphodes perspectalis.
Phakellura perspectalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 515
1859).
as aie advenalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 401,
pl. xi, fig. 17 (1868).
Glyphodes perspectalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
Iv, p. 353 (1896).
Walker’s type was from North China. The species
was obtained by a native at Hakodate in June, and I took
it at Gensan in July. My collectors in China captured
specimens at Ichang in June and August, and they also
bred a series in May from larva found at Chung-king.
Distribution. JAPAN; DHARMSALA (Hampson); YESSO;
CoREA; CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1871. Glyphodes albifuscalis,
Glyphodes albifuscalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1808, 6. 139) plo ae. 12,
Described from Ichang. My collectors obtained speci-
mens at Chang-yang in May,and at Moupinin June. One
example was also bred in May with G. perspectalis, from
larva found at Chung-king.
I am of opinion that albz/uscalis is not specifically distinct
from perspectalis, the only difference that I can see is the
absence of fuscous on the inner margin of the primaries of
albsfuscalis,
Habitat, CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1872. Glyphodes nigropunctalis.
Margarodes nigropunctalis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 67,
pl. vi, fig. 5 (1864).
Margaroma neomera, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., u, p. 57
pl. xxxix, he. > (1878).
Glyphodes migropwnctalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 352 (1896).
The type of neomera, Butl., was from Yokohama. I took
specimens in Satsuma in May, and at Hakodate in August,
and one example at Fujisan in June; others were obtained
by a native collector in the island of Kiushiu.
Distribution. AMURLAND; throughout InpIa and CEYLON
(Hampson); YESSO; JAPAN ; KIUSHIU.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 473
1873. Glyphodes celsalis.
Botys celsalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 654 (1859).
Botys partialis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vu, pp. 371, 465,
pl. ix, fig. 8 (1863).
Margaronia inusitata, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,
(5) iv, p. 454 (1879).
Glyphodes celsalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 352 (1896).
Glyphodes annulata, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1898, p. 740.
There were specimens in Pryer’s collection. I obtained
examples at Nagasaki and in Satsuma, and have received
others from Ichang and Chang-yang. Occurs in May and
June.
Distribution. Throughout INDIA, CEYLON, and BurMA;
BoRNEO (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1874, Glyphodes pomonalis.
Margarodes pomonalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 309
(1854).
Pachyarches pomonalis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 398
(1863); Moore, Lep. Ceyl., p. 327, pl. clxxxii, fig. 7
(1886).
Glyphodes pomonalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 350 (1896).
Guenée’s type was from China.
Distribution. CHINA; SIKHIM; BOMBAY PRESIDENCY ;
CEYLON ; SumBAwA (Hampson).
1875. Glyphodes quadrimaculalis.
Botys quadrimaculalis, Brem., Beitr. Faun. Chin., p. 22;
Lep. Ost.-Sib., pl. vi, fig. 10 (1864).
Glyphodes consocialis, Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 402,
pl. xiv, fig. 2 (1863).
Specimens were obtained at Gensan in July, at Hakodate
in August; others, taken in July, were received from Ta-
chien-lu and Pu-tsu-fong. The Chinese specimens were
found at elevations ranging from 7500 to 10,000 feet.
Distribution. AMURLAND; YESSO; COREA; WESTERN
CHINA.
47 4, Mr. J. H. Leech on
1876. Glyphodes pryeri.
Glyphodes pryert, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 453 (1879).
I took some specimens at Fushiki in July and at Hako-
date in August ; there were examples in Pryer’s collection,
and my native collector met with the species in the island
of Kiushiu.
Habitat. JAPAN; KiusHIu ; YESSO.
1877. Glyphodes pyloalis.
Glyphodes pyloalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 973
(1859); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 357
(1896).
Glyphodes sylpharis, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 57,
pl. xxxix, fig. 2 (1878).
The type of sy/pharis was from Yokohama.
I obtained specimens at Ningpo in April and at Nagasaki
in June. There was one example in Pryer’s collection, and
I have received others from Chang-yang, Moupin, and
Chow-pin-sa.
Distribution. Throughout INDIA, CEYLON, and BURMA
(Hampson); JAPAN ; KiusH1u; WESTERN, CENTRAL, and
EASTERN CHINA.
1878. Glyphodes bipunctalis.
Glyphodes bipunctalis, Leech., Entom., xxii, p. 70, pl. iii,
fig. 2 (1889).
Specimens were obtained by myself at Nagasaki, in the
province of Satsuma in May. My native collector also
met with the species in the island of Kiushiu, and there
were some examples in Pryer’s collection.
Habitat. JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
1879. Glyphodes crithealis.
Desmia ecrithealts, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 344
(1859).
Glyphodes chilka, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 216, pl. vii, fig. 9
(1888).
Glyphodes crithealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 358 (1896).
Feterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 475
Walker's type was from North China.
One example taken by myself at Ningpo in April and
one received from Kiukiang.
Distribution. NORTH-WESTERN and EASTERN HIMALAYAS
(Hampson); EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus EUCLASTA.
Led. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 363
(1896).
1880. Huclasta splendidalis.
Huclasta splendidalis, H.-8., Eur. Schmett., iv, p. 32,
fig. 109.
Specimens were received from Ichang, Moupin, Wa-shan,
and Ta-chien-lu. Occurs from May to August.
Distribution. EASTERN EUROPE; SYRIA; CENTRAL and
WESTERN CHINA.
Genus POLYTHLIPTA.
Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 889 (1863).
1881. Polythlipta liquidalis.
Polythlipta liquidalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 70, pl. in,
fig. 8 (1889).
The type, a male, was taken at Gensan in July. A nice
series was obtained at Omei-shan, two specimens at Moupin,
and one example at Chang-yang.
Mstribution. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA; COREA,
1882. Polythlipta maculalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 3.
Primaries brownish-grey with transparent maculations. Two spots
in the cell and one at its outer extremity, a spot below the first in cell
and nearer the base of the wing, a larger spot below the second in cell
and one below the spot at end of the cell, a dot in the fork of veins 2,
3, and also of veins 4, 5; a spot at apical fourth of costa and one
below it between veins 3and 5. Secondaries transparent white on the
basal half, enclosing a black discal mark, and brownish-grey on the
outer half, enclosing two irregular-shaped transparent white spots.
Fringes slaty grey, whitish at anal angle of the secondaries. Under
surface similar to the upper surface, but the lower spot on outer half
of secondaries is continued to the abdominal margin where it expands.
Expanse 32 millim.,
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 32
476 Mr. J. H. Leech on
One male specimen from Ichang, taken in June.
Habitat, CENTRAL CHINA.
R.S.
Genus LEPYRODES.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 367
(1896).
1883. Lepyrodes geometralis.
Lepyrodes geometralis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral. p. 278,
pl. viii, fig. 6 (1854); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 368 (1896).
Distribution. Wrst AFRICA.—CHINA; FORMOSA;
throughout Inp1a, CEYLON, and BurMA; JAVA;
AUSTRALIA (Hampson).
Genus LEUCINODES.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 221 (1854).
1884. Leucinodes orbonalis.
Leucinodes orbonalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral, p. 228
(1854); Moore, Lep. Ceyl., 289, ii, pl. clxxix, fig. 9
(1885); Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 370
(1896).
Eight specimens received from Ichang. Taken in June
and August.
Distribution. SoutH ArFRicA—Throughout INDIA,
CEYLON, and BurMA; ANDAMANS; JAVA; DUKE OF
York Istanp (Hampson); CENTRAL CHINA.
Genus HELLULA.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 415 (1854).
1885. Hellula undalis.
Phalena undalis, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 11, p. 226 (1794).
Nymphula undalis, Dup., Lep. Fr., viii, p. 160, pl. ecxxi,
fig. 1.
Hellula wndalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 373 (1896).
Two specimens in Pryer’s collection.
Dstribution. MEDITERRANEAN SUB-REGIONS, and
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 477
throughout the tropical and sub-tropical zones, except
the NEOTROPICAL and AUSTRALIAN REGIONS (Hampson) ;
JAPAN.
Genus SAMEODES.
Snell.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 374
(1896).
1886. Sameodes bistigmalis.
Lepyrodes bistigmalis, Pryer, Cist. Ent., ii, p. 234, pl. iv,
fig. 10 (1877).
Type from the Feng-whan-shan (hills), near Shanghai.
My native collector obtained specimens at Ningpo in
June and July, and one example was received from
Kiukiang.
Habitat. CENTRAL and EASTERN CHINA.
Genus THLIPTOCERAS.
Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p.-274.
1887. Thliptoceras cascale.
Hapalia cascalis, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890,
pei, pl. viii, fic, 18.
Thiiptoceras variabilis, Swinhoe, |. c., p. 274.
Circobotys (?) phycidalis, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1890, p. 599.
Thliptoceras cascale, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 377 (1896).
istribution. JAPAN; DHARMSALA; SIKHIM; Bompay ;
NILGIRIS; CEYLON; RANGOON (Hampson).
Genus ARCHERNIS.
Meyr.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 378
(1899).
1888. Archernis humilis.
Protonoceras humilis, Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xiv, p. 146 (1894).
Archernis humilis, Wampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 380 (1896).
I met with one example of this species at Foochow in
April.
Distribution. KuAsis ; NAGAS (Hampson); Foocuow.
478 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Genus OMPHISA.
Moore, Lep. CeyL., iii, p. 317 (1886).
1889. Omphisa anastomosalis.
Pionea (?) anastomosalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 373
(1854).
Botys illisalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 653 (1859) ;
Led., Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, p. 371, pl. ix, fig. 12
(1863).
Omphisa illisalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl., 11, p. 318, pl. clxxxiu,
fig. 4 (1886).
Omphisa anastomosalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 882 (1896).
Distribution. CHINA; SIkHIM; KHAsis; NILGIRIS;
CEYLON; BuRMA; ANDAMANS; JAVA; DUKE OF YORK
IsLAND (Hampson).
Genus EVERGESTIS.
Hiibn.; Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1899, p. 185.
1890. Lvergestis junctalis.
Mesographe junctalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) ix, p. 434 (1892).
The type was from Japan.
One example was received from each of the following
localities—Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, and Wa-shan. Occurs
in June.
In two of the specimens the central spot of primaries
extends to the inner margin.
Distribution. JAPAN; WESTERN CHINA.
1891. Hvergestis extimalis.
Pyralis extimalis, Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 614 (1768).
Pyralis margaritalis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 123.
Pyralis erucalis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 55.
Evergestis consimilis, Warren., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) ix, p. 433 (1892).
Evergestis extimalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. ary Lond.,
1899; %pF 36.
Specimens were obtained by myself at Fusan in June,
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea, 479
and at Gensan in July. My collectors met with the
species in most of the Western Chinese localities that
they visited.
Distribution. EURoPE.—CorREA; WESTERN CHINA.
Genus ISCHNURGES.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 383
(1896).
1892. Ischnurges gratiosalis.
Samea gratiosalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 357
(1859).
Asopia (?) roridalis, Walk., 1. c., 371.
Ischnurges gratiosalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 383 (1896).
Distribution. North CHINA; SIKHIM; NILGIRIS;
TRAVANCORE; CEYLON; PuLo Laut; Borneo (Hamp-
son).
Genus CROCIDOPHORA.
Led.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 387
(1896).
1893. Crocidophora evenoralts.
Pionea evenoralis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 1012 -
(1859).
Scopula evenoralis, Walk., 1. c., p. 1015.
Botys mandarinalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 68, pl. iii,
fig. 14 (1889),
Crocidophora evenoralis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
Iv, p. 291 (1896).
Walker’s types were from North China.
This species was obtained by myself at Nagahama and
Tsuruga, and by native collectors at Ningpo in July. I
have also received specimens from Ichang and Moupin.
Distribution. East Peau (Hampson) ; JAPAN ; EASTERN,
CENTRAL, and WESTERN CHINA.
1894. Crocidophora heterogenalis.
Omiodes heterogenalis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 70, pl. vi,
fig. 11 (1864).
480 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Six specimens in Pryer’s collection, one from Gensan
(July), and one from Chang-yang (June).
Distribution. AMURLAND; CENTRAL CHINA; COREA;
JAPAN.
1895. Crocidophora nycterina.
Corcobotys nycterina, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 77,
pl. lix, fig. 14 (1879).
Type from Yokohama.
One specimen from Moupin taken in June.
Distribution. JAPAN; WESTERN CHINA.
1896. Crocidophora aurimargo.
Circobotys aurimargo, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., |
(6) xviii, p. 109 (1896). |
The type was from the Khasia Hills. My native
collector took one specimen at Ningpo in July.
Distribution. ASSAM; EASTERN CHINA.
1897. Crocidophora butleri, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 12.)
Primaries purplish-grey, the costa narrowly edged and outer
margin broadly bordered with golden-yellow ; there is a yellow,
somewhat triangular spot just beyond the middle of costa, and a
yellow dash on costa beyond, two dusky marks in the cell, and a
dusky, twice-angled, postmedial line ; the latter limits the outer edge
of the costal spot. Secondaries purplish-grey, outer margin narrowly
golden-yellow. Fringes of all the wings yellow, preceded by a reddish
line. Under surface pale stramineous, suffused with fuscous on
primaries and of outer marginal area of secondaries ; primaries have
the spot of upper surface, but it is pale in colour and rather quadrate
in form.
Expanse 28 millim.
A female specimen taken by a native collector at Ningpo
in July.
Habitat. HASTERN CHINA.
Allied to C. aurimargo, Butl.
1898. Crocidophora pallida.
Chobera pallida, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 219 (1888).
Crocidophora pallida, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 388 (1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 481
One specimen from Ichang, taken in June.
Mstribution. Ku Asis; CaLcutra (Hampson) ; CENTRAL
CHINA.
1899. Crocidophora gladialis,
Botys gladialis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 67, pl. iii, figs., 5%,
15 2 (1889).
T obtained one example of each sex at Foochow in April;
one specimen was taken at Chang-yang in June.
Nstribution. SOUTH-EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA.
1900. Crocidophora limbolalts.
Asopia lumbolalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p.
615.
Crocidophora lumbolalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 390 (1896).
I took two specimens at Foochow in April.
Distribution. BauTAN ; MomeEit; BurMA ; TENASSERIM ;
ANDAMANS (Hampson); FoocHow.
1901. Crocidophora obscuralis, sp. n.
Primaries dingy brown with a blackish dot in the cell and lunule
at end of the cell ; postmedial line blackish, crenulate and slightly
curved from the costa to vein 1. Secondaries fuscous with traces of
a postmedial line. Under surface fuscous, glossy, markings of upper
surface faintly indicated.
Expanse 24 millim.
One male specimen from Moupin taken in June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1902. Crocidophora (2) gensanalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 9.)
Primaries ochreous slightly suffused with fuscous on outer area ;
antemedial line blackish, almost straight ; postmedial line blackish,
finely dentate, turned inwards from vein 3 to vein 2, thence slightly
oblique to inner margin ; a blackish dot in the cell and a blackish
line at end of the cell. Secondaries ochreous, suffused with fuscous ;
postmedial line blackish, outwardly edged with ochreous, indented,
not well defined towards costa and inner margin. Fringes pale
ochreous tinged with fuscous at their base and preceded by a blackish
482 ‘Mr. J. H. Leech on
line. Under surface fuscous with a purplish tinge, postmedial lines
as above.
Expanse 28 millim.
Six specimens taken at Gensan by Mr. Leech in June,
1887.
R. 8.
Genus MARUGCA.
Walk.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 393
(1896).
1903. Maruca testulalis.
Crociphora testulalis (Hiibn.), Geyer, Ziitr. Samml. exot.
Schmett., iv, p. 12, figs. 629, 630 (1832).
Stenia testulalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., pp. 230, 247
(1854). .
Hydrocampa aquatilis, Boisd., Guér.-Mén., Icon. Regne
Anim., pl. xc, fig. 9 (1844).
Maruca testulalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p.
393 (1896).
Specimens were taken by myself in Satsuma in May, at
Shimonoseki, Nagahama, and Gensan in July, at Hakodate
and Hakone in August, and at Oiwake in October. Ex-
amples were received from Ichang (June) and ‘yas
(August).
Distribution. NEOTROPICAL and ETHIOPIAN RecIons ;
throughout the ORIENTAL and AUSTRALIAN REGIONS
(Hampson); JAPAN; KrtusHiu; YESSO; CoREA; CENTRAL
and WESTERN CHINA.
Genus PARBATTIA.
Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 225 (1887).
1904. Parbattia latifascialis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 17.)
Primaries brown with a darker broad fascia, the latter limited by
whitish-edged black lines, lines and edges both diffuse, two blackish
cell-spots separated by a whitish one; fringes greyish-brown pre-
ceded by black dots placed on a pale brown diffuse line. Secondaries
whitish, fringes tinged with ochreous at their base and preceded by
a diffuse and interrupted black line. Under surface whitish tinged
with fuscous, especially on costal and outer marginal areas ; primaries
have two blackish cellular marks and a blackish postmedial line
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 483
which is continued on the secondaries ; fringes of all the wings
preceded by black dots.
Expanse 38 millim.
Three specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, and one from Omei-
shan, June and July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R.S.
Genus NOMOPHILA.
Hiibner, Verz. Schmett., p. 368 (? 1818).
1905. Nomophila noctuella.
Tinea noctuella, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 1386 (1776).
Pyralis hybridalis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 114 (1797).
Nephopteryx indistinctalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvii, p.
59 (1868).
Nomophila noctuella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 401 (1896).
I obtained this species at Foochow in April, at Nagasaki
in June, andat Hakodate in August; my native collector
took specimens at Gensan and Ningpoin June, and I have
received an example from Ichang taken in August.
Mstribution. UNIVERSAL.
Genus PACHYZANCLA.
Meyr.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 401
(1896).
1906. Pachyzancla licarsisalis,
Botys licarsisalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvi, p. 686
(1859).
Pachyzanela licarsisalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
Iv, p. 402 (1896).
Botys serotinalis, Joannis, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (6) viii, p.
272, pl. vi, fig. 2.
Three specimens from Chang-yang and three from
Ichang. June and August.
Distribution. JAPAN; CHINA; INDIA; CEYLON;
Maacca ; BORNEO; JAVA; AUSTRALIA; FIJI; MARSHALL
IsLANDS (Hampson); CENTRAL CHINA.
484, Mr. J. H. Leech on
1907. Pachyzancla xgrotalis.
Botys xgrotalis, Zell., Lep. Micr. Caffr., p. 39 (1852) ; Snell.,
Tijd. Ent., xv, p. 90, pl. vii, fig. 8 (1872),
Acharana rudis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) ix,
p. 435 (1892).
Acharana fuscescens, Warren, |. c., p. 437.
Pachyzancla xgrotalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 405 (1896).
There were some specimens in Pryer’s collection. I
obtained examples in Satsuma in May, and at Sendai in
September; al] these are referable to rudis and fuscescens,
Warren.
Instribution. WESTERN and SOUTHERN AFRIcA ; NIL-
GIRIS; CEYLON; JAVA (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
1908. Pachyzancla marginalis.
Pachyzancla marginalis, Warren, Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) xviii, p. 115 (1896).
Occurs at Chang-yang, Chow-pin-sa, Chia-ting-fu, Omei-
shan, and Moupin in June and July; a specimen was
obtained in Satsuma in May.
Distribution. KuAsis; SrkHtm (Hampson); CENTRAL
and WESTERN CHINA; KIUSHIU.
1909. Pachyzancla indistincta.
Acharana indistincta, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
ix, p. 436 (1892).
Hathitat. JAPAN.
1910. Pachyzancla stultalis.
Botys stultalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 669 (1859).
Pachyzancla stultalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p- 405 (1896).
Distribution. CHINA; throughout InpDIA, CEYLON, and
BurMA ; ANDAMANS; SUMATRA; JAVA; BORNEO; CELEBES ;
AUSTRALIA (Hampson).
Genus PHLYCTANODES.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 407
(1896).
_Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 485
1911. Phlyctxnodes palealis.
Pyralis palealis, Scliff., Wien. Verz., p. 123.
Botys anaxisalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xvii, p. 658 (1859).
Phlyctznodes palealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 409 (1896).
The type of anaxisalis, Walk., was from Shanghai.
I took specimens at Gensan and have received others
from Chang-yang and Ichang. June, July, and August.
Five of the seven specimens from Central China have
blackish venation, and I have similar examples from Syria ;
the other two are typical.
_ Distribution. EuropE.—Syria; NortH-WeEst HIMaA-
LAYAS (Hampson); JAPAN; COREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
1912. Phlyctzenodes verticalis.
Pyralis verticalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, 533.
Botys cinctalis, Treit., Schmett., Eur., vii, p. 97.
Phlyctzenodes verticalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 409 (1896).
I obtained specimens in June, at Gensan, and received
others from Hakodate, Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, and Chang-
yang.
Distribution. FEuROPE.—AFGHANISTAN ; NORTH-WEST
Himanayas; KuAsis (Hampson); JAPAN ; YESSO; COREA;
CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1913. Phlyctxnodes inornatalis.
Botys inornatalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 68, pl. 1, fig. 13
(1889).
I took a male specimen in Satsuma in May, and a
female at Sakata in August.
Habitat. JAPAN and KIvuSHIU.
1914. Phlyctxnodes sticticalis.
Pyralis sticticalis, Linn., Faun. Suec., 1354.
One example taken at Gensan in July.
486 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Istribution. UNITED STATES, AMERICA.—EUROPE.—
BELOOCHISTAN (Hampson); COREA; AMURLAND.
1915. Phlyctxnodes confusalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 2.)
Primaries yellowish with brownish transverse lines ; antemedial
slightly oblique from costa to vein 1, thence incurved to inner
margin ; postmedial wavy, commencing on the costa, in the position
of a submarginal line, at vein 3 it turns inwards to lower angle of the
cell, thence descends direct to inner margin, where it terminates at
one-third from the inner angle ; a brownish dot in the cell and a
lunule at end of the cell. Secondaries have a brownish spot at the
lower angle of the cell, and the postmedial line is wavy, except
towards the costa, and deeply indented below veins 1 and 2. Under
surface pale ochreous brown; all the wings have a blackish post-
medial line, becoming indistinct towards the inner margins, and the
primaries have a black lunule at end of the cell.
Expanse 35 millim.
One specimen from Chia-ting-fu, one from Chia-kou-ho,
and a third from Ta-chien-lu. July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
EB. 8.
1916. Phlyctenodes turbidalis.
Botys turbidalis, Treit., vii, p. 119.
I took a specimen at Gensan in July that seems referable
to this species.
Distribution. KUROPE.—ASIA MINoR; COREA.
Lod. Phlyctsonodes umbrosalis.
Aplographe umbrosalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (6) ix, p. 301 (1892).
Described from North China.
One example obtained by a native collector at Gensan
in July, others taken by myself at Foochow and Ningpo in
April and in Satsuma in May. Specimens were received
from Chang-yang and Ichang, taken in June.
Distribution. CENTRAL and EASTERN CHINA; COREA;
KIUSHIU.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 487
Genus DIASEMIA.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 410
(1896).
1918. Diasemia litterata.
Phalena litterata, Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 229.
Pyralis litteralis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 86.
Diasemia litteralis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 233.
Diasemia litterata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 410 (1896).
I obtained this species at Ningpo in April, at Naga-
saki in May, and at Nagahama and Gensan in July.
Specimens were received from Chang-yang.
Distribution. KUROPE.—SIKHIM; CEYLON (Hampson) ;
JAPAN; KIUSHIU; COREA; CENTRAL CHINA.
1919. Diasemra accalrs.
Scopula (2) accalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het.,~ xix, p. 1015
(1859).
Diasemia accalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p.
411 (1896).
Described from Shanghai.
I took some specimens at Ningpo and Foochow in April,
at Nagahama and in Satsuma in May, and have received
others from Nikko and Ichang. There were some
examples in Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. DHARMSALA ; BuRMA (Hampson) ; EASTERN
and CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
Genus ANTIGASTRA.
Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon., 1863, p. 419.
1920. Antigastra catalaunalis.
Botys catalawnalis, Dup., Lep. Fr., viii, p. 330, pl. ccxxxii,
fig. 8 (1831).
Antigastra catalawnalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Moths, iv, p. 412 (1896).
There was a specimen in Pryer’s collection, and I re-
ceived one example from Ichang ; the latter was taken in
August.
488 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Distribution. HUROPE.—SYRIA ; ADEN.—EAST and WEST
AFRicAa.—Throughout INDIA, CEYLON, and Burma (Hamp-
son); CENTRAL CHINA; JAPAN.
Genus HEMISCOPIS.
Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) vi, p. 475 (1890).
19Z1- Hemiscopis cinerea.
Hemiscopis cinerea, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
ix, p. 396 (1892).
I obtained two specimens in Satsuma in May, three at
Tsuruga in July. A native collector obtained one example
at Nikko.
Habitat. JAPAN and KIUSHIU.
Genus MEcYNA.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 406 (1854).
1922. Mecyna prunipenms.
Mecyna prunipennis, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) iv,
p. 454 (1879).
Habitat. JAPAN.
Genus CALAMOCHROUS.
Led.; Hampson. Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 419
(1896).
1923. Calamochrous acutellus.
Crambus acutellus, Ev., Bull. Mosc., 1842, p. 563.
Crambus tincticostellus, Walk., Lep. Het., xxvii, p. 167
(1868). |
Crambus sinensellus, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxvu, p. 167
(1863).
Trncticostellus and. sinensellus, Walk., were both described
from Shanghai.
I obtained two specimens at Gensan in June, four at
Sakata in August, and others at Fushiki and in Kiushiu.
One specimen was received from Kiukiang.
~~. = oe oe | oe
/
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 489
Distribution. SoutaH-East EUROPE.—J APAN ; KIUSHIU ;
EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA; COREA.
Genus METASIA.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 251 (1854).
1924. Metasia hodiusalis.
Botys hodiusalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. xviu, p. 706
(1859).
Metasia hodiusalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1899,
p. 237.
Distribution. AMURLAND; CHINA; BORNEO; SUMBAWA
(Hampson).
1925. Metasia paganalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 6.)
Primaries pale brown slightly suffused with fuscous, a fuscous
streak on basal half of costa and a dot beyond, a blackish annulus
in the cell and one at end of the cell; antemedial line blackish,
shghtly excurved from costa to middle, thence almost straight to
inner margin ; postmedial line blackish, almost straight from costa to
vein 2,where it turns inwards and upwards to lower angle of the cell,
then it turns downwards again to the inner margin. Secondaries pale
brown suffused with fuscous on the outer margin ; ante- and _post-
medial lines blackish, the former from discal mark to inner margin,
the latter not continued in the direction of the inner margin beyond
vein 2. Fringes whitish traversed by a fuscous line and preceded by
a blackish one. Under surface similar to above but paler.
Expanse 21 millim.
Two specimens from T'a-chien-lu taken in May or June,
and one from Pu-tsu-fong taken in June or July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
} R. 8.
1926. Metasia vicanalis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 8.)
Whitish faintly suffused with fuscous. Primaries have an almost
straight blackish antemedial line on the outer edge of which, to-
wards the costa, is a blackish annulus ; central line blackish, extend-
ing from a blackish outlined reniform mark at end of the cell to the
inner margin, bent inwards just before vein 1 ; postmedial line black,
straight from the costa almost to the inner angle, a white dot on the
costa on either side of the line. Secondaries have ante- and postmedial
490 Mr. J. H. Leech on
black lines, the former rather diffuse and the latter terminating at
vein 1 near the outer margin. Fringes pale with a black line at
their base.
Expanse 16 millim.
One male specimen from Moupin, June; and one from
Ichang, July.
Habitat. CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1927. Metasia morbidalis, sp. 0.
Greyish-brown with a faint violet tinge. Primaries have a black
antemedial line, outwardly angled at median nervure ; a black post-
medial line, slightly indented at vein 5, turned inwards, and upwards
at vein 1 to vein 2, thence inwardly oblique to inner margin ; a black
annulus in cell, touching the antemedial line, and one at the end
of the cell. Secondaries have a curved antemedial line and a
sinuous postmedial line, both black. Fringes of the ground colour
marked with darker, and preceded by two black lines with whitish
between them.
Expanse 20 millim.
One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu, taken in July or
August. |
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Genus PIONEA.
Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 422
(1896).
1928. Pionea albopedalis.
Nomis albopedalis, Motsch., Etud. Ent., 1860, p. 38.
A series in Pryer’s collection; one example taken at
Chang-yang in June.
Distribution. JAPAN ; CENTRAL CHINA.
1929. Pronea pallidalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 22.)
Pale stramineous. Primaries have traces of a dusky antemedial
line towards the inner margin and a dusky postmedial line ; the latter
is curved from its point of origin on the sub-costal nervure to the
base of vein 2, thence downwards to middle of the inner margin,
inwardly angled on vein 1. Secondaries have a finely dentate post-
medial line, which is deeply indented inwards on vein 3 ; sub-mar-
ginal line dusky, dentate. Under surface suffused with fuscous ; post-
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 491
medial line on all the wings as above, and there are traces of a sub-
marginal line on the primaries.
Expanse 35 millim.
Two specimens from Omei-shan, and one from Pu-tsu-
fong. June and July.
Habitat, WESTERN CHINA.
Allied to P. albopedalis, Motsch.
R. 8.
1980. Pronea pandalis.
Hapalia pandalis, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., p. 355.
Botys jessica, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., u, p. 58, pl. xxxix,
fig. 6 (1878).
Botys protensa, Butl., 1. ¢., fig. 7.
Types of jessica and protensa, Butl., were from Yokohama.
I obtained the jessica form at Nagasaki,Shimonoseki, and
Gensan ; my native collector took examples at Hakodate,
and there were a few in Pryer’s collection. Occurs in May,
June, and July. Of the protensa form I have examples
from Foochow (April), Satsuma (May), Nagasaki (June),
Chang-yang and Kiukiang (May and June), Moupin (June),
Ningpo.
Distribution. EurRopE.—JAPAN; YESSO; KIUSHIU;
CorEA; EASTERN, WESTERN, and CENTRAL CHINA.
1931. Pronea inornata.
Botys inornata, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 76, pl. lix,
ne, 11 (1879).
Type from Yokohama.
There was a specimen in Pryer’s collection. I took the
species at Shimonoseki, Tsuruga, and Gensan in July, and
have received examples from Kiushiu.
Distribution, JAPAN ; KiusHIu ; CoREA.
1932. Pronea ferrugalis.
Pyralis ferrugalis, Hiibn., Pyral., figs. 54, 150.
Scopula martialis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 398 (1854).
Scopula testacea, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ui, p. 77, pl.
ine, fic, 15 (1879).
Pronea ferrugalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 422 (1896).
Type of testacea, Butl., was from Yokohama. I captured
TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 33
492 Mr. J. H. Leech on
some specimens at Ningpo in April, and in Satsuma in
May. One example, taken in July or August, was received
from Ta-chien-lu.
Distribution. FEuRopE. — MADEIRA; WESTERN and
SOUTHERN AFRICA.—SYRIA; AFGHANISTAN; JAPAN;
NILerRis; CEYLON; SHAN STATES (Hampson); KIUSHIU ;
EASTERN and WESTERN CHINA.
1933. Pronea planalts, sp. n.
Primaries pale ochreous tinged with fuscous ; there are faint traces
of dusky ante- and postmedial lines and two dusky annular marks in
the cell. Secondaries whitish tinged with fuscous, a dusky discoidal
dot and traces of a curved postmedial line. Under surface of
primaries fuscous and of secondaries whitish suffused with fuscous on
costal area, a black dot at each angle of cell and a dusky curved
postmedial line.
Expanse 24 millim.
Two specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Allied to P. prunalis from Europe.
| RB. 8:
1934. Pronea pseudocrocealis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 14.)
Primaries ochreous tinged with brown ; faint traces of a dusky,
slightly oblique, antemedial line; postmedial line dusky, curved to
a point under end of cell, between veins2 and 3, thence straight toinner
margin. Secondaries paler, with a dusky discoidal dot anda curved
postmedial line; the latter is not traceable towards the abdominal
margin. Fringes whitish, brownish at their base, preceded by a
rather darker brown line. Under surface fuscous, all the wings have
a darker postmedial line ; the area beyond the line is ochreous on the
primaries and tinged with ochreous on the secondaries.
Expanse 23 millim.
One female specimen taken by Mr. Leech at Fushiki, in
July 1887.
Habitat. JAPAN.
Resembles P. crocealis, Hiibn., but it is a more robust
insect, darker in colour, a the ae lines are rather
differently formed. é
R. 8.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 493
1935. Pionea verbascalis.
Pyralis verbascalis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 121.
Pyralis arcualis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 80.
Lotys egentalrs, Christ., Bull. Mosc., 1881, i, p. 19.
Botys plumbocilialis, Snell., Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1890,
p- 576.
Pionea verbascalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p.
423 (1896).
Specimens were received from Ichang, Chang-yang,
Moupin, Chow-pin-sa, and Wa-shan. Occurs in June.
I obtained the species at Nagasaki in May, and at Fusan
and Gensan in June.
Two pale specimens in Pryer’s collection are referable to
var. egentalis, Christ., as also is one example taken by a
native collector at Ningpo in June.
Distribution. EUROPE.—DHARMSALA; SIKHIM; NILGIRIS
(Hampson); CENTRAL, EASTERN, and WESTERN CHINA;
CorREA; KIUSHIU; JAPAN.
1936. Pionea genialis,
Botys genialis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 69, pl. i, fig. 10
(1889).
I obtained specimens at Nagasaki and in Satsuma, and
a native collector took the species at Ningpo. May and
June.
Distribution. KriusHiu ; EASTERN CHINA.
1937. Pionea puralis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 16.)
Stramineous. Primaries have a dot in the cell, lunule at the end
of cell, and two transverse lines, ochreous brown; the antemedial is
outwardly oblique, and the postmedial is indented below the costa,
excurved beyond the cell, projected inwards at vein 2, thence waved
to inner margin. Secondaries have an ochreous-brown, curved, post-
medial line, bent inwards and upwards between veins 2 and 1, not
clearly defined towards the costa or the inner margin. Under surface
pale ochreous suffused with fuscous ; primaries have a dusky central
spot, and traces of a dusky postmedial line; the inner margin is
whitish.
Expanse 27 millim.
Four specimens from Ichang, taken in August.
Halitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
Allied to P. aureolalis, Led. | R. 8.
494, Mr. J. H. Leech on
1938. Pionea albifimbrialis.
Botys albifimbrialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xxxiv, p. 1446.
Two specimens from Satsuma, taken in May.
These examples, as well as two others from Chekiang
in the national collection at South Kensington, have the
postmedial line of primaries outwardly oblique to vein 5,
and the secondaries are brown suffused with fuscous.
Mstribution. FoRMosA; SUMATRA; JAVA (Hampson) ;
EASTERN CHINA ; KIUSHIU.
1939. Pionea punctiferalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 23.)
Primaries pale olive-brown, clouded and suffuse with darker; reni-
form and orbicular marks brown, outlined in blackish mingled with
white scales ; antemedial line whitish towards inner margin, but not
clearly defined ; postmedial line black, slightly curved and dentate,
the dentations marked with white, two white spots before it opposite
end of the cell; a marginal line black with black dots upon it,
marked with white towards the angle ; apical third of costa marked
with darker ; fringes chequered with white, traversed by one dark
line and preceded by another. Secondaries whitish suffused with
fuscous, especially on outer marginal area, a black dot at upper
and lower angles of cell, traces of a dusky postmedial line ; a marginal
series of black dots, partly connected by a black line; fringes whitish,
traversed by a dark line. Under surface whitish ; primaries much
suffused with fuscous, stigmata and postmedial line blackish ;
secondaries have markings similar to above, but the postmedial is
more clearly defined and indented towards the costa.
Expanse 24 millim.
One male specimen taken at Ta-chien-lu in May or
June. 7
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
R. 8.
1940. Pronea mendicalis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 10.)
Primaries ochreous brown, a dot in cell and annulus at end of cell,
both blackish; postmedial line blackish, slightly dentate, curved
round end of the cell, and terminating about the middle of inner
margin ; fringes fuscous brown preceded bya brown line. Secondaries
whitish tinged with ochreous on outer area; postmedial line blackish,
interrupted towards vein 2 and not continued to abdominal margin ;
fringes agree in colour with the wings and are preceded by an
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 495
ochreous brown line. Under surface glossy, whitish tinged with pale
brown, markings as above.
Expanse 28 millim.
Two specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June or July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1941. Pionea minnehaha.
Pyrausta minnehaha, Pryer, Cist. Ent., ii, p. 284, pl. iv, fig.
9 (1877).
Type from the Snowy Valley, near Ningpo.
I obtained this species at Nagasaki in May and at
Fusan in June. There was one example in Pryer’s
collection.
Distribution. JAPAN; KIUSHIU; CoREA; EASTERN
CHINA.
1942, Pronea lugubralis.
Botys lugubralis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 67, pl. iu, fig. 6
(1889).
I obtained examples of this species at Hakodate,
Nemoro, Gensan, and at Shikotan in the Kurile Islands.
Three specimens from Chang-yang and Ichang. Occurs
in July and August.
Distribution. JAPAN; YESSO; CoREA; KURILE ISLES;
CENTRAL CHINA.
1943. Pronea orbicentralis,
Botys orbicentralis, Christ., Bull. Mose., lvi. (1), p. 22 (1881).
I obtained specimens at Gensan in June, at Hakodate
in August, and at Oiwake in October. I have also
received one example from Wa-shan and one from Pu-
tsu-fong ; the latter are more variegated than the others
in the series.
Distribution, AMURLAND; COREA; JAPAN; YESSO;
WESTERN CHINA.
1944, Pionea aurorina.
Hbulea aurorina, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., 11, p. 58, pl.
Kxxix, fio. 9 (1878).
Type from Yokohama.
496 Mr. J. H. Leech on
I obtained one example at Ningpo in April, and one at
Fushiki in July.
Distribution. JAPAN; EASTERN CHINA.
1945. Pronea fentont.
_ Pseudebulea fenton, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 587.
Pionea fenton, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p-. 425 (1896).
Type from Tokio.
I obtained a specimen at Tsuruga, my native collector
captured three examples at Hakodate, and four others were
received from Chang-yang.
Distribution. JAPAN; SIKHIM; SimMLA; NILGIRIS;
TENASSERIM (Hampson) ; YESSO; CENTRAL CHINA.
1946. Pionea auratalis.
Leucocraspeda awratalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (6) xvi, p. 472 (1895).
There were specimens in Pryer’s collection. I obtained
one example at Hakodate in August, and my native
collector took others in the island of Kiushiu.
Habitat. JAPAN; YESSO and KIUSHIU.
1947. Pionea forficalrs.
Pyrlalis forficalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 533.
Pionea sodalis, Butl., Il. Typ. Lep. Het., 1, p. 59, pl. xxxix, -
fig. 4 (1878).
Pronea forficalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 425 (1896).
Type of sodalis, Butl., was from Yokohama.
There was one specimen in Pryer’s collection. I took two
at Nagasaki in May, and one at Sendai in September.
Instribution. EuROPE. — NoRTH-WEST HIMALAYAS; ~
SIKHIM (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
1948. Pionea rubiginalrs.
Pyralis rubiginalis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 79. :
Botys rubiginalis, Dup., Lép. Fr., vii, p. 130, pl. cexviii,
fig. 2.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 497
Hbulea rubiginalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 363.
Pionea rubiginalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1899,
p. 248.
Distribution. EUROPE. — WESTERN ASIA; JAPAN
(Hampson).
1949. Pionea (2) tritalhs.
Botys tritalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi (1), p. 20 (1881).
Nine specimens from Gensan taken in June.
Distribution. AMURLAND; NORTH CHINA; COREA.
1950. Pionea thyalis.
Botys thyalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 667 (1859).
Described from China.
1951. Pionea (?) tessellatis.
Nomis tessellatis, Motsch., Etud. Ent., 1860, p. 38.
Habitat, JAPAN.
Genus PARATALANTA.
Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 440.
1952. Paratalanta ussurialis.
Botyodes ussurialis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 68, pl. vi, fig. 6
(1864).
Botys cultralis, Staud., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1867, p.108; Mill.
Tcon., i, pl. lxxxv, fig. 17 (1864-68).
Botys labutonalis, Led., Hor. Ent., Ross, 1871, p. 22, pl. ii,
fig. 9.
Botys EB raneis Staud., Rom. sur Lép., 111, p. 32 (1887).
Paratalanta ussurialis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1899, p. 251.
Specimens from Gensan, Nagasaki, Hakone, Hakodate,
Moupin, Chang-yang, and from Pryer’s collection. Occurs
in June and July. }
Distribution. ARMENIA; ALTAI; AMURLAND; JAPAN;
Yesso; KirusHiu; CoREA; CENTRAL and WESTERN
CHINA.
Genus PYRAUSTA.
Schrank.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 429
(1896).
498 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1953. Pyrausta coclesalis.
Botys coclesalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 701 (1859).
Botys wtemalesalis, Walk., 1. c., xix, p. 996 (1859).
Botys lacrymalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 69, pl. iu, fig. 12
(1889).
Pyrausta coclesalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 441 (1896); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1899, p. 254.
I obtained this species in Satsuma in May, and at
Nagasaki in June. Walker’s type of ttemalesalis was from
Shanghai, and I have specimens from Chang-yang.
Distribution. CHINA; FoRMosA; throughout INDIA and
BurMA; BORNEO; JAVA; SUMBAWA (Hampson) ; KIUSHIU;
EASTERN and CENTRAL CHINA.
1954, Pyrausta fuscobrunnealis, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 7.)
Primaries pale brown, suffused with fuscous; antemedial line
darker, diffuse, slightly excurved ; postmedial line darker, outwardly
edged with whitish, finely dentate, indented below the costa, ex-
curved to vein 2 where it is bent inwards, angled on vein 1; a
dusky dot in the cell, and a lunule at end of the cell ; fringes of the
ground colour, preceded by a double darker line. Secondaries pale
fuscous with a darker, curved, postmedial line, which is outwardly
edged with whitish, and bent inwards between veins 3 and 2; fringes
white, preceded by a double brown line. Under surface fuscous, the
secondaries paler than primaries; all the wings have an indistinct
postmedial line.
Expanse 20 millim.
Two female specimens from Chang-yang, taken 1
August.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
Allied to P. fuscalis, Schiff.
B.S.
1955. Pyrausta hampsoni, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 21.)
Primaries brownish-grey, blackish dots at middle and end of cell,
with a pale spot between them; ante- and postmedial lines blackish ;
the former is inwardly edged with whitish, and indented below costa
and before inner margin; the latter is outwardly edged with whitish,
serrate, excurved beyond the cell; fringes brownish-grey preceded
by a rather darker line. Secondaries slightly paler with a black
discal dot; postmedial line blackish, outwardly edged with whitish,
indented below the costa, and more sharply at vein 2, hardly trace-
oan
noes
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 499
able to abdominal margin; fringes whitish-grey, brownish-grey at
their base, preceded by a darker line. Under surface of primaries
fuscous grey, antemedial line absent, other markings as above;
secondaries whitish, markings as above, but postmedial line is distinct
to abdominal margin.
Expanse 32 millim.
Three specimens from Ta-chien-lu, and one from Pu-
tsu-fong. June and July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1956. Pyrausta delicatalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 27.)
Whitish clouded and suffused with pale brown. Primaries have
brown ante- and postmedial lines, the former almost straight and the
latter crenulate, indented below the costa, excurved to vein 2, thence
incurved to inner margin ; a brown dot in the cell and a rather darker
lunule at end of the cell. Secondaries have a brown postmedial line,
which is bidentate about the middle. Fringes preceded by a brown
line. Under surface whitish, powdered with pale brown; all the
wings have a dusky submarginal line.
Expanse 24 millim.
Four specimens from Moupin, one from Omei-shan, and
one from Ta-chien-lu. July and August.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R.S.
1957. Pyrausta diniasalis.
Botys diniasalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 649 (1859).
Pyrausta diniasalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 442 (1896).
Described from Shanghai.
I received specimens from Moupin, Omei-shan, Chang-
yang,and Kiushiu, and I have met with one example at
Gensan. Occurs in June, July, and August.
Distribution. DHARMSALA (Hampson); EASTERN, CEN-
TRAL, and WESTERN CHINA; COREA.
1958. Pyrausta luctualis.
Pyralis luctualis, Hiibn., Pyral., fig. 88.
Ennychia diversa, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 585.
Type of dwersa, Butl., was from Hakodate.
500 Mr. J. H. Leech on
I took a specimen at Gensan in June, and my native
collector met with several specimens at Hakodate, and in
the island of Kiushiu. There was one example in Pryer’s
collection.
Distribution. EUROPE. — AMURLAND; JAPAN; YESSO;
KIUSHIU ; COREA.
1959. Pyrausta suffusalis.
Prionopaltis suffusalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) ix, p. 438 (1892).
Habitat, JAPAN.
1960. Pyrausta ocellalis.
Opsibotys ocellalis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
ix, p. 295 (1892).
Habitat. JAPAN.
1961. Pyrausta varialis,
Botys varialis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 69, pl. vi, fig. 9 —
(1864).
Opsibotys latipennis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)
ix, p. 295 (1892).
IT have specimens from Satsuma (May) and Shimonoseki
(July).
Distribution. AMURLAND ; JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
1962. Pyrausta moderatalis. |
Botys moderatalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi. (1), p. 25 (1881).
Specimens were received from Chang-yang, Wa-shan,
and Ta-chien-lu. Occurs May—August.
Distribution. AMURLAND; JAPAN; CENTRAL and WEST-
ERN CHINA.
1963. Pyrausta gracilis,
Samea gracilis, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iii, p. 74, pl. lix,
fig. 4 (1879).
Botys explicatalis, Christ., Bull. Mosc., lvi. (1), p. 16 (1881).
Type from Yokohama.
I obtained specimens at Ningpo, Nagasaki, and Gensan
n June and July.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHiu; CoREA; EASTERN
CHINA ; AMURLAND.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 501
1964. Pyrausta leechi, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 29.)
Primaries ‘golden-yellow suffused with purplish-grey at base and
on costal area ; a purplish-grey antemedial fascia, spot at end of the
cell, and outer marginal border; antemedial and postmedial lines
fuscous, the former sinuous with a dot below median nervure, the
latter slightly dentate and deflected inwards at vein 2; fringes
fuscous grey, silky. Secondaries whitish tinged with fuscous and
suffused with yellowish on the outer area; postmedial line fuscous,
curved and indented. Under surface similar to above, but the
colour is paler.
Expanse 28 millim.
Two specimens from Wa-shan, taken in June and July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1965. Pyrausta genialis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 16.)
Primaries orange-yellow, costa and margin bordered with blackish,
powdered with orange-yellow scales; the base is clouded with
blackish, and there are two transverse markings of the same colour,
each powdered with orange-yellow ; antemedial line commencing in
a spot below the costa, crossed by a black dash below the median
nervure; postmedial line sinuous, the costal half band-like; fringes
blackish. Secondaries black with an orange-yellow line from the
base terminating in a spot of the same colour in the centre of the
Wing ; postmedial band orange-yellow, as also are the fringes, except
below the middle, where they are marked with black. Under surface
orange-yellow; all the wings have the costa and outer margin
bordered with blackish, a discal spot and transverse line of the
same colour.
Expanse 20 millim.
Five specimens from Chia-kou-ho, one from Pu-tsu-
fong, and one from Wa-shan. Occurs in June and July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1966. Pyrausta griseocilialis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 5.)
Primaries ochreous, a small blackish dot in the cell, and a spot at
the end of the cell ; antemedial line blackish, sinuous, not extended
to costa ; postmedial line blackish, bluntly serrate, excurved to vein
2, along which it runs inwards for a short distance, thence almost
direct to the inner margin. Secondaries ochreous suffused with
fuscous, traces of a dusky medial line or band. Fringes dark
502 Mr. J. H. Leech on
grey. Under surface whitish ; primaries tinged with ochreous, and
suffused with blackish on costal area and on the apical portion of
the outer area, a black discal spot and postmedial line ; secondaries
whitish, faintly tinged with ochreous, traces of a dusky medial line.
Expanse 28 millim.
Four specimens from Ta-chien-lu, and the same number
from Chia-ting-fu, two examples from Pu-tsu-fong, and one
from Chow-pin-sa. Occurs in June and July.
Habitat, WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1967. Pyrausta vicinalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 30.)
Primaries pale brownish ; antemedial line darker, angled at vein
1; postmedial line darker, outwardly edged with whitish, serrate,
excurved beyond the cell, turned inwards at vein 3, then zigzag to
inner margin. Secondaries rather paler ; postmedial line darker,
outwardly edged with whitish, dentate between veins 5 and 2, and
bent inwards between veins 2 and 1. Fringes preceded by a dark
line. Under surface whitish suffused with fuscous on the primaries ;
all the wings have a dusky postmedial line.
Expanse 27 millim.
Mr. Leech obtained two specimens at Nagasaki in May,
and one was received from Chang-yang; the latter was
taken in June.
Distribution. KiusHIu ; CENTRAL CHINA.
R.S.
1968. Pyrausta flavalis.
Pyralis flavalis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 121.
Hapalia flavalis, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., p. 255.
Botys flavalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 334.
Pyrausta flavalis, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1899,
p. 257.
There were six specimens in Pryer’s collection, and I
obtained two at Gensan in July.
The inward bend of the postmedial line of primaries is
rather deeper than in European examples.
Distribution. EUROPE.—AMURLAND ; JAPAN; COREA.
1969. Pyrausta sanguinealis.
Micractis sanguinealis, Warren, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6) 1x, p. 294 (1892).
Halitat. JAPAN.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 503
1970. Pyrausta damoalis,
Botys damoalis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xviii, p. 656 (1859).
Pyrausta damoalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 436 (1896).
Two specimens were obtained at Gensan in June and
July, and others at Ichang, Moupin, and Chia-ting-fu.
Distribution. DHARMSALA ; SIKHIM; RanGcoon (Hamp-
son); CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA; COREA; JAPAN.
1971. Pyrausta nubialis.
Pyralis nubilalis, Hiibn., Pyrales, fig. 94.
Botys lupulinalis, Guen., Delt. and Pyral., p. 331 (1854).
Botys zealis, Guen., l. c., p. 332.
Pyrausta nubilalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 435 (1896).
A variable series of twenty-two specimens, comprising
specimens from Ningpo (April), Nagasaki (May), Gensan
and Fusan (June), Hakodate, Ichang, Chang-yang, Pu-tsu-
fong (June and July). The species was represented in
Pryer’s collection.
MNstribution. KUROPE.—NoRTH-WEST HIMALAYAS;
SikHim; KuAsis; MANIPUR (Hampson); Asta MINOR;
AMURLAND ; JAPAN; YESSO; KIUSHIU; COREA; CENTRAL
and WESTERN CHINA.
1972. Pyrausta indistans.
Hapalia indistans, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 223 (1887).
Botys callidoralis, Oberthiir, Etud. d’Entom., xv, p. 25, pl.
il, fig. 30 (1891).
Pyrausta indistans, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 438 (1896).
One specimen from Chang-yang, two from Moupin, three
from Pu-tsu-fong, and one from Ta-chien-lu. Occurs in
June and July.
Distribution. DHARMSALA; Sr1kHIM (Hampson); CEN-
TRAL and WESTERN CHINA.
1973. Pyrausta signatalis.
Botys signatalis, Walk., Cat. Lep, Het. Suppl., iv, p. 1444
(1865).
504 Mr. J. H. Leech on
Pryausta signatalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, 1 Iv,
p. 438 (1896).
Two specimens from Hakodate and one from Chang-
yang taken in August. A rather small specimen that I
obtained in Satsuma in May seems also to be referable to
P. signatalis,
Distribution. NortH-WrEsT HIMALAYAS; NILGIRIS;
CEYLON ; JAVA (Hampson); YESSo; KiusHIU; CENTRAL
CHINA.
1974. Pyrausta curvalis.
Botys curvalis, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 68, pl. in, fig. 3
(1889).
The type, a male, was obtained by native collector at
Ningpo in July.
Habitat. EASTERN CHINA.
1975. Pyrausta moupinalis, sp. n.
Primaries dingy brown tinged with blackish, a black dot in the
cell, and a larger one at end of the cell ; antemedial line black, diffuse
and slightly excurved ; postmedial line black, bent outwards beyond
the cell, almost direct from vein 2 to the inner margin. Secondaries
colour of the primaries with an indistinct darker central line.
Fringes pale brown, blackish at their base, preceded by an ochreous
line. Under surface dark fuscous.
Expanse 18 millim.
One male specimen from Moupin taken in June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA. R.8.
1976. Pyrausta obstipalis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 10.)
Primaries brownish-grey, a black dot in the cell and a dusky,
oblique, postmedial line, the latter inwardly bordered with grey
towards the costa ; there are traces of a dusky antemedial line, most
distinct towards the inner margin. Secondaries grey, suffused with
fuscous. Fringes grey, those of the primaries rather darker, pre-
ceded by a dark line on all the wings. Under surface of primaries
fuscous ; secondaries whitish tinged with fuscous, especially on the
costal area ; fringes paler.
Expanse 24 millim.
Six specimens from Ta-chien-lu. June and July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 505
1977. Pyrausta memnialrs.
Ebulea (2?) memnialis, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het., xix, p. 1010
(1859).
Described from Shanghai. I took an example at Sakata
in August.
Distribution. EASTERN CHINA; JAPAN.
1978. Pyrausta pygmealis, sp. n.
Pale ochreous irrorated with darker. Primaries have a blackish
speck in the cell and two dots at outer extremity ; antemedial and
postmedial lines brownish, the first outwardly angled about middle,
and the second curved toa point under the cell, thence falling straight
to the inner margin. Secondaries have a patch of dusky scales under
the lower angle of cell, and a brownish postmedial line, the latter
curved and recurved about the middle. There are traces of a dusky
submarginal line on all the wings, and the fringes are blackish-grey
tipped with pale grey. Under surface pale ochreous, suffused with
fuscous, obscure traces of a postmedial line on each wing.
Expanse 16 millim.
One specimen from Ichang taken in June, and another
from the same locality taken in August.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
Allied to P. macheralis, Walk.
R. 5:
1979. Pyrausta cespitalis.
Pyralis cespitalis, Schiff., Wien. Verz., p. 123 (1775).
Botys tendinosalis, Brem., Lep. Ost.-Sib., p. 99, pl. viii, fig.
10 (1864).
Pyrausta cespitalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 430 (1896).
One specimen from Chang-yang and one from Ni-tou
appear to be referable to P. cespitalis. The former is of
the tendinosalis form, whilst the latter is of large size and
has well-defined markings. I also have a dark female
specimen from Gensan.
Distribution. EuUROPE.—SYRIA; SIBERIA; AFGHAN-
ISTAN; PuNJAB; DHARMSALA; BERNARDMYO; BURMA
(Hampson); CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA; COREA.
506 Mr. J. H. Leech on
1980. Pyrausta syfanialis.
Flerbula syfanialis, Oberth., Etud. d’Entom., xviii, p. 45, pl.
iv, fig. 61 (1898).
A specimen from Ta-chien-lu, taken in May or June,
appears to be referable to this species.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
1981. Pyrausta sanguinalis.
Pyralis sanguinalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., xii, p. 882.
Pyralis hematalis, Hiibn., Pyrales, fig. 178.
Pyrausta sanguinalis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
lv, p. 432 (1896).
One example taken at Nagasaki in May.
Distribution. EUROPE—SYRIA; SIMLA; Kulu; SI-
BERIA (Hampson) ; KIusHIv.
1982. Pyrausta contigualis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 23.)
Primaries yellow, rosy at the base and along the costa and with two
rosy transverse bands; the first line is broadest towards the costa, the
second has its outer edge rather diffuse, and its inner edge slightly
curved towards the costa and inwardly oblique towards the inner
margin ; there is a darker dot in the cell, and a lunule at end of the
cell placed in the outer edge of the first band. Secondaries pale
ochreous with a rosy tinged, fuscous, submarginal band. Fringes
yellow, preceded by a faint rosy line. Under surface pale ochreous
tinged with fuscous on the secondaries and on the basal area of
primaries, the latter have a blackish lunule at the end of the cell,
and a blackish submarginal band ; on the secondaries there are traces
of a dusky discal dot and marginal border.
Expanse 23 millim.
Three specimens from Moupin, taken in June.
Closely allied to P. sanguznalis, Linn., but larger; the
_ bands on the primaries are broader, and the edges irregular
in contour; the outer band is placed farther from the
margin.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA. Ra
1983. Pyrausta tithonialis.
Pyrausta tithonialis, Zell., Verh. z. b. Ver. Wien., 1872, p.
504, pl. iii, fig. 15; Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1899, p. 266.
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 507
I captured a specimen at Gensan in July, and have
received one from Moupin, taken in June.
Distribution. AMURLAND ; COREA; WESTERN CHINA.
1984. Pyrausta phoenicealrs,
Pyralis phoenicealis, Hiibu., Zutr., i, p. 22, figs. 115, 116.
Pyrausta phoenicealis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iv, p. 431 (1896).
One specimen from Nikko taken by a native collector
who also obtained an example in the island of Kiushiu. I
met with the species at Tsuruga in July.
Distribution. NortH and South AMERICA; WEST
InDiES; AFRICA; CHINA; SIKHIM; Bompay; NILGIRIS;
AUSTRALIA (Hampson); JAPAN; KIUSHIU.
1985. Pyrausta discimaculalis.
Pyrausta discimaculalis, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1900, p. 397.
Mstribution. AMURLAND; JAPAN.
1986. Pyrausta rufalis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 12.)
Primaries rufous-brown with an obscure yellowish dot in the cell;
ante- and postmedial lines blackish, the first indented below the
middle, and the second elbowed below a yellow, elongate, costal
spot, the inner edge of which it defines ; fringes dark grey with a
black line at their base, marginal line pale grey. Secondaries blackish
with a black discal dot and a yellow postmedial band ; the latter
commences below the costa, and is tapered and curved towards the
abdominal margin, where it terminates at about one-third from the
anal angle ; fringes pale ochreous marked with black at anal angle
and at end of vein 2. Under surface similar to above, but the inner
margin of all the wings is suffused with yellow, and the costal spot
of primaries is continued as a band almost to inner margin.
Expanse 25 millim.
Three specimens from Ta-chien-lu. May and June.
Habitat: WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1987. Pyrausta quadrimaculalis, sp. n. (Plate XTV, fig. 13.)
Primaries brown, slightly suffused with greyish, a yellow spot on
the costa towards apex; postmedial line blackish but not clearly
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 34
508 Mr. J. H. Leech on
defined, outwardly bordering the costal spot, thence inwardly oblique
to the inner margin. Secondaries brown, inclining to blackish, a
black discal dot ; a yellow postmedial lunular fascia, not extending
to the costa or inner margin. Fringes of primaries of the ground
colour, those of the secondaries pale ochreous. Under surface similar
to above, but the primaries have a yellow discal dot, and the costal
spot is continued as a band almost to the inner margin ; inner margin
yellow between the band and the inner margin of the wing.
Expanse 23 millim.
One male specimen from ere ho, taken in July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Possibly a form of P. rufalis.
RS.
1988. Pyrausta thibetalis.
Pyrausta thibetalis, Oberth., Etud. d’Entom., xi, p. 35,
pl. a, fig. 6,
Described from Té-tsien-lot.
A fine series from Ta-chien-lu and one example from
Moupin. June and July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
1989. Pyrausta oberthuri, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 11.)
Primaries purplish-brown, secondaries black ; a yellow postmedial
line on each wing, that on the secondaries rather expanded towards
the costa ; fringes of primaries brown, of secondaries whitish. Under
surface pale ochreous ; primaries have a black discoidal spot and sub-
marginal band, the area beyond the band golden-brownish ; second-
aries have the basal area suffused with blackish and the outer
marginal area golden-brown, traversed by a darker band-like shade.
Expanse 18 millim.
Seven specimens, taken at Ta-chien-lu in May or June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Differs from P. thibetales, Oberth., in having paler and
narrower transverse lines.
Re
1990. Pyrausta sikkima.
Porphyritis sikkima, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 207 (1888).
Pyrausta maculata, Butl., Ul. Typ. Lep. Het., vii, p. 93,
pl. exxxiv, fig. 16 (1889).
Pyrausta sikkima, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv,
p. 430 (1896).
Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 509
Specimens were received from Ichang, Wa-ssu-kow, and
Ta-chien-lu, and I obtained one example at Tsuruga in
June; the latter has rather smaller orange markings than
the Chinese specimens, and the subbasal mark is almost
obsolete.
Distribution. DHARMSALA; SIKHIM; NAGaAs; ANDA-
MANS (Hampson); CENTRAL and WESTERN CHINA;
JAPAN,
1991. Pyrausta mandarinalis, sp. n. (Plate XIV, fig. 18.)
Primaries dark grey-brown powdered with black scales, some
orange scales on the costa, and an orange spot on basal area below the
median nervure ; postmedial line orange, grey on the costa, barely
traceable towards inner margin, edged externally with black and
united with a black-rayed orange spot at end of the cell ; fringes
blackish, extreme tips grey. Secondaries black with an orange
medial band, contracted below the middle and not extending to
either costa or inner margin ; an orange dot on the submarginal area
near vein 2 ; fringes pale ochreous, black between veins 2-4. Under
surface similar to that of P. sikkima, Moore, but with an orange spot
at inner angle of primaries, and an orange suffusion near the anal
angle of secondaries.
Expanse 18 millim.
Ten specimens from Ta-chien-lu, taken in May and
June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Very near P. sikkima, but the abdomen is not ringed
with orange, and the postmedial markings are differently
formed.
R. 8.
1992. Pyrausta tortwalis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 17.)
Primaries brownish-black, an orange yellow spot on the inner
margin near the base of the wing, one in the cell, one near the centre
of the wing, a large one at end of the cell, and one on inner margin
near the angle ; from the latter there are some orange-yellow specks
indicating a sabmarginal line; the costa is orange-yellow marked
with the ground colour, and the fringes are yellowish towards apex
and blackish towards the inner angle. Secondaries have an orange-
yellow spot about the same size as that at end of the cell on primaries,
and a biangulate line beyond, the abdominal margin streaked with
orange-yellow towards the base ; fringes yellowish. Under surface
510 Mr. J. H. Leech on,
similar to above, but the base of the secondaries is orange-yellow, and
there is a dash of the same colour at the base of the costa.
Expanse 20 millim.
One example from Chow-pin-sa and one from Ta-
chien-lu.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
1998. Pyrausta punctilinealis, sp.n. (Plate XIV, fig. 14.)
Primaries brown dusted and clouded with blackish ; a pale ochreous
spot in the cell, a larger one below it extending to inner margin, a
quadrate ochreous spot at end of the cell, and a somewhat similar one
on the costa towards the apex ; from the lower end of the subapical
spot there is a sinuous ochreous line terminating on the inner margin ;
a golden-brown marginal line with black dots upon it; fringes
blackish with paler tips. Secondaries black with an orange-yellow
cuneiform dash on the basal area and curved postmedial band of the
same colour; the latter is broadest towards the costa, and does not
reach the abdominal margin ; fringes yellow marked with black
about the middle. Under surface purplish-brown with an orange-
yellow triangular mark occupying the middle of the basal two-thirds;
this mark has a dot of the ground colour on its upper edge ; post-
medial band orange-yellow, broadest towards the costa ; outer margin
orange-yellow, the costa between band and base powdered with orange-
yellow scales. Secondaries orange-yellow with traces of purplish
central and submarginal bands.
Expanse 21 millim.
Six specimens from Ta-chien-lu taken in May and
June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. S&S:
1994, Pyrausta bret.
Pyrausta bietr, Oberth., Htud. d’Entom., x1, p. 35, pl. u,
fig. 10.
Described from Té-tsien-lot.
Four specimens from Ta-chien-lu and one from Pu-tsu-
fong. June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
1995. Pyrausta chrysitis.
Pyrausta chrysitis, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 584.
Fleterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. 511
Type from Tokio.
There was one example in Pryer’s collection.
Halitat. JAPAN.
1996. Pyrausta unipunctata.
Pyrausta unipunctata, Butl, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881,
p. 584.
Type from Yokohama.
One specimen from Moupin and two from Ichang.
June.
I took this species at Foochow in April, and at Nagasaki
in May.
Distribution. JAPAN; KiusHIu; SOUTH-EASTERN, CEN-
TRAL, and WESTERN CHINA.
1997. Pyrausta limbata.
Ennychia limbata, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., i, p. 73,
pl. Iviu, fig. 13 (1879).
Type from Yokohama.
I obtained three specimens in Satsuma in May, two at
Nagasaki in June, and one at Tsuruga in July. Examples
were received from Kiushiu, Moupin, and Chang-yang.
Distribution. JAPAN; KIUSHIU ; CENTRAL and WESTERN
CHINA.
1998. Pyrausta assimalis,
Ennychia assimilis, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 73,
pl. lviii, fig. 12 (1879).
The type was from Hakodate; I have eight specimens
from the same locality. Occurs in July and August.
This hardly seems to be specifically distinct from
P. octomaculata, Linn.
Habitat. Y Esso.
1999. Pyrausta astrifera.
Ennychia astrifera, Butl., Ill. Typ. Lep. Het., iui, p. 73,
pl. Iviii, fig. 14 (1879).
Type from Yokohama; there is also a specimen from
Tokio in the national collection.
This is probably a form of P. octomaculata, Linn.
Habitat. JAPAN.
2000. Pyrausta mundalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 19.)
Primaries blackish with pearly-white markings and a greyish
512 Mr. J. H. Leech on
streak along the costa; the pearly markings comprise two subbasal
spots below the median nervure, separated from the smaller of
two spots in cell by the blackish antemedial line ; the outer celi spot
and two others below it are separated from a transverse series of 8
by the blackish sinuous postmedial line; fringes blackish chequered
with white. Secondaries pearly white, venation blackish ; discal
annulus, central line, and outer marginal border, blackish ; the central
line has a curved projection, or loop, between veins 2 and 5; fringes
blackish chequered with white. Under surface pearly white ; primaries
have a black spot at end of the cell and one on costa towards apex,
apical half of outer margin clouded with blackish, markings of upper
surface fairly traceable.
Expanse 38 millim.
Two specimens taken at Chang-yang in July.
Habitat. CENTRAL CHINA.
R. 8.
2001. Pyrausta pullatalis.
Botys pullatalis, Christ., Bull. Mose., lvi. (1), p. 12.
One specimen taken at Nagahama in July.
Distribution. AMURLAND ; JAPAN.
2002. Pyrausta postalbalis, sp.n. (Plate XV, fig. 13.)
Primaries blackish-grey, a black dot at end of the cell, and a diffuse,
whitish, oblique postmedial line; fringes blackish-grey becoming
white towards the tips. Secondaries white clouded with blackish at
the base and on outer margin ; fringes white. Under surface similar to
the upper surface in colour, but all the wings are immaculate.
Expanse 26 millim.
One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu and one example
from Chia-kou-ho. July.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
R. 8.
2003. Pyrausta (2) menialis.
Ennychia menialis, Oberth., Etud. d’Entom., xix, p. 37,
pl. vi, fig. 55 (1894).
Described from Tibet, probably from Moupin, Western
China,
2004. Pyrausta (?) lineolalis.
Botys lineolalis, Motsch., Bull. Mosc., xxxix, p. 198.
Habitat. JAPAN.
eterocera fron MD pan, an "C0.
Het com China, Japan, and Core 513
Genus HELIOTHELA.
Guenée, Delt. and Pyral., p. 152 (1854).
2005. Heltothela nigralbata.
Helwothela nigralbata, Leech, Entom., xxii, p. 65, pl. iv
fig. 7 (1889).
Heliothela nigralbata, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
£e99, p. 281.
Described from Chekiang. There was one specimen in
Pryer’s collection.
Distribution. EASTERN CHINA ; JAPAN.
Genus SIMATHISTIS.
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 446 (1896).
2006. Simethistis leechi, sp. n. (Plate XV, fig. 24.)
Primaries purplish-grey dusted with blackish, a broad white
lunule at end of the cell, two white spots between the lunule and
the inner margin, a white spot dusted with yellow on the costa ; these
white marks represent a transverse band edged by a black line
which is excurved opposite the lunule; postmedial line black, curved
and irregularly dentate, followed on the costa by a small white
triangular spot; there isa suffused golden-brown band beyond the
annular mark (formed by sinus of antemedial line and the lunule)
from vein 7 to vein 1, the band outwardly limited by a dentate black
line. Secondaries purplish-grey dusted with blackish ; a white ante-
medial band dusted with ground colour and blackish; the band,
which does not extend to the costa, is outwardly bordered with golden-
brown edged with black ; a longitudinal series of three blackish dots,
one basal and the others in the cell ; postmedial line black, dentate.
Fringes white mixed with grey, entirely grey at apex, towards
the inner angle of the primaries, and at outer angle, middle, and
anal angle of the secondaries. Under surface brown with white bands
as above ; the primaries have a white dot in the cell and two white
dots beyond the end of cell; postmedial line black, originating in a
white triangle on the costa, traversing a greyish band ; secondaries
powdered with grey on outer two-thirds.
Expanse 20 millim.
Three specimens from Wa-shan and two from 'T'a-chien-
lu. June.
Habitat. WESTERN CHINA.
Fig.
Fig.
© ONO WN pe
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.
Crambus aridellus, sp. u., p. 389.
. Entephria jaguaralis, var. chinensis, nov., p. 446.
. Crambus brevilinellus, sp.D., p. 394.
» picturatellus, sp. n., p. 393.
» fractellus, sp. n., p. 390.
», fuliginosellus, sp. n., p. 395.
. Nacoleia maculals, sp. n., p. 462.
. Platytes sinuosellus, sp. n., p. 395.
. Crambus bipartellus, sp. n., p. 393.
. Pyrausta obstipalis, sp. n., p. 504.
8 oberthuri, sp. n., p. 508.
be rufalis, sp. n., p. 507.
- quadrimaculalis, sp. n., p. 507.
5 punctilinealis, sp. n., p. 510.
| Leechia sinuosalis, sp. n., p. 400.
. Pyrausta genialis, sp. n., p. 501.
- tortualis, sp. n., p. 509.
mandarinalis, sp. n., p. 509.
. Pyralis moupinalis, sp. n., p. 423.
. Herculia bilinealis, sp. a., p. 427.
. Rehimena straminealis, sp. n., p. 449.
. Endotricha affinialts, sp. n., p. 418.
. Pyrausta contigualis, sp. n., p. 506.
. Prionopteryx marmorellus, sp. n., p. 399.
. Crambus columlinellus, sp. n., p. 390.
. Parthenodes triangulalis, sp. n., p. 438.
. Musotima nubilalis, sp. n., p. 435.
. Trichophysetis hampsoni, sp. n., p. 420.
. Parthenodes pallidalis, sp. n., p. 489.
. Emmalocera gensanalis, sp. n., p. 405.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.
. Bradina rectilinealis, sp. n., p. 440.
. Phlyctenodes confusalis, sp. n., p. 486.
. Polythlipta maculalis, sp. n., p. 475.
Nacoleia immundalis, sp. n,, p. 460.
Pyrausta griseoctlialts, sp. n., p. 501.
. Metasia paganalis, sp. n., p. 489.
. Pyrausta fuscobrunnealis, sp. n., p. 498.
. Metasia vicanalis, sp. n., p. 489.
. Crocidophora (?) gensanalis, sp. n., p. 481.
. Pionea mendicalis, sp. n., p. 494.
. Omphalocera hirta, sp. n., p. 428.
. Crocidophora butleri, sp. n., p. 480.
. Pyrausta postalbalis, sp. n., p. 512.
. Pronea pseudocrocealis, sp. n., p. 492.
. Eurrhyparodes leechi, sp. n., p. 450.
. Pionea puralis, sp: n., p. 493.
. Parbattia latifascialis, sp. n., p. 482.
. Sylepta luteolalis, sp.un., p. 467.
. Pyrausta mundalis, sp. n., p. 511.
. Sacada contiqua, sp. n., p. 430.
. Pyrausta hampsont, sp. n., p. 498.
. Pronea pallidalis, sp. n., p. 490.
» punctiferalis, sp. n., p. 494.
. Simethistis leechi, sp. n., p. 518.
. Bradina nigripunctalis, sp. n., p. 449.
. Sylepta invalidalis, sp. n., p. 467.
. Pyrausta delicatalis, sp. n., p. 499.
. Wacoleia ochrimaculalis, sp. u., p. 460.
. Pyrausta leechi, sp. n., p. 501.
es vicinalts, sp. n., p. 502,
Sa a.
XVI. Hymenoptera aculeata, collected in Algeria by the
Rev. ALFRED Epwin Eaton, M.A., F.ES.,
and the Rev. Francis Davip Morice, M.A.,
E.E.S. Part I. Heterogyna and Fossores to the
end of Pompilide. By EDWARD SAUNDERS,
F.L.B., ¥.P.ES.
[Read October 16th, 1901.]
THE subject-matter of this paper consists of two collec-
tions, one made by Mr. Eaton at various periods during
the years 1892—1897, and the other by Mr. Morice in
the spring and early summer of 1898. Both are rich in
species, and contain a large number of undescribed forms.
Mr. Eaton, although not a specialist in Hymenoptera, has
been good enough to collect that order most assiduously on
my behalf, and I am very glad to be able to record here my
appreciation of his kindness. Mr. Morice is a well-known
specialist in this order, and his collection, for the short time
he was in Algeria, is a very extensive one, and contains
a number of species not included in Mr. Eaton’s, but having
never studied botany, he has been unable to furnish such
data as those given by Mr. Eaton. Mr. Morice has very
kindly consented to help me in the preparation of this
paper, and the present part will, I hope, shortly be followed
by one on the Sphegidz, which will be from his pen.
Until the whole collections are thoroughly worked
through, it is impossible to supply accurate data as to the
attractive powers of the various plants, the distribution of
the species captured in respect of altitude, season, etc., but
I hope to deal with these in a tabular or other compact
form at the close of the paper.
With the specimens of Aculeate Hymenoptera collected
by him in Algeria and at Tunis, Mr. Eaton furnished notes
corresponding with indications on their pin-labels relating
to circumstances of their capture, such as place, date,
flowers frequented by the species, and in some instances
peculiarities of habits, and the colours of the eyes, etc., in
life. Limitations in respect of excursions and places of
sojourn were imposed upon him by the state of his health ;
and he has kindly summarized, under the head of each of
the principal halting-places, sites of which mention is made
TRANS, ENT. SOC, LOND, 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.)
516 Mr. Edward Saunders on
in the notes relating to that neighbourhood, arranging these
subsidiary stations according to routes, to show how small
were the districts worked over.
Alger or Algiers (Oct. 26th, 27th, and Nov. 16th, 1892,
to May 10th, 1893).—All of the subsidiary places? noted
during this period are situated within the area cut off by a
straight line drawn from Maison Carrée to the mouth of
the streamlet below Sidi Ferruch: the highest parts of
Bouzaréa were seldom visited. Few Aculeata were caught
before the spring. In April many attractive flowers * came
into blossom.
Médéa (June 25th to Aug. 22nd, 1893).—Altitude about
2900 to 3000 feet. The principal cultures are cereals
and vines ; olives and pomegranates are of less importance.
The road and railway from Algiers pass Blida (altitude 850
to 900 feet) and Sidi Modani (26 vii, 1893; altitude about
600 feet), near Ruiseau des Singes (ditto; altitude about
700 feet) in the Gorges de la Chiffa. The harvest was
nearly over by the end of June.
Subsidiary placesand sites.—W ithin three to five kilometres
from the centre of the town (altitude 2930 feet), from west
to north :—Maison Berronis by the lower road to Lodi
(altitude 2980 to 3030 feet) ; upper road by les Trembles
and Dakela to Lodi (altitude 3440 feet and under) and its
branch up the valley between Kef-el-Azeri (3702 feet) and
Djebel Nador to Tib Harin, and mule-tracks on roads
among vineyards on the Nador (up to about 3440 feet), by
which Aine-ed-di-Dib, over the ridge, can be reached
1 Towards Maison Carrée,—Hussein Dey and the Polygone, ee
the sea-shore ; Jardin d’Essai or du Hamma, Agha, Porte d’Isly an
the ramparts adjoining it. Towards Sidi Ferruch along the coast,—
Bab-el-Oued, St. Eugene, Pointe Pescade, Bains Romaines. Near
Mustapha Superieur :—Colonne Voirol, Route Madeline. Towards
el-Biar:—the Kasbah and neighbouring ramparts, Port de Sahel,
Fort de Empereur ; and to the Frais Vallon and (above St. Eugene)
the Vallon des Consuls.
2 Plants cited (months indicated in Roman characters, days in
Arabic characters. )}—Geraniacex ; Oxalis corniculata and cernua (ii.).
Linacex ; Linum sp.—(iv.). Cactacex; Opuntia[hedges]. Cucurbi-
tacex; Bryonia dioica (v.). Umbellifere ; Smyrnium olusatrum (il,
end—iv.), Magydaris tomentosa (v.), Ferula communis (iv.—v.).
Compositx,; Asteriscus maritimus(iv.—v.). Phagnalon rupestre (iv-),
Anacyclus clavatus (iv.—y.), Chrysanthemum segetum (iv.), Centaurea
seridis (iv.—v.), Carduus [Silybum] marianus (iv.). Hricacex;
Arbutus unedo (xi.). Boraginacex ; Echium italicum (iv.—v.);
Cerinthe aspera or gymnandra [according to site] (iv.—v.). Labiatx,;
Prasium majus (iv.).
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 517
(altitude 3177 feet); and a mule-track west of and parallel
with the main road to Algiers near the town. [A large
part of the woods above Tib Harin was accidentally or
malevolentiy burned (I believe) this summer.]
The environs of Médéa to the right of the Route d’Alger
and north of the Route de Laghouat yielded many inter-
esting species. The best sites were along a mule-track
leading to the hill marked 991 (8250 feet) above the
railway-station; the heads of ravines on the northern
slopes of the ridge, near Md. Ben Omar (2730 to 3130
feet); and in vineyards, etc., along the northern flanks of
Koudia Sma (2700 to 3180 feet, the summit); the upper
parts of this hill were less productive.
South and east of the town, as far as the stream Oued-
el-Harch (about 1900 feet) and Damiette (about 3000 feet),
are several excellent collecting-sites :—Plateau d’Ouzaneau,
Aine Mekra (2700 feet) and Aine Souk. Farther east-
wards are Hassen-ben-Ali and Kef-el-Ahmeur.
Plants cited.—Malvacee ; Malva sylvestris (vi.). Cary-
ophyllex; Dianthus serrulatus (vi. 27). Leguminose ;
Sarothamnus arboreus (v1). Umbellifere ; Eryngium tri-
quetrum (vi. to vii. 12), tricuspidatum, in woods (viii. 17,
21), Daucus setifolius, in woods (vii. 30; vii. 2), carota
[maximus], seldom attractive to bees (vu. 8). Dipsaceex ;
Scabiosa maritima (vi. to vil. 11). Composite; Pulicaria
dysenterica (vii. 5), Carlina racemosa (vill. 17, 21),
Atractylis gummifera (vii. 12), Centaurea niceensis
(v1.), calcitrapa (vii. 5-21), Microlonchus salmanticus
(vu. 11-80), Onopordon macracanthum (vi. to vii. 5),
Cirsium giganteum (vil. 5), Scolymus hispanicus (vi. to vil.
11), Sonchus arvensis (vii. 28). Convolvulacexe ; Convolvu-
lus arvensis (vi1.). Loraginee ; Kchium sp.—(vi.—vil. 3).
Labiatz ; Mentha rotundifolia (vil. 11 to vii.11). Verbena-
cee; Verbena officinalis (vil.). Zhymelex; Daphne gnidium
(viii. 21). Liliacew ; Asparagus sp.—(vi. 28), Allium sp.
(vil. 14).
In Kabylie, Tizi-Ouzou, Azazga, and Fort National were
visited.
Tizi-Ouzou (Oct. 30th, Nov. 8th to 11th, 1892), when
Hymenoptera were not prime specialities; and June 13th to
15th, 1893.—Sites of captures made in neighbourhood
range in altitude from about 160 feet to 800 feet, but
mostly lie between 300 and 600 feet.
Subsidiary places and sites—Dra-ben-Kredda or Mira-
518 Mr. Edward Saunders on
beau (altitude 160 feet) to the west ; Tissadourt (altitude
at the ford, about 300 feet); Oued-kef-en-Nadje; Irzer
Argoub Amrouch; military monument on the mule-track
from Aine Hallouf to the Maison Forestier d’ Harouza on
a spur of Djebel-el-Belouva ; the public gardens and other
parts of the immediate outskirts and environs.
Plants cited (June),—Zizyphus lotus; Echinops spinosus ;
Centaurea aps Echium 2 te Mentha sp.—; Cala-
mintha sp.—; Phlomis.
Driving from Tizi-Ouzou up the valley of Oued Sebaou,
a bush of Zizyphus lotus (vi. 13) at the parting of the road
to Mekla, was thronged by Aculeata, some of which were
secured. There is now a tram-line to Azazga.
Azazga (June 13th and Aug. 30th to Sept. 24th, 1893)
adjoins the Forét de Yakouren, the largest forest of cork
and other oaks in the Province d’Alger. Olives, vines
and cereals are the prevailing cultures. Altitude about
1400 feet.
Subsidiary places and sites—Cemetery and Maison
Forestier on the road to Yakouren village, which is
distant twelve kilometres from Azazga, and at an altitude
of about 2677 feet.
Plants cited.—Kchium (vi. 11); Eryngium tricuspidatum
(ix.); Inula viscosa (ix.); Carlina racemosa (vill. 30—ix.);
Mentha rotundifolia (viii. 30—ix.).
Fort National (Nov. Ist to 3rd, 1892)—Any bees col-
lected were captured along the ridge running south-east,
or near the town, at altitudes of about 2800 to 3500 feet.
On the railway (l'Est Algerien) from Algiers to Constan-
tine, during short halts of the train, a few bees were
obtained at Mechta-el-Arbi, on Chicorium intybus and
Marrubium vulgare, and at Telerma (otherwise Telergma)
on Asphodelus microcarpus (v. 16, 1893) growing in rail-
way sidings. At Sétif (vi. 5, 1893), at 6.30 A.M., a stroll to
the outskirts of the town yielded very little (altitude about
3590 feet).
Constantine (Sept. 30th to Nov. 3rd, 1893; June 11th to
23rd; Oct. 10th to Nov. 17th, and Dec. 5th to 15th, 1894;
May 5th to June 14th, and Oct. 11th to Dec. 6th, 1895).—
Altitude at the corner of Rue National and Rue de France
about 2000 feet. The river Roumel in a deep gorge
separates the town from Mansoura and el-Kantara on the
east, and M’cid, skirted by the Route de la Corniche on
the north, where it descends in a cascade, some distance
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 519
above the Pont d’Aumale. At the south-west angle of
the town is Koudiat Aty, which was being largely quarried
away to gain space for extension of the suburb.
Other subsidiary sites.—At altitudes not exceeding 2000
feet: — Woods on the flanks of Mansoura; Route de Batna
to about third kilometre; parts of the valleys of the Roumel
and Merzoug ranged over; Camp des Oliviers; Aqueduc
Romaine ; slopes of hills worked over between this and the
Seminaire; Moslem and French cemeteries; Route de
Philippeville or Stora; Hammam Sidi M’cid; Route de la
Corniche and railway to Philippeville [Smendou, a station
on that line], and most of the adjacent slopes; wood below
the hospital; el-Kantara and the old Jewish cemetery.
At altitudes upwards of 2000 feet :-—The brow of the
spur of M’cid behind the hospital, and the higher parts
above the quarries, including the newer Jewish cemetery ;
Biet--Ras, on the further spur of Djebel Ouach, above the
Route de la Corniche; Djebel Ouach (from about 2800
feet to the summit above the reservoirs, 4265 feet); the
Mansoura and woods to the north of it; Mt. de Constan-
tine, opposite the south-west suburbs (up to 2500 feet),
and Koudiat Aty.
Plants cited.—At altitudes of 2000 feet and under :—
fanunculacer; Nigella hispanica (vi. 2). Crucifere ;
Brassica (Sinapis) nigra (v. 22, vi. 1), Diplotaxis muralis
(v. 21, 22), viminea (v. 10). Leguminose ; Ononis viscosa
(vi. 6), Lotus ornithopodoides (v. 18), Onobrychis venosa (vi.
12). Cactacex; Opuntia. Cucurbitacee; Ecballium elaterium
(ix. 30). OUmbellifere ; EKryngium triquetrum (vi. 7-23),
Ainanthe fistulosa (v. 7, 10); Ferula communis (v. 20);
Thapsia garganica (v. 15, 17, 18). Dipsacex; Scabiosa
maritima (vi. 16,18). Compositz ; Inula viscosa (x. 1, 4,
15), Asteriscus aquaticus (vi. 9), Anacyclus clavatus (v. 10),
Atractylis gummifera (x. 1), Centaurea niczensis (vi. 10),
Cynara cardunculus (v. 15), Galactites tomentosa (v. 7, 15),
Carduus (Silybum) marianus (v. 7), pycnocephalus (v. 20),
pteracanthus (v. 10, 13), macrocephalus (v. 17, 18), Scoly-
mus hispanicus (vi. 14), Sonchus tenerrimus (v. 8, 14, 20;
vi. 1), Crepis taraxacifolia (v. 21, 22), clausonis (xi. 2).
Boraginex ; Anchusa italica (v. 19, 28; vi. 12); Echium
italicum (v. 22, 29; vi. 16). Solanex ; Solanum nigrum
(x. 1). Scrophularinee ; Antirrhinum majus (v.17). La-
biatz# ; Thymus lanceolatus, var. Kabylicus (vi. 11); Salvia
patula (vi. 12). Zhymelee; Daphne gnidium (vy. 5; x. 4).
520 Mr. Edward Saunders on
At altitudes of over 2000 feet and under 4260 feet :—
Caryophyllex ; Alsine procumbens (vi. 15). Crassulacee ;
Sedum ceruleum (v. 13,16). Umbellifere ; Ferula com-
munis (v. 14, 20, 22; vi. 11); sulcata [scabra] (vi. 2, 28) ;
Thapsia garganica (v. 22, 28, 30). Composite ; Centaurea
pullata (v. 13), calcitrapa (vi. 11); Carthamus helenoides
(vi. 11); Onopordon macracanthum (vi. 11, 14); Carduus
macrocephalus (v. 28); Hypocheeris glabra, var. loiseleuri-
ana (v. 10, 18, 14). Oleinex ; Phillyrea media (vi. 28).
Convolvulacex ; Convolvulus lneatus (v. 10), tricolor (v. 18,
14), Boraginex; Echium italicum (v. 21). Labiate ;
Marrubium vulgare (v. 21, 29), Alysson (v. 22; vi. 15);
Phlomis Herbaventi (v. 16, 19); Stachys circinata (v. 22;
pies
Bone (Nov. 4th to 7th, 1893; Nov. 20th to June 11th,
1895, and again from July 3lst to Nov. 8rd, 1896; and
July 25th to August 25th, 1897).— With the exception of
the outskirts of Bugeaud (at altitude of about 2750 feet ;
Feb. 17th), on Mt. Edough, a site on the slopes of one
of its spurs named El Ourida (about 1100 feet; May 11th),
and the saddle between the valleys of Oued Bon Zen and
Oued Guerbecke (about 1750 feet; May 11th) in that
direction, the localities referred to in the neighbourhood of
Bone do not exceed 600 feet in altitude, and most of them
are quite on low ground.
Subsidiary sites—Along the coast, from Cap de Garde
to the mouth of Bou Kamira, beyond the Seybouse :—Fort
des Genois, the plages Chapuis and Luquin, with Oued
Kouba, along the Route de la Corniche; the Jewish cemetery
and hill behind the Kasba, near the Porte des Caroubiers ;
the Abattoir; Rocher du Lion, the Boulevard des Casernes
and the road beneath, along the port. The Pepiniere,
Régie de Tabac, French cemetery and hill behind it. To the
north of the town. The Jardin Randon and Faubourg St.
Antoine, and onwards up the Route de Bugeaud and
the neighbouring slopes and mountain spur to about the
fourth kilometre. To the north-west:—the Porte and Plaine
des Karézas, Asile des Vieillards, the Aqueduc above this
(altitude about 600 feet); the Orphelinat, Ruiseau de
YAune, Oued Deb, Oued Makine, Djebel Bou Kanta,
Moslem cemetery, Route des Karézas and Oued Bou
Djema, to the westward. The Route de la Calle, Bone-
Guelma railway, Aine Mokra railway, Hippdne, bridge over
the Seybouse near Usine Talbot, and Ferme Larcombe,
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 521
to the southward :—the railway terminus and shore of
the estuary of the Seybouse. |
Oued Bou Sba (June 6th), and St. Joseph, Beni Salah
(altitude 750 feet; March 28th to 30th), are some miles
distant on the Bone-Guelma railway.
Plants cited—Crucifere ; Diplotaxis sp., or Brassica
(Sinapis) nigra (iv. 6, 80; v. 2);Koniga (Alysson) maritima
(xi. 31; 1.4). Zamariscinee ; Tamarix (vi. 26, 29; vii.
18; ix. 7). Geraniacex ; Erodium sp.—(iv. 9). Legumi-
nose; Ononis natrix, var. ramosissima (vii. 21);
Lotus prostratus (iv. 9). osacew; Rubus discolor
Geeeeds vi. 11-13, 17, 21). Lythracex; Lythrum
salicaria (vill. 10). Umbellifere ; Eryngium tricuspidatum
(viii. 6, 17); Ammi majus (viii. 8), visnaga (vii. 10, 18);
Daucus gummifer (viii. 8, 17), gracilis (vii. 13). Dipsacex ;
Scabiosa sp.—(vii. 10), ruteefolia (v.26). Compositz; Bellis
sylvestris (i. 17); Aster of horticulture (xi. 10); Inula
viscosa (xi. 4), crithmoides (vill. 24; xii. 28, 31); Senecio
sp.—(ix. 10), leucanthemifolius (ii. 17, 26; ii. 4, 11, 28);
Carlina racemosa (vii. 13); Atractylis gummifera (vill.
17); Centaurea sp.—(vii. 31; viii. 2); Scolymus hispanicus
(vii. 10, 22); Chondrilla juncea (vill. 22); Crepis taraxa-
cifolia (av. 20), clausonis (xu. 31). <Asclepiadex ; Cynan-
chum acutum (vii. 17-20, 23). Convolvulacexw ; Convol-
vulus althzoides (iv. 30). oraginex ; Borago officinalis
Gui. 16; iv.6); Alkanna tinctoria (ii. 4); Echium italicum
(ui. 16; iv. 6; Cerinthe aspera (iii. 16, 17, 22; iv. 6); [C.
oranensis, by the mouth of the Seybouse, did not appear
to be visited by bees.] Labiate ; Lavandula stcechas (111.
22; v.9,11); Mentha rotundifolia (vi. 6,10). Verbenaceex ;
Verbena officinalis (vi. 22). Plwmbaginex ; Statice limo-
nium (vill. 30; ix. 2). Chenopodiacee ; Salsola kali (vii.
19, 28). Huphorbiacee ; Euphorbia helioscopia (i. 16;
v. 4), paralias (vii. 31 [1896 and 1897]; vii. 5, 7, 21, 28;
ix. 7); Chrozophora tinctoria (vii. 3,11). Palmez; Cha-
meerops humilis (1. 24). Liliacew; Asphodelus microcarpus
G. 24; 11.17, 26). Juncex; Juncus acutus (viii. 21, 25).
The Route de la Calle from Boéne passes the Lac des
Oiseaux (altitude 19 feet) near Blandan (vi. 15), Le Tarf
(altitude about 90 feet), and Lac Houbiera (altitude under
100 feet) in going to La Calle.
Le Tarf (vi. 16-29; vii. 2 and 23-27).—Altitudes not
exceeding 130 feet, mostly much lower. Cultures chiefly
cereals; vines on a relatively small scale. The woods on
522 Mr. Edward Saunders on
higher ground seemed to have been set on fire some time
previously.
Subsidiary places and sites—Coming from Blandan to le
Guergour, south of the river Oued-el-Kebir; Krélidge
Zaora ; Douar des Spahis. North of the river—Aine Kriar
and source of Cha. Demenet-el-Lil ; Djebel Ouast.
Plants cited.— Umbellifere ; Ammi majus (vi. 27; vii. 26,
27); Foeniculum vulgare (vi. 27; vii. 24-27); Daucus
muricatus (vi. 17, 27). Composite ; Centaurea napifolia
(vi. 17); Cynara cardunculus (vi. 27, 28; vil. 28-25);
Scolymus grandiflorus (v1.17, 19). Scrophularinee; Linaria —
reticulata (vi. 22). Labiate ; Mentha rotundifolia (vii. 25).
Verbenacex ; Verbena officinalis (vil. 24).
La Calle, by the sea.—Collected a mile or two in both
directions along the precincts of the shore, and at altitudes
of under 300 feet along roads (vi. 30 to vii. 1 and vii. 4-19).
Subsidiary localities and sites.—Kast side of Lac Houbeira
(not exceeding altitude of 600 feet; vii. 3) and the part near
Bou Merchen (vii. 11). West side of Lac Tonga (altitude
under nine feet; vil. 13) and near El Ma Izil and the base
of Koudia Deidei (altitude not exceeding 85 feet; vii. 16);
mines of Kef Oum Teboul, by the conduit (vu. 16).
Plants cited.—Ranunculacee ; Delphinium peregrinum
(vii. 1, 8). Umbellifere ; Thapsia polygama (vii. 19);
Daucus sp.—(vii. 9). Dipsacew ; Scabiosa rutzefolia (vil.
18,19). Composite ; Ormenis mixta (v1. 30). Boraginex ;
Kchium sp.—(vu. 9). Zubiate; Mentha rotundifolia (vii. 9).
A branch of the Route de Tabarka from La Calle leads
to Aine Draham (vii. 20-22) on the Tunisian frontier.
Altitude about 2624 feet.
Plants cited.—Compositz ; Centaurea tagana (vii. 22) on
the west slope of Djebel Bir; and C. melitensis (vil. 20).
The Bone-Guelma railway is prolonged to Tunis (xi1.
4-21).
Subsidiary localities and sites—Jardin Bone-Guelma, at
the railway-station; cemetery of Sidi bel Hassen; border
of the salt lake Sebkha-el-Seldjouni; Bordj Felfel; Route
de Bardo; Byrsa and the amphitheatre; Malka Car-
thage.
Biskra is easily reached in a day by rail from Philippe-
ville or Constantine. The Fontaine Chaude of June 5th,
1893 is a station between El Guerrah and Batna.
Biskra (May 17th to June 4th, 1893; January 16th, 1894
to June 5th, November 24th to 26th, and December 19th
ae
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 523
to May 3rd, 1895; and November 25th, 1896 to July
22nd, 1897). Altitude about 360 feet. From the end of
November until the end of January scarcely a bee is to
be seen. Spring opens in February; Acanthyllis traga-
canthoides amongst the stony wastes ; Moricandia on allu-
vial soil of finer texture in the outskirts of the oasis and
on the hills; and within the range of irrigation, on pastures
amongst the gardens and palms, herbaceous Leguminosx
and Composite provide attractions to Aculeate hymenop-
tera. Species of Tamarix in the neighbourhood of the
river and in gardens blossom irregularly from the end of
March onwards, and demand much attention during April,
when also Peganum harmala, a roadside plant, yields some
interesting insects. Then Zizyphus lotus gives much em-
ployment to the net-man well on into May, growing
amongst the stony wastes and along the borders of the
river valley. After that, from the middle of May onwards
into July, Ammi visnaga, a white-flowered umbelliferous
weed on the drier parts of irrigated land, is enough to
monopolize the whole attention of the most assiduous
Hymenopterist, although there are many small plants on
the stony wastes to be ranged over.
Subsidiary sites and places—Fort St. Germains, adjoin-
ing the main conduit and the public gardens opposite the
railway-station; a smaller garden near the market-place
and school; Route de Sidi Okba, passing the village Negre
near Jardin Landon on the near side of the river-bed, Oued
Biskra; Route de Tougourt, passing the M’zabite and
Moslem cemeteries, vieux Biskra and the outlying oasis
of Cora, and passing to the right of M’cid on either side
are mule-tracks amongst the enclosures and palms. Route
des Zibans, towards the south-west, leading through the
area of irrigation exterior to the palm-groves, past a Mara-
bout-tomb to the dunes near the Sources d’Oumach; Pare
de Beni Mora and the rocky ridge (with a rifle-range at its
north base), interrupted in two or three places, extending to
and beyond the Montagne de Sable. The tram-line and road
to the hot baths, Hammam es Salahin, a nulla or donga
between them and Beni Mora; the stream from the Ham-
mam, the sand-hills west of the stream, an extinct source
in the form of a crater-shaped hill and another near this
(a circular reed-fringed pond) known as the Petit Lac, and
the ridge in the background that attains in that neigh-
bourhood a height of about 1600 feet. The Route de Stora
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 35
524 Mr. Edward Saunders on
that passes through the stony wastes and low hills (koudia)
north of the oasis, and crosses by the Col de Sfa the higher
ridge, Djebel-bou-Ghezala, previously alluded to. The old
race-course, French and Jewish cemetery, railway to Con-:
stantine as far as kilometre 198, and the neighbouring kou-
dias or hills and stony wastes, north and north-east of the
town; the pastures and Maltese palm-garden between the
railway and the river above the barrage, about kilométre
199 to 198, and the borders of the river, Oued Biskra
amongst Tamarix scrub thereabouts ; the hill with Bordj
Turcvieux upon it, by railway kilometre 200, commanding
the barrage; and a brick-kiln by the conduit or sakia be-
tween the barrage and Fort St. Germain. The border
of the river and the Arab douar on the further side from
Biskra, and some flat-topped hills beyond thats
Plants cited.—Crucifere ; Raphanus sativus (iil. 3);
Neslia pauciovulata (v. 12); Brassica napus (ii. 27; 1.
3); Diplotaxis pendula (11. 26; 11. 1, 13, 30; iv. 14);
Moricandia cinerea (ii. 16, 17; i. 10) and arvensis (ii.
10-17, 25, 26 and iv. 22). Capparidex ; Cleome arabica
Qi. 8). Resedacex; Reseda sp.—(iu. 21). Frankeniaceer ;
Frankenia hirsuta (v. 15,20). Zygophyllex ; Zygophyllum
cornutum (ii. 10,12; ii. 20; iv. 18); Peganum harmala
(iv. 3-26; v. 3); Nitraria tridentata (iv. 25, 27; v. 11, 25).
Rhamnex ; Zizyphus lotus (iv. 25 to v. 22). Leguminose ;
Retama retam (ii. 15); Ononis angustissima (ili. 28); Me-
lilotus messanensis (ii. 15); Medicago lappacea (iil. 12); _
Acanthyllis tragacanthoides (1. 27—i. 24); Hedysarum
carnosum (iv. 9, 18). ZYamariscinewx; Tamarix brachy-
stylis, etc. (iil. 283—v. 14). Umbellifere ; Eryngium ilici-
folium (vii. 18); Ammi visnaga (v. 10—vii. 8); Deverra
chlorantha (v. 10—vi. 3), scoparia (xi. 26; i. 14; v. 22—
vi. 4); Ferula vesceritensis (ii. 17 (2), 25; iv. 5, 15—the ~
flowers seldom visited for honey, except by ants and Dip-
tera). Composite ; Perideria fuscata (il. 4-238; v. 7); Ca-
lendula sp.—(ii. 8, 15); Echinops spinosus (iv. 25—v. 10);
Atractylis serratuloides (iv. 30—v. 18); Centaurea sp.—
(v. 3); Amberboa Lippii (iil. 27—iv. 13); Carduus sp.—
(v. 7, 18); Hypocheeris glabra (iv. 27); Leontodon (kalb-
fusia) mulleri (iv. 15); Sonchus maritimus (iv. 3-13); Pi-
cridium vulgare (iv. 11, 13), tingitanum (iv. 3, 12); Crepis
taraxacifolia (iv. 13; v. 7). Asclepiadex ; Deemia cordata,
Pterocheilus (black) at rest on (ii. 14). Boraginee ; Echium
humile (iv. 11, 12; v. 15); Echiochilon fruticosum (iii. 28).
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 525
Solanex ; Lycium afrum (11.6). Scrophularinex ; [Scrophu-
laria saharze did not appear to be attractive to anything, at
the end of March near the Montagne de Sable, on the north
slope of the rocky ridge;] Antirrhinum ramosissimum (111.28
—y. 26); Linaria fruticosa (v. 28). Labiatx ; Teucrium po-
lium (v. 26, 28). Plumbaginee ; Limoniastrum guyoni-
anum (iv. 13—-v. 6); [L. feei seemed unattractive ;] Statice
pruinosa (v. 24). Polygonex ; Polygonum aviculare (v1.
30); Caligonum comosum (111. 28). Chenopodiacee ; Suseda
vermiculata (ill. 27; v. 3); Salsola tetragona (ili. 25).
Thymelex ; Thymelza microphylla Gav. 28). Huphorbi-
acex ; Kuphorbia guyoniana (111. 17—iv. 27). Graminee ;
Cynodon dactylon (iv. 18); Adlurops litoralis (iv. 9), mdi-
cating favourable sites for certain small Fossores.
Only three of the species of Terrestrial isopod crustacea
(wood-lice) commonly associated with ants were obtained
from ants’ nests.
Porcellio pallidus, B.—L.: Tizi Ouzou (xi. 8*, 10, 11)
with Aphznogaster barbara on Djebel-el-Beloua, at about
230 feet altitude, and by Oued-en-Nadje; Constantine (x.
25) a little below the cavalry barracks on the Mansoura ;
and Bone (xi. 14*, 17” and 24) beside the Route de Karézas
near Hippone on the opposite side of Bou Djemma, and
beyond Plage Chapuis along the road to Cap de Garde.
Also with Myrmecocystus viaticus along this last road
(g2i."' 13):
Leptotrichus panzerii, Aud. and Sav.: Bone (xi. 18) with
M. viaticus and (14* and 17°) with A. barbara in the same
places as P. pallidus. Tunis (xi. 12 and 15) at the border
of Sebka-el-Seldjoumi and near Bordj Felfel—probably
with A. barbara.
Platyarthrus Schobli, B.—L.: Bone with A. barbara, on
the Plaine des Karézas (xi. 6) and associated with Cremas-
togaster Auberti, between Plage Chapuis and Cap de Garde
(xi. 24). Biskra (i. 18 and 21) with A. barbara near the
Douar Arabe across the river, and with this species and
Tapinoma erratica by the main road to Vieux Biskra, in an
enclosure near the M’zabite cemetery. It also occurs on
fallows near the Route des Zibans, in favourable weather.
CAMPONOTUS MACULATUS, Fab., race dichrous, Forel.
§ € and 6 major and minor. Under a stone north
of Beni Mora on the hills of the desert, 17.
1.94. A. K.E.
526 Mr. Edward Saunders on
Biskra, 30. v. 98
Alger, 28. iii oat Eevee
CAMPONOTUS MACULATUS, Fab., race atlantis, Forel.
6. Fontaine Chaude, near Biskra, under a stone.
Only one nest seen, 29. 11. 94. “The ant is
the colour of a common termite.” A. E. E.
CAMPONOTUS MACULATUS, Fab., race sylvaticus, Oliv.
g 9. Near Azazga (taken incopula). Altitude 1900
feet, 13. 1x. 93. A. EE.
CAMPONOTUS RUFOGLAUOUS, Jerdon, race micans, Nyl.
5. Biskra; under a stone, 26.11.94. A. E. E.
&. Médéa; hill to the north. Altitude 3000 feet,
2/.v1. 98. A. EH. HE.
3. Philippeville, 20. vi. 98. F.D.M. —
CAMPONOTUS SICHELII, Mayr.
¢ 9. El Biar, beneath a stone under trees, 18. 11. 93.
A. EK. E.
MYRMECOCYSTUS VIATICUS, Fab.
é¢9. Biskra, four males apparently asleep among
the leaves of Ammz visnaga, 30. v.93. <A. E. E.
22. Constantine, 16. vi. 94. A. E. E.
6. Alger, 28. i, 98. F. D. ML
®. Biskra, 11. v. 98. “These ants when on the
ground run about with their wings nearly erect.”
A.E. E.
© 1. Le Tarf, 20. v1.96. A:E.E.
MYRMECOCYSTUS ALBICANS, Rog., race viaticoides, André,
« 21. Biskra, 4. va.,93, As HH.
6 1,. Biskra, 7. v.98: F. DBL
MYRMECOCYSTUS BOMBYCINUS, Rog.
& 23 major and minor. Biskra on the Dunes, some
very fine examples of the Soldier form, May
1893 and 1894—“18.v.93.—found several nests,
two containing pups. The sand is apt to fall in
and efface the entrance, and then a party of .
ants may be seen collected together scraping
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 527
away and kicking out the sand to re-establish
communications with thecommunity. A valiant
species. When the nest 1s hacked up with the
hoe they sally to bite you ten or twelve yards
from the nest.” A. E. E.
&. Biskra, 11. v.98. F.D. M.
PLAGIOLEPIS PYGMA&A, Latr.
gf and 9. Biskra, 28. v.94. A. E. E.
e alger, 26. 11. 98:,-5. iv. 98.. FE, DM.
BoOTHRIOMYRMEX MERIDIONALIS, Rog.,race atlantis, Forel.
g 9. Pointe Pescade, under a stone, 13. 1. 93.
A. E. E.
Two or three examples have the terminal joint of the
antennz concave on one side, which gives it a most
peculiar character. Prof. Forel tells me this peculiarity
is of common occurrence in this species.
DORYLUS JUVENCULUS, Shuck.
g. Biskra, at light, 24. iv. 95. A. E. E.
e. -Aloer FE, D, M.
TETRAMORIUM CASPITUM, Linn.
ao. Biskra, 12, 1..94. 10. ¥, 04. A. H. E.
LEPTOTHORAX ANGUSTULA, Ny].
9. Alger, in bramble stems, 26. i. 98. F. D. M.
MONOMORIUM SALOMONIS, Linn.
: 2 9. Biskra, nests in sandy soil and under stones,
22,1, 94, 27. 11. 94, A. HK. EH.
MONOMORIUM SUBOPACUM, Sm.
6. Alger, 28. 11.95. F. D, M.
APHEXNOGASTER BARBARA, Linn.
$¢9. Biskra, near Alger, 14 and 24. i. 93., 8. 11.
94. A. KE. E.
APHANOGASTER TESTACEOPILOSA, Luc.
&. Alger, 26..11..98.. F.D. M.
528 Mr. Edward Saunders on
PHEIDOLE MEGACEPHALA, Fab.
2 9 minor. Fontaine Chaude on the Dunes, 9. v. 94,
A. E. E.
© minor. Alger, i. 98. F.D. M.
SOLENOPSIS ORBULA, Em.
9. Biskra, flying, 10.12.94. ~ATHO RE.
CREMASTOGASTER AUBERTI, Em., race lestrygon, Em.
5. Bone, 24. xi. 93. “ Associate of Leptotrichus
panzer, Platyarthrus schobluw and Porcellio
pallidus.” A. K. E.
Ge Alger 15.10: 98." PFDs.
CREMASTOGASTER SORDIDULA, Nyl.
3g 2. Constantine, autumn, 1894.
MoutTILLa (Myrmilia) cAPITata, Luc.
2 2. Biskra, 29. v. 94., 3. v.95. A.H.E. Alger, 25. iv.
98. F.D.M. Constantine, 15. v1.98. F.D.M.
Mutitua (Yyrmilla) DoRSATA, Fab.
9. Aine Draham (Tunisie), 21. vi. 96. A. HE. E.
Ditto, var. excoriata, Lep.
2. Biskra, 29. v. 94. A. E. E.
). dleer 29. ay, 0S. Fa.
. Constantine, 15. vi. 98. F. D. M.
[Smith.
®. Very dark. Hussein Dey, 4. iv.93. A.E.E.
Alger (Common). April ’98. F.D.M.
2. Bone, 6. ili. 96. “Common in the district.”
A. BE
y
rc
MutTILia (Myrmilla) BIPUNCTATA, Latr. = bituberculata, |
MUTILLA (Sens Strict) BARBARA, Linn.
2 1. Much rubbed, Médéa, 17. vii. 938. A. E. E.
2 1. Small, Le Tarf, 24. vi.96. A. E.E.
Ditto, var. decoratifrons, Cost.
? 1. Alger, 29. iv..98... FD. AL
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 529
MUuTILLA PUNCTATA, Latr.
92. Alger, 22. iv. 98. F.D.M.
MUTILLA MAROCCANA, Oliv. = hameralis, Rad.
g. Médéa. Koudia Sma on Daucus carota, 8. vu.
93. A. E.E.
a9. Biskra, 2: -vi.98. FF. D. M.
9. Constantine On M’cid, 17. x1. 94. A. E. E.
MUTILLA contTiInuA, Klug.
9. Biskra, 1 specimen. Foot of the first part of
the ridge beyond Beni Mora, 2. vi. 94, A. HK. E,
MUTILLA TUNENSIS.
2, Azazga, (.1x.93. A. EE.
MUTILLA MONTANA, Panz. = subcomata, Wesm.
g. Biskra, 8 specimens. Visiting larval Hemiptera
on Thymelea microphylla, 28. iv. 95. A. EH. E.
1-9; Alger, 19. iv..98.. F. D: M.
9. Biskra, Hippone, iii. and iv., 95, 96,97. A. E. E.
The $ specimens vary exceedingly in colour. One has
the entire thorax and the base of the abdomen red, a second
the entire thorax only, a third the pro- and meso-thorax
exclusive of the scutellum, a fourth the pro- and meso-
thorax including the scutellum, a fifth the meso-thorax and
propodeum only, a sixth the pronotum and scutellum only;
in fact, every possible variation in colour seems liable to
occur. The form of the propodeum appears to vary consider-
ably, but in all the 2nd abdomimal segment is much wider
than in rufipes, its near ally.
I have followed André (Synops Mutill., France, 2nd Ed.,
p-. 35) in considering swbcomata as only a small variety of
the 2 of this species. In one of the specimens the petiole
of the body is pale testaceous, the pale colour running
under the silvery spot of the basal segment. This variety,
however, seems to me to agree with that of the first g
variety, which has the base of the abdomen red.
MUTILLA UNCINATA, Luc.
9. 1 specimen, Constantine, 22.x.95, A. E. E.
530 Mr. Edward Saunders on
MuTILLA (Dasylabris) ARENARIA, Fab.
d. 3 from Bone, 2 found at a Chermes (?) in com-
pany with ants, 7. 1x. 96. <A. E.E.
gd. Variety with propodeum red. Evidently a tran-
sitional form between arenaria and var. maura.
2 Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 22. vi. 97. A.E. E.
3 Biskra, 30. v. 98 and 2. vi. 98. F.D.M.
9 1. Bone, 9. 1x. 96. A.E. E.
1 Hussein Dey, 4. iv. 93. A. HE. E.
1 Pointe Pescade, near Algiers, 10. v.93. A. E. E.
Ditto, var. Maura.
® 3. Biskra, 23. ui. 94. 4. vi. 94; 28. iv. 73m
A. E. E.
® 3. Biskra, 9 and 11. v. 98. F. D. M.
MotTILua (Dasylabris) 1TALICA, Fab. = regalis, Fab.
g 1. Pointe Pescade, near Algiers, 10. v.93. A. E.E.
1. Le Tarf, on Umbellifere, 27. vi. 96. A. HE. E.
2 3. ‘Biskra; 31. v. 93.;.5. vi. 94., 21.4. 95. “ie
captured on the last date “crepitated loudly -
when chased.” A. E. E.
® 3. Biskra, 11. 12. 19. v. 98. - F. D. M.
Ditto, var. rubrosignata, Rad.
g 1. Biskra, visiting larval Hemiptera on Thymelxa
microphylla, 28.1v.95. A. EH. EH.
oA. Biskrs, 28. ¥. 95. F. D. WE
MUTILLA (Dasylabris) OLIVIERI, Sich. Rad.
g 8. Biskra, 3 on Ammi visnaga, 5 on Lizyphus
lotus in April and May, 98, 95,97. <A. EH. E.
418. Biskra, 16. 27. v.98. F.D.M. The bica-
rinated 2nd ventral segment is a very marked
characteristic of this ~¢.
MUTILLA (Stenomutilla) ARGENTATA, Vill., = hottentota,
[ Fab.
g 1. Aine Draham Tunisie, 21. vii. 96. A. E. E.
2. Alger, 1. and iv. 98. F. D. M.
1. Biskra, 2. vi. 98. F.D.M.
2 4, Biskra, on the prowl between 4 and 5 P.M,
Hymenoptera actsleata collected in Algeria. 5381
21. viii. 93., 6. iii. and 18.1. 95. A.E.E. One
seen entering the burrow of Anthophora fulvi-
tarsis, 17. iv. 94. A. KE. E.
5. Aloer. F.D.M.
MYRMOSA EPHIPPIUM, Rossi.
f 6. Le Tarf, on Feniculum, 24. 26. vii. 96. A. E. E,
MYRMOSA FRATER, E. Saund. E.M.M., xxxv., p. 283.
g 12. Le Tarf, on Faniculum. <A. E. E.
APTEROGYNA OLIVIERI, Klug.
g 4. Biskra, visiting larval Hemiptera on Thymelea
microphylla, i.v. 95. A. EH. HE.
f1. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 29. v. 97. A. E. E.
g 2, 26. Biskra, v. and vi. 95-98. A. E. E. and
iB DoM.
APTEROGYNA Pici, André.
¢ 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 28. v. and 7. vi. 97.
A. EH. E.
a5. Biskra;30. v. to 8: vi. 98. F. D-M.
Two of Mr. Morice’s specimens have the propodeum
more or less red, which suggests that it might possibly
vary to a coloration similar to that of Olivierr. The
almost obsolete tooth on the intermediate trochanters and
the shorter apical process of the stipites of the armature
will distinguish it in any of its varieties.
MyZIngE, Latr.
Fifty-two species of this genus are already recorded from
the Palearctic region, but notwithstanding this Mr. Eaton
has, I believe, succeeded in discovering two distinctly new
ones, and Mr. Morice one. In order to ascertain whether
these were really undescribed I have taken some trouble
to analyze the genus, and to get the species more or less
together into groups. I have no doubt that many will
prove to be varieties of each other. Radozkowski, Hor.
Soc. Ent. Ross., xx, p. 36, expresses the opinion that only
two species exist in the Mediterranean fauna, and that the
rest are all varieties arising from crossing between these.
Even this may possibly be true, but some of them are at
any rate easily distinguished structurally, and that being
the case I think it is better to treat them as distinct until
532 Mr. Edward Saunders on
intervening forms are discovered. Mr. Eaton has taken
seven species and Mr. Morice six.
MYZINE TRIPUNCTATA, Rossi.
£1. Bone, 10. vie-O7e ASE. i.
MYZINE GUERINII, Luc. = latifasciata, Palm.
¢ 2. Médéa still north of the railway-station, on
Eryngium triquetrum, 29. vi. 93. A. HE. EE.
fi. Hippone, on Ammi visnaga, 10. vii, 96.
A. E. E.
21. Biskra, 12. v.97. A. HE. E.
¢ 6. Biskra, v.98. D.D.M.
g 2. Biskra, 4-30. v. 98. F.D.M.
Ditto, var. cercerigastra, Grib. (2).
21. Biskra, 30. iv. 98. <A. E. E.
MYZINE LATA, n. sp.
¢ 3. M. Guerinii affinis, abdominis segmento primo minus trans-
verso, segmentis (basalibus plus minus rufo pens fasclis continuis
colore dilutiore vel flavo ornatis.
2 Albido pilosa, capite et thorace nigris, prothorace rufo vel flavo
picto, abdomine pedibusque testaceis, pilis horum albidis.
¢ in size and general contour like Guerinii, Luc., but with the
antennee rather shorter and less robust, the yellow colour of the
thorax more extensive, the pronotum often being entirely yellow,
head and thorax clothed with bright silvery hairs, clypeus and
mandibles yellow, the latter brown at the apex, wings quite clear,
nervures brown, costa and stigma testaceous, radial cell elongate and
pointed as in Gwerinti, abdomen yellow with the bands of the basal
segments narrowly ferrugineous, their ground colour also often
tending to that coloration. In all the specimens however which I
have seen, some of the segments towards the apex have the bands
black, as in the majority of other species, and in one specimen all the
bands are black. It can only be distinguished from Guerinii by the
denser silvery-white hairing of the thorax, the slighter antenne and
the different form of the 1st abdominal segment. This last in all the
specimens is less transverse and more globose than in Guerinii, the
puncturation of the abdomen is finer and more remote, and the
stipites of the armature are truncate at the apex, and much less hairy
along the inner margin.
L. 15-16 m.m.
7
Dy
’
fe
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 533
2 differs from the allied species in being clothed very sparsely
with long silvery hairs, and in having the prothorax longer, and more
gradually tapering towards the head, testaceous-brown with a darker
transverse central band, and often with an ivory-white lateral spot ;
in one instance this spot spreads almost on to the disc, and the dark
transverse band is broken up into 3 spots; mesonotum and pro-
podeum black, very shining, wings hyaline, nervures clear rufotesta-
ceous, abdomen and legs entirely clear rufotestaceous, the former with
lateral ivory-white spots on the 1st to the 5th segments.
Long. 10-11 m.m.
¢ 4. Biskra, on flowers of Zizyphus lotus, 30. iv. 95 and
24. 5.97. Colour of eyes in life black or brown-black.
A. E. E.
g1. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 10. vi. 97. A. E. E.
fete biskra, 19, v.97. A. Ei. E.
g 3, 2 7. Biskra end of May and early June. F.D.M.
Since this description was written Monsieur Vachal has
~ described a species under the name of Martini, Ann. Soc.
Fr., 1899, p. 538, which may possibly be the same as the
above, but the coloration does not agree, and in his species
the 2nd submarginal cell in the 2 is absent whereas it is
present in mine.
MYyZINE, sp. (?). sie:
é 1 Biskra, on Ammzi visnaga, 10. vi. 97. A. E.E.
I cannot refer this for certain to any species I know,
and from a single ¢ I do not like to describe it as new.
It is closely allied to tripunctata, Ross., but smaller and
the puncturation more scattered ; Polita, Tourn., the type
of which I have seen, and Anceps, Gribodo, are also both
closely allied, but with neither does it seem to agree
exactly.
MYZINE FASCICULATA, 2. sp.
d Nigra, flavo variegata, antennis rufopiceis, abdominis segmentis
valde aad sparsim punctatis ad basin constrictis, peat ad latera
et subtus dense fimbriatis.
¢ Head and thorax black, shining, clothed with pale hairs, largely
punctured ; antenne reddish-brown, rather slender, clypeus (in part
or altogether) and mandibles pale yellow, pronotum largely punctured
with a spot on each side of the anterior margin, which sometimes
unite into a continuous band, and a wide band just in front of the
submembranous posterior margin, and the tegulz pale yellow. Wings
534 Mr. Edward Saunders on
slightly infuscate, radial cell pointed. Abdomen very shining,
black, with very large and remote punctures, the posterior margins of
the first six segments with a pale yellow band, sometimes broken into
2 lateral spots and a central line. Seventh segment sharply bidentate,
largely and closely punctured, all the segments at the sides with a
fimbria of rather stiff golden hairs, which project at the sides, giving
the angle of the segment a fasciculated appearance ; beneath black,
segments rather finely punctured and somewhat dull at the base,
shining and very largely punctured at the apex which bears a
fimbria of fine golden hairs. Eighth segment with a curved central
process. Legs with the femora black, except at the extreme apex,
tibiz and tarsi pale, the former more or less marked with black on
their inner side.
Long. 8-11 m.m.
In one specimen taken by Mr. Eaton the neuration of
the wings differs greatly from that of all the others in
having the radial cell subtruncate, the 3rd submarginal
longer with all its angles almost rectangular, and emitting
a nervure from its upper external angle. As the neuration
in the 2 wings does not exactly agree I feel convinced
that this is merely an occasional sport.
g¢ 1. Biskra, on a tree with blue flowers in the Jardin,
26. v.93. A. HE. E.
gf 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 28. v. 97., 24. v. 93.
A. E. E.
gf 1. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 3. v.95. A. EH. E.
d8. Biskra, 14. -v; to 2. vi. 98.) FD. M.
MYZINE ROUSSELII, Gueér.
¢ 6. Le Tarf, on Faeniculum vulgare, 25-27. vu. 96.
A. E. E.
@ 3: Biskra, 14-28. ¥. 98. F.D. M-
MYZINE HISPANICA, Guér.
g 2. Bone along the sea-shore, 31. vil. and 3. 1x. 96.
A. E. E.
¢ 1. Bone,on Luphorbia paralias, 21. vii.97. A. E.E.
MYZINE LACTEIPENNIS, n. sp.
Nigra, capite et thorace albido pilosis, prothoracis margine postico
macula que laterali antica flavis, alis lacteo-hyalinis, venis subhyalinis ;
abdomine nitido parce punctato, segmentis transversis vix constrictis
fasciis flavis bis interruptis ornatis.
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 585
In form resembling the species with the wider abdominal segments,
such as hispanica, rousselii, etc. Head and thorax black clothed with
white hairs, mandibles flavous, antenne black, rather slender, pro-
notum with a band on its posterior margin, and a large spot on each
side in front yellow, femora black, yellow at the apex, tibiz and
tarsi pale, the former with a black line on its inner side, wings
hyaline, nervures scarcely darker ; abdomen black, the segments
scarcely constricted at the base, rather finely and remotely punctured
on the disc, more closely on the sides, apical bands pale yellow,
narrow, deeply bisinuate, so as to be almost interrupted ; apical
segment sharply bidentate ; beneath with a narrow apical band on
all the segments, their surfaces very largely and irregularly punc-
tured, 6th with its apex truncate; process of the 8th curved
upwards as in the other species.
Long.10m.m. Biskra. F. D. M.
MYZINE, sp. (?).
®. Four 2? taken by Mr. Morice at Biskra differ from
the 2 of Guwerinw, which they otherwise resemble in size
and form, in having the 3rd joint of the antenne longer
than in that species, in having the hairs on the basal joints
of the antennz and on the face above the clypeus finer and
pale instead of black, the hairs of the thorax paler, and
the wings much less infuscate; as these are doubtless the
females of one of the many described males I refrain from
giving them a name.
TIPHIA BECKERI, ‘J'ourn.
2. Bone, on Huphorbia helioscopia, 16. i111. 26.
2. Bone, visiting Diplotaxis or Sinapis nigra, 2. v. 96.
These specimens agree with Tournier’s description in
Ann. So. Belg., xxxiu, p. 9, but the species seems to be
scarcely distinguishable from morio.
ScouLia (Z'riscolia) BIDENS.
g. Algiers, on the ramparts on Silybwum marianum, 4.
iv. 93 and 19. iv. 93. A.E. E.
dé. Algiers, 18. iv. 93. A. E. E.
d, and 22. Sidi Ferruch, on Centaurea seridis, 8. v.
93. ° AEE:
6. Biskra, 24 wo 9s: A. BK. E.
9. Médéa, on Onopordon macracanthum, 26. vi. 98.
536 . Mr. Edward Saunders on
gf 2. Constantine, on Onopordon macracanthum, 11.
vi. 94 and 9. v.95. A. ELE.
g. Bone, visits Diplotaxis or Sinapis nigra, 28. iv. 96.
A. E. E.
Scouia (Discolia) MENDICA, Klug.
gf 3. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 24. v.97. A. E. E.
f 3, 2 3. Biskra, 6-27. 7.08: Bom
Scotia (Discolia) VARICOLOR, Luc.
¢ 2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 25. v.93. <A. E. E.
2. with 2 yellow spots on the 3rd abdominal segment.
ScoLiA (Discolia) INTERSTINCTA, Klug.
¢ 2. Biskra, on Zizyphus lotus, 29. iv. 95. A. E. E.
$2. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18 and 24. v. 93.
A. E..E.
f 9. near Azazga, on Hcehinops, 13 and 14. v. 93.
A. E. E.
gf 2. Médéa, on Hryngium triquetrum, 26. vi. and 10.
vil. 938. A. E. E.
d. Le Tarf, 23. vi. 96. AH, E.
2. var. with 2 spots on 2nd segment, Aine Draham
(altitude 2700-8300 feet), 21. vii. 96. A. E. E.
¢ §. Biskra, end of May. F.D.M.
g 2. Philippeville, 20. vi. 98. F.D.M.
Scoita (Discolia) MAURA, Klug.
2. 'Tizi-Ouzou, on Hchinops spinosus, 15. vi. 93.
A. E. E.
f 9. Biskra, on Echinops spinosus, 15. v1. 93. A. E. E.
g. Biskra, 28.iv.97. A. E. E.
g 4, 9 7. Biskra. F.D.M.
9. Médéa, 4. vii. 938. A. E. E.
2. Biskra, on Acanthyllis tragacanthoides, 23. v. 94.
A. E. E. :
ScoLia (Discolia) PROPODEALIS, n. sp.
Minuta, nigra immaculata, nigro hirta, alis violaceo, nigris, propodeo
micante, valde sed non creberrime punctato, abdomine in mare sub- —
sparse in femina sparsissime et subtiliter punctato. ,
This species, like all the others of the genus, has very few structural —
characters peculiar to itself, but its shining propodeum, which is —
largely but not very closely punctured in both sexes, will I think at —
—————ooo rh eres tt—~Ct™
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 587
once distinguish it from mawra. The punctures in this species are
as a rule further apart than the width of each individual puncture,
whereas in mawra and in most of the other species they are so
crowded as almost to become confluent. The abdomen also in this
species is less strongly and closely punctured than usual, the punc-
turation of that of the @ being very sparse and fine. It really
seems to me to be most closely allied to 4 punctata and dispar,
but its entirely black livery and its less close puncturation will
distinguish it from the black-winged variety of the former, and
the black hairing of the male and entirely black livery of both sexes
separate it from dispar.
Long. 10-11 m.m.
gf 3 and 2 1. Médéa, banks of the Oued-el-Harch
(altitude about 1900 feet) on Mentha rotun-
difolia, 8.45 to 10 A.M. 19. vi. 98. A.E. E.
Scotia (Discolia), sp. (2).
g. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga,10. v.97. A. E. E.
2. Biskra, on Echinops spinosus, 6. v. 97. A. E. E.
A black-winged species, the ¢ with 2 very small testa-
ceous spots on the 3rd abdominal segment, the 2 with two
spots on both the 2nd and 3rd segments. I do not. feel
sure that this may not be a dark form of interstincta, Klug.
ScoLia (Discolia) HIRTA, Schr.
&. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. v.93. A.E. E.
g. Biskra. F.D.M. Third segment only fasciated ;
4th with 2 small yellow spots.
2. Médéa, on Lryngium triquetrum. Ravines near
Md. Ben Omar (altitude 2730-3130 feet), 11.
Waites. AE. BN.
®. Médéa, on Mentha rotundifolia. Banks of the
Oued-el-Harch (altitude about 1900 feet), 10.
vu. 93. A. HE. E.
ScoLia (7'rielis) CARBONARIA, Klug.
' 9, Biskra, on the sand-hills, 26. 111.97. A. E.E.
Scotia (7'rielis) SEXMACULATA, Fab.
gf 2. La Calle, on Mentha rotundifolia, 9. vi. 96.
A. E. E.
f 4. Bone, 9. vi. to 12.1x. 96. A. E. BE.
21. Bone, on Cynanchum acutum, 17. vii. 97.
A. E.
538 Mr. Edward Saunders on
Scots (7rielis) VILLOSA, Fab.
é 5,25. Biskra, visiting Ammzi visnaga, Traganum
nudatum or Salsola tetragona, and Peganum
harmala, 4. 11. to 7. vi. A. E. E.
64,98. Biskra, 17) v. to 3. vi. 98: “2D ae
All the females are of the red-bodied form with clear
wings and a dark violaceous spot at the apex. All the
males and females have 3 submarginal cells.
Scouia (Zrielis) MORICEI, n. sp.
?. Flava, nitida, convexa, sparsim albopilosa, fortiter sed sparsim
punctata. Antennarum flagellis mandibulisque rufo testaceis, oculis,
ocellis, line& transversé impressa frontali, Thorace, linea sub-
distincta centrali, abdominis segmentis 2 et 3 macula laterali rotun-
data, minuta, 3 et 4 linea transversa apicali abbreviata nigris ;
subtus segmentorum apicibus dense et longe albociliatis, alis pellu-
cidis regione costali subflavescente nervuris testaceis pedibus, longe
albopilosis.
Pale yellow, shining, head largely and shallowly punctured, the
very sinuate eyes, the ocelli, a curved impression connecting the pos-
terior pair and a straight impression running from the anterior ocellus
joining this piceous black. A black bisinuate impression traverses the
face, its apices situated just opposite the sinus of the eyes. Flagellum
of the antenne and the mandibles, except at base of the latter, rufo-
testaceous. Apex of the scape somewhat campanulate and diagonally
truncate, so that in certain positions its lower margin appears like a
tooth. Occiput densely clothed with white hairs. Thorax very largely
punctured, the punctures very sparse on the disc of the mesonotum.
A spot on the centre of the front margin of the mesonotum, more or
less connected with a narrow stripe on the disc posteriorly, black or
piceous. Pro- and mesopleure and sterna densely punctured and
clothed with white hairs; metapleurz very shining,impunctate; meta-
sternum shining, hexagonal, remotely and finely punctured, fringed
posteriorly with white hairs; propodeum densely punctured, more
or less dull, clothed with short white hairs ; wings hyaline, more or
less yellowish towards the costa] margin, nervures testaceous, extreme
base black ; abdomen convex, sparsely clothed with short fine hairs,
rather largely and evenly, though remotely, punctured on the first
3 segments, the 4th segment smooth and shining in the centre, pune-
tured at the base and apex only; 5th segment clothed with short
golden hairs, rounded at the apex, a round spot on each side of the
2nd and 8rd segments, and a short transverse line on the apical
margin of the 8rd and 4th piceous ; beneath, shining, largely punctured,
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 539
especially at the bases and apices of the segments; legs clothed with
long white hairs, inner posterior calcaria very long, slightly dilated,
and diagonally truncate at the apex ; outer ones short, more or less
blunt.
Long. 15 m.m.
Biskra, on umbelliferous flowers. F.D.M.
Scoxia (Dielis) THORACICA.
¢ 6,921. Biskra, sand slopes on north side of ridge
backing the Mont de Sable, “ f basking on the
sand and poking about at the roots of clumps
of grass,” 15 and 19.1.95. A. EH. E.
2 t. Biskra, visiting Amberboa lippw. 11. iv. 95.
A. E. E.
92. Biskra, visiting Amm visnaga, 25. v. 97.
A. E. E.
2 Biskra, 23. v.93. A. EB. E.
21. Biskra, on Peganwm harmala, 3.v.94. A. E. E.
@1. Sidi Ferruch, near Algiers, on Centaurea
seridis, 8. v. 938. A. EH. E.
65,22. Bone; visits Inula erithmoides, or failing
that Koniga maritima, 28. xu. 95 to 3. 1. 96,
and until beginning of February if weather is
fine. A. HE. E.
: Eyes of the 2 in life indistinctly streaked with
bronze green and peacock blue. A. E. E.
fe 5, -Biskra, F) D.. M.
26. Alger, Apl. 1898. F. D. M.
ScoLiA (Dielis) cILIATA, Fab.
“2. El Biar, on E chium, 25. 11. 93. A. E. E.
91. Telergma,on Asphodelus mocrocarpus, 16. v. 93.
A. E. E.
g 3. Bone, 15. 1. and 2. 111.96. A.E.E.
Also from Constantine, Algiers, and Biskra. A. E. E.
and F. D. M.
SAPYGA EATONI, n. sp.
? Nigra, flavo variegata, subnitens, punctata, subpilosa, anten-
narum articulis intermediis latitudine longioribus, clypeo antice
bidentato, prothorace truncato angulis lateralibus rectis, abdomine
fasciis quinque flavis ornato.
% Head and thorax black, clothed with pale hairs, the former very
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 56
540 Mr. Edward Saunders on
strongly and closely punctured; face carinated between the antennee
with an inverted V-shaped mark above the carina, a spot in the
sinus of each eye, a small one behind the eye, and a broad lunate
spot at the base of the clypeus yellow ; apex of the clypeus slightly
raised and produced in the centre which is angularly emarginate,
its sides slightly sinuate; antennz with its intermediate joints
from the middle of the 3rd to that of the 7th rufescent, 3rd
and 4th joints subequal, 5th rather shorter, only slightly longer
than wide, following joints subquadrate. Thorax rather more
finely punctured than the head, anterior margin of pronotum straight,
its angles well marked and rectangular, with a large yellow
spot on each side covering the angle, but not quite meeting in
the centre of the margin, mesopleure with a spot under the
insertion of the wings, 2 small spots on the scutellum, 2
transverse spots on the post-scutellum, and 2 large spots on the
propodeum, yellow. Wings slightly smoky, external nerve of third
submarginal cell angulated below its middle, legs with the apices of
the femora, the tibiz and tarsi (except the posterior pair of the latter
which are infuscate) yellow ; abdomen with the basal segment, black,
rather more shining and coarsely punctured than the rest, 2nd to
6th regularly punctured, each a little less strongly and more finely
punctured than the preceding one, and each bearing a broad trans-
verse yellow band; that of the 2nd segment angularly emarginate
at the base, those of the 3rd and 4th entirely covering the base,
and leaving only about a 3rd of the segment black at the apex, that
of the 8th interrupted in the middle and not touching either the
base or apex, the sixth almost entirely yellow, beneath black, finely
punctured with a large lateral spot on the 3rd and 4th segments.
Long. 9 m.m.
21. on the high-road from Algiers to El Biar, 17. ii. 93.
A. E. E.
PoMPILus, Fab.
This is perhaps the most difficult of all the fossorial
genera to deal with. In the first place the number of
species described 1s somewhat appalling, being over 400
for the Palearctic region only. Of these, about 150 are
black with the base of the abdomen red, and possess in
most cases a general similarity, in colour and form, so that
small structural characters have to be relied upon to
separate them into species. Another, and one of the chief
difficulties, is that good structural characters can be easily
detected in the ¢, whereas those in the 9 are often
‘
Pea et
: =
. a.
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 541
very slight and difficult to appreciate. The males and
females are rarely taken together in such a way as to prove
their relationships, so that in separating a lot of specimens
into species one gets a residuum of females, whose dis-
tinctive characters are not strong enough to associate
them for certain with any particular males, and which one
also feels are not sufficiently well defined to describe as
distinct without knowing their other sex. This being the
case, | have been obliged to leave several apparently
distinct forms amongst the red-bodied females uncharacter-
ized, hoping that some day the discovery of their respective
males will enable their systematic positions to be satis-
factorily ascertained.
PompILus (Pseudopompilus) ANTONINI, De Stef. =
cyanopterus, Moraw.
f 2,21. Biskra, near railway, kilometre 199, on
Lizyphus lotus, 3. v.95. A. HE. E.
a 3, as 1 Biskra, 30.v./to 20. vil 97) A. EE:
ote La Calle; 19; vii. 96... A; E. KE,
PoMPILUS (Ferreola) SAGAX, Kobl.
& 2. La Calle, sand-hills west of the town, 14. vii.
96. A.E. E.
21. Médéa, wood towards Kef-el-Azeri, on Daucus
setifolvus, 2. vi. 938. A. H, E.
aoe 1, - Biskra,-20 and 19, v.98. 7 FD: M:
PoMPILUS (Planiceps) CASTOR, Kohl.
e 0 2 i Aliers, 2, iw. 4 iv. 98. F..D. M.
g. Constantine, 17. vi. 98. F. D. M.
PoMPILUS (Planiceps) HIRTIPENNIS, 0. sp.
2 Niger capite et thorace pubescentibus, aureofuscis sub-micanti-
bus, prothorace meso et metathoraci propodeoque simul sumptis
longitudine fere zquale. Alis obscuris, subbrevibus dense pilosis,
coxis femoribusque anticis valde dilatatis tarsis brevibus pectine
nullo, abdomine pube griseo-fusca subconspicua tecto.
? Black, head and thorax densely clothed with a close golden-
brown shining pile, antennze and mandibles piceous, head shaped
542 Mr. Edward Saunders on
much asin pollu« Kohl; antenne rather short,with the basal jointcom-
pressed laterally, but not so wide as in pollwx; 3rd and 4th joints
subequal, hardly twice as long as the 2nd and about double the
length of their basal width ; pronotum very flat, nearly as long aS
mesonotum and propodeum to its brow ; propleurze concave, so as to
form a distinct carina at their juncture with the pronotum ; pilose
covering of the pronotum so close as entirely to hide its surface;
mesonotum and scutellum clothed as the pronotum; clothing of the
propodeum less dense and greyer in colour, wings rather short, narrow,
front wings densely clothed with rather unusually thick hairs, apex
beyond the submarginals darker, veins wide, 2 submarginal cells,
the 2nd subtriangular, its apical nervure and that of the 3rd dis-
coidal not fully defined ; posterior wings subhyaline, anterior cox
very swollen, femora swollen, but not nearly to such an extent as in
pollwx ; tarsi short ; metatarsus rather swollen, longer than the next
3 joints together. Abdomen about as long as the thorax, clothed
with a brownish-grey pile, much as the propodeum, looking
browner or greyer according to the light; apical segment clothed
with a few semi-erect hairs.
Long. 73 m.m.
Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 23. v. 97. A. E. E.
POMPILUS BREVISCAPUS, Mor.
f 4, Biskra, 27. v. to 3. -vi. 98.." F. D. SL
POMPILUS, sp. (2).
¢ 1. Biskra, 4. vi. 98. F. D. M. A very fine
species allied to the above, but rather larger
and with red legs; the abdomen banded with
glaucous pubescence; the form of the base of
the antennz and the milky opalescent wings
are almost identical with those of breviscapus,
Mor., and galactopterus, Kohl. Mr. Morice
only met with a single male, both antennz of
which have lost their apical joints, so that I
have not thought well to describe it.
PoMPILUS SEXMACULATUS, Spin.
f 2. Biskra, 20’ and 24, v. 98. F. D. M,
PoMPILUS (Aporus) GRACILIS, Klug.
¢. Biskra, amongst Zamaria, 1. v. 97. AEE
9 2. Biskra, 9. v. 94., 5. v. 97. a
2 1 and 2. vi. 98. F.D.M. (Rather rubbed.)
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 543
The specimens which I refer to the ? of this beautiful little
species, appear to agree exactly with Klug’s figure in Symbolz
Physicx, and are easily recognizable from the other silvery-coated
species with black apical spots to the wings, by the nearly triangular
2nd submarginal cell, the inner nervure of which is quite straight,
almost as long as the posterior nervure, and is directed backwards
towards the base of the wing ; the outer nervure is much shorter,
also quite straight, and runs at right angles to the costal margin.
The apex of the cell, where these two nervures almost unite, is situated
close to the base of the marginal cell, which is short and subtri-
angular ; both the recurrent nervures of the 3rd discoidal are emitted
from the 2nd submarginal, and diverge in lines almost identical with
those of that cell, so that the 3rd discoidal looks almost like a copy
of the 2nd submarginal, except that its inner margin is angulated so
that it forms a pentagon ; in both cases, especially in that of the 3rd
discoidal, the cells look as high or higher than wide ; claws bifid on
all the legs. Amcenus, Klug, must be another closely-allied species,
so far as its neuration would suggest, but according to the figure in
the Symbolz it has no metatarsal comb on the front legs.
A single ¢ which I think no doubt belongs to the above resembles
it in coloration, only the silvery pubescence is not quite so dense,
the abdomen is dark towards the apex, and only slightly silvery
pubescent. The neuration of the wings is rather darker, and the
2nd submarginal and 3rd discoidal cells are less elongately triangular
and less similar to each other in shape, the 3rd discoidal being con-
siderably wider at the base. The antenne are black, the joints of
the flagellum from the 2nd upwards subequal, posterior margin of
the pronotum angulated as in the 9, legs testaceous, tibiee outwardly
and tarsi fuscous, posterior metatarsus as long as the two following
joints together, inner colcar of hind tibiz hardly longer than half
the metatarsus. Apical ventral valve of abdomen somewhat parallel
sided, truncate at the apex, with a central carina.
POMPILUS (Aporus) FRIESE, 0. sp.
Caput et thorax nigra, aureo-argenteo micantia, abdomen rufotes-
taceum ; flagelli articulus secundus tertio paullo longior: prothoracis
margo posticus angulatus, ale lacteo-hyaline, macula magna nigra
apicali ornate pedes rufi, unguiculis ad basin angulato-dilatatis
et seta valida prope basin dilatationis usque ad apicem extensa
armatis.
Closely allied to gracilis, Klug, with much the same coloration,
but with the abdomen and legs of a brighter, more rufescent colour,
and the head, thorax and antenne black, the two former and basal
544 Mr. Edward Saunders on
joint of the latter densely clothed with golden silvery hairs. The
2nd joint of the flagellum is only slightly longer than the 3rd,
whereas in gracilis the 2nd joint is much longer ; prothorax angu-
lately emarginate posteriorly ; anterior metatarsi with 3 spines
as in gracilis, but these are much shorter and only about half as long
as the joint which bears them, while in gracilis they are quite two-
thirdsas long. The wings are coloured much as in that species, but
the 2nd submarginal is much wider, trapeziform, its upper margin
about half as long as the lower, and its outer nervure meeting the
nervure of the radial cell near the centre of the latter, and not near
the base. Claws angularly dilated laterally at the base, with a stiff
bristle extending from near the base of the angulation almost to the
apex of the claw. This at first sight gives the claw almost the
appearance of being bifid.
Long. 9 m.m.
¢ 2. Biskra, 12 and 20, v.98... FF) D. Me.
PoMPILUS (Aporus) VACHALI, n. sp.
Capite et thorace nigris, argenteo sericeo-micantibus antennis
gracilibus, pronoto fortiter declivi postice semicirculariter emargin-
ato, in medio ipso angulato : mesonoto valde convexo, alis lacteo-
hyalinis fascia lata prope apicem nigro-fusca ornatis, cellula cubitali
secunda postice radiali longitudine equali, metatarsis anticis
spinulis tribus longis armatis, abdomine rufo, subargenteo micante,
segmentis tribus apicalibus nigris.
Head and thorax black, clothed with a brilliant silvery pile, head
small, very flat and transverse, scarcely produced beyond the eyes either
in front or behind ; clypeus slightly raised along its apical margin,
mandibles testaceous at the base ; antenne slender with the 3rd joint
very long, a third longer than the 4th; basal joint clothed with
silvery pile; pronotum very declivous, rather long, much narrowed
in front, its posterior margin semicircularly emarginate with a slight
angular incision in the centre of the emargination. Mesonotum
wide and gibbous, the post-scutellum from a lateral point of view
almost perpendicular, and the propodeum extending backwards from
a much lower level than the scutellum. The propodeum and coxe
are especially brilliant in their silvery clothing. Wings clear
hyaline with a milky or almost frosted tint in certain lights ; second
submarginal cell about three times as wide along its lower margin as
along its upper, the lower margin about equalling the radial cell in
length. A broad black-brown band crosses the apex of the wing,
the actual apex being rather clearer; a cloud also covers the extreme
apex of the hind wing. Legs black, anterior metatarsus as long as the
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 545
next two joints together, bearing three long piceous spines ; claws of
all the legs bifid or toothed, posterior tarsi spinose ; abdomen with a
slight silvery pile, the first three segments red, the remainder black,
apical segment above and below with a few fine hairs.
Long. 10-11 m.m.
This species has much the coloration of the others of
this group, but is quite distinct in the structure of the
thorax.
2 4. Biskra, 28. iv. to 29. v.98. A. E. E. and F. D. M.
21. on Ammi visnaga, 25. v.97. A. E. E.
PoMPILUS (Aporus) ARGYRELLUS, Klug.
2 2. Biskra,5.vi.97. A.E.E. These 2 9, which I
refer to the above, have the Ist and 2nd sub-
marginal cells subequal, and in this respect
seem to agree with Klug’s figure. The entire
insects are covered with sheeny grey-white
pubescence, which in certain lights gives
exactly the effect of the bands on the abdomen
represented by Klug. The anterior tarsi are
somewhat pale.
PomPILUS (Aporus) FUMIGATUS, Klug.
a ©. Bone, 30. vir. 97. “A. KH. E.
a2, 2 4, Biskra, 4. v. to 23. v. 97.98. A. Ey EE.
and F. D. M.
POMPILUS (Aporus) MELANURUS, Klug.
| - Bone, 7. vii 97. A. EH. &. This and the
preceding species have both the long 2nd sub-
marginal cell as in argyrellus, Klug.
PomMPILUS (Hvagethes) CINERASCENS, 0. sp.
Caput et thorax nigra dense argenteo-sericea, illud macula flava
minuta orbitali utrinque notatum, alis dilutissime infuscatis, fascia
apicali fusca ornatis cellulis cubitalibus duabus instructis, pedibus
plus minus testaceo variegatis metatarsis anticis spinulis brevissimis
armatis. Abdomen testaceum albido sericeum, segmentis tribus
apicalibus nigris.
¢. Head and thorax black, ee clothed with a bright silvery-
white pile; mandibles red at the base with a few bristly hairs ;
546 Mr. Edward Saunders on
extreme edge of clypeus shining but not raised, bearing a few fine
hairs: inner orbit of each eye with a very small pale spot ; antenne
with the 3rd joint of the flagellum about three-fourths the length of
the 2nd: distance between the posterior ocelli equal to the distance
between each and the eye; vertex with a very few long pale hairs ;
posterior margin of pronotum sharply angular in the centre, tegule
pale testaceous, wing nervures brown ; wings very slightly tinged with
brown, with a broad apical dark brown band which stops just short
of the wing-cells, 2nd submarginal rather large, its lower margin
more than twice as long as its upper, and rather longer than the
radial cell; coxee and femora all clothed with silvery pubescence, the
former especially densely and brightly, anterior tarsi with no ap-
parent comb, all the tibiz and the apices of the femora more or less
testaceous, the latter clouded with greyish-brown at the base, except
the posterior pair, which are testaceous throughout ; these and the
tarsi are also clothed with silvery pile, but not densely : tarsi testa-
ceous, their apices darker ; claws with a small tooth beyond the
centre ; calcaria pale, except those of the posterior pair, which are
nearly black ; abdomen more or less clothed with silvery pile, testa-
ceous as far as the apex of the 3rd segment, the rest black, apical
segment with a few very fine, inconspicuous hairs.
Long. 9 m.m.
Although this is a single specimen, it is in such perfect
condition that I have ventured to describe it.
2 1. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 25. v.97. A. KE. E.
PomPILus (Hvagethes) ORICHALCEUS, n. sp.
Niger, pube orichalcea dense vestitus, mandibulis, margine antico
clypei, labro, antennarum scapo antice propleurarum margine
postico, tegulis, pedibus (tarsis exceptis), testaceis, abdomine testaceo,
apice nigro prothorace angulatim emarginato.
Head and thorax densely clothed with silvery hairs with a distinct
brassy tinge, pleuree and head posteriorly also with fine rather long
erect pale hairs; mandibles, labrum, extreme anterior edge of
clypeus, and scape of the antenne in front testaceous, 3rd and 4th
antennal joints subequal, pronotal angle very obtuse but distinct,
posterior margin of propleure obscurely testaceous, tegule testa--
ceous ; wings slightly smoky, their apices with a darker band which
does not quite reach the wing-cells, nervures brown, testaceous at the
extreme base ; 2 submarginal cells, the 2nd small, pentagonal, its inner
margin being distinctly angulated ; radial cell small, slightly wider
than the 2nd submarginal ; propodeum rather short and wide, trun-
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 547
- cately rounded posteriorly ; legs with the coxe and tarsi black, the
former densely clothed with shining pubescence like the thorax ;
femora and tibie testaceous, their extreme apices dusky; tibial
spines and calcaria dark, anterior metatarsi with three short spines.
Abdomen testaceous, clothed with a silky sheeny pubescence,
but the vestiture not so dense and finer than that of the thorax : 5th
and 6th segments dark, 6th rather widely rounded at the apex with-
out exserted hairs above, segments beneath with a few short fine
hairs.
Long. 8-9 m.m.
22 biskra, IF. D, M.
PomPiILus (Lvagethes), sp. (2).
21. Biskra, 17. iv. 97. A. EE. E. Abdomen red
at the base.
PoMPILUS (LHvagethes), sp. (?).
21. Biskra, 25. iv. 97. A. E.E. Abdomen red
at the base.
POMPILUS QUADRIPUNCTATUS, Fab.
$1. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 21. vi. 97. A. HE. E.
g 1. Bone, on Cynanchum acutum, 17. vii. 97.
PoMPILUS oRNATUS, Klug.
g 4. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 20-80. v., and 4.
vi. 97. A. E. E.
g 4. Biskra, 18. v.—3. vi. 98. F. D. M.
POMPILUS RUFIPES, L.
&. Le Tarf, on Feniculum vulgare, 24. vii. 96.
Abdomen black, with only the apical segment
white at the tip; legs red; wings smoky.
A) E. E.
2.(?) Bone, on Euphorbia paralias, 5. viii. 97.
Abdomen with only a spot on each side of the
base of the 3rd segment. Specimen evidently
old and long exposed to weather; legs black.
A. EK. E.
PoMPILUS CLIENS, Kohl.
2, Biskra, 28,11 95.) A, E. E.
9. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 28. v.97. A. E. E
548 Mr. Edward Saunders on
¢. Bone, on Luphorbia paralias, 28. viii. 97.
A. E. E.
POMPILUS COCCINEIPES, 2. sp.
Niger, subopacus, mandibulis ante apicem, femorum dimidio
apicali, tibiisque rufis prothorace postice arcuatum emarginato,
Metatarsis anticis spinis tribus nigris longis armatis. Alis fuscis,
cellula cubitali tertia late trapezina unguiculis bifidis.
@. Rather a short and robust species. Black, dull, clothed with
a very fine inconspicuous purplish pile; head clothed with short
black hairs, distance between the eyes and mandibles very short ;
clypeus extremely finely rugulose, slightly rounded in front, irre-
gularly punctured above its apical margin; mandibles red towards
the apex, 3rd joint of flagellum about two-thirds as long as the 2nd,
margins of eyes posteriorly, and a very small spot on the anterior
margin near the sinus, pale. Pronotum well-developed, clothed with
short black hairs in front, its posterior margin arcuate; on its
anterior declivous portion there are signs of pale scale-like hairs, as
in rufipes, etc. Mesonotum rather wide, wings dark brown, third
submarginal cell at the top about half as wide as at the bottom,
posterior nervure of hind wing joining the median beyond the branch
of the latter, metanotum behind the post-scutellum clothed with a
dense brownish down, propodeum slightly hairy and with a few
scale-like hairs at the base and apex. Abdomen with a few long
and a few scattered scale-like hairs on its basal segment, apical
segmeut with only a few fine hairs. Legs red with the coxe, front
pair of which are clothed with long hairs, the base of the femora and
the tarsi black, calecaria piceous or reddish, in one specimen the
metatarsi are also more or less red. Claws bifid.
Long. 10-11 m.m.
? 1. Biskra, near railway, kilométre 199, 3. v.95. A. H. E.
2 1. La Calle, sand-hills west of the town. 15. vii. 96.
A. E. E.
POMPILUS PICTICRUS, Nn. sp.
Q. Pracedenti similis, sed minor, mandibulis ante apicem, pedum
posticorum femoribus basibusque tibiarum, rufis, alis anticis cellula
tertia cubitali triangulari, unguiculis simplicibus.
Very like the preceding in general appearance, but smaller, the
clypeus slightly emarginate in front. Margins of the eyes con-
colorous, wings less infuscated, their apices darker, 3rd submarginal
cell triangular, posterior nervure of hind wings uniting with the
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 549
branch of the median nervure, metanotum naked, propodeum with
only a few short exserted hairs, basal segment of the abdomen with-
out long hairs, apical segment with scattered bristly hairs. Legs
entirely black, except the posterior femora, which are red, with the
exception of thé extreme base and apex, and the posterior tibie,
which are red just below the base. Claws simple.
Long. 9-10 m.m.
9 2. Biskra, 15 and 16. v. 98. F. D. M.
POMPILUS NIVEUS, n. sp.
2. Niger, pilis niveis densissime vestitus, mandibulis tibiis posticis,
tarsisque omnibus testaceis, calcaribus albis, alis subhyalinis apice
fusco-maculatis, venis pallidis, cellulis submarginalibus tribus,
_ pronoto angulatim emarginato.
Black, densely clothed with adpressed snowy-white hair; head
posteriorly, pleurze of thorax and propodeum, especially at the
sides, also with scattered erect hairs ; mandibles testaceous, clothed
with silvery hairs at the base, labrum fringed with black hairs at
the apex, cheeks between the eyes and mandibles about as long
as their apical width. Antennze with the 3rd joint considerably
longer than the 4th, apices of the joints more or less testaceous, basal
joints densely clothed with snowy hairs, pronotum angulately but
very obtusely emarginate, wings nearly hyaline but with a very slight
brownish tinge, the apices of the front pair narrowly banded with
brown, tegule and nervures pale testaceous; 3 submarginal cells,
the 3rd subquadrate, its outer nervure convexly curved ; legs densely
clothed with snowy hairs, the knees and tarsi of all the legs
and the tibiz of the posterior pair, testaceous. Anterior tarsi
with a comb of long flattened black spines on their outer margin,
the metatarsal joint bearing 3, the 2nd and 3rd two each, and the 4th
one ; on the inner margin the metatarsal joint bears 5 long curved
slender spines, the 2nd joint one, the 3rd and 4th each one, but these
are thicker and somewhat flattened. Anterior tibie with a few
black spines near the apex, spines of all the other tibie and tarsi
black, calcaria white ; abdomen densely clothed with snowy hairs,
extreme apices of the segments slightly testaceous.
2 5. Dunes, Biskra, 17 and 18. v. 93. A. E. E.
Somewhat like a snowy-white plwmbeus, but distinguished at once
by the pale testaceous wing-nervures, and the hairy propodeum, the
flattened spines on the anterior metatarsal comb, and the white
calcaria.
550 Mr. Edward Saunders on
POMPILUS PLUMBEUS, F.
Biskra, April and May. »
Bone, May, July, August, September.
Biskra, December, January. A. E. E.
Alger, April and May, common. F. D. M.
One 2 captured with its prey, a brown spider.
Estuary of the Seybouse, 25. viii. 97. A. E. E.
POMPILUS SEXSPINOSUS, n. sp. a
Niger, mandibulis in medio piceis, antennarum articulo tertio
elongato spatio inter-oculari longitudine fere squali, prothorace
subangulatim emarginato, alis infumatis cellulis submarginalibus
tribus instructis, tertia lata, apice constricto nervo externo in con-
vexum curvato, metatarsis anticis spinis longissimis sex instructis
apices versus subdilatatis; mas capite et thorace dense villosis,
abdominis segmento quinto ventrali apice arcuato-emarginato, sexto
valde triangulariter exciso, utrinque foveola rotundata impresso,
octavo lato, carina valida centrali instructo.
@ broad and rather short. Entirely black, except the piceous
centres of the mandibles, head slightly hairy, clypeus with the
anterior margin very slightly emarginate, and narrowly shining, eyes
subparallel, width between the posterior ocelli much longer than
that which separates them from the anterior ocellus, and slightly
longer than their distance from the eyes; antennze with the 3rd joint
long, about once and a half as long as the following, and nearly as
long as the width of the vertex between the eyes. Mandibles and
eyes contiguous ; thorax sparsely hairy, prothorax short and wide, its
sides. subparallel, its posterior margin very obtusely subangulate ;
wingsrather strongly infuscated, apical margin darker, with three
submarginal cells, the 2nd and 3rd subequal on their posterior
margins, the 38rd much constricted above, its outer nerve convexly
curved, posterior nerve of hind wing uniting with the median
beyond its branch ; propodeum deeply channelled in the centre, and
concave posteriorly, its sides rounded and clothed with erect hairs ;
abdomen clothed with a fine pubescence, changing colour according
as the light falls on it, apical segments above and all the segments
beneath with a few fine erect hairs. Anterior metatarsi with 6 very
long spines, the 5 lower ones of which are very slightly dilated
towards the apex. Claws toothed behind the middle.
The ¢ taken with this 9 has the head and thorax densely
clothed with long hairs, mandibles piceous-red just before the
apex, antennz rather short for a g of this genus, 3rd and 4t#
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 6551
joints subequal in length, ocelli arranged as in the Q but the space
between them and the eyes longer than the space between the posterior
pair; pronotum rather more sharply emarginate than in the 9 ;
wings as in the 2; propodeum clothed with long hairs, metatarsi
of all the legs very long, as long or longer than the 3 following
joints taken together ; abdomen rather short and wide for that of a
6, basal segment with a few long hairs at the base above and
beneath, 5th ventral segment arcuately emarginate at the apex,
6th strongly and acutely excised in the centre, and with a small
round fovea on each side near the base of the excision, 8th wide,
with a strong central carina.
Long. 12 m.m.
$1,291. Biskra, border of sand-hills between Hamman-
es-Salahin and a small reed-fringed pond about a
mile W.S.W. from the Hamman, visiting larval
Capsidz (2) or some sort of Homoptera on Thymelxa
microphylla. A. KH. E.
a2. iskra, FD. M.
POMPILUS, sp. (2).
A single 2 apparently closely allied to notorius,
Tourn., Bone, 28. viii. 96. A. E. EK.
POMPILUS DUBITABILIS, n. sp.
Niger, opacus, P. teterrimo, Grib., cui forma et colore similis
metatarsorum anticorum spinis 4, brevioribus, capite et thorace
minus hirtis, nec non genis inter oculos et mandibulas multo brevio-
ribus satis distinctus—ab intacto Tourn. differt cellula cubitali
tertio sub-trapezoidali, propodeique lateribus haud longitudinaliter
rugosis.
Black, dull clothed with a fine pubescence which gives a brownish
tint in certain lights. Apex of the clypeus slightly emarginate and
narrowly raised, smooth and somewhat shining cheeks between the
eyes, and mandibles very short. Antennze with the 4th joint about
three-quarters as long as the 3rd, 2nd and 3rd together nearly equal
to the distance between the eyes on the vertex; posterior ocelli
distant from each other, as each is from the eye; face and vertex
rather sparingly clothed with somewhat short black hairs, cheeks
posteriorly more densely so. Thorax almost glabrous above, prono-
tum rather obtusely angled posteriorly, sternum hairy, wings very
dark with purple reflections, lateral nerves of 3rd submarginal
convex, nearly uniting above, posterior nerve of hind wing meeting
552 Mr. Edward Saunders on
with the median just at or behind the point where the latter
branches ; propodeum hairy posteriorly, with a fine central impressed
line and concave above the insertion of the petiole, anterior meta-
tarsi with four moderate spines, the basal one much shorter than
the others, which are about as long as the 2nd tarsal joint, pos-
terior metatarsi as long as the following 3 joints together, calcaria
short, not more than half as long as the metatarsus. Abdomen
with a few exserted hairs on the apical segment above and on the
segments beneath.
Long. 16-17 m.m.
© 1. Biskra.~ A, Ei;
9 2. Biskra. F. D. M.
POMPILUS FERTONI, n. sp.
Niger, capite, pro-thorace et mesonoto, pedibusque testaceo-rufis,
propodeo densissime nigro hirsuto ; metatarsis anticis spinis quatuor
longissimis, et sub dilatatis armatis.
? black, clothed with very short sheeny-grey pubescence ; head,
pro-thorax, mesonotum, and legs, with the exception of the coxe of
the intermediate and posterior pairs and the femora of the posterior
pair, testaceous-red. Head clothed with short fine pale hairs. Man-
dibles piceous towards the apex, inner margins of the eyes diverging
rapidly from the vertex then almost angulated and sub-parallel to
the clypeus; cheeks between the eyes and mandibles scarcely de-
veloped, clypeus largely rounded in front; distance of posterior
ocelli from each other about twice that between each and the eye
and between each and the anterior ocellus; antenne with the 3rd ‘
joint nearly twice as long as the 4th, the rest subequal; pro-
thorax testaceous-red, sharply emarginate posteriorly ; pro-pleure
clothed with long pale hairs; mesonotum and scutellum coloured
like the prothorax, without exserted hairs ; wings black, with violet
reflections, their extreme base and the tegule testaceous; 3rd sub-
marginal large, subquadrate ; posterior nervure of hind wings strongly
curved before its union with the median ; propodeum, metathorax, and
meso- and metapleure black; pleuree dull, smooth; propodeum
densely clothed with matted short black hairs. Anterior metatarsi
bearing 4 long somewhat flattened and dilated spines, the basal one
much the shortest, and each subsequent spine longer in proportion to
its predecessor, the apical spine being as long as the next 2 joints
of the tarsi taken together; 2nd and 3rd tarsal joints each with 2
long spines, 4th with one ; coxee of the posterior pair of legs and the
femora of the last pair black except the extreme apex of the latter;
posterior tibize with a few short, pale spines, posterior metatarsi as
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 558
long as the 3 next joints taken together. Calcaria reaching to beyond
the middle of the metatarsus ; claws rather straight with a strong
blunt tooth beyond the middle ; abdomen black, clothed at the ex-
treme base like the propodeum with matted hairs, the other segments
clothed with grey sheeny pubescence, which forms a wide indefinite
band on each, leaving their apices black in certain lights. 6th seg-
ment clothed above and beneath with bristly black hairs, the other
segments beneath with a few shorter hairs.
The male, which was taken on the same plant with the females,
and which I feel sure is rightly associated with them, is similar to
them in general coloration, and in the sheeny-grey pubescence, but
the testaceous colour is rather paler; the wings are testaceous as far
as the submarginal cells, and only dark at the apex beyond them,
the post-scutellum is pale, all the coxe are black, and the intermediate
femora are dark, except at the apex ; the inner margins of the eyes
are sinuate, but not more so than in many other species of the genus ;
labrum slightly notched at the apex. Thorax as in the 9 but the
propodeum only clothed with the grey pubescence and without the
dense black hairs of the 2; 6th ventral segment slightly emarginate
at the apex, 8th narrow and convex subtruncate, clothed with short,
rather thick hairs at the sides ; armature with the stipites produced
into three processes, the inner ones narrow, flat, slightly curved and
converging ; below these are a pair of shorter spatulate concave pro-
cesses, their dilatation somewhat pointed on its inner margin,
black at the point and fringed with bristly hairs, the 3rd outside
process very narrow, almost filamentary, clothed with fine long
hairs; sagittee narrow subparallel, closely applied to each other
except at the apex.
Long. 15, 16 m.m.
f1, 24. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 19. v. to 4. vi.
ote <A. H, E,
aoe. iskra, 3. v. and 26. v.98. F.D. M.
Belongs to the group of platycanthus, Kizilkumia, etc.,
but distinct by the number of spines on the anterior
metatarsus.
POMPILUS EXCISILABRIS, Nn. sp.
6 fere glaber, niger opacus, elongatus capite (preter maculas,
2, verticalem et facialem, clypeum labrumque nigra), pro—et
mesonoto, obscure sanguineis; antennis, pedibusque nigris, labro
apice triangulariter exciso, Clypeo subelongato, genis fere nullis ;
pronoto margine posteriore angulato, alis nigris cellulis submar-
ginalibus tribus, tertio trapezoidali, nervo exteriore medio angulato,
554 Mr. Edward Saunders on
valvula ventrali apicali subangusta, poene carinata, lateribus dense
nigro spinosis.
Elongate, black, dull, nearly glabrous, except for the fine, almost im-
perceptible greyish pile which covers the whole insect ; head, pro- and
mesonotum, dark sanguineous red ; the first with the clypeus, labrum,
a spot on the face and another over the ocellar region, black ; sides of
the head posteriorly clothed with longish hairs ; labrum with a dis-
tinct central incision. Clypeus with its anterior margin slightly
sinuate, antennez with the joints of the flagellum a little more than
twice as long as wide; pronotum posteriorly angulated, its surface
in front clothed with a few exserted hairs, scutellum considerably
raised and narrowly flattened down the centre, its sides subconcave ;
post-scutellum widely grooved down the centre, wings dark brown,
with purple reflections. 2nd submarginal cell wider than long, 3rd
narrower than the 2nd, constricted towards the upper margin, which is
about half the length of the lower, external nervure very convex,
almost angulated. Legs with the posterior metatarsi as long as the 3
following joints taken together, claws nearly straight, toothed towards
the apex, propodeum rather long, with tracesin 1 specimen of trans-
verse rugosities at the sides and the apex; abdomen long, clothed with
a dull greyish pile; 6th segment rather deeply emarginate in the
centre; 8th pointed, slightly convex, but hardly carinated, its sides
densely fringed with thick spine-like hairs, intermingled with finer
ones, armature with the upper processes of the stipites very long and
slender, slightly converging at the apex ; lower pairs curved, hairy, and
somewhat spatulate, outer lateral processes curved, long, narrow and
hairy, slightly dilated at the apex, longer than the upper processes.
Long. 13, 14 m.m.
gf 3. Bone, on Huphorbia paralias, 31. vii. 97, A. E. E.
POMPILUS APPROXIMATUS, Smith.
¢ 3. Biskra, 17. iv. and 1. v.97... ALE we
These are exactly like our British specimens of this
species. The form of the 8th ventral segment is very
peculiar, being very wide and subtectiform ventrally, each
side produced into a pale, translucent wing, the surface
clothed with black hairs, the centre much raised into a
strong carina, and the apex emarginate ; when the segment
is in its normal position, the lateral wings are scarcely
visible. I believe this species is probably the difidus of ©
Morawitz, and the hereticus Tournier.
POMPILUS, sp. (?).
f1. Le Tarf, 24. vu. 96. A. E. E.
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 555
PoMPILUS VIATICUS, L.
9 2. Biskra, 17. v. 93., 4 iv. 97. A.E.E.
9. Le Tarf, 27. vi. 96. A.E.E.
g 2. Biskra, 5 and 16. v.98 F.D.M.
9. Biskra, 24. 1. 98. F.D. M.
POMPILUS, sp. (?).
21. Biskra, Dunes on the Route des Zibans, 22. iii,
94, A, E. E.
POMPILUS CHALYBEATUS, Schiddte.
a Biskra, 1. v. 97; A. EE:
er Biskra, 29. iv. 97. A. E. E.
POMPILUS MORICEI, n. sp.
Niger, orbitis in utroque sexu antice et postice striga pallida
signatis, pronoto angulatim emarginato, propodeo postice piloso, alis
infuscatis, cellulis submarginalibus tribus, tertia trapezoidali, tarsis
anticis breviter spinosis, abdomen segmentis basalibus tribus plus
minus rufis, marginibus posticis infuscatis, valvula dorsali Q setis
nonnullis nigris vestita. ¢ segmento 5 convexo, apice sube-
marginato, 6° medio plano valde inciso. 8° compresso, minuto,
carinato, breviter pilosa.
@ In form like most of the red-bodied species of the genus
belonging to Kohl’s Section 1. Black with the orbits of the eyes
margined with a very narrow cream-white line, of variable length, in
front, and a rather more conspicuous one behind, near the vertex ;
abdomen with the first 3 segments red, more or less widely fuscous
posteriorly, head very shortly pilose, clypeus very convex, its anterior
margin entire ; narrowly and slightly raised, mandibles red in the
centre, and clothed with a greyish pile ; antennz with the 3rd joint
about as long as the 2nd and 4th together, thorax in fresh examples
clothed with a somewhat inconspicuous brownish pile, pronotum
sharply angulated posteriorly, propodeum posteriorly and at the sides
with a few fine hairs ; wings dusky, their apices darker, 3 submarginal
cells, the 8rd subequal to the 2nd and trapezoidal ; anterior metatarsi
with 3 short piceous spines in the comb, which are scarcely more than
two-thirds as long as the 2nd tarsal joint. Abdomen with the apical
segment clothed with some rather stiff black hairs, but these not so
dense nor so bristly as in some species,
¢ With similar orbital lines as the 9. The 3rd submarginal
cell in some examples almost triangular, 6th ventral segment flat,
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 37
556 Mr. Edward Saunders on
narrowly and deeply excised at the apex, 8th compressed, and convex,
subcarinate, shortly and densely pilose.
Long. 11-13 m.m.
2 1. Constantine, 1. x. 93. A. E. E.
f5 and 22. 16—18.v. 98. F.D.M.
9? 1. Biskra, 28. iv. 95. A. E. E.
Sl. Diskus, 20.4. 96. 2G AE
_ Of the species described as having white orbital
markings, the present seems to be most closely allied to
effodiens, Fert., of which the author has kindly sent me a
specimen, but it differs from that species in the absence
of the dense beard on the underside of the mandibles.
montandom, Tourn., is without the bristly hairs on the
apical segment, signaticeps has the 3rd antennal joint equal
to the scape and 4th taken together, and vagans, Cost.,
has the base of the pronotum more or less pale. The
white orbital streaks vary so much in extent in different
individuals that they would doubtless be liable to disappear
in some altogether.
Sp. (?) (1). In general appearance like the above, but
smaller, with 3 short black spines on the anterior meta-
tarsus, orbital markings as in that species, visible on the
face as well as posteriorly. |
@ 2. Biskra, 8—11. iv. 97. A. E. E.
2 1. Biskra, 4. v. 98. F.D.M.
I was about to describe this form as new, as the males
taken by Mr. Morice with his females are clearly distinct
from those of the preceding, but I fail to detect any
distinguishing structural character in the 9, and knowing
how often several species of Pompilus are found together
in one locality, I feel that possibly the males are those of
a distinct species, and so I refrain from describing either.
Sp. (?) (2). Very like the above, but with 4 longer black
spines in the comb of the anterior metatarsus. Orbital
markings only visible as a small spot behind the eye,
pronotum sharply angulated, propodeum hairy posteriorly
and at the sides, wings very dark; abdomen with the
centre of the Ist and the base of the 2nd segment red,
6th segment dorsally with a few rather fine exserted hairs.
2 3. Algiers, 20—22. iv. 98. F.D.M.
Sp. (?) (8). A red-bodied species varying to entirely black,
orbital markings just visible, prothorax angulated, poste-
riorly, propodeum hairy at the sides posteriorly, 5th ventral
;
:
;
¥
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 557
segment excised in the centre ; 6th compressed and carin-
ated, its sides concave somewhat as in fumipennis, Dablb.
Long. 5—6 m.m.
gf 5. Biskra, 4. v.98. F.D.M.
Possibly the ¢ of No. 1, but see remarks on that form.
SALIUS EATONI, n. sp.
Niger ferrugineo pictus, mas prothorace transverso postice angula-
tim emarginato, propodei apice semicirculariter strigoso, Abdominis
segmentis 2do 3tio que ferrugineo bimaculatis, foemina capite et
prothorace ferrugineis, mesosterno, metapleuris, metasternoque
fortiter strigosis, propodeo glabro, rugoso transverse striato, abdominis
segmento secundo bimaculato.
6 Elongate and narrow with the pronotum as long as the mesono-
tum ; head about as long as the pronotum, brownish-yellow ; antennz
fulvo-testaceous ; clypeus, except near the posterior angles and a some-
what triangular spot on the face, widest in the region of the ocelli,
piceous ; sides of the face palest along the margins of the eyes.
Clypeus clothed with a fine golden pubescence at the base, head
posteriorly wider than across the eyes, its lateral angles rounded, its
base slightly emarginate ; pronotum rather darker than the head,
angularly emarginate posteriorly, its anterior margin black (the dark
colour produced in the centre and forming a dark dorsal line), base
very narrowly dark, mesonotum black, a spot towards its apex
produced on to the scutellum testaceous-brown. Wings luteous
with an ill-defined dark apical band, clouding the marginal, 3rd sub-
marginal and more or less of the 3rd discoidal cell ; superior nerve of
the 3rd submarginal cell about half as long as the inferior ; propodeum
smooth, dull, slightly longer than wide, its apical declivity with a
series of semi-circular, somewhat concentric ridges ; pleure dull,
very finely shagreened, and very remotely, finely and shallowly
punctured ; abdomen dull, clothed with a fine inconspicuous greyish
pile, the 2nd and 3rd segments each with a bilobed testaceous spot
at the base, 6th ventral segment flat, somewhat angularly emargin-
ate at the apex, with a curved hook at each lateral angle of the seg-
ment as in bicolor and other species, 8th rounded at the apex and
fringed with broad flattened spine-like hairs. Legs with the coxa,
trochanters and femora black, the apices of these last, the tibiz and
tarsi fulvo-testaceous,
The ? found with the male has the head entirely testaceous, except
just in the region of the ocelli, the post-ocular region much wider than
the head across the eyes ; pronotum testaceous, angulated posteriorly,
clothed with short hairs, prosternum and coxze with long hairs,
558 Mr. Edward Saunders on
mesonotum black, testaceous about the scutellum ; wings luteous, the
apices of the anterior pair with a distinct dark band, the posterior
with the anterior angle clouded, lower margin of the 3rd submarginal
cell twice as long as the upper ; mesopleuree dull, not actually strigose
but with some shallow impressions, like elongate punctures, arranged
somewhat in lines; mesosternum diagonally striate at the base, and
along its posterior margin, where it meets the metathorax ; metapleuree
and sterna deeply striate ; propodeum glabrous, transversely, rugosely
and somewhat irregularly striate ; abdomen nearly dull, black, the
surface very finely aciculate, and somewhat remotely punctured, the
basal segment less strongly so than the others, 2nd segment with
two testaceous spots near the base, more or less united in the middle,
3rd and following segments more or less hairy, the hairs ofa brownish
hue, those of the apical segment very dense ; each segment viewed
sideways has a wide grey pubescent band at the base. Legs testaceous,
coxee, trochanters and the basal half of the femora, black, the extreme
apex of the tibia and of each tarsal joint dark, claws beneath with a
series of strong bristles, and a small tooth near the middle.
Long. 6 16mm. @ 20-22 m.m. 5
¥6
f and @. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, Route des Zibans, 18
and 25. v. 93.¢ A. E. E.
¢ 3 and 2. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, Route des Zibans,
728 and 24. v. 97. (A. EB,
— & ‘he Tart 24. 7-96; A. 1k,
. Near Azazga, on Eryngium tricuspidatum (altitude,
E900 tH), Lax. 93.) a ee
2. bone, 5. 1x: 96. A;
y 2. Biskra, 30. v.98. F. D. M.
The females of this species vary somewhat in size, and in
the form of the 38rd sub-marginal cell, which is wider on its
upper margin in some than in others; also in one of Mr.
Morice’s specimens there is a small basal spot on each side
of the 3rd abdominal segment as in the @.
This species is allied to bicolor, F., but differs in the
shorter, less cylindrical prothorax of the #, and from the 2
associated with that species by Costa (Oss. al Grenere
Salius, p. 4), by the strongly striate propodeum, and accord-
ing to the figure given by that author, the very different
coloration and the different neuration of the anterior
wings. In the ¢ from Le Tarf the abdomen is clothed with
a fine silvery sheeny pubescence, and has the pronotum
entirely black, but in other respects it resembles the type
form.
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria, 559
SALIUS 6 PUNCTATUS, Fab.
2. Koudia Sma, on Daphne gnidiwm, 21. vii. 98.
A. E. E.
2. Constantine, 2. x. 93. A.E.E.
Ditto, Small, unspotted var.
2. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 18. v.93. and 18. v. 97.
A. E.E.
SALIUS INFUMATUS, Palm.
f 2,22. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 18. v. 93., 15—
25. ¥. 9%. A. Eek.
foe oko. ‘Biskrav. 98. - FD. M.
SALIUS BARBARUS, Fab.
§ . Bone,on Mentha rotundifolia, 10. vii, 97, A.B. E.
2. Koudia Sma, on Lryngiwm tricuspidatwm, appar-
ently roosting under the umbels, 21. vii. 93.
A. E. E.
9. Azazga, in the forest on Mentha rotundifolia, 20.
ix. 93; - A, EK. Ei:
2. La Calle, 14. vu. 96. A. E.E.
SALIUS DIMIDIATIPENNIS, Cost.
$1. LeTarf, on Feniculum vulgare, 24. v1.96. A. 1. EK.
SALIUS DISCOLOR, Fab.
ef Biskra, 21. 195<. A. Kk,
SALIUS PEREZI, n. sp.
Niger, capite et thorace plus minus testaceo pictis mesopleuris sub-
tilissime coriaceis, foeminz substriatis, metapleuris in utroque sexu
striatis propodeo glabro, transverse striato, medio longitudinaliter
subimpresso, abdomine toto nigro opaco, pedibus rufotestaceis,
femorum basibus nigris, maris tibiis apice nigris, tarsis maxima ex
parte nigris.
6 Head black, face with a triangular patch along the margin of
each eye and a spot on each side of the clypeus, and head behind the
eyes, testaceous ; antennze testaceous, slightly darker towards the
apex, surface very finely and very closely punctured ; near each eye
on a level with the ocelli is a well-marked puncture, but the hair
from it is wanting on both sides (this character exists in many of
the species of the genus, but is unusually strong in this) ; pronotum
testaceous, transverse, twice as broad as its central length, angu-
lately emarginate posteriorly, its anterior and posterior margins
560 Mr. Edward Saunders on
black, rest of the thorax black ; wings luteous, their apical margins
with a broad, definite black band ; mesopleurz and sterna dull and
shagreened, but not striate; metapleuree and sterna very finely
and closely striated ; propodeum finely and rugosely, transversely
striate, with a shallow longitudinal impression ; abdomen subelliptic,
black, surface very finely shagreened with indications of very re—
mote shallow punctures, 6th ventral segment with a narrow rounded
central emargination, 8th rather flat, rounded at the apex and
fringed with a series of short thick hairs ; legs rufotestaceous
with the coxe, trochanters, the base of the femora, the apices of the
tibiee, and the middle and hind tarsi black, except the basal joint ;
front pair testaceous, darkened towards the apex.
Q like the ¢ in coloration, except that the head (with the excep-
tion of the clypeus) is entirely testaceous,that there is a testaceous spot
on the posterior part of the mesoscutum,extending on to the scutellum
and sometimes on to the post-scutellum, and that the testaceous colour
of the femora is more extensive, leaving only the basal quarter or
third black ; mesopleurs and sterna dull and shagreened and with
more or less distinct diagonal strive, metapleure and sterna finely
and clearly striated ; propodeum glabrous, much as in the 4, trans-
versely and rugosely striated with a shallow central impression ;
abdomen black, finely shagreened and with a very indefinite shallow
puncturation, apical segment clothed with rather long brownish
hairs.
Long. 11-13 m.m.
g. Biskra, 16. v. 98. F. D. M.
2 2. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 18—24. v.93. A.E.E.
SALIUS SANGUINICOLLIS. n. sp.
Niger, capite et thorace sanguineis, in mare plus minus nigro
signatis, antennis rufotestaceis alis nigro violaceis, propodeo nigro,
hirsuto transverse rugoso-striato, mesopleuris prope coxas inter-
medias spinose tuberculatis ; abdomine nigro, immaculato, in foemina
subnitente sparsius punctato in mare opaco, pedibus anticis, tibiis
tarsisque intermediis et posticis obscure sanguineis.
¢ Black, head and thorax clothed with rather short black hairs, ©
clypeus nearly as long as broad; mandibles long and straight, sanguine-
ous, sides of the face and vertex behind the eyes of the same colour,
antenne rufotestaceous, apical and sub-apical joints dusky ; thorax
red on the pro- and mesonotum, often clouded on the centre of the
pronotum and mesoscutum ; pleure black, dull, with a remote, very
shallow puncturation ; mesopleure each with a triangular spine-like
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 561
tubercle above the cox ; wings dark brown-black with violet reflec-
tions, marginal cell very long, about three times as long as wide,
diagonally truncate at the apex, 3rd submarginal once and a half as long
ashigh ; metanotum strongly strigose transversely ; propodeum with its
upper area nearly square, rugosely striate, pilose, subtectiform, the
centre being gradually raised into a central ridge, the apex truncate,
the lateral angles slightly prominent ; abdomen elongate, elliptic, dull,
5th ventral segment very slightly emarginate at the apex, 6th with a
strong carina on each side,8th semi-circular ; legs,coxee and trochanters,
the base of the intermediate femora, and nearly the whole of the
posterior femora and tibize as well as the tarsi black.
@ Very like the ¢ in coloration, but with the red colour of the
thorax and head brighter and more extensive,the whole of the upper
surface of the thorax being red, its underside and propodeum black ;
cheeks behind the eyes with long black whiskers, 3rd joint of
antennee once and a half as long as the 4th, pronotum angulately
emarginate posteriorly, mesonotum very finely, closely punctured,
mesopleure spinose as in the ¢ and the wings similar in colour and
neuration to those of that sex ; propodeum tectiform, pilose and trans-
versely wrinkled, truncate posteriorly, but with the lateral angles
rounded, not angulated asin the ¢. The lower angles of the pro-
podeum are strongly developed in both sexes ; abdomen rather shin-
ing, very finely shagreened with a remote, rather large, but shallow
puncturation, apical segment clothed with black-brown bristles. Legs
coloured as in the @.
Long. 14-15 m.m.
A very distinct species in coloration and in the form):
the mesopleure and propodeum.
@. Biskra, visiting Zizyphus lotus, 3. v. 94. A. E. E.
9. Biskra, on Ammz visnaga, 28. v. 94, A. EH. E.
S 4, 2 5. Biskra, 14—30. v. 98. F. D. M.
SALIUS PARVULUS, Dahlb.
g 3. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga,15—27.v.97, A. E. E,
¢ 8,29. Biskra, 16. v. 98. F. D. M.
2 3. Alger, 31. 111., 25. iv.98. F. D. M.
The males taken by Mr. Morice all resemble those we
take in Britain, but the females have a distinct, clear, eye-
like spot near the apex of the wing, which is not the usual
form with us; also the puncturation of the surface is coarser
and much more distinct, and the propodeum is transversely
striate towards the apex. I thought at first they were
referable to Morawitz’s punctatissimus, but he says of that
562 Mr. Edward Saunders on
species “pronoto margine apicali arcuatim emarginato,”
whereas in these specimens the posterior margin of the
pronotum is very distinctly angulated. The species of the
exaltatus group are very difficult to distinguish in the ? sex.
I however put them under parvulus, as 9 of them were
taken on the same day with 8 males, which seem to me to
be normal individuals of that species.
SALIUS, sp. (?).
2 1. Biskra, 16. v. 98. F.D. M.
This is a much larger 2 than the others, and I suspect it
may belong to puszillus, Schiddte, but without seeing the
g I should not like to say for certain.
SALIUS PROPINQUUS, Lep.
2 1. Bone, 2. 11. 96. A. EK. E.
2 1. Alger,-29. 10,98, FS DP aE
og 1(?): ‘Alger, 21. iv. 98. °F. D. XL
I have little doubt that the above ¢ is the @ of this species, and is
so far as I can ascertain undescribed; it resembles the ? in coloration,
but has the bands of the wings less distinct, the apicalone covering the
apex of the. wing and not broken by a white sub-apical spot. The head
and thorax are dull, finely and very closely punctured, the propodeum
having a fine transverse striation, and a somewhat impressed dorsal
line ; the antenne are slender and clothed with a very short pilosity,
visible only under a strong lens, abdomen very finely coriace-
ous ; apical ventral valve flat, slightly emarginate at the apex ; coxe
and pleura with a silvery-grey pile.
SALIUS FISCHER], Spin.
g 5,25. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. v. 938. and
5—30. v.97. A.E.E.
& 7, 2 9.18. v. 93. and 10—20. v.98. F. D. M.
SALIUS, sp. (?), allied to Fuscus, Fab.
f 1. Biskra, 17. v.98. F.D.M.
AGENIA STRUCTOR, Fert.
2 1. Bone, hillside in the Plaine des Karézas, 6. 1x.
03. AME,
2 1. Bone, on Cynanchum acutum, 17. viii. 97.
A. E. E.
g 2. Alger, 16. 1. and 7. iv, 98, F, D. M.
Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. 563
CEROPALES ALBICINCTUS, Ross.
gf 4, 21. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 18. v. 98. and 238.
v. and 22. vi. 97. A.E. EK.
¢ 6,21. Biskra, 16—17. v. 98. F.D.M.
2 5. Biskra, 23. v.—9. vi. 98. F. D. M.
91. Le Tarf, on Feniculum vulgare, 24. viii. 96.
A. E. E.
The specimens vary exceedingly in size, much as do
those of Ceropales maculatus in this country. The males as
a rule are smaller than the females, but I have a f measur-
ing nearly 12 m.m. in length, and Mr. Morice has a ?
measuring only 5 mm. All the specimens are of the
variety with very wide yellow abdominal bands, which
often cover half the segment.
CEROPALES VARIEGATUS, Fab.
G1. Biskra, on Ammi visnaga, 17. v.97. A. E. E.
& t. Biskra, 16. v. 98. F. D. M.
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( 565 )
XVII. Descriptions of New Lepidoptera from New Zealand,
By Epwarp Meyrick, B.A., F.Z.S., ete.
[Read October 16th, 1901.]
THE following new species of Lepidoptera from New Zealand
were received from various sources; those attributed to the
late Mr. Fereday were included amongst his collections
which came into the possession of the Christchurch Museum,
and were referred to me for examination.
CARADRINIDZ.
Orthosia fortis, Butl.
Toxocampa fortis, Butl., Cist. Ent., 11, 549.
A specimen, without locality, from Mr, Fereday’s collec-
tion; previously unknown to me, and apparently to Mr.
Hudson also. It is too poor for description (the original
type is also exceedingly poor), but it appears to be properly
referable to Orthosia ; it can however be at once recognized
as distinct from all other New Zealand species of the family
by the peculiar black subbasal mark of the forewings, con-
sisting of a small black triangular spot in disc near base,
connected by anterior angle with a black triangular dilation
of the lower end of subbasal line.
Leucania toroneura, a. sp.
gd. 30-32m.m. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen light brown-
ish-ochreous, somewhat golden-tinged, terminal joint of palpi
moderate. Antenne moderately bipectinated to near apex. Legs
pale ochreous. Forewings with costa almost straight, apex obtuse,
termen rather obliquely rounded ; light brownish-ochreous ; veins
marked with more or less distinct slender blackish streaks, especially
median and subdorsal: cilia pale brownish-ochreous. Hindwings
fuscous ; cilia whitish-ochreous.
Four specimens, Mount Cook, at 2500 feet, in December
(G. V. Hudson). A neat and distinct species.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.)
566 Mr. E. Meyrick’s Descriptions of
PLUSIADA.
FHypenodes antrclina, n. sp.
Rhapsa octias, Huds., N. Zeal. Lep., 37, pl. vi, 7, nec Meyr.
6 2. 2428 mm. Head and thorax pale whitish-ochreous,
sprinkled with fuscous and dark fuscous. Forewings triangular,
costa arched anteriorly, slightly sinuate in middle, termen oblique,
waved, concave on upper half, obtusely angulated on vein 4; pale
whitish-ochreous, irregularly sprinkled with fuscous or brownish-
ochreous ; a short blackish line from costa almost at base ; first line
irregularly dentate, blackish, more or less partially obsolete; a
rhomboidal spot of blackish-fuscous suffusion in disc above middle,
above which are two short blackish-fuscous marks from costa ; space
between this and second line forming an irregular suffused white
spot ; costal edge above this dark fuscous dotted with whitish;
second line waved, whitish, interruptedly edged anteriorly with
blackish, curved inwards on lower half; subterminal dentate, pale,
edged with fuscous, space between second and subterminal lines on
upper third filled with blackish-fuscous; a terminal series of
undefined dark fuscous dots: cilia fuscous-whitish, mixed with
fuscous., Hindwings grey-whitish sprinkled with grey ; a faint pale
curved postmedian line, darker-edged anteriorly.
Two specimens, Wellington (G. V. Hudson), frequenting
dense forest ravines, from October to December. It is in
all essential structure a true Hypenodes, though differing
from all other described species of the genus in the peculiar
form of the forewings. For Mr. Hudson’s unfortunate
confusion of this species with the Australian Hyperaucha
octias, Meyr., I must admit the responsibility, having mis-
led Mr. Hudson by a wrong identification; the cause of
my error I cannot now exactly determine, but I am able
to correct it with precision; Hyperaucha octias is widely
different, generically and specifically, and is known only
from Australia; the original description of the genus and
species and the Australian localities quoted are all perfectly
correct, and refer to it only, but the New Zealand locality
is erroneous, and is at the bottom of the subsequent
confusion.
PHYCITIDA.
Homeosoma anaspila, n. sp.
@. 16-21m.m. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, irrorated with
white. Forewings very narrow, posteriorly somewhat dilated ; 4and
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand. 567
5 stalked ; white, more or less irrorated with fuscous ; first line
cloudy, fuscous, angulated in middle, but usually quite obsolete :
cilia pale fuscous, irrorated with white. Hindwings whitish-fuscous,
termen slenderly dark fuscous; cilia whitish, with a faint fuscous
subbasal line.
I took one specimen at Waipukurau (North Island) in
March, and received another from Christchurch from Mr.
Fereday, and have now seen a third also from Christchurch.
I had hesitated previously to describe the species, hoping
for more material, as it is so near the common Australian
Hf, vagella, but now think it advisable to do so. It is very
similar to H. vagella, but is entirely without the discal spot
and second line (always distinct in vagedla), usually without
the first line also. The recent determination of two other
very similar and closely allied, yet certainly distinct species
from the Hawaiian Islands undoubtedly increases the
probability that this will also prove to be a good species,
but it seems very scarce.
CRAMBID.
Orocrambus thymiastes, 1. sp.
@. 18 mm. Head dark fuscous mixed with orange-ochreous.
Palpi dark fuscous, white beneath. Thorax dark fuscous, shoulders
and two dorsal stripes orange-ochreous. Abdomen dark fuscous.
Forewings elongate, costa hardly arched, apex obtuse, termen rather
obliquely rounded ; deep golden-brown ; a pale yellowish streak
along submedian fold from base to 2, deeper yellow towards base,
and another from above apex of this to middle of termen, these
enclosed in a broad longitudinal band of blackish-fuscous suffusion ;
a short yellow streak on dorsum near base : cilia pale shining golden-
brownish, mixed with grey, tips paler. Hindwings blackish-grey ;
cilia grey, with darker basal line.
One specimen, West Plains, Invercargill (A. Philpott).
Crambus antimorus, n. sp.
36. 17 m.m. Head, palpi, and thorax dark bronzy-fuscous mixed
with golden-ochreous, palpi white beneath except at apex. Antenne
wholly pubescent, ciliations $. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings elon-
gate, costa slightly arched, apex somewhat obtuse-angled, termen
rather obliquely rounded ; golden-bronzy-ochreous mixed with
rather dark fuscous; extreme costal edge whitish; a straight
568 Mr. E. Meyrick’s Descriptions of
moderately broad snow-white median longitudinal streak from base
to termen ; dorsum narrowly snow-white throughout : cilia snow-
white, basal half suffused with whitish-ochreous. Hindwings white,
partially faintly tinged with ochreous ; cilia white.
One specimen, Mount Cook, at 2500 feet, in December
(Hudson), Belongs to the group of e&thonellus, but
conspicuously distinct by the white hindwings.
Crambus heteranthes, n. sp.
¢. 16mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous mixed with
golden-ochreous, palpi white beneath except at apex. Antenne
wholly pubescent, ciliations 4. Abdomen dark bronzy-fuscous.
Forewings elongate, costa slightly arched, apex hardly obtuse, termen
straight or faintly sinuate, rather oblique, rounded beneath ; golden-
bronzy-ochreous mixed with dark fuscous; a straight moderate
snow-white median longitudinal streak from base to termen: cilia
whitish-fuscous, with dark grey subbasal line, interrupted with white
on median streak. Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia whitish-fuscous,
basal half dark grey.
Two specimens, Mount Cook, at 2500 feet, in December
(Hudson). Also allied to C. vthonellus, but distinguished
by the dark fuscous intermixture of the forewings, which
in xthonellus are uniform golden-bronzy-ochreous.
PYRAUSTID.
Scoparia torodes, n. sp.
g. 19-20 mm. Head and thorax white sprinkled with dark
fuscous. Palpi 24, white mixed with dark fuscous, towards base
beneath clear white. Antennal ciliations 4. Abdomen pale greyish-
ochreous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, apex
obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, oblique ; white ; a dark fuscous basal
fascia from costa, reaching half across wing ; basal area up to first
line mixed with ochreous and dark fuscous ; lines white, remote,
first curved, edged posteriorly by an irregular streak of fuscous and
dark fuscous scales, strongest towards costa, second twice sinuate,
edged anteriorly by a strong dark fuscous streak ; orbicular and
claviform small, roundish, dark fuscous, confluent with dark margin
of first line; an X-shaped dark fuscous discal mark, anteriorly
touching a cloudy triangular dark fuscous spot on costa beyond
middle; terminal area beyond second line dark fuscous, with a
broad irregular white subterminal line confluent in middle with
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand. 569
second line, and slightly interrupted above this: cilia whitish, with
two cloudy dark fuscous lines. Hindwings 14, light grey ; cilia
whitish, with two grey lines.
Two specimens, Mount Cook, in February (Fereday).
Apparently nearest to S. philetzra and S. periphanes, but
superficially very distinct.
Scoparia parachalca, n. sp.
¢. 17mm. Head and thorax dark bronzy-fuscous. Palpi 2, dark
fuscous, white towards base beneath. Antennal ciliations 4. Fore-
wings elongate, posteriorly dilated, apex obtuse, termen nearly
straight, faintly sinuate, little oblique, rounded beneath; rather
dark fuscous, with a few fine whitish scales ; subbasal, first, and
second lines indicated by broad golden-bronzy suffusion, but quite
undefined ; terminal area wholly suffused with golden-bronzy : cilia
fuscous, pale-mixed, with darker subbasal line. Hindwings 1}, rather
dark fuscous, darker posteriorly ; cilia as in forewings.
One specimen, Mount Cook, at 2500 feet, in December
(Hudson). Very distinct and peculiar; probably allied to
S. organza.
Scoparia organza, Di. sp.
6. 16-17 m.m. Head and thorax blackish or dark fuscous, some-
what mixed with whitish. Palpi 2, fuscous mixed with black and
white, towards base beneath white. Antennal ciliations }. Fore-
wings elongate, posteriorly dilated, apex obtuse, termen almost
straight, little oblique, rounded beneath ; dark fuscous, irregularly
irrorated with whitish ; an oblique black subbasal streak from costa
to submedian fold, white-edged anteriorly ; a black suffusion above
some ochreous scales on dorsum near base ; first and second lines
rather thick, black, first anteriorly whitish-edged, oblique, nearly
straight, very slightly bent below middle, second posteriorly
whitish-edged at extremities, almost straight, very slightly curved
near costa ; orbicular and claviform small, black, connected with first
line ; discal mark X-shaped, more or less imperfect, black, upper
part more or less filled with brownish-ochreous, and lower with
white ; these spots and lines sometimes partially mixed with brown-
ish-ochreous scales; subterminal line barely indicated by a few
whitish scales, preesubterminal space sometimes sprinkled with
brownish-ochreous : cilia fuscous, mixed with whitish, with dark
fuscous subbasal line, tips whitish. Hindwings 14, dark fuscous,
rather lighter towards base; cilia as in forewings.
570 Mr. E. Meyrick’s Descriptions of
Five specimens, Mount Cook, at 2500 feet, in December
(Hudson). Very distinct; perhaps most allied to 8S.
epicremna by the form of the lines, but readily distin-
guished by these being strong and black, whereas in
epicremna the second line is white, without black edging.
Scoparia alopecias, n. sp.
¢ 23 mm., 9 18 m.m. Head, palpi, and thorax ferruginous-
brown; palpi 24-3, white towards base beneath. Antennal ciliations
of ¢ 4. Abdomen brownish. Forewings elongate, gradually dilated,
costa nearly straight, slightly sinuate, apex obtuse, termen slightly
sinuate, rather oblique; ferruginous-brown, in @ sprinkled with
white towards termen: cilia greyish-ochreous, with two cloudy
ferruginous-brown shades. Hindwings 13, in ¢ very pale whitish-
fuscous, slightly brassy-tinged, termen suffused with fuscous, in 9
fuscous, becoming darker posteriorly ; cilia fuscous-whitish, in ?
fuscous at base.
Two specimens, Mount Cook, in February (Fereday).
Probably allied to S. avena in general characters, but very
distinct..
Scoparia chalara, n. sp.
dg ¢@. 23-25 m.m. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, sometimes
mixed with fuscous and whitish. Palpi 34, whitish-ochreous mixed
with fuscous, white towards base beneath. Antennal ciliations in ¢
3. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, apex obtuse, termen
almost straight, oblique, rounded beneath ; whitish-ochreous, more
or less mixed or tinged with brownish-ochreous and sometimes with
whitish, and in dise with dark fuscous ; first and second lines whitish,
usually very indistinct, first right-angled in middle, usually nearly
obsolete, posteriorly obscurely dark-edged, second nearly straight,
parallel to termen, slightly sinuate inwards below costa; orbicular
indicated by an undefined dark fuscous longitudinal mark ; claviform
obsolete ; discal 8-shaped, obscurely outlined with dark fuscous ;
subterminal line indicated by cloudy whitish suffusion along termen
or obsolete ; a more or less distinct series of dark fuscous terminal
dots: cilia whitish-fuscous, with two cloudy dark fuscous lines,
Hindwings 14, whitish-ochreous, brassy-tinged ; cilia whitish, base
ochreous-tinged.
Six specimens, Mount Cook, in December and February
(Hudson, Fereday). Closely allied to S. octophora, for
which it might be mistaken; it differs from that species
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand. 571
by the pale colouring, much straighter second line of fore-
wings, and absence ‘of terminal infuscation of hindwings,
S. legnota is much smaller, whiter, and more distinetly
marked,
EPIBLEMID.
Strepsicrates emplasta, n. sp.
?. 138 m.m. Head and thorax ochreous-white, forehead and
shoulders with dark fuscous spots. Abdomen grey-whitish. Fore-
wings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed,
termen slightly sinuate, oblique ; shining white, with some irregular
brown black-marked striz, strongest on basal and apical areas, little
marked on dorsal half of median area ; edge of basal patch marked
by a strong rather irregular stria ; a blackish-fuscous blotch on costa
beyond middle extending half across wing; a triangular brown
black-marked tornal spot, reaching half across wing ; a longitudinal
dark brown dash towards costa before apex ; a dark brown streak
along termen: cilia fuscous, mixed with whitish and blackish.
Hindwings grey ; cilia pale grey, with darker subbasal line; veins 3
‘and 4 coincident.
One specimen, Invercargill (Hudson).
TORTRICIDZ.
Pyrgotis pyramidias, n. sp.
6. 16 mm. Head orange. Palpi ochreous mixed with dark
fuscous. Thorax orange-ochreous. Forewings rather elongate-
triangular, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, prominent,
termen oblique, rather sharply concave on upper half, prominent in
middle ; reddish-ochreous, sprinkled with dark crimson, suffusedly
irrorated with whitish except towards base and dorsal spot ; a sharp
white triangular dorsal spot before middle, reaching nearly half across
wing, anterior side shortest, enclosing two dark reddish-fuscous dorsal
dots: cilia reddish-ochreous, with dark reddish median line, basal
half whitish-mixed. Hindwings whitish-grey, becoming whitish
towards costa, greyer terminally ; cilia whitish, with grey basal line.
One specimen, Invercargill (Philpott).
Proselena emphanes, u: sp.
Q. 14m.m. Head and thorax deep ferruginous. Abdomen dark
grey. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa moderately arched anteriorly,
apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, vertical, rounded beneath ; deep
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PAkT IV. (DEC.) 38
572 Mr. E. Meyrick’s Descriptions of
ferruginous, irregularly strewn with reddish-ochreous ; space between
basal patch and central fascia forming an oblique band glossed with
ashy-purplish ; central fascia edged posteriorly by an oblique white
bar from costa, not reaching half across wing, beyond which is a
triangular ochreous-yellow costal spot; a purplish-leaden-metallic
streak before tornus, reaching half across wing, and a similar sub-
terminal streak from costa to tornus: cilia ferruginous, with a
purplish basal line, becoming yellow-whitish towards tips beneath
apex. Hindwings dark fuscous, rather lighter towards base.
One specimen, Mount Peel, at 5400 feet (Hudson).
Harmologa petrias, n. sp.
gd. 15m.m. Head and thorax fuscous, mixed with dark fuscous,
ochreous, and whitish; thorax crested. Abdomen rather dark
fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,
termen straight, little oblique, rounded beneath ; fuscous irregularly
sprinkled with whitish ; markings formed by ochreous iroration,
mixed especially on edges with black ; basal patch with outer edge
somewhat obtusely angulated in middle; central fascia moderate,
somewhat irregular-edged ; costal patch rhomboidal, almost confluent
with an erect suboval spot from tornus: cilia fuscous mixed with
whitish. Hindwings rather dark fuscous, darker terminally ; cilia
whitish-fuscous, with a fuscous line.
I took one specimen at Invercargill in December.
Harmologa achrosta, n. sp.
gd. 12mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous. Fore-
wings elongate, moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately
arched, apex obtuse, termen straight, rather oblique ; dark fuscous,
partially suffusedly glossed with ashy-purplish, without defined
markings: cilia fuscous, with a darker line. Hindwings dark
fuscous.
One specimen (rather poor), Mount Arthur, at 2800 feet
(Hudson).
Cacecia fervida, n. sp.
dé. 13 m.m. Head and thorax dark fuscous, mixed with deep
ferruginous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa
moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, rather
oblique, rounded beneath, costal fold strong, from base to $; ashy-
purple, with ferruginous reflections ; dorsum dotted alternately with
dark fuscous and whitish ; irregular partly interrupted pale ochreous
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand. 573
transverse strigee, becoming bright deep ferruginous on costa, thicker
and partially confluent towards dorsum before middle; a rather
narrow bright deep ferruginous fascia from # of costa to termen
above tornus, much dilated on costa, edged with pale ochreous scales :
cilia ferruginous, basal half suffused with ashy-grey. Hindwings
dark grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia grey-whitish, with dark grey
basal line.
One specimen, Kaitoka, in November (Hudson).
Cacecia orthropis, n. sp.
6. 19-22m.m. Head and thorax light brownish-ochreous, some-
times mixed with ferruginous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Fore-
wings rather broad, costa rather strongly arched, apex obtuse, termen
sinuate below apex, hardly oblique, rounded beneath ; costal fold
very slight, from base to 2; whitish-ochreous, sometimes much
mixed or suffused with reddish-ochreous or light brownish, especially
on posterior half ; costa and dorsum more or less dotted with dark
fuscous ; a fuscous striga indicating edge of basal patch, obtusely
angulated above middle, becoming obsolete dorsally ; central fascia
dark reddish-fuscous or red-brown on upper half, obsolete on lower
half or with edges faintly indicated ; costal patch triangular, suffused,
reddish-brown, tending to be merged in general suffusion ; two
blackish dots towards termen in middle, and three transversely
placed above tornus: cilia whitish-ochreous, mostly suffused with
reddish-brown or light fuscous. Hindwings ochreous-whitish (in the
Dunedin specimen fuscous-tinged), partially often faintly grey-
spotted, more or less tinged or suffused with light fuscous towards
dorsum ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with grey basal line.
Nine specimens, Nelson and Dunedin, in January (self) ;
Wellington (Hudson).
GELECHIADA.
Gelechia hippeis, n. sp.
6 @. 15-16 m.m. Head ochreous-white. Palpi ochreous-white,
basal joint and a subapical band of terminal joint dark fuscous,
Antenne fuscous. Thorax dark purplish-fuscous. Abdomen light
ochreous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate, acutely pointed ; rather
dark purplish-bronzy-fuscous ; stigmata darker, obscurely defined,
first discal obliquely beyond plical and near second: cilia pale
whitish-ochreous, towards base bronzy-tinged. Hindwings with
veins 6 and 7 nearly parallel ; whitish-grey ; cilia pale whitish-
ochreous.
574 Mr. E. Meyrick’s Descriptions of
Two specimens, Christchurch, taken at light in December
(Fereday).
(ECOPHORIDA.
Gymnobathra thetodes, n. sp.
g. 18-19 m.m. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, partially
fuscous-tinged. Palpi whitish, more or less irrorated with dark fuscous.
Antenne whitish, dotted with dark fuscous. Abdomen pale ochreous.
Legs ochreous-whitish, more or less banded with dark fuscous. Fore-
wings elongate, rather dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex
obtuse, termen oblique, barely subsinuate beneath apex ; pale ochreous,
sprinkled with fuscous, sometimes indistinctly streaked longitudinally
with whitish ; stigmata rather large, ill-defined, dark fuscous, plical
rather obliquely beyond first discal; a hardly perceptible pale
angulated postmedian line, veins preceding this more or less marked
with dark fuscous ; a series of very obscure dark dots on termen and
apical portion of costa: cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings pale
grey ; cilia ochreous-grey-whitish.
Three specimens, Akaroa and Oakley, in November and
January (Fereday). The most obscure-looking species of
the genus.
Borkhausenia (Gicophora) actinias, un. sp.
gd. 16-18 m.m. Head yellow. Palpi whitish, base of terminal
joint, and second joint except towards apex dark fuscous externally.
Antenne grey. Thorax yellow, shoulders dark fuscous. Abdomen
dark grey. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa moderately arched,
apex round-pointed, termen rather strongly oblique ; yellow ; athick
dark fuscous costal streak along basal third, posteriorly suffused ;
plical stigma well-marked, dark fuscous, placed in an undefined
streak of dark fuscous irroration extending from disc above middle to
dorsum before middle but sometimes almost obsolete ; second discal
stigma dark fuscous, connected with tornus by a wedge-shaped dark
fuscous streak ; a cloudy fuscous or dark fuscous curved subterminal
line, sharply indented inwards beneath costa ; a small fuscous or
dark fuscous apical spot: cilia yellow, with thick dark fuscous bars
at apex and tornus. Hindwings grey, becoming dark grey posteriorly;
cilia grey.
Four specimens, Wellington (Hudson).
Borkhausenia hoplodesma, Meyr.
There is a series of this species in Mr. Fereday’s
collection, from which I find that, whilst the original
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand. 575
example described is normal, the species varies largely ; in
some specimens the grey fasciz are wholly obsolete, or
replaced by a general vague, grey irroration; however the
species remains distinct and easy of recognition.
ELACHISTID.
Stathmopoda aposema, n. sp.
6. 19 mm. Head, antenne, and thorax whitish-ochreous.
Palpi ochreous-whitish. Abdomen pale grey, towards base pale
ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior pair dark grey, posterior
pair grey-spotted. Forewings whitish-ochreous, with a few light
brownish scales, and a light brownish suffusion along termen; a
grey elongate submedian mark in disc at 2: cilia light fuscous, on
costa whitish-ochreous. Hindwings dark grey, pale and thinly
scaled towards base ; cilia grey.
I took one specimen at Auckland in December.
Stathmopoda mysteriastis, 0. sp.
¢. 13 m.m. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax pale whitish-
ochreous. Abdomen grey, margins whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish,
anterior pair dark fuscous, posterior pair spotted with dark fuscous.
Forewings pale whitish-ochreous ; a suffused shining grey streak
along costa from base to apex, a second through disc, and a third along
fold to tornus and thence along termen to apex, these all confluent at .
base and apex and very indistinctly separable throughout : cilia grey.
Hindwings dark grey ; cilia grey.
I took one specimen at Auckland in December, in the
same place as the previous insect, it is therefore conceivable
that they are forms of oue very variable species; however,
having now waited fifteen years for further material
without getting it, I think it best to publish them as
distinet.
PLUTELLIDA.
Yponomeuta cuprea, n. sp.
¢. 15 mm. Head and thorax pale ochreous, coppery-tinged.
Palpi coppery-ochreous, terminal joint much longer than second.
Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen
sinuate, very oblique ; light brownish-ochreous, with strong coppery
reflections ; a fine blackish streak along central third of submedian
fold ; a black discal dot at 2; dorsum to beyond tornus irregularly
576 Mr. E. Meyrick’s Descriptions of
dotted with blackish scales: cilia pale brownish-ochreous, with two
indistinct brownish lines. Hindwings grey ; cilia light grey.
One specimen, unlabelled, but probably from Christ-
church (Fereday). This is an interesting addition, the
genus Yponomeuta not having been previously recorded
from New Zealand; the present species, though quite
normal in structure, differs Lae in superficial appearance
from any other.
Plutella antuphona, n. sp.
@. 14 m.m. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish,
tuft long, mixed with fuscous. Antenne whitish, with narrow
median, two ante-apical bands, and apex blackish. Thorax ochreous-
whitish, shoulders sprinkled with fuscous. Abdomen light greyish-
ochreous. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with ochreous-whitish. Fore-
wings elongate, rather narrow, long-pointed ; pale whitish-ochreous,
with longitudinal rows of small ochreous spots ; dorsal half wholly
fuscous mixed with blackish, upper edge somewhat irregular, running
from base of costa to apex of wing: cilia ochreous-whitish, on costa
spotted with brownish irroration, on termen brownish-suffused, with
blackish line. Hindwings with veins 5 and 6 stalked ; grey ; cilia
light greyish-ochreous.
One specimen, Wellington (Hudson).
TINEIDZ.
Anuphixystis. n. g
Head smooth on crown, with a raised fillet between antenne,
behind which are two short erect pencils of scales, face smooth,
oblique. Tongue obsolete. Antenne 1, basal joint moderate,
swollen, without pecten. Labial palpi moderate, slender, smooth,
cylindrical, second joint ascending, terminal joint shorter, porrected,
obtuse. Maxillary palpi long, several-jointed, folded. Posterior
tibiz clothed with long hairs above. Forewings: 1b simple, 2 and
3 remote from angle, 4 and 5 connate from angle, 6 and 7 stalked, 7
to costa, 8 and 9 approximated to 7, 10 remote, 11 from before
middle. Hindwings 2, linear-lanceolate, cilia 3; 2, 3, 4, 5 equi-
distant, 6 and 7 connate, 6 to apex.
A singular genus, perhaps most related to the Australian
Hieroxestis, itself very peculiar and apparently isolated.
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand. 577
A. hapsimacha, n. sp.
?. 13m.m. Head, palpi, antennz, thorax, abdomen, and legs
whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate; whitish-ochreous,
with a few fuscous scales on veins; costal edge near apex dark
fuscous: cilia whitish-ochreous, Hindwings brassy-grey ; cilia light
grey, slightly purplish-tinged.
One specimen, Wellington (Hudson).
Dryadaula pactolia, n. sp.
6 2. 811 mm. Head ochreous-yellowish. Palpi ochreous-
whitish. Antenne ochreous-whitish ringed with dark fuscous, with
three or four dark fuscous bands on apical half. Thorax ochreous-
yellowish, spotted with dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Fore-
wings broad-lanceolate ; rather dark shining bronzy-fuscous, with a
suffused deep ochreous-yellow streak along submedian fold, extending
at base to dorsum ; two slender white transverse fascia, first from
4 of costa to 4 of dorsum, angulated below middle, second from
middle of costa to middle of dorsum, angulated in middle, dilated on
costa; a straight erect white line from tornus, not reaching costa ; an
irregular whitish outwards-angulated line from § of costa to above
middle of termen : cilia pale fuscous, basal half barred with dark
bronzy-fuscous and whitish. Hindwings and cilia fuscous.
* Four specimens, Nelson and Bealey River, in January
(self) ; Wellington (Hudson).
Lreunetis exospila, n. sp.
4. 12m.m. Head whitish-ochreous, between antenne infuscated.
Palpi whitish-ochreous, externally partially infuscated. Antenne
whitish-ochreous, ringed with fuscous. Thorax ochreous. Abdomen
pale whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate ; brownish-
ochreous ; a white costal streak from base, separating at # into two
branches which run to termen in middle and below apex, and
partially confluent towards base with a straight white streak from
base of costa to termen above tornus; a round black apical spot,
partly in cilia, preceded by a fine black bar in costal cilia and
surmounted by two diverging fuscous bars, cilia otherwise ochreous-
whitish, with two fuscous bars below apex. Hindwings and cilia pale
whitish-ochreous.
I took one specimen at Whangarei in December.
a6 Mr. E. Meyrick’s Descriptions of
*
SUPPLEMENT.
EPIBLEMID&.
Epiblema aphrias, n. sp.
6.9mm. Head white, sides of crown mixed with dark grey.
Palpi white, mixed with dark grey except towards base. Antenne
grey. Thorax white sprinkled with grey. Abdomen dark grey,
anal tuft whitish. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, termen
nearly straight, rather strongly oblique ; whitish, with a few scattered
grey strigule ; basal area more mixed with grey, limited by a rather
broad ochreous-grey fascia reaching from dorsum # across wing, its
lower half blackish ; central fascia moderate, ochreous-grey, with
several small spots of black scales, bifurcate on costa, dilated on
tornus ; a small ochreous-grey spot on costa towards apex, and a patch
on upper half of termen, sometimes confluent: cilia grey, tips
whitish. Hindwings dark grey, lighter towards base ; cilia grey ;
3 and 4 coincident.
I took two specimens at Invercargill in December.
This species is allied to fugitivana, Meyr.; I think the
genus Protithona must be merged in Lpiblema.
TORTRICID.
Adoxophyes trichroa, 0. sp.
@.19m.m. Head, palpi, and thorax dark reddish-fuscous mixed
with whitish-ochreous, shoulders with a ferruginous spot. Antenne
whitish, ringed with dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Forewings
moderate, elongate-oblong, costa anteriorly moderately arched,
posteriorly straight, apex somewhat produced, termen sinuate, rather
oblique; deep brown-reddish ; an irregular shining white streak
above middle from base to costa before apex, attenuated towards base,
about middle, and at #; costal area above this streak suffused with
ferruginous-ochreous, rest of wing suffusedly mixed with shining
white and blackish, apex beneath streak wholly blackish ; a shining
white suffused subcostal streak on basal 4, and one along fold from
base to near tornus, interrupted at 4: cilia deep brown-reddish, mixed
with whitish*and dark fuscous. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish,
basal third grey.
I took one specimen at Whangarei in December.
oF:
>
>
a
A
4
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand. 579
‘ :
Cacecia postvittana, Walk.
This common Australian species was bred at Christ-
church by Mr. Fereday from a larva feeding in imported
apples, and has also been taken at Wellington by Mr.
Hudson, probably similarly introduced; there is no proof
yet that it has established itself, but being very polyphagous
it may probably do so.
Cacecia astrologana, Meyr.
A Tasmanian species, which has been also met with at
Wellington by Mr. Hudson; whether native or introduced
there is no evidence to show.
HLACHISTIDA.
Batrachedra tristicta, n. sp.
62. 10-11 mm. Head, antenne, thorax, abdomen, and legs
fuscous-whitish. Palpi whitish, second joint with short scale-
projection, subbasal and subapical spots of second joint, and basal
and subapical spots of terminal dark fuscous. Forewings whitish,
irrorated with fuscous and sprinkled with dark fuscous ; first and
second discal stigmata elongate, black, first somewhat before middle ;
a round black apical dot: cilia very pale whitish-fuscous. Hind-
wings grey ; cilia pale whitish-fuscous.
Two specimens taken at Makatoku, in March.
Batrachedra agaura, n. sp.
$@. 13-17mm. Head pale whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish,
second joint dark fuscous towards apex, scale-projection slight,
terminal joint more or less suffused with dark fuscous except base
and apex. Antenne and thorax whitish-ochreous, reddish-tinged.
Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs dark fuscous, suffusedly ringed
with ochreous-whitish. Forewings whitish-ochreous or pale reddish-
ochreous, more or less suffused with dark fuscous or dark reddish-
fuscous irroration ; plical and first and second discal stigmata large,
dark fuscous, plical at 2, first discal slightly beyond middle: cilia
pale fuscous, on costa ochreous-whitish dotted with dark fuscous,
round apex with a black basal line. Hindwings rather dark fuscous ;
eilia light fuscous or pale ochreous.
Hight specimens, taken at Whangarei, Nelson, and
Mount Arthur, in December and January.
XVIII. Contributions to a Knowledge of the Rhynchota.
By W. L. DISTANT.
[Read November 6th, 1901.]
PuLaTE XVI.
THE following descriptions appertain to a number of inter-
esting species, some recently included in my collection.
For the species from Hainan Island and the two beautiful
Cicadas here figured, I have to thank my ever-helpful
friend Dr. E. A. Heath.
An undescribed Catacanthus from India, where C.
incarnatus, Drury, is such a dominant and widely-spread
species, was unexpected, and C. mirabilis, sp. n., from
Travancore makes a second species of the genus known to
inhabit British India. A small collection placed in my
hands by Mr. R. Shelford, of the Sarawak Museum, contained
some interesting novelties, of which Coptosoma regnum,
sp. n., is one of, if not the finest species in the genus, and
it is evident that our present knowledge of the Bornean
Rhynchota is still very imperfect.
HETEROPTERA.
Family PENTATOMIDA.
Subfamily PLATASPIDIN A.
Coptosoma regnum, sp.n. (Plate XVI, fig. 4, a. b.)
Ochraceous; head and a large apical subtriangular ‘patch to
scutellum—occupying about half of the whole area—black ; head
with two ochraceous lateral spots containing some dark punctures ;
pronotum with scattered coarse black punctures and two waved
piceous lines on anterior area ; scutellum with scattered coarse dark
_ punctures on ochraceous area, the black apical area coarsely punctate
and with some castaneous reticulations; sternum black, opaque ;
abdomen and legs pale castaneous, abdominal disk and segmental
margin black.
Head broad, moderately convexly produced anteriorly, the central
lobe gibbously raised and reaching the anterior margin, margins of
the lateral lobes moderately reflexed ; pronotum with the lateral
angles distinctly broadly convexly subprominent.
Long. 7 millim. Max. lat. 7 millim.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.)
582 Mr. W. L. Distant’s
Hab. Bornko, Matang (Shelford).
This large and magnificent species cannot well be
confounded with any Coptosoma at present described.
Subfamily SCUTELLERIN 4.
Chrysocoris wndigoferus, sp. n.
Above metallic-green ; central lobe of head, three broad longitu-
dinal fascize to pronotum—not reaching anterior margin and the two
outermost broken near apices—and a spot near lateral angles,
scutellum with three large spots on each side, a very small basal, a
large discal elongate spot and the apex, dark indigo-blue ; body
beneath, rostrum, and legs ochraceous; margin of head beneath,
lateral segmental spots to sternum, apices of rostrum and femora, the
tibia, and marginal segmental spots to abdomen, dark indigo-blue ;
central spots between the coxe, and the antenne black, the last with
the basal joint—excluding apex—ochraceous.
Second joint of antennz very short, third and fourth alm
subequal, each shorter than the fifth.
Long. 15 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 9 millim.
Hab. HAINAN ISLAND.
In structure and markings of the body above this species
is closely allied to C. bilunulatus, Vollenh., but differs
entirely by the colour beneath.
Subfamily CYDNIN ZL.
Fromundus, gen. nov.
Body somewhat short and broad, above opaque. Head moderately
exserted, the eyes prominent and not resting on the anterior margin
of the pronotum, lateral margins rounded, anterior margin broad,
sub-truncate, central lobe as long as the lateral lobes, the margins
with about twelve long hairs, antenne five-jointed, first and second
joints shortest, most slender, and subequal in length ; third, fourth
and fifth incrassated, fifth longest ; rostrum reaching the intermediate
coxe, second joint reaching the anterior coxe ; pronotum broader
than long, anterior margin concavely excavated for the insertion of
the head, the anterior angles broadly prominent, extending beyond
the outer margin of eyes, lateral margins slightly obliquely rounded,
and furnished with some scattered long hairs ; scutellum longer than
broad, reaching to about two-thirds the length of the abdomen,
lateral margins slightly convex and narrowed to apex ; corium about
two-thirds the length of the abdomen, outer margin moderately
Contributions to a Knowledge of the Rhynchota. 583
dilated and convex, much broader than the abdomen, posterior
margin slightly sinuate ; membrane short ; anterior tibize moderately
dilated, with five or six spines on their outer margin, and with two
apical spines ; intermediate and posterior tibiz longly spinous on
both sides.
This genus is somewhat difficult to precisely locate. In
a general enumeration I should place it in the neighbour-
hood of Hiverus. In my Indian monograph I record it
after Brachypelta.
Fromundus opacus, sp. n.
Dull dark castaneous, very closely and thickly punctate, the lateral
margins of the coriui paler in hue ; antenne and rostrum ochraceous ;
sternum and legs castaneous ; abdomen piceous, shining ; membrane
pale hyaline.
Pronotum with two obscure dull discal patches ; scutellum with a
levigate spot near each basal angle ; the upper surface very thickly
and somewhat coarsely punctate ; abdomen beneath finely punctate,
Long. 4 millim. Max. lat. 3 millim.
Hab. CEYLON (Green—Brit. Mus.).
Sehirus orientalis, sp. na.
Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs, black ; corium
very dark castaneous, with two small discal ochraceous spots placed
one above the other; membrane hyaline, the venation brownish ;
tarsi ochraceous ; antenne brownish, the apical joint palest.
Head broad, strongly punctate, the lateral lobes much longer than
central lobe and meeting in front of it ; pronotum strongly punctate
with a strong transverse central impression, and with three longitu-
dinal furrows on posterior half; scutellum thickly punctate, lateral
areas prominently grooved, a faint central carinate line, and the
apex a little depressed ; corium coarsely punctate, the veins very
prominent. .
Long. 3 millim.
Hab. BurMA, Karen.
Subfamily PENTATOMIN 41.
Pretextatus, gen. nov.
Body ovate ; head with the lateral margins laminate, angulated in
front of eyes and then distinctly sinuate, the lateral lobes longer than
the central lobe but not quite meeting at their apices, eyes prominent ;
584 Mr. W. L. Distant’s
antenne five-jointed, basal joint not reaching the apex of the head ;
pronotum with the lateral margins oblique, laminate, slightly but
distinctly recurved ; the anterior angles prominent, anterior margin
sinuated for the reception of the head, lateral angles subprominent ;
scutellum shorter than the corium gradually attenuated to apex
which is narrow and obtusely acute ; membrane with longitudinal
veins, some furcate but not reticulate ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate cox, first joint not quite reaching base of head ; meso- and
metasterna somewhat obscurely furrowed.
Allied to 4idnus, Dall., and differing principally by the
narrowed scutellum; also by the sinuated and more
reflexed lateral margins of the head, etc.
Pretextatus typicus, sp. n.
Blackish-castaneous, the corium a little paler in hue ; membrane
fuliginous ; antenne piceous, the apical joint stramineous ; body
beneath black ; legs and rostrum dark castaneous ; pronotum with
two small central pale spots on anterior disk.
Antenne with the fourth joint longest, second shorter than third ;
upper surface thickly punctate, scutellum transversely wrinkled.
Long. 13 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 7 millim.
Hab. BuRMA (Coll. Dist.).
Valescus, gen. nov.
Somewhat broadly ovate ; head with the lateral margins reflexed,
moderately laminate, angulated in front of eyes, the lateral lobes
longer than the central and cleft at their apices, eyes large and
prominent ; antenne five-jointed, basal joint not reaching the apex
of the head ; pronotum with the anterior angles broadly truncate
and acutely angulated at their apices, lateral margins oblique,
moderately laminate and very finely crenulate, lateral angles sub-
prominent, posterior margin nearly straight, anterior margin
excavated for the reception of the head behind which it is truncate ;
scutellum more than half the length of the abdomen and narrowed
before apex which is rounded; membrane not quite reaching apex of
abdomen and with longitudinal veins ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate cox, the first joint almost extending to base of head ;
meso- and metasterna somewhat obscurely furrowed; antenne,
tibie, and tarsi distinctly pilose.
Allied to Adnus and Pretextatus.
Contributions to a Knowledge of the Rhynchota. 585
Valescus nigricans, sp. 0.
Very dark blackish-castaneous ; antenne, rostrum, coxe and legs
dark ochraceous; fifth joint of antennz stramineous with its
extreme apex piceous. Antenne pilose, second joint a little shorter
than third fourth or fifth joints which are subequal in length ; head
coarsely punctate with a small impunctate spot before each eye ;
pronotum transversely wrinkled, thickly punctate on the anterior
and lateral margins, rugulose on posterior area ; scutellum trans-
versely wrinkled, obscurely finely punctate on apical area ; corium
thickly punctate ; sternum coarsely punctate, abdomen very finely
and obscurely punctate.
Long. 12 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 7 millim.
Hab. CEYLON (G. Lewis).
Hyparete vitrensis, sp. 0.
Dark ochraceous, thickly punctate; eyes, two discal spots to
pronotum, a spot at each basal angle and the apex and apical
margins of scutellum, and a spot near anterior and intermediate
coxee, black ; abdomen beneath—excluding lateral margins—pale
castaneous.
Antennz ochraceous, apices of third fourth and fifth joints
infuscated, basal joint almost as long as the head its apex extending
considerably beyond it, second fourth and fifth joints subequal in
length, third a little shorter but longer than first, head with the
basal area impunctate, containing three double longitudinal rows of
punctures ; pronotum with the anterior angles extending a little
beyond the latitude of the eyes, and terminating in a short spinous-
tubercle, posterior angles obtusely subprominent, corium with the
lateral margins moderately ampliated and rounded; abdomen
beneath with the lateral margins widened and convexly rounded,
with the second and third joints sulcated at base ; rostrum just
passing the posterior coxe ; membrane with longitudinal veins,
and considerably extending beyond the apex of abdomen.
Long. 16 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 7% millim.
Hab. Fist ISLANDS.
Catacanthus mirabilis, sp.n. (Plate XVI, fig. 3, a. b.)
Reddish-ochraceous ; head, lateral and anterior margins of
pronotum, two-thirds of the scutellum from base terminating in a
lanceolate line, a large transverse rounded spot completely crossing
eorium a little beyond middle, sternum, disk of basal abdominal
586 Mr. W. L. Distant’s
segment and large lateral abdominal spots dark bluish-green ;
antennz, legs, two discal spots to pronotum, a series of large
marginal spots to connexivum, and central abdominal spots to
abdomen, dark indigo-blue; membrane brassy black; extreme
apices of femora, coxe, lateral margins of meso- and metasterna,
posterior margin of metasternum, and basal abdominal spine,
ochraceous.
Second and third joints of antennz shorter than fourth and fifth
joints; lateral margins of pronotum very distinctly reflexed ;
pronotum very obscurely punctate, scutellum and corium much more
distinctly punctate, apex of scutellum almost levigate ; membrane
considerably passing apex of abdomen.
Long. incl. membrane 28 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 13 millim.
Hab. InptA, Travancore.
A species by markings more resembling C. nigripes,
Sulz., than the common oriental C. incarnatus, Drury.
Axiagastus mitescens, sp. 0.
Head, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous ; head with the
margins of the central lobe black; antennz with the basal joint
ochraceous, second third and- fourth joints black, fifth joint
mutilated ; pronotum with the lateral margins, a subanterior
marginal series of punctures, four small spots in transverse series on
anterior area, followed by a few scattered very coarse punctures, and
an irregular series of coarse punctures near posterior margin, black ;
scutellum with three large black spots, two—rounded—on anterior
disk, the other—sublunate—before apex ; corium ochraceous, very
thickly blackly punctate, the lateral margins, veins, and some discal
markings, levigate ochraceous; membrane cupreous ; body beneath
and legs ochraceous; anterior and lateral margins—narrowly—of
prosternum, coarse punctures to prosternum, a spot on each sternal
segment, stigmata—with an outer and inner row of spots, and narrow
posterior margins to abdominal segments, black.
Long. 13 to 14 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 9 millim.
Hab. HAINAN ISLAND.
Allied to A. rosmarus, Dall., from which it differs by the
much less and differently punctured head and pronotum,
different colour of antenne, etc.
Brachycoris thoracicus, sp. 0.
Head, pronotum, and antenne black; corium and scutellum
ochraceous ; nearly basal half of corium, and less than basal half of
Contributions to a Knowledge of the Rhynchota. 587
lateral margins of scutellum, black; apical areas of corium and
scutellum tinged with pale castaneous; membrane pale, smoky,
hyaline ; pronotum with five prominent, levigate, pale ochraceous
spots—the central one transverse and longest—in curved series on
anterior disk ; body beneath and legs ochraceous; head beneath,
rostrum, lateral areas of sternum, and anterior tibiz excluding base,
black; apices of intermediate and posterior tibiw obscurely
castaneous.
Head and pronotum finely transversely wrinkled and punctate,
corium and scutellum thickly and finely punctate ; antenne with
the fourth and fifth joints incrassated, fourth shorter than fifth, third
shorter than second ; rostrum just passing the intermediate coxe.
Long. 6 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 4 millim.
fab. BORNEO, Muching (Shelford).
The pronotal levigate spots are a distinguishing feature
of this species.
Subfamily THSSARATOMINZE.
Pygoplatys Shelford, sp. n.
Reddish-ochraceous ; antenne, and the posterior margins of lateral
pronotal spines, black ; basal margins of odoriferous apertures piceous ;
basal joint of antennz reddish-ochraceous ; membrane ochraceous.
Antenne with the second joint much longer than the third—
remainder mutilated ; head sparingly punctate and obscurely trans-
versely wrinkled ; pronotum somewhat sparingly but coarsely
punctate, two small transverse almost impunctate spaces on anterior
area, lateral angles prominently spinous, acutely and moderately
anteriorly produced, their anterior margins very thickly and coarsely
punctate ; scutellum finely punctate, about apical half much nar-
rowed, deeply centrally sulcate, the extreme apex piceous ; corium
thickly and finely punctate; connexivum coarsely and darkly punc-
tate, sternal process just passing anterior coxe ; abdomen prominently
centrally ridged ; lateral margins of the posterior abdominal segment
and posterior margin of the anal appendage, narrowly black.
Long. 25 millim. Exp. pronot. angl. 17 millim.
Hab, BoRNEO, Baram (Shelford).
Family PYRRHOCORIDZ.
Largus umbrosus, sp. n.
Dull opaque ochraceous ; head, antenne, and legs, piceous ; pro-
notum with scattered dark coarse punctures, anterior area somewhat
castaneous, an oblique spot at each anterior angle and the posterior
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.) 39
588 Mr. W. L. Distant’s
margin pale, impunctate ; scutellum somewhat castaneois, darkly
punctate ; corium sparsely darkly punctate, the lateral margins and
apical area impunctate ; sternum castaneous, greyishly pilose, lateral
margins and coxe, ochraceous, posterior margin of metasternum
luteous ; abdomen pale castaneous, posterior segmental margins
luteous.
Anterior femora with three spines beneath near apex, the central
spine much the longest ; rostrum reaching or just passing the inter-
mediate coxee, antennz with the first and acide joints juges second
longer than the third.
Long. 10 to 12 millim.
Hab. WEST INDIES.
For over twenty years I have possessed a series of this
distinct species for which I had no more precise habitat
than the above. Uhler records no species of the genus
from Smith’s Antillian collection. The only Cuban species
described is abundantly distinct. I have decided now to
describe the species under the somewhat loose habitat of
“West Indies.”
Largus genvculatus, sp. n.
Head, antennz, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath, rostrum, and
legs, piceous ; extreme base and root of first joint of antenna,
anterior and posterior margins and sublateral anterior spots to pro-
notum, buccule, coxee, bases and apices of femora, bases of tibiz, and
lateral sternal margins, sanguineous ; apex of scutellum and the corium
reddish-ochraceous, thickly, coarsely, and blackly punctate, the lateral
margins to corium impunctate ; membrane very pale ochraceous, not
reaching apex of abdomen. First joint of antenne longer than
second or third joints but shorter than fourth joint ; pronotum and
scutellum sparingly, coarsely, punctate ; body beneath finely pilose ;
body elongate, broadest at about centre of corium.
Long. 12 millim. Max. lat. 44 millim.
Hab. COLOMBIA, Cauca (Dr. Thieme).
Stictaulax flammeolus, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; eyes, anterior, lateral, and
posterior margins of pronotum, luteous ; corium and the apex of
the scutellum cinnamoneus ; membrane brownish-ochraceous ; body
beneath luteous ; head beneath, large transverse spots near coxe,
discal segmental fascize to abdomen, rostrum, and legs black ; antenne
with the first and second joints black, remainder mutilated.
E.
Contributions to a Knowledge of the Rhynchota. 589
Head glabrous; pronotum obscurely punctate ; corium thickly and
finely punctate ; body beneath levigate.
Long. 15 millim.
Hab. near PorT MoRESBY.
Allied to S. circwmsepta, Stal., from which it is distin-
guished by the levigate and fasciate under surface of the
body.
Dindymus obesius, sp. 0.
Reddish-ochraceous; scutellum, and basal area of abdomen beneath
—the last centrally extending for about half its length and nowhere
reaching the lateral margins—black ; apical joint of antennz ochr-
aceous, its extreme apex fuscous ; apex of scutellum reddish-ochr-
aceous ; membrane ochraceous ; sternum, excluding lateral margins,
a little darker in hue.
Abdomen very gibbous beneath, its sides moderately compressed ;
pronotum with the lateral margins strongly reflexed, inwardly bor-
dered with some coarse punctures, anterior area gibbous and pos-
teriorly defined by a transverse series of coarse punctures ; scutellum
with a transverse discal lunate ridge ; corium with clavus thickly
punctate.
Long. 16 millim. Max. abdom. exp. 7 millim.
Hab. Sumatra (H. O. Forbes).
Dindymus famosus, sp. 0.
Black ; posterior lobe of pronotum dark castaneous ; scutellum
luteous, its base narrowly black ; corium and abdomen beneath red-
dish-ochraceous ; membrane black with a large central transverse
ochraceous fascia.
Antenne with the first joint much longer than the second—
remainder mutilated ; pronotum with the lateral margins somewhat
strongly reflexed, head and anterior pronotal lobe levigate ; posterior
pronotal lobe somewhat coarsely punctate ; corium almost impunc-
tate, clavus distinctly punctate ; body beneath impunctate.
Long. 13 millim.
Hab. DuKE YorK ISLAND.
Scantius obscurus, sp. 0.
Dark piceous, unicolorous, a little paler or dark castaneous beneath.
Above thickly but very finely punctate ; pronotum with a broad
central ridge on anterior disk, its lateral margins slightly reflexed ;
590 Mr. W. L. Distant’s
antenn robust, first and second joints longest and subequal in
length, third a little shorter than fourth.
Long. 7 millim.
Hab. CEYLON.
Allied to S. volucris, Gerst, an East African species, but
of which I possess examples from the Madras province of
Brit. India.
Dysdercus mawrus, sp. 0.
Head, antennz, scutellum, membrane, and legs, black ; corium
dark piceous, its lateral margins narrowing luteous; pronotum
ochraceous, the anterior transverse callosity and lateral margins
reddish-ochraceous, the margins of the callosity and the subbasal
margin, black; sternum and abdomen beneath luteous ; lateral -
margins of sternum and a transverse spot on each lateral area of
sternal segments, lateral margins of abdomen—broadly—and a
central discal fascia, coxee, and extreme bases of femora, reddish-
ochraceous ; rostrum castaneous, its base and apex piceous ; base of
apical joint of antennz luteous.
Posterior area of pronotum sparingly punctate; corium and
clavus thickly punctate ; rostrum reaching the second abdominal
segment.
Long. 10 millim.
Hab. PERNAMBUCO, Quipapa.
Dysdercus caribbsus, sp. 0.
Ochraceous ; head, transverse callosity and laternal margins of
pronotum, pale sanguineous; head with the apex, a basal central fascia,
a spot in front of eyes and basal margin, black ; pronotum with a vari-
ably sized piceous patch on posterior area ; scutellum piceous its basal
angles reddish ; an oblique discal line, a transverse fasciaand narrower
apical fascia to corium piceous ; membrane black ; rostrum pale castan-
eous its base and apex piceous ; sternum and abdomen luteous ; lateral
margins of sternum and abdomen, a transverse spot on the lateral
areas of each sternal segment, cox and femora reddish-ochraceous ;
tibize and tarsi piceous ; antenne castaneous, its apical joint piceous
with the base luteous; rostrum reaching the third abdominal
segment.
Long. 9 to 10 millim.
Hab. ANTILLES.*
* The remarks previously made with reference to this locality
(supra p. 588) are again applicable.
Contributions to a Knowledge of the Rhynchota. 591
Var. a. Head unspotted ; apices of femora piceous.
Var. b. Resembling Var. a., but with the corium and
posterior lobe of pronotum without piceous markings,
excepting the oblique discal line to corium.
HOMOPTERA.
Family CICADIDS.
Pecilopsalivria hova, sp. n. (Plate XVI, fig. 2, a. b.)
6. Head and thorax above olivaceous-green. Head with the
front transversely striated with black and containing two anterior
pale greenish spots ; vertex with the area of the ocelli, from which
a curved fascia extends to eyes, a spot at anterior angles, and four
small basal spots—those near eyes the largest, black. Pronotum
with a spot on anterior margin, two elongate discal spots, two small
rounded spots at centre of inner anterior margin, and the oblique
incisures, black ; mesonotum with two central dentate spots on
anterior margin, followed by both a small and elongate spot on each
side, a small central triangular spot, and a spot at each of the anterior
angles of the cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen above piceous very
thickly greyishly pilose, the segmental margins and a basal central
fascia olivaceous. Body beneath pale greenish-ochraceous ; base and
apex of face, basal spots and subapical annulations to femora, tarsi,
apex of rostrum, and abdominal segmental margins black ; opercula
piceous their apical margins narrowly luteous.
Tegmina with the basal half pale greenish, the costal membrane,
venation, and basal cell ochraceous; apical half-grey semi-hyaline,
irregularly spotted with fuscous, the venation ochraceous. Wings
black, greyishly pilose at base ; apical and posterior margins white ;
apical area greyish-brown with a white streak between the veins
which are black and which at their apices have a submarginal series
of black margined white spots.
Face strongly transversely striated with a profound central sulca-
tion ; rostrum just passing the posterior coxe ; opercula overlap-
ping at centre, obliquely rounded at apices; body very broad and
robust.
Long. excl. tegm. 40 millim. Exp. tegm. 116 millim.
Hab. MADAGASCAR.
The nearest ally to this beautiful species is P. brancsiki,
Dist.
Cicada sylvara, sp.n. (Plate XVI, fig. 1 2, a.b. &.)
6. Head pale olivaceous-green ; the front castaneous, ochraceous
at base with a central piceous spot; vertex with the central area
592 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Contributions, ete.
behind front ochraceous, the ocelli bright castaneous margined with
black. Prosternum olivaceous-green, with a large ochraceous discal
spot on each side ; mesosternum ochraceous, with two large but very
obscure central obconical spots at anterior margin, the outer margins
of which are intensely black ; cruciform basal elevation ochraceous.
Abdomen above more or less piceous and obscurely greyishly pilose,
posterior margins of the second third and fourth segments and
nearly the whole of the fifth and sixth segments, brownish-ochraceous.,
Body beneath with the face castaneous centrally piceous ; sternum
thickly greyishly pilose with its margins olivaceous-green, abdomen
brownish-ochraceous, sparingly greyishly pilose, in the female with
a central darker fascia ; legs castaneous, cox, apices of femora and
bases of tibize ochraceous, posterior tibize palest in hue.
Tegmina and wings pale hyaline with the venation fuscous; teg-
mina with the costal membrane, upper half of basal cell and a sub-
basal streak olivaceous-green ; a submarginal series of small fuscous
spots near apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas ; wings with
some basal lineate fuscous streaks.
¢. Opercula ochraceous, about meeting internally, lateral margins
obliquely rounded, apices convex.
Long. excl. tegm. ¢, 42 millim.; 9, 40 millim. Exp. teal 3
and ¢ 120 millim.
Hab. NORTH QUEENSLAND ; Cairns.
I have described and figured the female because it is
a fresh specimen in unfaded coloration ; the male speci-
men I possess from the same source having all the olivace-
ous-green replaced by, or faded into, ochraceous.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.
Fie. 1 9, a. b. g. Cicada sylwara.
2, a. b. Pecilopsaltria hova.
Sa. oak
4, a, b. Coptosoma regnum.
Catacanthus mirabilis.
(i 8Be,.)
XIX. The genus Hyliota, of the Coleopterous family
Cucujidee, with descriptions of new forms and a List
of the described species. By GILBERT J. ARROW,
E.E.S.
[Read Nov. 6th, 1901.]
THE genera Hyliota, Latr. (Brontes, F.), and Dendro-
phagus, Schonh., have been distinguished by characters
furnished by their respective European representatives, HZ,
planata, L., and D. crenatus, Payk., two rather widely
differing forms, but the confusion occasioned by the
result of authors’ attempts to distribute subsequently
described species between the two genera shows the
difficulty experienced in applying those distinctions to
the species now known from all parts of the world.
Indeed a glance at the various types assigned to Hyliota
will show that several genera might be formed from these,
having at least as substantial differences as those of the
typical representatives of AHyliota and Dendrophagus.
The recognized distinctions between the latter are found
in the form of the prosternum and mesosternum, the
shape of the last joint of the labial palpi and the lateral
margins of the prothorax; but these characters show so
many degrees of difference, and by their inconstancy seem
so superficial, that, after an examination of nearly all the
known species, it appears to me most natural to unite all
in a single genus, which should be called Hyliota, that
name being the oldest of the three now in use.
This course will obviate much future confusion and
difficulty, for the characteristics of the genus so constituted
are well-marked. The chief are the elongation of
the joints of the antenne, the large, more or less club-
shaped, scape, the widely-separated anterior coxx, the
truncate prosternum and the not-lobed tarsi.
Of nine species assigned to Dendrophagus in Gemminger
and Harold’s Catalogue, three New Zealand insects have
already been removed to another genus and the three
names standing for North American species pronounced
synonymous. Of the three remaining, one has been
redescribed as a species of Hyliota, and the other two
(inhabiting Europe and Australia respectively) are not
nearly allied.
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1901.—PART IV. (DEC.)
594 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the genus
To simplify as far as possible the present involved state
of the nomenclature of these insects I have drawn up a
list in which I have included those known to me which
are at present unnamed. Whereas the Catalogue of
Gemminger and Harold enumerates in all 25 species, this
list, including 12 others described since, shows only one
more than that number of specifically distinct forms, to
which I have added 6 hitherto undescribed.
List of the species of Hyliota.
africana, Grouv., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1889,
PalOlplys, ne. 1h: ; . Fr. Guinea,
arborea, Reitt., Wien. Ent. Zeits., 1889, R: 317 ‘ Cent. Japan.
atrata, Grouv., "Bull. Sec. Ent. el at 1890, p.92. S. Madagascar.
australis (Deadronbamin, Erichs., Wiegm. Arch.,
1842, p. 218. : 4 Australia.
bicolor, Arrow : ; ; : : ; . Tasmania, etc.
brevicollis, Arrow . : : . N. Madagascar.
capito, Pascoe, Ann. and May. Nat. Fisk, 1876, (4)
XVli, p. 49 . : : . New Zealand.
picturatus (Baaeteauies) Reitt., York, Ver.
Brunn., xviii, p. 176.
chilensis, Blanch., Gay’s Hist. Chil., v, p. 443,
pl.26; fies Pl 3 Chili.
cinnamomea, Fairm., Ann. Soe, Ent, ate 1868,
p-781.. ; ; ; : ; . N. Madagascar.
costicollis, Reitt., Coleopt. Hefte, 1876, xv, p.44 . Lower Burma.
crenata, Payk., Faun. Suec., ii, p. 168 . : ; Europe.
debilis, Casey, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1884
(? Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1854, p. 76) . : : N. America.
dubia, F., Syst. Eleut., ii, p. 97 ~ .. : : “ N. America.
truncata, Motsch., Bull. Mose., 1845, i, p. 92.
denticulata, Smith, Col. Brit. Mus., i, p. 14.
fallax, Grouv., Ann. Mus. Genova, sR p. 859 . Lower Burma.
fex, Grouv., l. ¢., p. 858 : : : Burma, etc.
glabra, Lec. ee Lake Super., p. 298 . : . Canada.
cygnxi, Mann., Bull. Mosc., 1846, ii, p. 515.
v. americana, Misiins abid., 1853, 111, p. 207.
gracilicornis, Arrow ; ; , ; , . Malay Pen., etc.
indica, Arrow t S.W. India.
integricollis, Fairm., Col. Chil, 1860, p- 5 : ; Chili.
longicornis, Reitt., ‘Wien. Ent. Zeits., 1889, p. 316 Cent. Japan.
Hyliota of the Coleopterous family Cucujide. 595
lucia, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom., 1862, p. 321 : Australia.
nigricans, Pascoe, |. ec.
australis (Brontes), Erichs., Wiegm. Arch.,
1842, p. 217.
macleayi, Olliff, Linn. Soc. N. S. cigs 1885,
p- 218. ; : ; Australia.
militaris, Erichs., Wicem, tee 1842, p- 217 ‘ Australia.
[minimus, F. beet El., li, p. 98.]
pallida, enc : . 8. Madagascar,
planata, L., Faun. Suec., ae, 645 : : ‘ Europe.
Diiadtalic, Fald., F auna Transcauc., li, p. 1. 259.
puberula, Reitt., Stett, Ent. Zeits., 1878, p. 316 . ? Malay Penins.
quadraticollis, en Ann, einw: Ent. France,
1868, p. 781 ; : : I Madagascar.
serrata, Smith, Col. Mus. Brit, ip: ‘1 ; ; . Phil. Islands.
conformis, Grouv., Bull, Soc. Ent. France,
1896, p. 199.
_ serricollis, Cand., Mém. Soc. R. Liege, 1861, p. 443 Ceylon.
ceylonicus, Motsch., Bull. Mosc., 1863, ii,
p- 500.
siamensis, Arrow . : : : ; : ; Siam.
spinicollis, Guér., Icon. Regn. Anim., Ins., p. 205,
pl. 42, fig. 3 ; : E. Indies,
atrata, Reitt., Mitth. M enihe Ent, Vers 1877,
p. 24.
truncatipennis, Hell., Abh. Dresd. Mus., vii, 3,
p. 26 . : : ; ; ; ‘ Celebes,
The type of the genus 1s H. planata, L., an insect which
seems to be well distributed over Europe; but Reitter’s
opinion as to its identity with H. humeralis, Fald., from
the Caucasus, has not yet been confirmed. Closely related
to it is the North American H. dubia, F. Captain Casey
mentions the Southern States of North America as the
habitat of this, and ZH. debilis, Lec., as the representative
of it in the North-Hastern States. The latter however
was described by Leconte from a southern state, Georgia,
while Gemminger’s catalogue strangely attributes it to
California. A specimen in the British Museum from
Pennsylvania seems to represent the form described by
Casey, while there are examples of H. dubia from British
Columbia and Lake Erie. Although Captain Casey
appears to have had access to Leconte’s collection, I can-
not satisfy myself as to the identity of his H. debilis with
596 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the genus
that originally described by Dr. Leconte, for besides the
want of agreement in habitat there is a discrepancy in
the characters mentioned by the two authors, especially
those peculiar to the male.
H, denticulata, Smith, is identical with H. dubia, F., a
label marked N. H. borne by the type specimen evidently
having been interpreted by Smith as signifying “ New
Holland.” There are other specimens, however, in the
Museum, obviously belonging to the same collection and
which have certainly come from the United States.
Hf. serrata (Dendrophagus serratus), Smith, a Philippine
species, has been redescribed by M. Grouvelle as H. con-
formis ; and the Ceylon representative of the genus has
also been twice described, first by Candeze as Brontes
serricollis and two years later by Motschulsky as B. ceylon-
wus. The later description contains a strange mistake,
the dimensions being given as length 3 line, and breadth
% line. Such a proportion for any insect of Brontes-type,
described moreover as “‘elongatus,’ is evidently wrong.
The breadth stated is that of H. serricollis, and the other
figures are no doubt the result of a slip.
Brontes lucius and nigricans, of Pascoe, have been pro-
nounced by Olliff, with some hesitation, to be one species.
A comparison of the types leaves no doubt whatever upon
this point. Erichson’s description of Brontes australis
also applies exactly to this species, and although Olliff has
separated them in his catalogue of the Cucujide of
Australia I have no doubt of their identity. It is notice-
able that Pascoe has compared ZH. lucia and nigricans with
the dissimilar AH. militaris, Erichs., but omitted any com-
parison with H. australis, Erichs., although described
upon the same page. H. lucia appears to be common in
Tasmania, and it appears to me most probable that Olliff
has given Erichson’s name to an undescribed Tasmanian
species, possibly that to which I have given the name of
H, bicolor on a later page. Erichson has applied the
name australis to two species, placing one in Dendrophagus
and one in Brontes. I have therefore used the name lucia
for the latter, retaining Erichson’s name for the other.
Hyliota atrata, Reitt., being the same as H. spinicollis,
Guér., as I have been able to ascertain from a typical
specimen in M. René Oberthiir’s collection, the Madagas-
car species given the same name subsequently by M.
Grouvelle may be allowed perhaps to retain it.
Hyliota of the Coleopterous family Cucujide. 597
Brontes minimus, ¥., appears to have remained unrecog-
nized, but there is every reason to believe that at least it
does not belong to our genus.
Dendrophagus capito, Pasc., has been redescribed by
Reitter as Parabrontes picturatus from a specimen sent by
Mr. R. Helms which appears to have been a female.
There is in the British Museum a similar female, received
from the same collector, with which I have been able to
compare Pascoe’s type, which is a male. There is a con-
siderable difference between the sexes in the length of the
antenne, their shortness in the female having no doubt
led Reitter to mistake the affinities of the species. There
is no close relationship between Hyliota and Cryptamorpha
(Parabrontes, Redt.), and a glance at the tarsi of H. capito
will show at once that it has nothing to do with the latter.
It is interesting to be able to record the existence of a
species of this genus in Mexico. Although representatives
have long been known in both North and South America,
none has hitherto been found in the intervening region, but
a single specimen in M. Oberthiir’s collection from that
country is in certain respects intermediate between the
dissimilar forms north and south of it.
The very remarkable species, Hyliota few, Grouv., dis-
covered in Eastern Burma, has been obtained by M.
Oberthiir from Bootan, so that its range is fairly extensive.
Although more nearly related to H. spinicollis than to any
other species, this insect has an appearance altogether
peculiar to itself, the elytra forming a triangle, the width
of which, at the base is partly due to a broad upturned
lateral flange. The upper surface in both insects is covered
with a grey sooty substance, and the form of the head,
with its small but prominent eyes, is the same, but the
antennz of H. few are not expanded and are proportion-
ately longer than those of /. spinicollis.
The following are the undescribed /Hyliotx included in
the foregoing list.
HT, bicolor, sp. n.
Modice depressa, hirta, luride rufa, elytris nigris, marginibus
pallidioribus ; capite prothoraceque opacis, crebre et profunde
punctatis, oculis magnis, tuberculo posteriore nullo ; prothorace
longitudine ad latitudinem quali, tricostato, costa media levi,
marginibus antica et postica tenuiter nigris, lateribus valde arcuatis,
spinosis, spina antica forte ; scutello rufo, crebre punctato ; elytris
598 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the genus
piceo-nigris, striato-punctatis, humeris fere acute angulatis, dein recte
attenuatis ; antennis quam corpore paulo brevioribus, articulo primo
longitudine ad tres sequentes fere eequale, secundo moniliforme ; tibiis
omnibus incurvatis, mediis post basin fere tuberculatis. Long. 9 mm.
Hab. TAsMANIA, Hobart; Vicroria, Western Port
Bay. |
This appears to be a fairly common insect, which has
inclined me to think that it may be that referred to by
Olliff under the name of australis, Erichs. I have seen
series of the species in the collections of Mm. Grouvelle
and Oberthiir in addition to those in the British Museum,
which are all from Tasmania.
H. bicolor is a species almost exactly intermediate
between AH. militaris, Er., and AH. lucia, Pascoe. The
antenne, however, are relatively shorter than in either,
and the deep red colour of the head and thorax is also
peculiar. The form and size are those of H. lucia and
the thorax is similar although rather narrower in front.
The shining elytra, angular at the shuulders, are as in
H, militaris, but are uniformly black with the exception
of the extreme margins. The legs are red, and the
middle tibiz have a slight excrescence externally, in the
same position as in H. lucia, but scarcely so prominent.
H. gracilicorms, sp. 0.
Nigro-fusca, opaca, modice depressa, prothorace longitudine ad
latitudinem vix quali, lateribus arcuatis, valde spinosis (antice
preesertim), postice fortiter contractis, disco non costato; scutello
parvo ; elytris striato-punctatis, humeris angulatis, dein regulariter
attenuatis ; pedibus paulo pallidioribus, femoribus vix inflatis, tibiis
rectis, mediis ad basin minute tuberculatis; antennis tenuibus,
longissimis, quam corpus multo longioribus, articulo tertio quam
secundo duplo longiore, quarto equali. Long. 10 mm.
Hab. MALAY PENINSULA, Perak; SUMATRA, Si Rambe.
This species belongs to the group of large forms com-
monly enveloped in a loose earthy covering, as is 7. lucia,
Pascoe. It differs from that insect by its rather more
flattened form and fewer teeth at the sides of the pro-
thorax. The disc of the latter is flat without perceptible
elevations or punctures. The shoulders are more sharply
angular than those of H. /ucia, and the sides of the elytra
are abruptly perpendicular, at least anteriorly. The third
Hyliota of the Coleopterous family Cucujide. 599
and fourth joints of the antennz are of equal length,
whereas in the other species the fourth joint is about
equal to the second and third together. From ZH. spini-
collis, Guér., the new species differs by its non-thickened
antenne and the presence of a tubercle on the middle
tibie.
I may note here that the species referred to by Dr.
Heller in his table of the Indo-Malayan Hyliot# as dent-
iculatus, Smith (an insect I have already referred to H.
dubia, Fabr.), and earlier as “ denticollis, Sm.,” is evidently
HT, lucia, Pascoe.
Hf. siamensis, sp. 0.
Testacea, valde depressa, setis fulvis brevissimis undique vestita,
capite prothoraceque grosse punctatis, medio subnitidis ; illo antice
longitudinaliter carinato, carina brevissima, inter pilorum aureorum
fasciculos duos posita, oculis prominentibus ; prothorace fere quad-
rato, lateribus subzequaliter dentatis, disco utrinque carinato ; elytris
extus valde carinatis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternatis leevis-
sime carinatis ; pedibus brevissimis simplicibus ; antennarum arti-
culo quarto ad duos preecedentes conjunctos fere zequali, tertio quam
secundo duplo longiore. Long. 5°5 mm. .
Hab. StAM (Bowring).
This species is exceedingly lke 4, costzcollis, Reitt.,
with the type of which I have been able through M.
Oberthiir’s kindness to compare it. It is rather smaller
and the head and thorax are visibly punctured and not
entirely opaque, while the two strong carinz on the disc
of each elytron are only feebly indicated in this, as in H.
serricollis, Cand., which however is much more elongate.
If M. Grouvelle is right in regarding the possession of
tufts of hairs upon the front of the head as a sexual
character, the two specimens from which my description
is compiled are males.
H, indica, sp. n.
Testacea, valde depressa, setis erectis brevissimis undique vestita ;
capite prothoraceque crebre punctatis, illius medio antice et postice
subtiliter elevato ; prothorace antice, postice et lateraliter vage im-
presso, quam longitudine paulo latiore, basin versus angustato,
lateribus rectis, vix perspicue dentatis, dentibus duobus anticis minus
minutis, disco non carinato; scutello valde transverso, crebre
punctato ; elytris striato-punctatis, lateraliter acute carinatis, postice
600 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the genus
et extra carinas pilis longioribus vestitis, antennis (quam corpore,
¢ longioribus, 2 brevioribus) articulis omnibus elongatis, secundo
quam tertii dimidio longiore, quarto et sequentibus subzqualibus ;
pectore nudo, prosterno postice transverse strigoso, meso- et meta-
sterno grosse punctatis, abdomine subtus pubescente, segmentis
secundo, tertio et quarto medio bi-impressis. Long. 6°3 mm.
Hab. 8.W. Inpia, N. Kanara (H. E. Andrewes).
This is the first species as yet described from India
proper, although A. spinicollis and H. few have been
received by M. Oberthiir from Bootan. It closely re-
sembles H. puberula, Reitt., and H. fallax, Grouv., but is
larger than either and considerably larger than the first,
while it has not the deep impression and tuft of hairs upon
the head stated by M. Grouvelle to characterize the male
of H. fallax. Although the relative length of the joints
of the antennz, which afford one of the most positive
means of identifying these difficult species, is not described
in either of those mentioned, if my identification of them
is correct they are both characterized by nearly equal
second and third joints, the remainder progressively in-
creasing in length to the end. In the new species the
third joint is considerably longer than the second and
slightly longer than.those following, which are of equal
length.
HI. pallida, sp. n.
Valde depresssa, pallide testacea, capite prothorace antennisque
rufo-flavis ; capite prothoraceque crebre punctatis, hoc paulo trans-
verso, lateribus fere rectis, levissime crenatis, angulis anticis minute ,
bidentatis, posticis paululo contractis, disco costis duabus lateralibus
fere parallelis instructo; scutello punctato ; elytris striato-punctatis,
lateribus acute carinatis ; antennis quam corpore longioribus, scapo
gracile, recto, articulo secundo longitudine ad tertii dimidio equali.
Long. 8 mm.
Hab. S. MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa.
This is a species closely allied to H. atrata, Grouv.,
which was also found in the same locality, but much
lighter in colour than that or any other known Madagas-
can form. The prothorax is rather shorter and its lon-
gitudinal costz more pronounced and straighter. The single
type specimen, found by the Rev. W. D. Cowan, is a male,
and has the conspicuous, strongly-curved prolongation of
the mandibles distinctive of that sex in this section of the
J
a
Hyliota of the Coleopterous family Cucujidw. 601
genus. It is the largest specimen from Madagascar known
to me.
H. brevicollis, sp. un.
Valde depressa, rufo-brunnea, capite, prothorace antennisque
obscurioribus; capite prothoraceque crebre punctatis, hoc valde
transverso, lateribus rectis, fere integris, angulis anticis minute
dentatis, posticis vix contractis, disco haud costato sed ad latera
perpendiculariter declivo, postice late impresso; scutello punctato ;
elytris striato-punctatis, lateraliter acute carinatis. 5°5-6 mm.
¢, corpus gracilius, antennis quam corpore multo longioribus,
articulo tertio quam secundo bis longiore.
2, corpus minus elongatum, antennarum articulis basalibus minus
inzequalibus.
Hab. N. Mapacascar, Antongil Bay.
This is a species very closely allied to A. cinnamomea,
Fairm., which I have also identified from the same locality
and which M. Oberthiir has received from 8. Marie I. and
Feneriva. It is a little less slender than that species and
a trifle lighter in colour. The prothorax is rather less
densely punctured and consequently more shining. The
other known Madagascan species of Hyliota are also rather
more elongate than this insect.
DECEMBER 30, 1901.
THE
PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LONDON
FoR THE YEAR 1901.
February 6th, 1901.
The Rev. Canon Fowner, M.A., F.L.8., President, in the
Chair.
Election of a Fellow.
Mr. E. B. G. Nevinson, of 3 Tedworth Square, Chelsea, was
elected a Fellow of the Society.
Appointment of Vice-Presidents.
The PresipENT then announced that he had appointed as
Vice-Presipents, Mr. Cuartes G. Barrett, Mr. Epwarp
SAUNDERS, and Mr. Grorce H. VERRALL.
Address to the King.
The PResIDENT proposed that an address of condolence and
congratulation should be presented by the Society to his
Majesty King Edward VII. on his accession to the throne,
and remarked that in 1833 when the Society was founded
her Majesty the late Queen with her mother the Duchess of
Kent, were the first to sign the book subscribed by Members
and Fellows upon admission to the Society, The proposal was
seconded by Col. Swinnok and carried unanimously.
PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I. 1901. A
Exhibitions.
The PresipENT exhibited a specimen of Colias, edusa var.
helice, with the margins of the wings entirely dark as in the
male; also a variety of Carterocephalus palemon, with the hind
wings dark save for one conspicuous orange spot.
Dr. T, A. CHapmMan exhibited a large series of Hndrosz col-
lected during the last few years in the Western and Central
Alps, by himself, Mr. A. H. Jones, and especially by Mr. Tutt ;
EL. roscida, which is a very distinct dwarf form, and from
frequenting marshy flats, must live on lichens growing in such
localities and not on stones as the others do ; £. irrorella, which
should be the rarest species in the Alps judging by the com-
paratively few specimens met with; H. aurita, in very great
variety, including a good many specimens that are called
kuhlwent, var. alpestris, none however reaching the type of
kuhlweni, but sufficient to bring very nearly to a certainty the
question whether kuhlweni is simply an extreme form of awrtta.
—F. aurita and F. irrorella, said Dr. CHAPMAN, are very near
together, no point in their anatomy being absolutely distine-
tive, while the genitalia are practically identical; Z. wrorella
always looks much slighter, being lighter scaled and the hairs
short and smooth. It always has a yellow patch on the .
mesothorax. The venation is also distinctive, yet individuals
of each species approach each other completely in each of the
distinctive items of the venation, but never in all of them,
so far as examination of a number of specimens goes.
The specimens exhibited consisted of 24 roscida from two
localities, 22 irrorelia from eight localities, and 204 awrita
from 23 localities. Except wrorella from England, Finmark,
and the Tyrol, and a few aurita from the Tyrol, all were from
the Western Alps of Switzerland, Italy, and France. Examples
from each locality when sufficiently numerous usually have a
special facies. Some, as all those from Arolla, radiate; those
from Bourg St. Maurice are without radiate forms, and so on.
Some are more yellow; others deeper orange; some more
mixed. Elevation tends to produce radiation, but no other
general conclusion as to the effect of height, latitude, or
longitude seems fully justified by the specimens.
( m-)
Mr. C. G. Barrert exhibited for Mr. G. O. Day of Knuts-
ford, a black variety of Aplecta nebulosa Tr. with white cilia,
and an asymmetrical 9 var. of Fidonia atomaria, Linn.
Mr. M. Jacosy exhibited an unknown specimen of the genus
Halticide.
Mrs. Nico. exhibited a collection of Rhopalocera from
the Lebanon district of Syria, and Mr. H. J. Etwes, on her
behalf, read a paper explaining and illustrating the several
species included. He said that Mrs. Nicholl’s expedition had
been both remarkable and successful. The lepidopterous
fauna of this region was less known than that of other parts
of Western Asia, and interesting inasmuch as the mountains
of high Lebanon contained a larger proportion of alpine species
than might have been expected. Our knowledge of the lepi-
doptera of the country was based upon the reports of Lederer,
Zach, and a short catalogue published in the /bis by Von
Kalchberg of insects taken in the neighbourhood of Haifa,
together with a lithographic list of lepidoptera observed in
Palestine by Consul Paulus. Among other species Mr, Eiwes
drew especial attention to the Lycenidx and the specimens of
Thecla myrtale which, since it was described by Klug in 1832,
has remained one of the best known members of the palzearctic
fauna. No examples it appears had been taken in the interval
until Mrs. Nicholl found it on the high mountains not uncom-
mon in May and June. Y. asterope was also taken commonly
on the coast, the species being the sole representative of its
family between Syria and Manchuria. The Vymphalidx also
showed a great range of variation. Sir JoHn LLEWELLYN, Bart.,
then made some remarks on the character of the country
through which Mrs. Nicholl had travelled, and, in reply to Mr.
Jacosy, Mrs. Nicnwoiu said that insects are not abundant
generally, and the more productive spots are few and far
between.
Papers.
The following papers were communicated :—“ A revision of
the genus Astathes, Newm., and allied genera of Longicorn
Coleoptera,” by Mr. Caarnes JosepH GAHAN, and “ A pre-
liminary catalogue of the Lepidoptera-Heterocera of Trinidad,”
by Mr. Wiiuiam James Kaye,
any
March 6th, 1901.
The Rev. Canon Fowier, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the
Chair.
Election of a Fellow.
Mr. E. W. Lanz, of 9 Teesdale St., Hackney Rd., N.E,,
was elected a Fellow of the Society.
Exhibitions.
Mr. H. St. J. DonisrHorpe exhibited a parasitic Braconid
bred from galls of Ceuthorrhynchus sulcicollis, on turnip,
together with the host.
Mr. A. J. Cuitty exhibited a variety of Psylliodes cyan-
optera, Ill., the coloration of the thorax being dark instead
of the usual red colour, taken by him along with the typical
form in August 1892, at Wicken Fen close to the Pumping
Station.
Mr. H. J. Turner exhibited a long series of Bryophila
muralis (glandifera) from Dawlish. The whole were either
taken on, or bred from pupe cut out of, a single roadside wall
some hundred yards long, very lofty, and facing nearly north,
on which aspect however it was protected by higher ground.
They were obtained in mid-August, with the exception of a
few which emerged at intervals during September and October
1900. Generally speaking the specimens were very dark, and
the series was remarkable in that it contained but a few isolated
examples of the forms which are prevalent in more eastern
localities like Freshwater, Eastbourne, or Folkestone. The
hind-wings of all the specimens were dark, while, in the
majority, the black markings of the fore-wings were much
intensified and increased in number, and a few specimens were
largely suffused with black. A considerable number showed
a dark rich green suffusion, while a large proportion were of
a very deep yellow or olive colour with black markings. The
yellow forms were perfectly natural, as a number emerged
‘from the pupa exactly of that hue. Only a few showed any
trace of the typical delicate dove-colour of the eastern forms.
The dwarfed specimens all emerged late in September or early
in October, and it was suggested that the larve of these were
i i i i i
(9
feeding during the excessively hot and dry period which was
characteristic of the summer of 1900. It was also noteworthy
that the wings had a comparatively much greater area of
black scaling.
Motions.
Mr. H. J, Ewes, who said he was acting as editor of the
Entomological section of the Victoria History for the County
of Gloucester, moved “that a Committee be appointed to
consider the question of uniformity in nomenclature for the
guidance of specialists contributing to the Victoria County
Histories.” He stated that the entomological lists were under
the superintendence of an advisory committee, and he read a
letter from Mr. Hudd, a Fellow of the Society, who was
writing the article on the Lepidoptera of the County for the
Victoria History, asking for a direction in the matter
referred to. |
The motion was seconded by Mr. H. Goss, who said that
there was at present no uniformity in the systems of arrange-
ment in the Victoria County Histories, but that he would sup-
port the adoption of Staudinger’s arrangement, in default of a
better one, for the Lepidoptera. After a discussion in which
Messrs. G. H. Vrrratt, H. Rowianp-Brown, C. J. Warn-
WRIGHT, and the Rev. F. D. Morice participated, the motion
was unanimously carried.
A further motion that the Committee should be nominated
by the Meeting having been proposed and negatived, an
amendment proposed by Mr. C. O. WateErRHouss, seconded
by Mr. H. Rowranp-Brown, that the appointment should
rest with the Council of the Society, was carried, Mr. C. J.
GAHAN objecting that the matter under discussion was one
for the editor of the County Histories and not for the Society
to settle.
Papers.
The following papers were read :—‘ Centoniide collected by
Messrs. H. E. Andrewes and T. R. D. Bell in the Bombay
Presidency, with descriptions of the new species,” by Mr. O. E.
JANSON, and
“A Supplementary Catalogue of British Ichneumonide,”
by Mr. Craupe Mortey.
March 20th, 1901.
Mr. Georce Henry VeRRALL, Vice-President, in the Chair.
Election of Fellows.
Mr. WitLoucHey Garpyer, F.L.S., Reform Club, Liverpool ;
Mr. F. Hopson, 16, Rosslyn Hill, N.W.; Dr. C. A. Lepoux,
Grahamstown, South Africa; Mr. H. H. Lyman, M.A.,
Montreal, Canada; Mr. C. P. Picxert, Leyton, Essex; Mr.
W.G. Smiru, 164, Wells Road, Knowle, Bristol; Mr. G. A.
WATERHOUSE, B.Sc., Sydney, New South Wales ; and Mr. F. C.
WoopForpdE, Market Drayton, were elected Fellows of the
Society.
Exhibitions.
Mr. C. J. Watkins sent for exhibition a series of larch twigs
illustrating the winter condition of Coleophora laricella, the
special feature being the manner in which the cases of the
larvee assimilated in colour with the bark of the larch.
Mr. G. B. RouttepcE exhibited a specimen of Hydrilla
palustris taken on the wing by Mr. J. KE. Thwaytes when
“ sugaring” near Carlisle on June 10th, 1899. He said it was
the first male taken in that district. Mr. C. G. Barrett
remarked that it was the most definitely marked specimen of
any known, and that in the northern locality the lines on the
wings seemed to be brought out with greater distinction than in
the fen country and elsewhere. Mr. Thwaytes also exhibited
specimens of Bembidium schuppeli, a rare beetle captured on
the banks of the river Irthing.
Mr. R. McLacuuan exhibited Trichopterous larva-cases of
the form known as ‘‘ Helicopsyche” from the Prony River, New
Caledonia, sent to him by Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N. They were
large and remarkable for the size of the individual sand-
grains of which they were built up. These sand-grains, Mr.
Walker informs him, were water-worn particles of the heavier
minerals of the river bed, such as chrome, nickel, and iron
ores. It is possible that similar cases were alluded to by
Hagen in the Stett. Entom. Zeitung, 1864, p. 129, from the
Munich Museum,
( vu )
Mr. G. T. Porrirr exhibited specimens of an almost black
form of Acronycta menyanthidis from Skipwith Common, near
Selby, and stated that the same form was also common on
Strensall Common, near York. For comparison he also
showed specimens from the moors near Huddersfield. The
chief interest in the exhibit consisted in the fact that in both
the districts where the melanic menyanthidis occurred, melanism
was not a common feature; whereas in the Huddersfield
district, where only the pale form of menyanthidis was taken,
melanism was a conspicuous feature in many species, even in,
and close to, the grounds, where only pale menyanthidis could
be found.
Mr. H. W. Awnprews exhibited a female specimen of
Amphidasys betularia, with hind-wings aborted and scarcely
developed, taken at Paul’s Cray, Kent, in May 1896.
Mr. H. Row.anp-Brown stated that he had seen an an-
nouncement that the County Council had under consideration
the feasibility of stocking the London parks with Butterflies,
and encouraging those which already existed there. He said
that according to the latest observations thirty-nine species of
Rhopalocera were recorded within, roughly speaking, a ten mile
metropolitan limit, but that of these he only knew of Pierzs
rapx, P. napi, Vanessa atalanta, V. urtice, and perhaps one or
two others which could strictly speaking be said to inhabit
the Metropolis itself. A discussion followed on the subject
in which Mr. A. J. Cuirry said that Pieris brassice had
occurred in the garden of his London house,and that he
regarded Vanessa polychloros as a possible addition to the list
of those open to experiment, though Mr. R. McLacuian
thought that it had finally ceased to be a London insect. Mr.
G. H. VERRALL also advocated the introduction of tropical and
other foreign species in the great conservatories of Kew, where,
without danger to the plants, they would be objects of great
beauty and attractiveness. He considered the experiment at
any rate worth the trial. Mr. H. Goss continued the discus-
sion, and Mr. F. Merririevp, while recognising the difficulties
arising from soil, climate, and surroundings, expressed his
belief that certain hardy species would be more than a match
for their bird enemies.
( viii )
April 3rd, 1901.
Mr. CHARLES GoLDING Barrett, Vice-president, in the Chair.
Election of Fellows.
Mr. Albert Piffard, of Felden, Boxmoor, Herts, and Mr.
Percy J. Lathy, of Lyndon Villa, Sydney Road, Enfield, were
elected Fellows of the Society.
Address to the King.
The Secretary read the following letter from the Right
Honourable Charles T. Ritchie, M.P., Secretary of State for
the Home Department.
Home Office, Whitehall,
1st April, 1901.
Sir,—I am commanded by the King to convey to you hereby
His Majesty’s thanks for the Loyal and Dutiful Address of the
members of the Entomological Society of London, expressing
their sympathy with His Majesty and the Royal Family on
the occasion of the lamented death of Her late Majesty Queen
Victoria.
I an, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
Cuas. T. RitcHIE.
H. Goss, Esq.,
Entomological Society,
11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.
Exhibitions.
The Rev. A. E. Eaton sent for exhibition on behalf of Mr.
F. M. Halford a ? sub-imago of a species of Hphemeridzx of
the genus Hphemera, received from Central Africa, without
more precise indication of locality. It was stated that it was
the first time this genus had been noticed from Africa.
Mr. McLacutan remarked that Hphemera usually occurred
in cold alpine or temperate regions, and that. the Central —
African example probably inhabited the mountains at a con-
siderable altitude.
Dr.T. A. Carman exhibited cases of Luffia ferschaultella from
Cannes, and a spider, C'yclosa conica, found on the same rocks,
the interest of the specimens being in the fact that the spider
when at rest has almost precisely the same form and coloration
as the cases of the moth.
Paper read.
Mr. W. L. Distant communicated a paper entitled
“Enumeration of the Heteroptera (Rhynchota) collected by
Signor Leonardo Fea in Burma and its vicinity.”
May Ist, 1901.
The Rev. Canon Fowter, M.A., F.L.S., President, in
the Chair.
Exhibitions.
Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited for Mr. H. W, Vivian a
specimen of Xylophasia lateritia, Hufn., a species not hitherto
recorded in the British Islands, taken in South Wales by Mr.
W.E, R. Allen; also Detopeta pulchella, from the same dis-
trict; Dianthecia luteago, var. barrettii, from one of the
islands off the Glamorganshire coast, and varieties of Hupv-
thecia virgaureata, much blackened, LZ. lariciata, LH. satyrata,
and £. exiguata taken in the county of Glamorgan by Mr.
Vivian.
Mr. M. Jacospy exhibited specimens of Heltocopris gigas,
L., from Mashonaland, and Silpha biguttata, Fairm., from
Patagonia.
Sir GrorceE Hampson exhibited two females of an apterous
Lasiocampid from the Transvaal, with cocoon and ova, bred
by Colonel J. M. Fawcett, 5th Lancers. The larva is very
much like that of the British Lasiocampa rubi. The female
does not emerge from the cocoon, its antenne being aborted
and all the joints coalesced with a flabellate organ with slight
strive indicating the joints ; the fore tibie short with traces of
tibial claws. ‘The male is unknown, and as Colonel Fawcett
was on active service at the time of emergence, he was unable
to expose the females for the purpose of attracting the males.
Mr. H. Sr. J. DonistHorrs exhibited specimens of Riperisa
tomlint, Newst., a coccid new to Britain, taken among Lasius
PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., Ir. 1901. B
( x )
niger at Portland in April 1900. The species, which is myr-
mecophilous, was first discovered in Guernsey.
Mr. C. P. Pickett exhibited aberrations and varieties of
Tycxena bellargus, L. corydon, and L. astrarche taken by him
in August 1900 at Folkestone and Dover.
Mr. H. Goss exhibited a gynandromorphous specimen of
Lycena bellargus which he had taken at Reigate in June 1900.
It had the characters of a male in the right wings, and the
characters of a female in the left wings, which were, however,
not entirely free from the blue scales of the male. No dissec-
tion had been made of the genitalia, so it was impossible to
say whether the specimen was strictly hermaphrodite,
Dr. Caapman exhibited a cocoon of Antherxea mylitta and
a flint from Redhill—two objects with practically nothing in
common. Whilst dissenting zm toto from those who see no-
thing in many cases of mimicry but accidental resemblance, he
presented them with this as a case undoubtedly in accordance
with their views, the cocoon and the flint being remarkably
alike.
Professor Pou.ton exhibited an apparatus invented by him
to determine the strength of the formic acid discharged by the
ant in defence of its nest. Mr. Donisthorpe, he said, had
noticed that a shower of formic acid had sometimes a great
effect, and he thought it would be interesting to determine the
quantity of anhydrous acid. In the case of Dicranura vinula
the fluid, which contains forty-five per cent. of acid, was
painful in the eye, but did not damage the skin or body. He
considered that the acid was only virulent during the time
that the larve and the pup were in the nest, and that it was
used purely for defensive purposes. A discussion followed, in
which Professor Hupson Beare said he had found his skin
affected by Formica rufa, and Mr. DonistHoRPE that the skin
had been removed from his hand and his gloves burnt in
patches after being placed in the nest of the same species.
Mr. F. Exock exhibited numerous specimens of Dragon-Fly
Nymphs. |
The PresipenT announced that the Council found them-
selves unable to appoint a committee to advise the editors
of the Victorian Histories upon a uniform system of entomo-
logical nomenclature, as directed by a General Meeting of
( xi )
the Society. Mr. C. G. Barrett, seconded by Sir GrorcE
Hampson, moved that the previous resolution to appoint be
rescinded. After some further discussion, the motion was
carried, two Fellows voting against it.
Dr. CHapmMan desired to call attention to an oversight,
for which he said he was chiefly responsible. This was the
omission from the plates, or elsewhere, of any indication that
the photographs reproduced on Plate X. of the Transactions
for 1900 were taken by Mr. F. Noad Clark, and that those of
Plate II. in the Transactions for present year were taken from
the specimens by Mr. Clark and Mr. A. Cant.
Papers.
Mr. F. Enock read a paper entitled ‘“‘ The Metamorphoses of
Aischna cyanea,” illustrated by the electric lantern with photo-
graphs taken from life.
Sir GrorcE Hampson, Bart., communicated a paper on
“The classification of a new family of the Lepidoptera.”
Mr. Martin Jacosy communicated a paper entitled “ A
further contribution to the knowledge of African Phyto-
phagous Coleoptera.”
Mr. Gitpert J. Arrow contributed a paper entitled ‘‘ The
Carabid genus Pheropsophus; notes and descriptions of new
species.”
June 5th, 1901.
The Rev. Canon Fowter, M.A., F.L.S., President, in
the Chair.
Exhibitions.
Mr. G. C. Caampton exhibited a male specimen of Odontxus
mobilicornis, one of the rarest of British beetles, captured at
Woking on May 28th. Mr. Donisrnorre said that the same
species had also been taken this year at Bournemouth by
Mr, and Mrs. Jackson. ‘
Mr. R. McLacuian exhibited four specimens of a curious
bug of the genus Henicocephalus received from Mr. G. V.
Hudson of Wellington, New Zealand ; he thought the genus,
( mi )
although of very wide distribution, had not previously been
noticed in that country. Mr. Campion said that Henico-
cephalus was generally recognized as a type in itself of a
family, and Mr. KirKapy observed that it was much com-
moner than was generally supposed. It was probably only
an aberrant form of the Redwiidxe having no stridulating
apparatus on the prosternum.
Mr. C. P. Pickett exhibited a series of Smerinthus tiliz,
bred during May 1900-1, including one male specimen having
the right upper wing banded,:the left wing with the two
ordinary spots ; a banded female ; a male with only one spot ;
and a richly-coloured female.
Mr. C. G. Barretr exhibited imagines, cocoons, pupa
skins, and also water-colour sketches of larve, reared and
drawn by Miss Frances Barrett, at Buntingville, Pondoland,
S. Africa, including Hesperia keitloa, Leucaloa eugraphica,
LIiparis pulverea, Lenodora montana, Trabele ochroleuca, Chilena
prompta, Braura ligniclusa, Hutricha pithyocampa, Dulichia
fasciata, Porela sobria, khanidophora phedonia, Sphingomorpha
chlorea (monteironis).
Dr. A. Jerreris TURNER exhibited specimens of Australian
wood-boring Lepidoptera belonging to four different families.
They included—Pyralidze ; Doddiana xyloryctis, Turn. Gele-
chide ; Cryptophasa flavolineata, Walk., and C. hemipsila,
Turn. Maroga mythica, Meyr., VW. setiotricha, Meyr., Uzucha
borealis, Turn. Cossidx ; Dudgeona actinias, Turn., Xyleutes
pulchra, Roths., X. macleayet, X.nephocosma, Turn. Hepialide ;
Charagia mirabilis, Roths., C. ramsayi, Seott., and C. cyano-
chlora, Lower.
Mr. H. Goss exhibited for Mr. Ernest Ardron of Colombo,
Ceylon, two specimens of a species of Phylliwm (Phasmidz).
They bore an extraordinary resemblance to leaves. He also
showed three varieties of the male of Melitxa cinxia, which
he had taken on the 27th and 28th of May at Niton, Isle of
Wight. One of these was a remarkable and beautiful variety,
especially on the underside. ,
Mr. C. O. WaterHouse exhibited two new genera and
species of Coleoptera recently described by him in the Ann.
and Mag. Nat. Hist. from Rio Janeiro. One belonged to the
aberrant Prisnide (Pathocerus Wagneri); the other (Zetra-
phalerus Wagneri) belonged to the Cupeside, and was remark-
able for the form of its head. He also exhibited 6 and ?
specimens of the curious Scarabxid, Glyphoderes sterquilinus»
Westw., from North Argentina.
Mr. H. St. J. DonistHorrs exhibited a glove burnt by dis-
charges of formic acid from the nests of Formica rufa. In
connection with the apparatus exhibited at the last meeting
to determine the strength of this acid, Professor Pouuton said
that the discharges collected in the tubes fluctuated greatly
in strength, the strongest yielding a proportion of sixty
to seventy per cent. of anhydrous acid, a drop of which
placed by Mr. Holroyd on the back of his hand left a distinct
scar some days after the application. The discharge of
Dicranura vinula, he added, showed a strength of about forty-
five per cent., and Mr. F. Merrirrerp remarked that in
breeding the larve the acid liberated by this species left a
yellow stain on the leno making it rotten.
Papers.
Mr. W. ScHavus communicated a paper entitled ‘(A Revision
of the American Notodontide.”
Mr. H. Sr. J. DonistHorre read a paper on “Cases of
protective resemblance, mimicry, etc., in British Coleoptera.”
Professor Poutton said that the facts were admitted in
the lepidoptera, and it was interesting to see how far they
were borne out in the coleoptera. The Cerrdx mimicked
other distasteful coleoptera, e.g. the Cantharide ; the Lamidiz
of Borneo were mimicked by other coleoptera, and on the
whole it would be found that the parallelism of facts
between lepidoptera and coleoptera was far greater than was
anticipated. The Rev. Canon Fow er, Sir GrEorcE Hampson,
Mr. G. C. CHampion, and Mr. R. Trimen continued the
discussion.
October 2nd, 1901.
The Rev. Canon W. W. Fowtsr, M.A., F.L.S., President, in
the Chair.
Exhibitions.
Mr. G. C. Campion exhibited a long series of Buprestis
PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., Iv. 1901. Cc
( my }
sanguinea, Fabr., from Albarracin, Spain, showing the remark-
able sexual dimorphism of this species.
Mr. H. St. J. DonistHorpr exhibited on behalf of the
Rev. H. 8. Gorham of Shirley Warren, a specimen of the
scarce beetle Hister marginatus. Mr. CHampion remarked
that the species had been taken by Mr. Harwocd of
Colchester. He also exhibited a number of rare coleoptera
from the New Forest—(a) Velleius dilatatus, F., twelve speci-
mens, ten from one hornets’ nest in August, and the other
two from two other nests, caught in specially constructed
traps, the largest d¢ reaching the abnormal size of 32
m.m.: (6) Anthaxia nitidula, L., twelve specimens taken
in July, one being of bluish colour: (c) Agrilus sinuatus, OL.,
one of several which escaped—a beetle not taken for many
years: (d) Agrilus viridis, L., a series from sallows in
August: (e) Platydema violaceum, F., five specimens—a
species also not recorded recently: (/) Colydiuwm elongatum,
F., one specimen taken in the burrows of Melasis buprestoides,
and another in the burrows of WScolytus intricatus. Mr.
CHAMPION said that Platydema had been taken twenty years
ago by Harris, while Mr. George Lewis associated Velleiws with
Cossus in Japan and not with hornets.
Mr. C. P. Pickett exhibited a long series of varieties and
aberrations of Lycena corydon taken during August 1901 at
Dover, including two females with upper wings wholly blue,
dwarfs no larger than LZ. minima, and others (males) with
undersides devoid of spots. He also exhibited a series of
Angerona prunaria (bred June and July 1901), the results of
four years’ interbreeding, the coloration ranging, in the
females, from. bright yellow with no bands to very dark with
deep chocolate bands, and in the males from plain intense
orange with no bands to deep chocolate with bands, while one
male assumed the coloration of the female.
Prof. 'T. Hupson Buare exhibited a specimen of Medon
castaneus, Grav., taken in the water net on April 22nd, 1901,
at the edge of a pond in Richmond Park, having evidently
come off the long grass growing at the edge of the water.
Very few observations of this beetle have been recorded, and
tae.)
they all seem, as in this case, to have been chance captures,
its habits being unknown.
Mr. A. Harrison exhibited a series of Amphidasys betularia
bred from parents taken in the New Forest in 1900, including
twenty males and thirty-nine females, and six gynandro-
morphous specimens, out of seven bred, one being a cripple.
The larve when first hatched were kept indoors, but were
afterwards steered on birch when a few days old. Mr. Turr
sald it was very remarkable that so many gynandromorphous
specimens should have been secured from a single brood.
There appeared to be a modification in the sexual organs
corresponding with external variation of the secondary sexual
characters. Mr. MerririeLp remarked that the proportion of
gynandromorphous forms in hybrid specimens was always much
larger.
Mr. C. J. Gawan exhibited a male specimen of Thamnotrizon
cinereus, L., one of the long-horned grasshoppers taken by
Mr. F. W. Terry at Morden, near Wimbledon. He called
attention to a very interesting abnormality displayed by the
specimen in possessing two pairs of auditory organs instead of
a single pair, the second pair being situated on the tibiz of the
middle legs in a position corresponding with that of the normal
pair on the fore legs.
Mr. F. Merririetp exhibited a series of Orgyia antiqua bred
from pup placed in a refrigerator five weeks and then
exposed to a mean temperature of 48° Fahr. Specimens thus
treated were much darker than types of those occurring in a
natural state, some approaching in depth of colouring to O.
gonostigma. He also exhibited for comparison specimens from
Sutherlandshire lent by Mr. C. G. Barrett, none of them
however comparable in darkness to those obtained by his
experiment; and others from the collections of Mr. A. Bacot
(including four of the American species) and Mr. L. B. Prout.
Mr. Tort said that the limits of variation of our own form
were little known, and the most northern examples, though
the largest, were decidedly not the darkest.
Papers.
Mr. R. Soura communicated a paper entitled “ Lepidoptera-
heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea, by the late Mr.
(> ave )
J. H. Luecn, B.A., F.LS., F.Z.8., ete. ; with descriptions of
new species by RicHarp Sours.”
Mr. G. C. CHampion read a paper entitled “Sexual
dimorphism in Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr., a species occurring
in Spain, and new to the European list.”
October 16th, 1901.
Mr. Epwarp Saunpers, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Election of an Honorary Fellow.
M. J. H. Fare, of Sérignan, Vaucluse, France, was elected
an Honorary Fellow of the Society.
Election of a Fellow.
Mr. W. Scuavs, F.Z.8., of Trentham House, Twickenham,
was elected a Fellow of the Society.
Exhibitions.
Mr. C. Mortey exhibited for the Rev. E. N. Bloomfield
leaves of hornbeam from Battle, and a photograph of leaves
of sweet chestnut from Haslemere, rolled by Attelabus cwrcu-
lionoides. The former were not rolled by reason of a scarcity
of their usual oak, which abounds in the locality.
Mr. R. Apxin exhibited a specimen of Pieris daplidice
taken by him at Eastbourne on August 19th last. He said
that the insect was flying strongly, and in that respect and
indeed in general appearance resembled on the wing a pale
female of Colias hyale. Mr. RowLanp-Brown asked if there
were any records of recent date of the discovery of the larva
in this country, and with Mr. A. H. Jones corroborated the
swift habit of flight in the species. In the discussion upon
immigrant species that followed, Mr. R. McLacuuan said that
the recent appearance of Papilio machaon in various parts of
the country seemed to suggest immigration on the part of
a species not usually regarded as migratory. He also said
that he knew of no reliable evidence of the larva of Pieris
daplidice having occurred on this side of the Channel.
Mr. C. P. Pickert exhibited a series of Melitxa cinxia
(-(xvai })
bred in June last from larve taken in the Isle of Wight, in-
cluding light and dark varieties of the @? 9, one ¢ with
extra light upper wingsand one dg with the lower wings almost
black. He also exhibited a series of Cherocampa elpenor bred
in June last from larve taken at Broxbourne in July 1900,
including a variety of the ¢ with purplish lower wings and
another with purple markings on the upper wings.
The Rev. F. D. Morice exhibited specimens of Hedychrum
rutilans, Dhl., and Salius propinquus, Lep., taken at Lynd-
hurst by Miss Ethel Chawner, and both new to the British
list. He also exhibited two monstrosities, viz.—Allantus
arcuatus ¢ (sawfly) having on the left side two perfect and
two other rudimentary wings, and Gorytes quinquecinctus
(fossor) with the abdominal segments extraordinarily twisted
out of their proper shape and places.
Mr. E. Saunvers said that the specimens of Saliws appeared
to him identical with continental propinquus, which was not rare
in the south of Europe, where it was sometimes black, and some-
times red, towards the middle of the abdomen, but that he
thought it could not be a variety of any British species, as we
had no species with a rugose propodeum which could agree
with it.
Papers.
Mr. Artur M. Lea communicated “ A list of the Austra-
lian and Tasmanian Mordellide, with descriptions of new
species.”
Mr. Epwarp Meyrick contributed “ Descriptions of new
Lepidoptera from New Zealand.”
Mr. E. Saunpers read a paper upon “‘ Hymenoptera aculeata
collected in Algeria by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A., and the
Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., Pt. 1, Heterogyna and Fossores to
the end of Pompilide.”
November 6th, 1901.
The Rev. Canon W. W. Fowter, M.A., F.L.S., President,
in the Chair.
( Sa)
Election of Fellows.
Mr. ArtHur W. Bacort, 154 Lower Clapton Road, London,
N.E., Mr. Epwarp Martin Dapp, 3 Colina Villas, Green
Lanes, Wood Green, N., Mr. Greoree FReprerick LeiGu,
Musgrave Road, Durban, Natal, Mr. Ruperr 8S. Lower,
Oswaldton, Bartley Crescent, Wayville, South Australia, Mr.
JouHn Crampron Wiixinson KersHaw, Macao, China, Mr.
Henry Woouner Peat, Indian Museum, Calcutta, Mr.
ErHELBERT Forpes SKERTCHLY, Hong-Kong, and Mr, ArTHUR
SurrH, 5 Cavendish Street, Grimsby, were elected Fellows of
the Society.
Exhibitions.
The Rev. F. D. Morice exhibited two imperfectly developed
females of Osmia leucomelana found dead in a bramble stem
at Woking with their cases.
Mr. C. P. Pickett exhibited a series of Colias hyale taken at
Folkestone during August 1900-1, including one ¢ dwarf, one
6 with smoky hindwings, one ¢ with the edge of the hind-
wings showing a double row of serrated curves, three ¢ 6
with very deep yellow colouring and with spots in the centre
of the hindwings twice the normal size, one ¢ underside with-
out spots, one ¢ showing a row of black dots running parallel
round the fore- and hindwings, also one 2 with the edge of the
hindwings showing a double row of serrated curves, one ? with
extra deep border to the forewings, and one ? with only half
the usual border to the forewings.
Mr. F. B. JEnnines exhibited a specimen of 7'rachyphleus
myrmecophilus, Seidl., taken at Hastings in September last,
retaining intact the deciduous ‘ false mandibles,” with the aid
of which the imago of the species of this and certain other
genera of weevils is said to work its way to the surface after
emerging from the pupa underground. These mandibles are
usually shed as soon as the imago begins its life above ground,
as there is no further use for them.
Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited a collection of butterflies made by
him in Trinidad, including several hitherto undescribed species.
He said that the probable total rhopalocerous fauna was about
250 species, the island—about the size of Somersetshire—being
(> ie)
thus remarkably rich in butterflies. The number of species in
the several families exhibited were—Vymphalidx 34, Satyridx
13, Papilionide 6, Pieride 31, Erycinide 29, Lycxnidx 27,
Hespertidx 62—nearly all taken within three or four miles of
Port of Spain. The series of Heliconius telchinia and Tithorea
megara var. flavescens were particularly fine, showing the yellow
coloration only found in Trinidad and upon the coast of
Venezuela immediately opposite. A long series of Papilio
xeuxis, and Papilio alyattes, many of them bred from the same
2 parent, show that these two are in reality identical species.
The number of Hrycinidx in Trinidad compared with the
poverty of the same family in other West Indian Islands
alone indicates the different origin of its fauna, and suggests
affinity with the mainland of Venezuela, which at the nearest
point is but seven miles distant.
Dr. CHapMAN exhibited specimens of Parnassius apollo taken
last July in Castile and Aragon (Spain), as well as a number
of specimens of both P. apollo and P. delius, chiefly Swiss and
French, taken by himself, Mr. J. W. Tutt (in Dauphiné), Mr.
A. H. Jones (at Digne), and Mr. H. Rowland-Brown (at Susa,
N. Italy), for comparison with the Spanish specimens and to
illustrate the extent to which the races of these species
approached each other in Western Kurope. He noted that the
Spanish specimens differed from most of the others in their
great size, some ¢s reaching 33 inches in expanse, and ?s
3£ inches. The ¢s agree with apollo in the only point of
distinction between that species and deliws that makes some
pretensions to absolute constancy, viz. the coloration of the
shaft of the antenne. With deliws they agree in a certain
amount of creamy tinting and apparent density of the white
scales, which in nearly all races of apollo are white and with
a ccrtain suggestion of transparency. They agree also with
delius in the small amount of the dark (and semi-transparent)
marginal coloration of the wings, the hindwings being as free
from such markings as the most typical delius. They agree
also with deliws in the comparative smallness of the black
marks both of fore- and hindwings, and in the tendency of
these to display red nuclei. Both males and females seem to
be exceedingly close to the Asiatic form of apollo, called
( xx)
hesebolus, in general facies at any rate. These ds placed
between ordinary Swiss apollo and delius, obviously incline
much more to the latter than the former in general tone of
colour and intensity of markings. The females are very large,
and vary to forms with much increased red ocelli. The pale-
ness of the red ocelli in many specimens, especially of the
males, is due to their not being in the freshest condition.
Several specimens were observed with yellow or orange ocelli,
but these were all in such poor condition that they were con-
sidered faded and bleached specimens rather than the well-
known variety with orange ocelli. It is probable however
that some of these may originally have been orange really.
Continuing, Dr. CHapman said:—‘ The specimens of apollo
and delius are all labelled with localities, and I need not
go over them individually. It may be observed that I do
not present aberrations but specimens to illustrate the races
occurring at different localities. Delius is apparently never a
large species, but apollo is often as small as delius. The point
that is perhaps most interesting is the great approach of some
delius to the ordinary form of apollo in the character and extent
of the black markings. <A specimen from Evolena, though
unquestionably delwws by ground tint and antenne, has the
markings and general aspect of apollo, and another specimen
from the Col de Torrent, practically the same locality, closely
approaches this. Two specimens brought by Mr. Tutt from
Larche are undoubted delius, but are in general aspect in
absolute agreement with apollo. Three other specimens with
these are extremely like them in size, markings, etc., but seem to
be equally undoubted apollo. I took these five specimens unset
out of Mr. Tutt’s field store-box, where they formed a little
group by themselves, and Mr. Tutt pointed them out to
me as coming from very high ground near Larche (South
Dauphiné, though actually in a northern tongue of Provence).
Amongst the specimens placed with these are similar small
apollo, that have quite equal claims to be called delius. They
have rather short antennez like delius, but have not the black
rings of that species. It is interesting to note the small size
of these apollo, exactly that of delius, from various localities
in the alps of the Barcelonnette region, which is comparatively
( . 2-
close to Digne, where the species attains a size equal to that of
the Spanish specimens, but with a darker and more typical
apollo coloration. What is the actual difference of delius
from apollo no one will tell me. I can find both species
described, but then the descriptions do not cover all the races
of each. Text-books are usually satisfied to state that every
one knows them so well that there is no need to mention the
distinctions. This would unquestionably be a sound position
if one had only to deal with such Swiss specimens as I have
placed on either side of my Spanish specimens. The best
character is certainly the black ringed antenne, which are
also usually proportionally shorter. The denser creamier
colouring is also very characteristic, yet this would make the
Aragon specimens delius. The pouch of the female is to my
view identical in both species. Mr. Elwes, I think, omits
to say whether it is so or not. The ¢ appendages have no
structural difference that I have been able to observe, beyond
one in size, those of apollo being larger and so apparently
more solid. In the Spanish apollo this is markedly so; the
differences are, however, I think, less proportionately than
may be observed in Hrebia xthiops, of which the appendages
of continental specimens are so much larger than those of
British examples.”’
Mr. G. C. Bienexu sent for exhibition and discussion a
specimen of Sphecophaga vesparum, Curt., and the cocoon from
which it had been bred. Mr. DonistHorpPe expressed his
opinion that the host was a Ground Wasp.
Papers.
Mr. Gipert J. Arrow contributed a paper upon “The
Genus Hyliota, with descriptions of new forms and a list of
described species.”
Mr. W. L. Distant communicated a paper entitled “Con-
tributions to a knowledge of the Rhynchota.”
November 20th, 1901.
Mr. George Henry VERRALL, Vice-President, in the Chair,
(. =a)
Election of Fellows.
Mr. James B, Casseruey, 7 Gloucester Road, Finsbury
Park, N., and Mr. M. Lawson Tuompson, 35 Leven Street,
Saltburn-by-the-Sea, were elected Fellows of the Society.
Exhibitions.
Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited various Lepidoptera from the
Cevennes, including a series of Lycena dolus var. vittata, L.
damon, L. meleager, Melanargia iapygia var. cleanthe, and M.
galatea ab. leucomelas; also a dark form of Thais cerisyt
bred from a pupa received from Armenia. He also exhibited
a specimen of Vanessa antiopu taken this year at Eltham, and
two specimens of Cerastes erythrocephala bred from ova laid
by the parent moth captured on sallows near Canterbury.
Mr. H. Rowianp-Brown exhibited a remarkable variety of
Melitzxa didyma, taken by him at Chateau de la Caze, Tarn, in
which the black markings of the lower underside wings were
almost entirely absent, and a series of Lycena dolus var. vittata
from the Cevennes, with LZ. admetus var. rippertu from Digne,
showing the remarkable affinity of the two species, which
however were never found on the same ground or in the same
localities while collecting. Mr. Turr expressed his opinion that
the two were probably identical species, and Dr. CHAPMAN
remarked that the genitalia were structurally alike in either
form. The absence of the blue dimorphic form of the male
admetus is however remarkable.
Dr. CHapMAN exhibited a number of butterflies taken by
himself and Mr. G. C. Champion in the Sierra Albarracin,
Spain, last July. He said, “ The district traversed by Mr.
Champion and myself was practically the same as that
described by Mrs. Nicholl in her paper in the Transactions
for 1897 (p. 427), and consequently there is little to be
added to the observations recorded therein. The country is
a hilly rather than mountainous district; it nearly all lies
between the limits of 3000 and 5000 feet, only a few
narrow ridges exceeding the latter elevation, and except the
river gorges little of it is below 3500, so that it is mis-
leading to regard it as mountainous, But it is very rough
¢ 33H}
and irregular, and though there is little serious climbing to be
done there is a good deal of up and down hill when any con-
siderable distances have to be covered. Spain in July suggests
great heat, leading to complete collapse if not sunstroke. We
experienced nothing of this sort. Certainly it was hot,
oppressively hot occasionally, as when we faced a white
dusty road at two or three o’clock in the afternoon, but not
SO oppressive, even then, as in many a Swiss valley, and on
not a few July days in England. The elevation of over 3000
feet no doubt afforded some relief, but unquestionably the
_ alleviation arose chiefly from the great dryness of the air. It
really was hot, and cutaneous transpiration was most abundant,
as evidenced by an almost insatiable thirst ; yet we felt fairly
comfortable, and experienced little or no obvious perspiration
even at mid-day, when Satyrus priewre did not care to fly and
seught shelter at once in the shadow of some shrub or bush.
Almost invariable fine weather is a great point in favour of
a holiday in Castile, and that this was no accident favourable
to us, but the rule, is clear from the native methods of harvest-
ing and thrashing their corn, which presume a rainless period
throughout July and August at least. I do not think we
added many new butterflies to Mrs. Nicholl’s list. Zephyrus
quercus was taken at Tragacete, but this is in Castile, not in
Aragon. Augiades sylvanus was taken both at Albarracin and
Tragacete. Adopxa actxon was met with at Cuenca (Castile).
Adopxa linea seemed to be more abundant than A. lineola at
all stations. We found Lycena hylas and its variety nivescens
on the same ground. The common form of L. corydon seemed to
be corydonius or near that variety ; this was especially abundant
at Tragacete, and occurred at all other places. The very large
pale form hispana was the commonest at Albarracin, where
the corydonius form was rare, and at Cuenca, and was not seen
at Tragacete. Looking at these and other dimorphic forms
occurring here, one could not help questioning whether admetus
might not be a dimorphic form of damon. The former was often
abundant, the latter always rather scarce. The females however
have constant differences, and the general tone of colour and
arrangement of spots on the undersides seem abundantly
sufficient to satisfy one that they are definite species though
(aeiy 1)
very closely allied. Z. dolus, however, which Mr. A. H. Jones
met with abundantly this summer, and to whom I am indebted
for some examples, seems to occupy precisely the relation to
damon that nivescens does to hylas and that the vars. hispana
and albicans do to corydon. The male appendages of the
three, damon, dolus, and admetus appear to be identical. I
may mention that Hrebia zapateri first appeared on August
Ath, even later than the date given by Mrs. Nicholl, July 29th.
Canon Zapater’s earliest date being July 21st, this no doubt in
a very exceptionally early season. We did not meet with
Melanargia ies, but took a very worn specimen of syliius at
Cuenca. This species is not- mentioned by Mrs. Nicholl.
Except M. ines, I believe we took all the species mentioned by
Mrs. Nicholl for which we were not too late. The dimorphism
of S. prieurt is another instance of this phenomenon, which is
thus rather frequent amongst the butterflies of the district.
We found the alternative form of the female very frequent,
perhaps about one in four of the females seen. Like the
Lycxenidz, the two forms are without intermediate varieties, and
the nearest approach to such a form is a specimen I exhibit.
But we observed nothing to account for or to explain the use of
the colouring of whagont. It resembles very much the female
of semele, which is abundant on the same ground. But the
habits of flight of the two are very different, and we never in
fact mistook one for the other. The brown colour, which is no
doubt the original colour in the Satyridz, in this case is more
probably a reversion, but as to this I have no data for an opinion.
The Heterocera were not specially collected, but presented
many points of interest, such as the fine Orgyia splendida, with
its remarkable habits in pairing, the curious Hndagria ulula,
Huchelia jacobxx, whose larval markings differed constantly
from those we are familiar with, the irritating larva of
Albarracina korbt on Ephedra and many others. There is
however always an attraction about a large and showy species
if it only be somewhat rare, and so I may mention Graellsia
isabelle. This species appears to inhabit not only the whole
of the region we were in, but extends westwards beyond
Madrid. We met with it first at Tragacete, where Mr.
Champion got two larve by beating, and afterwards more
( saw )
freely at Noguera; this place is some miles from Bronchales,
its supposed headquarters, but this year it was exceedingly
scarce there. It is found by looking over all accessible portions
of the fir trees, and is not so difticult to see as one might
suppose. I brought home some larve, and have now pup
_which I hope to see as imagines next May.”
Mr. L. B. Prout exhibited and commented upon a number
of Geometride also taken by Dr. Chapman and Mr. Champion
in Spain.
Mr. F. Mereirieip exhibited specimens of Pieris rapx and
P. ergane from Dalmatia, showing that the two species are
extremely difficult to separate, even if they are not identical.
Mr. C. P. Pickerr exhibited from the New Forest a specimen
of Aryynnis paphia 2, the underside showing deeper green
markings than usual, and ¢ in which the green was replaced
by a golden brown and pink coloration. He also exhibited
3 6 of Argynnis aglaia similarly aberrant.
Mr. C. J. Watkins sent for exhibition micro-photographs of
the larva in its case and the perfect insect of an Oxyethira, one
of the Hydroptilidx, a family of Miecro-Trichoptera ; these had
been taken by Mr. Mearns of Aberdeen. Also a drawing
made by himself under the microscope of a larva (in its case)
of the same genus.
December 6th.
The Rev. Canon Fowxer, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the
chair.
Election of Fellows,
Mr. Freverick EK. 8. Avair, Flixton Hall, Bungay; Mr.
Wuuiam Anninc, Box Hill, Surrey, and 39, Lime Street,
London, E.U. ; Mr. Epwarp Connoup, 7, Magdalen Terrace, St.
Leonards-on-Sea; Mr. Freperick Muir, 86, Christchurch
Street Ipswich; Mr. R. SHetrorp, The Museum, Sarawak,
Borneo; and Mr. Jonn Wappineton, 38 Leicester Grove,
Blackman Lane, Leeds, were elected Fellows of the Society.
PROC. EN'ly SOC. LOND., V. 1901. D
( gxzi 3
Exhibitions.
Mr. J. H. Carvenrer, who exhibited a number of Colias
hyale, said “the ova were obtained from a female taken at
Sheerness, August 18th, 1900, and all had hatched by the
end of the month. They fed until early in October, and
then entered into hybernation. During the winter months
they were kept indoors in a storeroom, which, from its situa-
tion, kept at a fairly even temperature, the lowest reading .
being 42° during some of the coldest nights. The plants of
clover upon whic: the larve were then hyberuating dried
up, and were kept without water; the object being to keep
the larve free from moisture, and I think that this has been
the chief cause of saccess. On the third of the following
February the larve started to feed again, but very slowly,
and were given all. the sunshine that was possible to get
during the daytime, and although many died during the
period, upwards of one hundred eventually reached the pupal
stage, the first to emerge (a male) on May 7th. This is the
first time, I believe, this species has been successfully hyber-
nated through an English winter, and has fully proved the
previously donbtful point in what stage it passes the
winter months. Being very doubtful about getting them
through the winter, I endeavoured in the September to force
the larve, but no temperature would induce them to feed,
and this is one great difference between this species and
Colias edusa, whereas some larve of the latter I had feeding
at the same time were easily forced and produced imagos in
October. The similarity between the larv of both hyale
and edusw is very remarkable, and it would be extremely
difficult to separate them but for a few minor details. This
is also common to the pup, the two being almost identical.”
Mr. J. W. Turt observed that twelve months ago there was
no reliable evidence as to the stage in which C.. hyale passed
the winter, but that Mr. Carpenter had proved that it hyber-
nates in the larval state, and pupates and emerges in the
spring. No one has yet successfully bred C’. edusa through
the winter, as they do not and cannot feed up these in this
country. In the South of Europe and in North Africa both
( xxvii )
species emerge normally in May or earlier, and the larve
attempt in Great Britain to follow out their natural habit,
with the result that the great majority must perish, especially
in the case of edusa.
Mr, R. 8. Sranpen exhibited specimens of Lycana dolus,
the type from Bordighera, and also Prerts brassice with
greenish underwings, a common form in the neighbourhood
of Florence.
Mr. C. P. Pickyrr exhibited pupa-cases of Saturnia pavonia,
one with two openings, one with no openings, and a third con-
taining three pup, from one only of which the imago had
emerged. Mr. J. W. Turt said that this phenomenon was not
unusual in the case of silkworms, and commonly occurred also
in the case of artificially bred Lasiocampa lanestris, being
probably due to overcrowding, but he did not know that there
was any evidence how the work was done.
The Rev. A. E. Eaton exhibited adult Psychodidx of morpho-
logical interest, preserved in corked tubes with 2°/ Formic
Aldehyde in distilled water.
(1) Pericoma notabilis, Etn., as a sample of male flies
retaining prothoracic air-nipples, such as Curtis figured | Brit.
Ent., xvi, 745 (1839)], and are possessed by pupe of both
sexes, illustrated both by Mial and Walker and by Fritz
Miiller in the volume of the Transactions of this Society
for 1895; also by Kellogg, Ent. News xu, 48, figs. a, B
(Feb. 1901). Pericoma soleata, Hal. MS8., has similar small
_claviform air-nipples on the prothorax; and so have some
undescribed species more nearly related to P. notaubilis, natives
of middle Europe or of Algeria.
(2) Male flies possessing erectile sacs, or else protrusible
tentacles arising one on each side of the mesothorax near
the spiracle, and receiving a strong branch from the main
trachea of each side. In the state of contraction these sacs
or tentacles resemble a tuft of hair, which is very dense in
some flies: by their distension, the tufts are either spread open,
or the tuft is resolved into scattered hairs distributed over
at least the whole of the upper surface of the tentacle.
These organs are probably subservient to sexual attraction,
and perhaps secrete scent. A few males possess them in
( xevm }
addition to the pair of prothoracic air-nipples,—for instance
P. fusca and the species figured by Curtis, P. auriculata
(both exhibited) ; but more species are possessors of the meso-
pleural pair of appendages alone. The two species last named
differ in the shape of their thoracic appendages now under
consideration : the male P. fusca has short, chitinous, slightly
curved prothoracic air-nipples, and short nipple-like meso-
pleural appendages that spread a dense epaulet-like tuft of
hair; while P. auriculata has slender club-shaped whitish
prothoracic air-nipples, and meso-pleural tentacles that are
clad with silky hair and are capable of great extension.
But in the majority of species furnished with this kind of
tracheate appendages issuing from the meso-thorax, those of
the prothorax are absent; and some have appendages of the
sac form, others of the tentacular form. Among the exhibits,
Ulomyia fuligirosa, Pericoma nubila and trivialis are ex-
ponents of the short, nipple-like, erectile, sac-shaped meso-
pleural type of appendage seen in 7. fusca; while Pericoma
palustris, mutua and the nameless species from the Schwarz-
wald, together with P. coynata which was not exhibited, have
the tentacular type of meso-pleural appendage seen in LP.
auriculata.
Papers.
~My. H. Sr. J. DonistHorre read a paper entitled “ The
Life History of Clythra quadripunctata.”
Mr. G. W. Kirkatpy communicated ‘* A Memoir upon the
Rhynchotal Family Capsidee.”
ANNUAL MEETING.
January 15th, 1902.
The Rev. Canon Fowter, M.A., F.L.8., President, in the
Chair.
- Colonel Joun W. YeErsory, h.A., one of the Auditors, read the
Treasurer’s Balance-Sheet, showing a balance of £56 16s. 1d.
in the Society’s favour.
Mr. Herpert Goss, one of the Secretaries, read the
following
(? ax )
Report of the Council.
During the Session 1901-2 one Honorary Fellow—Monsieur
J. H. Fabre—has been elected; and six Ordinary Fellows have
died—viz. Mr. C. E. Collins, the Rev. Professor William
Purdie Dickson, D.D., Dr. H. W. Livett, M.D., Mr. Lionel de
Nicéville, F.L.S., Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod, LL.D., and Mr.
H. W. Vivian, M.A. Three Fellows have resigned and
twenty-nine Fellows have been elected. The number lost by
death and resignation is far below the average, whilst the
number of Fellows elected is exactly the same as during last
year, and is far above the average. It is to be hoped that
the efforts made to bring fresh blood into the Society will
be maintained.
At present the Society consists of twelve Honorary Fel-
lows and four hundred and fifty-nine Life and Subscribing
Fellows, making a total of 471, which represents a member-
ship greater than in any previous year since the Society’s
foundation. |
The Transactions for the year 1901 form a volume of 601
pages, containing nineteen Memoirs, contributed by the
following authors—Mr. Gilbert J. Arrow (two Papers), Mr.
George C. Champion, Mr. G. C, Champion and Dr, Thomas
Algernon Chapman, Mr. W. L. Distant (two Papers), Mr.
Horace St. John K. Donisthorpe, Mr. Charles J. Gahan, Sir
George Hainpson, Bart., Mr. Martin Jacoby, Mr. Oliver
Janson, Mr. William J, Kaye, Mr. Perey Lathy, the late
Mr. John H. Leech and Mr. Richard South, Mr. Edward
Meyrick, the Rev. Francis D, Morice, Mrs. Mary de la Beche
Nicholl and Mr. H. J. Elwes, Mr. Edward Saunders, and Mr,
William Schaus.
Of these nineteen papers six relate to Coleoptera, two to
Hemiptera, two to Hymenoptera, and five to Lepidoptera.
The absence of any papers on Orthoptera, Neuroptera and
Diptera is to be regretted.
The entire cost of Plates XI. and XII. has been defrayed
by Mr. Schaus.
The Memoirs above referred to are illustrated by sixteen
Plates, of which thirteen are coloured—a number which, as
regards coloured Plates, is much greater than usual.
(- “eae )
The Report of the Proceedings, containing a record of
Exhibitions made at meetings, and discussions upon them,
consists of twenty-eight pages, a number which is far below
what it should be. The Proceedings would certainly be much
fuller and more interesting if Fellows displayed greater energy
in bringing objects of entomological interest for exhibition
and discussion, ‘The average attendance at the meetings has
increased during the past year, but there are still many
Fellows resident in, or near, London who never, or very rarely,
attend the meetings or take any part in the Proceedings, or in
any way assist to promote the objects of the Society.
During the past year ten books, not counting Transactions,
pamphlets and papers, have been added to the Library, and
the entry-book shows that two hundred and eighty-nine
volumes have been borrowed by Fellows. The increasing
size, however, of the Library, as a result among other things
of the Stainton Bequest, has seriously encroached upon the
book space at the disposal of the Librarian, and sooner or
later the question must arise as to the expediency of finding
more extensive accommodation.
The financial prosperity of the Society continues. The
amount received for current subscriptions (£350 14s. Od.) is
in excess of that of any former year. Arrears of subscrip-
tions have come in to an extent that exceeded expectation.
Three Life Compositions have been received during the year,
and have been invested in Consols, the sum so invested being
now £729 3s. Od. represented by £734 12s. 11d. Consols.
The expenditure for Plates reached the very large sum of
£163 2s. 3d. during the year, and this although the entire
cost of two Plates was defrayed by the author of one of
the papers illustrated. After carrying forward £13 13s. Od.
for subscriptions received in advance, the result of the year’s
working shows an available balance of £56 16s. 1d., with no
ascertained liabilities.
If the Council can see their way towards maintaining a
respectable balance beyond the existing requirements of the
Society, it is probable that they will again take into considera-
tion the question of the appointment of a paid Assistant
Secretary, in addition to the present paid Librarian, in order
— ~~
( =e )
to relieve the Hon. Secretaries and Hon. Treasurer of part of
the work now performed by them.
11, CHanpos STREET, CAVENDISH Square, W.
15th January, 1902.
The Secretaries having received two notices proposing to
substitute the names of Mr. Malcolm Burr, Colonel Charles
Swinhoe, and Mr. James W. Tutt, for the names of three of the
Fellows contained in the list prepared by the Council, a formal
ballot took place for the election of ten members of the
Council,- Mr. Walter F. Blandford, Dr. Thomas Algernon
Chapman, and Colonel John W. Yerbury, R.A., were appointed
Serutineers, and after the ballot papers had been counted,
it was announced that one of the Fellows recommended for
re-election into the Council was in a minority, and Colonel
Swinhoe having a majority of votes therefore displaced him.
The following Fellows with the Officers constitute the
Council for 1902: Robert Adkin; Prof. J. Hudson Beare,
B.Se., F.R.S.E. ; George C. Champion, F.Z.8.; Arthur John
Chitty, M.A.; William L. Distant ; the Rev. Canon Fowler,
M.A., F.L.8S.; Frederick du Cane Godman, D.C.L., F.R.S. ;
Herbert Goss, F.L.S., F.G.S8.; Robert McLachlan, F.R.S.,
F.L.S. ; the Rev. Francis D. Morice, M.A. ; Prof. Edward B.
Poulton, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S.; Henry Rowland-Brown, M.A.;
Edward Saunders, F.L.S.; Dr. David Sharp, M.A., F.R.S.,
F.L.S.; and Colonel Charles Swinhoe, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
The following were the Officers elected: President, The
Rev. Canon Fowler; Zeaswrer, Myr. Robert McLachlan ;
Secretaries, Mr. Herbert Goss and Mr. Henry Rowland-
Brown ; Librarian, Mr. George C. Champion.
The Rev. Canon Fowler, the President, then delivered an
Address, at the conclusion of which Prof. Poulton pro-
posed a vote of thanks to Canon Fowler, for his services
as President during the year, and for his Address. ‘The
proposal was seconded by Prof. Meldola and carried unani-
mously. Canon Fowler replied. A vote of thanks to the
Officers was moved by Col. Swinhoe, seconded by Mr, Distant,
and carried unanimously. ¢ Mr. Goss and Mr. Rowland-
Brown replied,
(/ Xe )
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Balance Sheet for the Year 1901,
RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS.
Si 0g s. d,
Balance in hand, 1st Jan. Printing Transactions, etc. 222 3 4
P90 ul at ae ee 160 16°11 -| Printing’ Thibrary (Cate
Subscriptions for 1901 ... 350 14 0 LOBUE «ics Gives’ Geel Gl
AIFEATS: ieee, vhs ever. cease le 6 0 7) Petes, be: 4.5, nstle etek een
Admission Fees... ... 3312 0 | Rent and Office Ex-
Dopasions 4. 0 ae see A EG POHSES .55 0 tes cee ceo Gee
Sales of Transactions, ete. 85 7 5 | Books and Binding... ... 28 5 10
», Library Catalogue 23 14 5 | Investment in Consols ... 47 5 0
Interest on Investments :— | Subscriptions in advance
Consols .,. ... £1716 2 | carried to 1902. ... .... 13 13.0
Westwood Bequest 6 15 11 Balance” 2... 2.0 ses ss re
——2412 1.
Life Compositions ... ... 47 5 0 |
Subscriptions in advance 1313 0.
£784 13 4 | £784 18 4
ASSETS.
Subscriptions in arrear considered good (say) ot “hs SAO
Investments :—
Cost of £734 12s. 11d. Consols
Cost of £239 12s. 4d. Birmingham Corporation 3 per
cent.
Balance in hand
.«0 Bloor oe
250 0 O
56 16 1
NO ASCERTAINED LIABILITIES.
RopertT McLacui.an,
Treasurer.
Audited and found correct.
8th January, 1902.
J. W. YERBURY,
A. Hueu JoNEs.
R. Wyuiz Lioyp.,
¢ sxamr
THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.
GENTLEMEN,
The Report of the Council which you have just heard
read by the Secretary is, I think I may say without fear of
contradiction, the most satisfactory that has ever been
presented to the Society: the number of Fellows is greater
than in any previous year since its foundation, and the
financial position of the Society was never on a sounder foot-
ing: this has enabled us to publish a volume of Transactions,
which is certainly not surpassed by those of any Ento-
mological Society in the world. I am sure that all will agree
with me that this result is largely due to the excellent
work of our Secretaries and Treasurer and, I should like to add
also, our Librarian: I sincerely hope that the question of a
paid Assistant Secretary, as suggested in the Report, may be
taken into serious consideration, for I know by experience
that it is a thing much to be desired. If I may say a word or
two with regard to the Transactions themselves, I naturally feel
gratified to see the Coleoptera at the head of the list of papers,
but I should like to endorse the regret expressed by the
Secretaries at the absence of any communications on Diptera,
Orthoptera and Neuroptera: in the former of these there
remains a vast amount of work to be done even with regard
to our British species, and if I were a beginner, I should take
them up in preference to any other Order.
Tt used to be the custom for the President to allude to any
noticeable works on Entomology that had appeared during the
previous year: | do not know of many important ones, besides
Kieffer’s work on the Cecidomyiidze just concluded in the
“French Annals,” and Mr. Newstead’s volume of Coccidse
published by the Ray Society, and I may perhaps be allowed
to mention the first volume of our late President’s work on
( =x}
Diptera (although it was published just before he went out of
office), and to express a hope that more will soon be forth-
coming: nor perhaps ought Maurice Maeterlinck’s work ‘La
vie d’Abeille” to be passed over, as being the only serious
work on Entomology of which over ten thousand copies were
sold in a few weeks.
Our Obituary is, I am glad to say, very small, the smallest,
I believe, on record. ,
Miss ELfanor A. ORMEROD was well known as an observer
of injurious insects, and for many years did very valuable
work for agriculturalists: she published twenty-four Annual
Reports on insect pests and several larger works which have
had a wide circulation: she was elected a Fellow of the
Society in 1878, and in 1900 the University of Edinburgh
conferred upon her the degree of LL.D.: by her will she has
left a large sum of money to the University for the furtherance
of Economic Entomology, and it is hoped that a chair ora
readership at least in the subject may be founded: in private
life Miss Ormerod was well known for her kindness and
generosity ; I remember some years ago, applying to her for
a contribution towards saving the collections of an Entomo-
logist, which, through no fault of his own, were perforce
coming under the hammer, and receiving, I believe by return
of post, a sum more than sufficient to make up the required
difference.
Mr. Lionet dE NIcEVILLE first went out to India about
1870. In 1879, when he was employed in the N.W.P. Secre-
tariat at Simla, he and Major G. F. L. Marshall, R.E., formed
a project for publishing a joint work on the Butterflies of
India, Ceylon and Burma; in 1882 they published vol. i,
pt. 1, and in 1883 pt. 2; after this Major Marshall’s health
compelled him to give up the work, which de Nicéville con-
tinued alone, publishing in 1886 vol. ii, and in 1890 vol. iii,
since which time nothing further has been published, though
we believe the MSS. of the other volumes is complete, and
hope that some one will be found to take up his work and
publish the two remaining volumes. De Nicéville also pub-
lished a large number of papers on the Butterflies of the
Oriental Regions, principally in the Journals of the Royal
( mer }
Asiatic Society and Bombay Natural History Society. For
some years after 1880 he worked at the Indian Museum,
Caleutta ; he then became Deputy Clerk of the Small Cause
Court in Caleutta ; and in 1900 he was appointed Government
Entomologist in the Indian Museum, and it was during an
official visit to investigate insect pests on tea estates in the
Sikhim Terai that he contracted the malarial fever which
caused his death on the 3rd of December, 1901, which might
perhaps have been avoided but for his inveterate dislike to
sleeping under mosquito curtains. His magnificent collection
of butterflies has been most fitly purchased by the Indian
Museum and will be available for students in India.
Proressor W, P. Dickson was not a working Entomologist,
but represented the University of Glasgow as a Fellow of the
Society : he was elected in 1886.
Dr. H. W. Livert resided at Wells, where he was one of
the leading citizens, and was very much respected by all classes
of the community. He began the study of Lepidoptera in
France in 1836, and in 1858 he began to collect in England,
and continued to do so for forty years: he had a large
garden in which he used to take many good things: he
was one of the chief promoters and supporters of the Wells
Natural History Society, of which he was at one time the
President,
In Mr. H. W. Vivian, who was elected a Fellow in 1889,
the Society has lost, at an early age, a Fellow who, if he
had lived, might have done very valuable work: he was
chiefly interested in the Lepidoptera.
Mr. C. EK. Conuins had only been a Fellow for a short time,
having been elected in 1899: he was a very promising worker
at British Coleoptera and Hemiptera.
Among foreign Entomologists we may perhaps mention
M. ALEXANDRE Constant, who died near Cannes, France, on
May 15, aged 72: he was a Lepidopterist, especially a Micro-
Lepidopterist, and essentially a field naturalist, and in this
capacity an unselfish helper of others, but he published
several papers on novelties in Lepidoptera and notes on habits,
ete., and also wrote a long and valuable catalogue of the
Lepidoptera of the department of Sadne and Loire,
( =exva’ )
T have been unable to find any notice of the death of any
other important foreign Entomologist, so that the foreign
obituary is even more scanty than the home one, and the
century has certainly begun well for Entomologists,
In the “Journal of the Linnean Society” (vol. xxvi, p.
562), Professor Poulton quotes me as having said at a meeting
of the Entomological Society, held in the summer of 1897, that
I thought “ there was too much assumption about the current
theories of Mimicry.” To a certain extent, I confess, I am
of the same opinion, but only as regards matters of detail. I
entirely disagree with those writers who would lightly set
aside the whole subject, and who refuse to see in the most
striking facts anything but accidental coincidences. It is
quite true that we ought to proceed carefully, but the wildest
deductions from observed and verified facts are much better
than mere stagnation, and I think that most of us will agree
with the words of Professor Meldola in his Presidential Address
to the Society in January 1896: after referring to a naturalist
of the old school, William Swainson, who, writing in 1834,
speaks of the observance of Nature, without making any
attempt to generalise the facts so acquired, as “a mere
amusement, fascinating indeed and even useful, but totally
disconnected with the objects of philosophic science,” he con-
tinues as follows :—‘‘ Now I venture to think that entomology
in this country has been retarded in its development for want
of a little more of this-‘ philosophic science’; by an unwilling-
ness on the part of our most active workers to give rein to
the imagination—by an over-cautiousness which is damping to
the speculative faculty. It appears to me that in entomology
we have arrived at a state where we are suffering from a
plethora of facts ; if we are not in a position to explain every-
thing connected with the development, life-histories, instincts,
classification and distribution of insects as a class of animals,
we are at any rate in a position, speaking paradoxically, to
know what we want to know, and I do not see how we are
going to adyance unless a more generous use is made of
hypothesis as a scientific guide.” No one knows better than
( xxxvii )
Professor Meldola, who has done so much good work at the
subject, what a plethora of facts we are at present suffering
from with regard to Mimicry, and how necessary it is to make
the attempt at all events to reduce them to some order: since
the date of his address much has been added to our knowledge
of the subject with regard to the Lepidoptera, but very little has
been done in the case of other Orders, and I therefore propose
to say something with regard to Protective Resemblance and
Mimicry as affecting the Coleoptera, not however omitting
references to other orders of insects, where they may seem to
have any bearing upon the part of the subject under discussion.
Now in the case of the Lepidoptera the chief argument
put forward by the opponents of the theory of Mimicry is
much as follows :—‘‘The chief instances of Mimicry which have
hitherto been noticed, occur among the butterflies: and, for
the fact to be significant, we must, of course, presuppose that
the butterflies are largely preyed upon by birds, lizards, ete. :
otherwise the whole ratson détre of the theory falls to the
ground ; now it is very rarely that in our country we see a
bird catch a butterfly, and, when it does, it seems to do it as
much out of wantonness as for food, and collectors in tropical
countries tell us the same; we ought, therefore, in the present
state of our knowledge, to leave the whole question in abey-
ance, for no deductions can have any weight when drawn from
such unsound premisses.”
We need not discuss the question as far as it affects the
Lepidoptera, further than to say that there is strong evidence
that butterflies ae eaten by birds, but even granting that
they are not, when we come to the Coleoptera, we have an easy
and obvious means of proving that they form a large part
of the food of many birds and reptiles: the soft body of a
butterfly, after the wings have been torn off, is very easily
digested and absorbed, whereas the beetles, being possessed of
a hard integument, remain in the crop of the bird or in the
stomach of a toad or frog for a considerable time in a more
or less unaltered condition : the elytra, especially, appear to
continue intact, and from these the families, genera or even
species of the beetles may be determined: if, therefore, we
find a large number belonging to a particular genus in the
( xmexvaia )
crops of the birds examined we may conclude that the mem-
bers of that genus are not distasteful, and that, in fact, they
form part of the regular food of the birds in question: i,
however, we find the members of any particular genus, which
is equally abundant in the same locality, absent or represented
by a few stray specimens, we may fairly conclude that they
are distasteful, and, at most, only eaten under pressure of
hunger: and, further, we shall expect to find the first of these
with a cryptic appearance, and the second class more or less
aposematically or warningly coloured: nor do our conclusions
end here: for if we can prove the case with regard to
Coleoptera, we have gone far towards proving it for Lepidop-
tera as well: at all events this seems to be a legitimate con-
clusion from the facts, and if it is allowed by the opposite
party they will, of course, be obliged to reconsider their
position of uncompromising hostility to the whole theory, even
if they still look askance at particular instances.
With regard to the rapacious birds, | have received from
Professor Hudson Beare a very valuable communication made
by Mr. George Sim to the ‘Scottish Naturalist” (vol. ii,
1873-4, p, 289): in the course of ten years, Mr. Sim examined
the contents of the stomachs of three hundred and five of the
Accytres and Striges ; although part of the table of results
may be considered as beyond our subject, yet I venture to
give it in its entirety with additional notes, as it proves con-
clusively how very little real harm our birds of prey do, and
how that harm is to a great extent compensated for by the
destruction of mice, shrews and insects :-—
3 Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysxétus, L.). Lamb’s wool, and
part of a rabbit.
Sea Kagles (Halixétus albicilla, L.), and 3 Rough-legged
Buzzards (Buteo lagopus, Gmel.). Empty. It is possible
that the latter of these birds may occasionally feed on
large insects. |
Common Buzzards (Buteo vulgaris, Leech). . Frogs and
Lo
3
mice.
2 Honey Buzzards (Pernis apivorus, L.). Wasps and their
larve. This bird also preys on bees and dragon-flies and
other insects.
il le lh
(; xr)
2 Hen Harriers (Circus cyanevs, L.). Parts of rabbit. The
Harriers prey on frogs, snakes, rats, insects, etc., or even
on rabbits and birds.
3 Ospreys (Pandion haliectus, L.). Fish and beetles in
numbers.
6 Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus, Tunst.). These birds
prey mostly on birds, but also on shrews, rats, ete.
2 Hobbys (falco subbuteo, L.). Shrews. The Rev. Murray
A. Matthews, in one of the most recent books on British
Birds,* states that the food of this species consists
chiefly of insects: such as dragon-tlies, large moths and
beetles.
12 Merlins (Yalco xsalon, Tunst.). 1, linnet; 1, beetles; 10,
mice and shrews. Mr. Matthews speaks of this bird as
occasionally feeding on beetles.
1 Red-legged Falcon (falco vespertinus, L.). Beetles and a
mouse. This species appears to be almost entirely insect-
ivorous, and, as its name implies, is crepuscular in its
habits, and feeds largely on the night-flying moths.
36 Kestrels (Yalco tinnunculus, L.). 3, beetles; 1, grasshoppers ;
1, larve ; 1 contained the following :—60 caterpillars, 30
grasshoppers, 11 beetles, 1 earwig; 1, fur of rabbit and
beetles ; 29, mice and shrews. Mr. Matthews says of this
species :—“ In mild winters kestrels feed almost entirely
upon the common ‘clock’ beetles, as the writer has
proved by dissection. In hot summer weather they
capture numerous Z%pule—‘ daddy-longlegs ’—and may be
seen hovering over and pouncing upon them in the dry
bents ; grasshoppers, caterpillars, earth-worms, frogs, and
lizards are also preyed upon ; cockchafers, too, are largely
devoured, being caught in the air with their feet, and eaten
while they are on the wing.”
49 Sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus, L.). 6, small birds; 43
mice and shrews. I can find no record of this species
feeding on insects.
70 Long-eared Owls (Asio otus, L.). 1, small bird ; 69, mice
* “British Birds with their Nests and Eggs,” six vols. by various writers.
_ [llustrated by F. W. Frohawk ; Brumby and Clarke, Ltd. Several of the
references with regard to the birds mentioned are taken from this work.
(<ai>)
and shrews. ‘This species is also recorded as feeding on
large moths and beetles.
80 Tawny Owls (Syrneium aluco, L.). 1, earth-worms ; 2, small
birds ; 1, rabbit ; 1, caterpillars; 1, beetles; 1,a weasel ; 4,
empty ; 69, mice and shrews. Lord Lilford speaking of
this bird says:—‘“‘I cannot acquit the brown owl of an
occasional bit of poaching, but I am convinced that such
occurrences are exceptional, and, in defence of a very
favourite bird, may refer my readers to the result of
an examination of 210 pellets, composed of the indigestible
portions of food thrown up by birds of this species, quoted
in Yarrell’s ‘ British Birds, fourth edition, p. 148. In
the pellets the remains of 6 rats, 42 mice, 296 voles, 33
shrews, 48 moles, 18 small birds, 48 beetles, besides (sic) a
countless number of cockchafers, were discovered.”
16 Barn Owls (Strix flammea, L.). All mice. Occasionally
this species feeds on beetles.
14 Short-eared Owls (Asio accipitrinus, Pall.). 1, bird ; 18,
mice. This species also varies its diet with beetles ; this is
probably the case, to a greater or less degree, with the
whole of the Strigide.
I have received a very interesting communication with
regard to the subject from Mr. R. Newstead ; he has worked
systematically, and his observations are most valuable, as he
is able, being a Coleopterist, to give a list of the families of the
beetles found in the numerical order of their occurrence: he
says that broadly speaking most insectivorous, and numbers
of other birds eat beetles, and that he has chiefly found them
in the stomachs of birds belonging to the following families or
sub-families :—Turdine (Thrushes-and Blackbirds, Redstarts,*
Robins, etc.) ; Cinclide (Dippers) ; Sylviine (Warblers) ; Paride
(Tits); Sittide (Nuthatches) ; Certhiide (Tree Creepers) ;
Motacillide (Wagtails); Laniide (Shrikes); Muscicapide
(Flycatchers) ; Hirundinide (Swallows) ; Cypselidee (Swifts) ;
Sturnide (Starlings); Corvidee (Crows and Rooks); Capri-
mulgide (Goatsuckers) ; Picarie (Woodpeckers) ; Cuculide
(Cuckoos), and also occasionally members of other Orders.
* Mr. W. Holland of the Oxford University Museum has kindly sent
me a note to the effect that he examined the crop of a Black Redstart and
found it full of small Staphylinide.
( ta)
The beetles chiefly found in the stomachs of the birds,
putting them in the order of frequency of occurrence, were as
follows :—
1. Otiorrhynchide, Curculionide and Scolytidx (chiefly larve of
the latter): remains of the two first of these families
occurred in 90 per cent. of all insect-eating birds.
2. Scarabeeide, chiefly Aphodius and Geotrupes.
3. Elateride. Larvie (wireworms) and imagines, chiefly the
latter.
4. Geodephaga. The genus Carabus and its allies.
5. Longicornia of the genus Rhagium.
6. Halticide. Phyllotreta, Thyamis, ete.
The Coccinellide as a rule appear to be much disliked, but
are occasionally eaten. Mr. Newstead has a few records of
their occurrence in the stomachs of Hirundinide, and his
father in 1891 published in the “ Entomologist” (xxiv, p.
122) a very interesting account of their being eaten by the
Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus, L.): this gull is fond of
large moths which it catches in summer on the wing, and Mr.
Newstead, having noticed a number of these birds hawking for
insects like swallows over the tops of some trees, shot one
which, on its fall, voided thirty or forty specimens of a
Coccinella: on the same page Mr. McArthur records the
occurrence of elytra of Coccinellidz in the stomachs of
cuckoos: these birds seem to be as abnormal in their food as
in their habits, for they are, apparently, fond of nauseous larvee
such as those of Abraxas grossulariata, which, as far as we know,
are most distasteful to other birds. Mr. Newstead also records
(“ Entomologist,” xxiv, p. 100) the discovery by himself of four
fresh specimens of a Coccinellid (Hippodamia mutabilis) in a
specimen of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Picus major, L.) ;
the stomach of this bird was filled with half-digested larvee of
Rhagium bifasciatum, thus proving that the insects were not
eaten from stress of hunger ; and quite recently Mr. Tutt in
the December number of the “ Entomologists’ Record” (p, 355)
records the fact that a number of starlings were shot some
time ago by the same observer, and that their crops were
full of Wysia oblongoguttata.
I have gone into this question at some length, as there is a
PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1901. E
(xe 4
general idea that the Coccinellide are scarcely ever touched :
it may be considered as proved that they are very distasteful,
but at times they are certainly eaten by birds with relish, and
not through want of other food. Batrachians seem to object
to them. Professor Poulton tells me that he has seen a tree
frog go for a Coccinellid and then retire in disgust, and I
believe that many others have had much the same experience.
The beetles that appear to be almost universally rejected are
the Lampyride and their allies, the Lycidz, Telephoride, etc.
The Telephoride, as is well known, are among our most
abundant insects in summer, and the air is often full of them
on sunny days, and yet Mr. Newstead failed to discover the
remains of a single specimen in all the birds that he examined :
and Mr. Belt (“ Naturalist in Nicaragua,” p. 317) states that in
his experience the Lampyride and their allies were universally —
rejected by monkeys and fowls. As we might expect, they
are one of the most widely-mimicked groups of the Coleoptera.
The subject of the food of the North American birds has,
I believe, been largely taken up by the American Board of
Agriculture, but I have not been able to consult the records,
nor would there be time now to discuss them: with regard to
tropical birds comparatively few observations have been
published. Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, however, informs me
that he is sure that many tropical birds eat beetles, especially
the larger Cuckoos, the Drongos (Hdolius, etc.), and some of
the Hawks and Buzzards, in whose crops or stomachs he has
often found elytra or part of them. Experiments with birds
in captivity are not, perhaps, quite satisfactory, but Mr.
Donisthorpe has sent me a few valuable observations with
regard to Clythra quadripunctata, Gonioctena (Phytodecta)
rujipes, etc., and species of Lina, which were emphatically
rejected by several birds both British and foreign in the
Zoological Gardens. All the species, however, were eaten by
a Racket-tailed Drongo, which readily devoured even dead
specimens of Lina (Melasoma xnea.). Certain observations
have been made in the case of frogs, toads, and lizards, and it
seems plain that the Reptilia and Batrachians feed more or
less on beetles. I have myself found the remains of a large
Pterostichus (I believe it was P. madidus) in the stomach of a
( 2h )
toad: the presence of so large a beetle is of itself a proof
of the rapid poisonous action of the secretions of the stomach,
as otherwise so large an insect would probably in its struggles
have caused considerable laceration.
It is probable that several of the smaller mammalia, such as
mice, hedgehogs, etc., account for a large number of Coleo-
ptera, but there seems to be little or no evidence as to species
which are tasteful or distasteful to these animals, It is
of course well known, that hedgehogs are very partial to
Blattidee.
We might discuss this part of our subject at much greater
length, but enough has been said to prove that whatever may
be the case with the Lepidoptera, the Coleoptera are beset
by innumerable enemies, and therefore any modification of
form or colour or habits, which may enable them to escape
from their attacks, must be most useful for the protection and
continuance of the race; in the case of the beetles, at any
rate, there is a strong case for Protective Resemblance and
Protective Mimicry.
Starting then from this point we may say that the Coleo-
ptera are protected in the following ways :—
1. By a very hard integument.
2. By the assimilation of colour or form to environment
(Protective Resemblance).
3. By adopting colours which are in strong contrast to
environment (Warning Colours).
4, By cryptic or concealing attitudes,
5. By warning attitudes.
6. By warning sounds.
7. By the secretion of distasteful juices or odorous
substances.
8. By resemblance to unpleasant substances, such as the
droppings of birds.
9. By resemblance to well-protected insects other than
Coleoptera, such as ants, bees and wasps, and also by imitating
other genera and species of the same Order which are plainly
distasteful (Batesian Mimicry).
10. By a general resemblance throughout a large series of
species belonging to the same or different genera, families and
( xliv)
orders, in a simple scheme of aposematic or warning coloration
(Miillerian Mimicry).
1. Beetles as a rule are protected by their integument, but
in some species the outer covering is quite soft, and in some
it is much harder than in others and is a very evident pro-
tection: this is specially the case with several of the large
sombre-coloured South African Curculionide. I have made
experiments with dry and hollow specimens of a comparatively
small species of Brachycerus, or an allied genus, and found that
when laid upon a board with another board above they would
bear a weight of more than a quarter of a ewt. without giving
or breaking : on a carpet or on turf they would bear much more :
many of these beetles offer almost as much resistance to a pin
as a walnut-shell, and they would be quite safe from the
attacks of ordinary birds; in this connection it is worth
noticing that Lord Avebury in his work on ‘‘ Ants, Bees, and
Wasps” (p. 16), speaking of the ant Myrmecina Latreillii, says
that “‘ their skin is very hard, and they roll themselves into a
ball, not defending themselves even if their nest is invaded :
to prevent which they make the entrances small, and often
station at each a worker, who uses her head to stop the way ”:
it has been surmised that the enormous and very hard head
of the large workers of the Leaf-cutting Ant Mcodoma
cephalotes has some protective meaning for the individual
and for the nest in general. Several of the ants-nest beetles,
especially those belonging to the Histeride, appear to be
protected by their hard covering and smooth surface from any
attacks on the part of the ants they live with.
2. We need not discuss at length the question of the assimil-
ation of colour to environment, as we find it running through
the whole animal kingdom: it is however especially marked
in large numbers of Coleoptera, especially in those that live on
or about wood and bark.
Several Carabide (e. g. Webria complanata) and many of the
Cicindelide afford excellent instances of protective resemblance,
but it is among the Longicornia and the Rhynchophora that
we find the best instances: whole groups of these closely
resemble the bark of the trees on which they live, or the
( aly -)
ground on which they rest. We need only mention such
genera as Batocera, Saperda, and Lamia among the Longi-
corns, and Brachycerus and Lithinuws among the weevils ; the
species of the latter genus, LZ. superciliosus, L. penicillatus,
and L. nigrocristatus (all from Madagascar) are usually con-
sidered to be typical instances of resemblance to surroundings :
the last-named species so closely resembles the lichen-covered
twigs on which it lives that it can hardly be detected by an
unpractised eye, even when its position is pointed out, and
another Madagascar genus Rhytidophleus is almost as well
concealed: we find almost the same facies in the Longicorn
genera Desmophora, from South America, and Onychocerus
also closely resembles lichen ; but perhaps the closest resem-
blance to this is afforded by the members of the Homopterous
genus Flatoides: the bodies of these are concealed by the
tegmina, which are formed as in Cassida, but the upper
surface is so marked and moulded that the insects exactly
resemble a piece of lichen, or lichen growing round bark:
several members of the Elaterid genera Jphis and Alaus are
so coloured as to resemble bark, and the same to a less degree
might be said of members of other groups. Conspicuous
colouring, moreover, is not necessarily aposematic or “ warn-
ing”: it may be pre-eminently cryptic when seen in its
proper surroundings: in the case of the sombrely-coloured genus
Prosopocera from East Africa we find among the dull brownish
species a conspicuous insect, P. alboplagiata, which is probably
well protected in its natural environment, and the same is
true of certain species of Coptops. In 1851 Francis Galton
wrote as follows :*—‘‘ No more conspicuous animal can well
be conceived, according to common idea, than the zebra: but
on a bright starlight night the breathing of one may be heard
close by you, and yet you will be positively unable to see the
animal. If the black stripes were more numerous he would be
seen as a black mass: if the white, as a white one: but their
proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid
ground possesses when seen by moonlight’”’: in connection
with this statement, it is worth mentioning that there is a
* Galton’s ‘“‘South Africa” (Minerva Library), p. 187 : quoted by Poulton,
‘“The Colours of Animals,” p. 25,
(sea gy
considerable amount of zebra-like colouring among the Longi-
corns and perhaps certain Rhynchophora: the black and white
stripes may be arranged longitudinally as in Ornithia, Platy-
arthron, Teniotes and many species of Dorcadion, or horizon-
tally or in more or less confluent rows of spots as in Z'mesisternus,
Stenygra, Colobothea and others. In the present state of our
knowledge we cannot draw the line between protective resem-
blance and warning coloration in these cases ; even a conspicuous
species like Belt’s Longicorn Deliathis nivea may be,and probably
is, well protected by its surroundings. One of the best instances
of obvious protective resemblance among the Coleoptera, how-
ever, appears to be found in the large and handsome Longicorn
Petrognathus gigas from India : not only does its upper surface
closely resemble dead velvety moss, but its antenne are exactly
like dry wood tendrils : XYylorrhiza venosa is almost as striking
an example : this portion of our subject is almost inexhaustible,
but we cannot pursue it further.
With regard to cryptic forms we need only mention the
resemblance of certain beetles to seeds, knobs of bark, bunches
of lichen, etc.: there are many instances of these and some
have before been alluded to: the occurrence of protective forms
is much more prevalent among the Homoptera: the members of
the large genus Umbonia, for instance, so closely resemble the
thorns of the plants on the stems on which they sit that it is
impossible to distinguish them without close examination.
3. There is no time to say much upon the subject of
warning colours, but we shall speak of them again under
the heading of Miillerian Mimicry: we find them well pro-
nounced in the case of the Coccinellide and Telephoride which
are known to be distasteful: it has even been suggested that
the light of the glowworm is to a certain extent warning, but
there seems to be no confirmation of this: we may however
say broadly that, when we see an insect coloured in strong
contrast to its natural surroundings, it is either distasteful
or a mimic of a distasteful species.
4, Under cryptic attitudes we may include the curious.
method in which certain Staphylinide contort their bodies
into a small space and remain motionless, and also the habit
of simply drawing in their legs and suddenly dropping and
( xlvn )
lying quite still as if dead, which we find among a con-
siderable number of groups (Byrrhidx, Curculionide, etc.).
Such insects are often doubly protected: they escape both
by feigning death and also by their close resemblance to their
surroundings after they have fallen. I have come across the
very local and usually rare minute weevil, Ceuthorrhynchidius
dawsont in numbers in the Isle of Wight, on Plantago
coronopus, and found it impossible to discover them after they
had dropped, until thinking the danger over, they began to
bestir themselves, The common beetle Broscus cephalotes is
said to feign death, but I am inclined to place its curious
habit under the next heading.
5. We do not appear to find among the Coleoptera many
definite instances of what I have usually considered to be
warning or scare attitudes proper, such as we find in the
Hickory Horned caterpillar of America, or in the Frilled Lizard
of Australia: the red pouches at the sides of the Melyrid
genus MJalachius, which it extends when disturbed, may how-
ever be classed with the frilled or raised crests or extended
glands of these animals. Ocypus olens certainly looks very
formidable with tail cocked up, white glands exserted and
wide-open jaws, but I have been inclined to regard this as
merely a fighting attitude such as we find in Yormica rufa
when disturbed. Professor Poulton has however rightly
pointed out to me that all such attitudes are warning if the
enemy is experienced, but denote readiness for battle if it is
inexperienced, and that they therefore are correctly included
under warning attitudes: we find an analogy to these in the
display and noise and beating of spears against shields with
which the armies of barbarous nations or savages advance to
battle, and of which we read from the times of Xenophon
to the present day: they are meant to be partly terrifying
and partly a display of strength, but in every case to be more
or less deceptive and strategic: the fighting attitude of the
male swan when disturbed, the raising of the bristles and
the display of teeth of the dog when he sees an enemy, are
in part warning attitudes, and we find innumerable instances
throughout the animal kingdom. Lord Avebury (‘“ Ants, Bees,
and Wasps,” Intern, Scientific Series, p. 16) speaks of the little
( xiv 3)
ant Crematogaster sordidula, specimens of which he watched
while feeding on some drops of honey which the much larger
Formica cinerea desired to share: the moment one approached,
however, the little Crematogasters simply threatened them
with the tip of their abdomen, and the fear of the poison to
follow caused the Formicas to immediately beat a hasty
retreat. Some hornets recently kept by Professor Poulton
have been observed by him to warn in the most marked
manner with their abdomen and sting when disturbed: the
same habit has been noticed in the case of certain wasps, and
is probably common throughout the Aculeate Hymenoptera.
I am strongly of opinion that the warning attitudes of snakes
and stinging insects, and also the hissings and rattlings of
the former and the angry hummings of the latter are in a
great measure meant to avoid an unnecessary expenditure
of power: the secretion of poison is a considerable drain on
the system, and if the object in view can be obtained without
its actual use, so much the better for the constitution and for
the economy of the creature in question.
Since I wrote the foregoing an interesting article by Mr.
Donisthorpe has appeared in the “ Entomologist’s Record”
(vol. xiii, No. 12, p. 347), “On some experiments with
Myrmecophilous Coleoptera”: in describing the behaviour
of Dinarda Maerkeli he says: “ When the species meets an
ant it stands still and raises the abdomen over the body, and
if the ant tries to attack it (which they often do), it pokes
the end of the body into the ant’s face. The ant starts back
and the beetle resumes its career.” This is the invariable
defence of the beetle: it belongs to what Father Wasmann
calls ‘ the hostile persecuted lodgers,” and they, of course, all
require protection. The other beetles which were observed
to adopt the same means of defence were: Wotothecta flavipes,
Thiasophila angulata, Myrmedonia humeralis, funesta and
lugens, Astilbus canaliculatus and Quedius brevis. It is pro-
bable that the very curious attitude of Encephalus complicans
may be an analogous case.
6. We have just alluded to warning sounds: the angry note
of a bee about to sting is quite different from its ordinary
hum, and I have a strong impression from an experience I
Maat AS. kh Ore
( <li ))
/
had as a boy that the same is the case with the hornet ;
I did not, however, on that occasion wait to investigate
matters any further. In spite of all that has been said it
appears plain that the rattle of the rattlesnake is in part
a warning organ, whatever may be its other uses. With regard
to the Coleoptera it is well known that they possess a large
number of sound and stridulatory organs. Mr. Guy A. K.
Marshall believes that these are apparently often meant to
intimidate, even if they are not true warning organs: for
there can be no doubt that the sound is begun when the
beetle is disturbed or taken in hand, as we have most of us
experienced. The whole question, however, is a very large
one, and will well repay investigation.
7. A large number of Coleoptera secrete and exude dis-
tasteful juices or odorous substances. The members of the
genus Carabus, and many other Carabide, and also certain
Chrysomelidz, and the majority perhaps of the Coccinellidz
will at once occur to us: the most malodorous species for their
size are certain small Staphylinide. Species of Myrmedoinia
possess the quality in a very noticeable degree, and evidently use
it asa means of defence if attacked by their hosts, and one often
wonders how a tiny Oxytelus can produce such a powerful smell.
The odour of many of these small beetles is very like the
smothering smell of a candle which has been blown out and left
to smoulder, and this, as I know by experience, is the char-
acteristic smell of the local Longicorn Agapanthia lineatocollis,
but some have the peculiar smell of rotten fruit, and others
again like Aromia moschata have an agreeable effect upon our
olfactory nerves. In my work on British Coleoptera I see
that I have a note with regard to the latter species to the effect
that ‘it is the only member of the sweet-scent-emitting group
which is found in Britain: the allied genus Callichromia con-
tains a large number of exotic species, in some of which the
odour is very strong: it is apparently more or less of a
sexual character, and exercises a markedly attractive power,
as it is present in both sexes, although it is believed, as a rule,
to be more powerful in the female.” I still believe that these
scents have a sexual significance, at all events in many cases,
but the example of the skunk and other higher animals at
(by
any rate give colour to the belief that they are largely
defensive and probably often offensive characters : the secre-
tions and odours are certainly more than sexual in many of
the Hemiptera, especially in the Pentatomide, Acanthiide and
Reduviide. Before leaving this part of our subject it is well to
bear in mind that we cannot in any way argue as to the pleasant-
ness or unpleasantness of a smell to other animals from the
effect it has upon ourselves ; a dog for instance will take great
delight in substances and smells which to us would be most
revolting, while the cat tribe, from the lion downwards, will
show the most effusive pleasure over scents which a dog
will turn away from in disgust: if any one doubts this, let
him offer a lion a piece of paper soaked with lavender-
water : and, if the tastes of the higher animals are so different,
we cannot say that we know anything of the tastes of the
lower animals, and it is quite likely that the sweet scent of
Aromia or Callichromiu may be most nauseous or even harmful
to their enemies.
8. A large number of insects resemble the droppings of
birds—sometimes the splash of a dropping falling froma height
like many of the geometrid moths as they sit on trunks or
leaves in a wood,* sometimes freshly-deposited droppings like
the larvee or pupz of several of the Thecle or Hairstreak butter-
flies: in the case of Coleoptera, Mr. Champion tells me that
species of the large genus Chlamys so closely resemble the drop-
pings of caterpillars that inexperienced people will not believe
that they are anything else, even when they are pointed out
to them: the species of the weevil Cvonus form good examples :
the small Longicorn Desmophora farinosa described by Bates
from Panama may also be mentioned, and several species also
of the Melolonthid genus Ceraspis: one of the best instances of
aggressive resemblances in insects is afforded by the spider
described by Forbes (‘A Naturalist’s Wanderings in the Eastern
Archipelago,” p. 63): seeing a Lycenid butterfly settled on
what was apparently a bird-dropping, he approached it gently
and seized it, when the body came off in his hand: at first he
thought it had been caught by the glutinous matter, but on
closer examination he found that the supposed dropping was a
* Professor Poulton, ‘‘ The Colours of Animals,” p. 57.
ae 75) - tas oe
( li )
spider, which with its thin film presented a complete resem-
blance to a fresh bird-dropping, even to the liquid matter
running to the apex of the leaf and congealing.
Several of the small rugose Homoptera belonging to the
genus Bolbonota, many of which closely resemble species of
Chlamys in facies, also resemble the droppings of caterpillars.
9. A great many Coleoptera are protected by their resem-
blance to well-protected insects such as ants, bees and wasps:
and in such cases they often resemble the species they copy,
not only in colour but also in habit; thus our wasp-like
Clytus arietis is very different from the usually sluggish
Longicorns, and runs swiftly up and down the leaves on
which it settles just like a wasp: Pachyta cerambyciformis
again may be seen hovering up and down over shrubs just
like Hymenopterous insects: a strong resemblance to wasps
and bees is found in members of the Longicorn genera Lsthesis
(Australia), Acyphoderes (Brazil and Mexico), Sphecomorpha
(Brazil), Isthmiade (Brazil), Hephxstion (Chili), Bromiades
(Cuba), and many others: two of the most striking examples
are perhaps Callisphyris macropus from Chili and Peru, and
Ulochextes leoninus from British Columbia: the latter is
exactly like a species of humble-bee; a close resemblance to
the humble-bee is also found in the Staphylinid Emus hirtus,
one of our rarest British insects, and in the Cetoniid genus
Trichius: the Longicorn genus Macrones (Australia) resembles
large Braconide ; several other excellent instances of this kind
of resemblance are given by Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace in his
work on “Darwinism,” p. 258, which we need not here recapitu-
late. Ants are largely mimicked by the Heteromerous family
Anthicide, especially by the large genera Anthicus and Lormic-
omus, and also by Cleride and Longicornia as in the case of
Pseudocephalus fornicides and P. mura from Australia. We
might naturally expect the inquiline beetles of the ants’
nests to resemble their hosts, and we find that in many
instances this is the case, when they are viewed in their
natural position in the nest: when they are taken out of
their environment the surroundings are by no means so
obvious: Wasmann is of opinion that the inquilines are
aggressive, and states that the better the sight of the ant (and
(fi Fy
it can be proved by the number of facets to the eyes that the
vision of different species must vary very much) the more
closely do they resemble their hosts in form and general
appearance. I think this is very doubtful: there are at any
rate certain inquilines, such as Claviger and Atemeles, which are
not at all likely to be aggressive: the question however of the
mimicry of the myrmecophilous beetles is too large to be
entered upon here. Among other instances the Mutillide are
imitated by certain Clytide and Cleride, and by the Carabid
genus Polyhirma: the Longicorn genus Echthistatus spinosus
(Australia) is like a spider, while Gerania (Java) imitates a
Phalangium.: if we may include the case of strong beetles
imitated by weak insects of other orders, we cannot find a
better example than the close imitation of species of Tricondyla
by a certain very rare Locustid originally described by
Westwood from Java, but recently rediscovered by Mr. Shelford
in Borneo.
Among the Homoptera various resemblances to ants are
found, especially in the genera Heteronotus, Cyphonia and
Poppxa, and their allies. All the numerous species of the
strange Longicorn genera Plagithmysus and Callithmysus
described by Dr. Sharp from Hawaii have a strongly Ortho-
pterous appearance, but this is due chiefly to the elongate legs,
which are angled at the junction of the femora and tibiz and
raised above the body as in the case of the grasshopper and
cricket, and the resemblance in these cases is probably
accidental. Many further instances of the general question of
the mimicry by beetles of well-protected insects other than
Coleoptera will occur to any one who gives any thought to the
subject: one further point however requires notice in this
connection, and that is the fact that certain insects with
evenly broad bodies are apparently “ waisted” like Hymenoptera
by the conspicuous white coloration of the sides: the first
instance of this was noticed by Brunner (vide “Cambridge
Natural History : Insects,” by Dr. Sharp, p. 323), who described
a small Locustid under the name of Myrmecophana fallax ; in
consequence of the white coloration of portions of the abdomen
the side view exactly resembled the form of an ant with a long
peduncle between the thorax and abdomen ; Mr. R. Shelford, in
aia
( litt )
a paper contributed to the British Association at Bradford in
1900, says that many Longicorn species in the same way
mimic Braconide: he describes the ettect in one species of
Oberea as being as perfect as if an artist had deliberately
painted the profile of a Hymenopterous abdomen on that of a
beetle.
Although the foregoing instances given under this heading
fall under what is understood as “ Batesian Mimicry,” the
term is by many applied more or less exclusively to the imita-
tion or mimicry of the distasteful butterflies belonging to the
family Heliconiide by certain species of Pieridee, Papilionide,
and Castniade, as noted by Mr. Bates in the Amazon region
and described by him in the celebrated paper which he read
before the Linnean Society * ; it is in this sense essentially the
imitation of a distasteful species by a tasteful but otherwise
unprotected insect belonging to the same order: as we shall
see, however, a great deal of what is thus called “ Batesian
Mimicry ” falls under Miillerian Mimicry, and it is often hard
to find definite and well-distinguished examples of the former.
The curious case of the Nymphaline genus Protogonius, which
is cryptic or protectively coloured on its under side (resem-
bling a leaf), while on its upper side it agrees closely in
coloration with the well-known Miillerian group of the
Ithomiine, Danainz, Acrzine, etc., is an undoubted example :
in Coleoptera we find an instance probably in certain
Brenthide which are mimicked by Longicorns: and the
mimicry of Lampyrids by certain Longicorns belonging to
the genera Dadoychus and Alampyris may also be quoted:
the latter imitate even the light coloration of the luminous
segments of the underside of their models: this raises a
question perhaps as to the protection of nocturnal insects :
we do not, however, know enough of the vision of insects, to
be able to say much on this point: as a rule the nocturnal
insects have the eyes coarsely facetted and are cryptic in
coloring, whereas the day-flyers, such as Clytus, Puchyta,
etc., have the eyes finely facetted and mimic other insects,
or are protected by falling into a Miillerian group; in cases
where the mimicry appears to be plainly Batesian the mimics
* «Prans. Linn.” Soc. Zool., vol. xxiii, p. 495-566.
( liv )
are very rare, and at any rate much more scarce than their
models*: where they are equally abundant, as in the
well-known case of the Galerucid genus Awlacophora and the
Longicorn genus Astathes, the mimicry is probably always
Miillerian.
10. The question of Miillerian mimicry is a very large
one, and in the brief space left at my disposal it is impossible
to say much about it: I hope that I may be able to deal
with the subject at greater length on a future occasion. In
the first place, what is meant by the term? What is Miillerian
mimicry ? is a question often asked by people who claim
to have and perhaps have a considerable knowledge of the
general subject ; and this is scarcely to be wondered at, for
it is very hard to exactly define the term; originally it was
applied to the case of certain distasteful t butterflies which
closely imitated one another and by this means halved the
injuries done to the total number by the experimental attacks
of birds or other enemies: by this means the numerically
smaller genus obtained a great advantage in the struggle for
existence and probably in some cases escaped extermina-
tion: soon, however, it was seen that the principle was capable
of wide extension, and it may now perhaps be defined as “a
general resemblance throughout a large series of distasteful
or specially protected species, belonging to the same or
different genera, families, and orders, in a simple scheme of
aposematic or warning coloration;” hence we get the term
‘‘Synaposematic or Common Warning Coloration.”
As it is necessary for the whole theory of Protective
Resemblance and Mimicry, etc., to prove that insects are
subject to the attack of birds and other enemies, so it is
necessary for the establishment of the Miillerian theory to
prove that these enemies, birds especially, do gain their know-
ledge by actual experience and not instinctively. I think
that this may be taken as conclusively proved by the researches
* This is the case with the Longicorns belonging to the genera
Aigoprepis and Ectatosia from Borneo which imitate the much commoner
Brenthid Diurus furcillatus.
+ The term “distasteful” is much to be preferred to ‘‘inedible”’ : it is
doubtful whether any insects are really inedible ; even the most distasteful
are apparently eaten under stress.
|
:
j
(ee)
of Mr. Belt, Mr. Frank Finn, Mr. Lloyd Morgan and others.
The latter writer in his recent work on ‘‘ Animal Behaviour ”
(p. 165), after saying that further observation is unquestion-
ably needed, a statement with which we must all agree,
continued as follows: ‘‘It is not improbable, however, that
common protective coloration, such as the banding of yellow
and black, seen in such different forms as the caterpillar of
the cinnabar moth and the imago of the wasp, is of mutual
utility. The following experiment was made with young
chicks, Strips of orange and black paper were pasted beneath
glass slips, and on them meal moistened with quinine was
placed. On other plain slips meal moistened with water was
provided. The young birds soon learnt to avoid the bitter
meal, and then would not touch plain meal if it were offered
on the banded slip. And these birds, save in two instances,
refused to touch cinnabar caterpillars, which were new to their
experience. They did not, like other birds, have to learn
by particular trials that these caterpillars are unpleasant.
Their experience had already been gained through the banded
glass slips; or so it seemed. I have also found that young
birds who had learned to avoid cinnabar caterpillars left
wasps untouched.” It seems to me that this evidence is very
fairly conclusive, coming as it does from a writer who is a
cautious and by no means enthusiastic supporter of the
Miillerian theory: many further discoveries, moreover, bear-
ing upon the general question, have been made since he wrote
the account of the experiment above quoted; these are in
great measure due to Professor Poulton, who has encouraged
collectors in different parts of the world to send him examples
of various orders of insects taken in one locality at the same
season of year, or, if possible, on the same day: the general
resemblance of colour between these has in many instances
been found to be most striking. I may perhaps be allowed
to quote the details of one series sent by Mr. Marshall from
Salisbury, Mashonaland: the prevailing colour of all is yellow
or fulvous-yellow and black : even when arranged in a cabinet
it is evident that the greater number might easily be mistaken
for one another in life in their natural environment. The
following are the orders, etc., represented :—
i Ive)
CoLEoPTERA. Lycide. Lycus dentipes, trabeatus, cuspidatus
and four other species: Telephoride, two species. Melyride.
Prionocerus dimidiatus: Phytophaga. Dziacantha contfera,
Peploptera fulvitarsis ; Cantharide. Zonitis, one species. Lletica
cordinalis. Mylabris palliata: it may be noticed here that
the very large and widely-spread distasteful genus Mylabris
is in itself an excellent example of Miillerian mimicry:
Cerambycide, Amphidesmus analis, Blepisanis haroldi,
Philagathes letus.
HyMmEnopTerA. Aculeata. Several species of the following
genera: Pompilus, Cerceris, Rhynchium, Notogonia, Salvus.
Hemietera. LReduvius sertus, and others.
Lepipoptera. Arctiade. Dyphlebia elegans: Zygenide.
Neurosymploca ochreipennis.
DieTtERA. Xiphocerus, sp.
Nearly all these species occurred within one month in the
same locality: since they were sent to England, one or two
striking species of Non-Aculeate Hymenoptera, falling into
the same series, have been discovered.
A very large series of insects of all orders have been sent
to the Hope Museum, Oxford, by Mr. R. Shelford, Curator of
the. Sarawak Museum, Borneo, who has recorded several
very interesting cases of Miillerian mimicry in a paper
communicated by Professor Poulton to the British Association
at Bradford, which has before been referred to: while looking
over a large mass of the unseparated material the other day,
T came across two or three striking species of Blattidz, which
in coloration and to a certain extent in form fitted in well with
a Miillerian group consisting of Endomychide and Erotylide,
and a species of Hemiptera, belonging to the Pentatomide -
the general coloration of the group was black and white or
yellowish-white, the latter colour being arranged more or less
in spots: probably, if the district is further worked, it will
be found that many more species occur which will fit into the
group—for the coloration is a common one among Carabide,
Curculionide, Longicornia, etc.: in fact it is the general run
of similar coloration that appears to give so much weight to
the theory. If we set on one side the sombre-coloured and
evidently cryptic groups, we can almost count the schemes
4
© bem’ ~)
of colours on our fingers, as far as the Coleoptera are
concerned and the groups which associate themselves around
them: perhaps the commonest of all is the association of
yellow and black which we have before spoken of: it is plain
and unmistakable, and is possessed by a very large number
of the powerful and dangerous Aculeate Hymenoptera: and
therefore we should expect to find it imitated by a large
number of species, belonging to other orders, as indeed is the
case: one striking instance of a South African group has
been mentioned, but the same is true of other regions: the
Rev. H. 8. Gorham, who has worked out the Lampyride, etc.,
for the “ Biologia Centrali-Americana,” informs me that the
particular Mexican pattern for the Telephoride, Lampyride,
Lycide, Hispide, and some Longicorns is black with the
shoulder and a lateral stripe yellow.
Occasionally most of the members of a genus may be
coloured as mimics, while one species may strike out a
conspicuous scheme of warning coloration for itself; this is
the case with the Longicorn Hurycephalus cardinalis, which
is coloured in three broad transverse bands of red, white and
black; another species of the same genus imitates Lycide : this
instance from Sandakan, Borneo, has been noticed by Professor
Poulton, and is worthy of further consideration.
Under Miillerian mimicry fall those cases in which beetles
imitate insects of other orders, and are themselves in turn
imitated by beetles belonging to other families: the Cleridz,
for instance, resemble MMwutillidx, and also large Ants, and
they are themselves in turn mimicked by species of
Longicornia.
The two groups of Coleoptera in which mimicking species
are most often found are the Longicornia and the Heteromera,
and next to these come the Curculionide ; the Heteromera
appear to be one of the most abnormal groups in the Animal
Kingdom : they have a peculiar facies of their own, which is
hard to define, but sufficient, as a rule, to at once distinguish
them ; and they imitate, to a greater or less extent, almost all
the other Coleopterous families: they are not, however, given
to imitate other orders of insects: the Longicornia largely
imitate bees and wasps, but with the exception of the
PROG. ENT. SOC. LOND., V. 1901. EF
( lviii_ )
Anthicide (Anthicus, Yormicomus, etc.), which resemble ants,
scarcely any instance of the mimicry of other orders is found
among the Heteromera.
If we endeavour to give any explanation of Miillerian
mimicry, we are of course met by many objections. How did
it arise? Is there enough ground to work upon? Are there
any factors besides Natural Selection, and if so what are they?
We cannot, of course, in the present state of our knowledge,
give answers that will satisfy persistent objectors, but those
who have at all studied the subject do not see any particular
difficulty in recognising that in the keen struggle for existence
Natural Selection and Variation may in time weed down two
or more distasteful species until they resemble each other in
minute particulars. Muimicry is a progressive and continuous
process : it is playing a large part in the history of nature in
the present, as it has done in the past and will continue to do
in the future. In a letter which I received a short time ago
from Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, after saying that the toll of
each insect exacted by insect-eaters 1s reduced exactly in pro-
portion as more and more species so nearly resemble each other
as to be apparently almost identical, he writes as follows :—
“Hence if any simple pattern of warning colour is acquired by
one protected species, there is a tendency for many other
species, both protected and non-protected, to acquire similar
colours and patterns (by variation and selection). Also
protective markings may be acquired in the same way, and
some very conspicuous markings, when the insect is in
motion, become highly protective when it is at rest in its
natural surroundings.” The latter remark is very important: —
we are too apt to forget the necessity of taking environment
into consideration.
Dr. Wallace is further of opinion that the beginnings of
such peculiar markings are often due to the need for re
cognition on “the first differentiation of species, and does nob
doubt but that this acts with beetles as it certainly does with —
higher animals”: such may be the case, but it hardly seems —
probable. , .
There are several points which I am afraid have been only
meagrely dealt with, and several others which I should like to
(oie)
have touched upon, but I have already detained you too long :
in any case, however, I hope that I may have added something
to the evidence on the genera] subject, and that at any rate
I may in aslight degree have helped to prove that the ever-
increasing mass of known facts cannot be all due to accidental
circumstances: we may sometimes, in the enthusiasm of new
discoveries, see too much, prove too much, theorise too much,
but, when all allowance has been made, there is always a solid
residuum left, and we feel that we are resting on an ever-
increasing foundation of incontrovertible fact.
mus.
WALSINGHAM.
L oe
( tp -}
TN. Bex
Notr.—Where the name only of the Genus or Species is mentioned, the
description will be found on the page referred to.
The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the ‘Transactions’ ; the Roman
numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings,
New Genera and Species, and those which have been redescribed, will be
found in detail, but in faunistic papers the contents are arranged
generically under the headings of those papers.
The President’s Address is not separately indexed.
Page Page
GENERAL SUBJECTS... ............ [xi FRY MENOPR TERA 6 2Jcc.ceccenetes os Ixvi
MOURA. ccc scecdedesereece 1X1 EBIDOP TERA ¢csuiessasiccasese cae Ixvi
ME, Svicaicesasecccnsice . XV INBUROPPHRA, suis cadeecsuheivianes ok XN
UREA, on csisieoe ve duvvsesescse Ixv ORTHOP TERA siscans ear eatinesag Ixxii
——_—_—_
GENERAL SUBJECTS.
ADDRESS TO THE KING, 1.
ADDRESS TO THE KING, REPLY TO THR, Viil.
ANNUAL MEETING, xxviii.
Antherxa mylitta cocoon and flint, remarkable resemblance of, x.
Apparatus to test strength of formic acid, exhibited, x, xiii.
Colias edusa and C. hyale, breeding of, xxvi.
Committee to consider uniform nomenclature for County Histories, v, x.
Cyclosa conica, spider, exhibited, viii.
Dicranura vinula, discharge of, discussed, xiii.
Ephedra, food plant of Albarracina korbi, xxiv.
Formic acid, effects of, xiii.
Geometridx, Spanish, exhibited, xxv.
Gynandromorphism in Amphidasys betularia, discussed, xv,
Immigration of Papilio machaon, note on the, xvi.
Lebanon, butterflies of the, exhibited, iii.
London parks, butterfly fauna of, vii.
Parnassius apollo, and P. delius, differentiated, xix.
Photographs exhibited of larva in case, and imago of an Oxyethira, exhibited,
XXY.
( Ixii )
Presidential Address, xxxiii.
Sierra Albarracin, butterflies taken in the, exhibited, xxii.
Temperature effects of, on Orgyia antiqua, xv.
Trinidad, collection of butterflies from, exhibited, xix.
COLEOPTERA.
Agrilus sinuatus, A. viridis, exhibited, xiv.
Anthavia nitidula, exhibited, xiv.
Astathes, Newm., and allied genera of iioctetboeks Coleoptera, a revision of
(C. J. Gehan), 37. The following genera and species are referred to and
described :—Anastathes, gen. nov., 60.—Anastathes biplagiata, 61.—A
nigricornis, sp. n,, 61.—Astathes, gen., 38.—Astathes bella, sp. n., 40.—A.
bigemmata, 40.—A. bimaculata, 42.—A. bipartita, 57.—A. caloptera, 54.—
A. cincta, 58.—A. contentiosa, 59.— A. cyanoptera, 44.—A. dimidiata, 41.—
A. episcopalis, 44.—A. fasciata, 58.—A. flaviventris, 60.—A. fulgida, 47.—
A. gemmula, 50.—A. gibbicollis, 41.—A. ignorantina, 55.—A. tnstabilis,
sp. n., 51.—A. japonica, 51.—A. janthinipennis, -43.—A. levis, 49.—
A. lemoides, 46.—A. montana, 52.—A. mniszechi, 39.—A. nitens, 53.—
A. partita, sp. n., 59.—A. perplexa, 39.—A. perversa, 45.—A. plagiata,
sp. n., 50.—A. posticalis, 55.—A. posticata, sp. n., 40.—A. purpurea, 56.
A. rufescens, 58.—A. splendida, 45.—A. straminea, 57.—A. terminata, 48.
—A. unicolor, 47.—A. velata, 52.—A. violaceipennis, 43.—Chreonoma,
gen., 63.—C. basalis, 67.—C. comata, sp. n., 67.—C. dapsilis, 64.
—C. dilecta, 65.— C. discoidalis, 65. — C. frontalis, 67. — C. fortune?,
68.—C. nigriventris, 66.—C. pallida, 64.—C. pallidiventris, 66.—C.
punctata, 67.—C. puncticollis, 64.—C. testacea, 67.—C. weise?, 68.—
Cleonaria, gen., 62.—C. bicolor, 62.—C. cingalensis, 63.—Lasiophrys, gen.
nov., 71.—L. latifrons, sp. n., 72.—Momisis, gen., 72.—M. melanura, sp.
n., 73.—Plaxvomicrus, gen., 69.—P. ellipticus, 69.—P. latus, sp. n., 70.—
P. oberthuri, sp. n,, 71.—P. ventralis, sp. n., 70.
Attelabus curculionoides, exhibited, xvi.
Bembidium schuppeli, exhibited, vi.
Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr,, sexual dimorphism in a species occurring in
Spain, and new to the European list (G. C. Champion), 379.
Buprestis sanguinea, exhibited, xiv.
Cantharidz, alluded to, xiii.
Cetoniidx, list of the, collected by Messrs. H. HE, Andrewes and J. R. D.
Bell, in the Bombay Presidency of India, with descriptions of the new
species (O. E. Janson), 179. The following new species are descriked :—
Clinteria belli, 180.—Cenochilus pygidialis, 185.—Glycyphana andrewest,
182.
Cleridx, alluded to, xiii.
Coleoptera, two new genera of, from Rio Janeiro, exhibited, xii.
Colydium elongatum, exhibited, xiv.
Cupeside, alluded to, xiii.
Glyphoderes sterquilinus, exhibited, xiii.
Halticidx, unknown specimen of genus, exhibited, iii.
Heliocopris gigas, exhibited, ix.
Hister marginatus, exhibited, xiv.
( Ixiii)
Hyliota, the genus, of the Coleopterous family Cucujide, with descriptions
of new forms and a list of the described species (G. J. Arrow), 593.
The following new species are described:—Ayliota bicolor, 597.—H.
brevicollis, 601—H. gracilicornis, 598.—H. indica, 599.—H. siamensis,
599.—H. pallida, 600.
Lamiadex, alluded to, xiii.
Medon castaneus, exhibited, xiv.
Odontxus mobilicornis, exhibited, xi.
Orina, observations on some species of (G.C. Champion and T, A. Chapman),
-1.—The following species are alluded to:—Orina alpestris, 5, and var.
polymorpha, 3, intricata, 4, 5.—O. cacalie, larva, 18.—O. gloriosa, 2, 17,
larva, 11.—O. speciosa, differentiated, 5.—O. speciosissima, 4.—O. superba,
5.—O. tristis, var. smaragdina, larva, ete., 15.—O. vittigera, larva, etc.,
15.—O. plagiata, 4.—Larve of O. tristis, O. cacaliw, O. gloriosa, and
O. vittigera, differentiated, 16, 17.
Pathocerus Wagneri, exhibited, xiii.
Pheropsophus—The Carabid genus: notes and descriptions of new species
(G. J. Arrow), 193.—Pheropsophus abbreviatus, 195.—P. arabicus, 201.—
P. congoensis, 200.—P. curtus, 204.—P. dimidiatus, 194.—P. exiquus,
196.—P. gracilis, 197.--—P. heathi, 205.—P. livingstont, 197.—P. nigri-
collis, 203.—P. marginatus (distinguished), 199.—P. nyasx#, 198.—P.
perrot?, 206.—P. pallidepunctatus, 196.—P. recticollis, 200.—P. tristts,
201.
Phytophagous Coleoptera, a further contribution to our knowledge of African
(Martin Jacoby), 209. The following genera and species are referred to
and described: — Achanops mandibularis, sp. n., 240.— Atheomorpha
epistomata, sp. n., 226.—Anomomera, 2538.—Barybena humeralis, sp. n.,
227.—B. lurida, 228.-—Camptolenes brevitarsis, sp. n., 228.—Chetriphyle,
gen, nov., 241.—C. metallica, sp. n., 241.—Chrysomela salisburiensis sp.
n., 255.—C. transvalense, sp. n., 253.—Clythra lacordaire?, sp. n., 216.—
Colasposoma curvipes, sp. u., 251.—Corynodes auripes, sp. n., 262.—C.
varicolor, sp. n., 252.—Criocerts transvalensis, sp. n., 213.—Cryptocephalus
barkert, sp. n., 235.—C. benuensis, sp. n., 239.—C. lividus, sp. n., 236.—
C. malvernensis, sp. n., 237.—C. mashonanus, sp. n., 234.—C. variopla-
giatus, sp. n., 237.—-C. pretoriensis, sp. n., 238.—Diapromorpha bomaensis,
sp. n., 219.—D. terminata, sp. n., 220.—D. tigrina, sp. n., 220.—
Gynandrophthalma bicolor, 233.—G. capensis, sp. n., 232.—G, malvernensis
sp. n., 233.—G. picturata, sp. n., 231.—G. triplogiata, sp. n., 231.—
Gyriodera sublevicollis, sp. n., 230.— Himerida clavareaut, sp. n., 242.—
Lefevrea senistriata, sp. n., 245.—L. thoracica, sp. n., 246.— Lema
ashantiensis, sp. n., 210.—L. bifoveata, sp. n., 212.—L. impressicollis, sp.
n., 211.—L. pubifrons, 210.—L. pulchella, 212.—L. sanguinipennis, sp.
n., 209.—Leucastea dahomeyensis, sp. n., 215.—Macetes ornatipennis, sp.
n., 243.—M. variegatus, sp. n., 242.—Mashonania, gen. n., M. brunnea,
sp. n., 247.—IM. nigrita, sp. n., 248.—Miopristis hirta, sp. n., 218.—M.
melanocephalus, sp. n., 218.—M. varipes, sp.n.,217.—Nerissus bicoloratus,
sp. n., 245.—V. tuberculatus, sp. n., 244.—Peploptera barkeri, sp. n.,
223. — P. curvilinea, sp. n., 222.— P. fulvitarsis, 221.— P. humeralis,
— -221.—P, irregularis, sp. n., 224.—P. marshalli, sp. n., 225.—Poecilo-
morpha bicolor, sp.n., 214.—P. fasciaticollis, sp. n., 215.—P. fulvicornis,
C ‘Txay-)
sp. n., 213.—Polysticta confluens, sp. n., 254.—Pseudomalegia tibialis, sp.
n., 246.—Rhembastus inermis, sp. n., 249.—R. mashonanus, sp. n., 250.—
R. semibrunneus, sp. n., 249.—Titubea lefévret, sp. n., 229.
Platydema violaceum, exhibited, xiv.
Prionide, alluded to, xiii.
Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc., cases of, in the British Coleoptera
(H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe), 345; including the following genera and
species :—Anthribide: Anthribus albinus, 372.—Anthicide: Anthicus
bimaculatus, Notoxus monoceros, 371.—Bruchide: Bruchus ater, 366.—
Buprestide : Anthaxia nitidula, 360.—Byrrhide : Byrrhus pilula, 357,—
Carabide : Aépus marinus, A. robinit, 348.— A mara fulva, 348.—Brachinus
erepitans, 349.—Bembidium paludosum, 348.—Broscus cephalotes, 347.—
Carabus, 346.—Chlenius vestitus, 348.—Clivina, 347.—Demetrias uni-
punctatus, 349.—Dyschirius, 347.—Drypta dentata, 349.—Elaphrus, 347.
—Lebia chlorocephala, L. cyanocephala, 349.—Nebria complanata, 347.— |
Panagexus crux-major, P. quadripustulatus, 348.—Tachypus flavipes, T. .
pallipes, 348.—Cerambycide : Aromia moschata, 363.—Acanthocinus xdilis,
365.—A noplodera sexguttata, 364.—Callidium alni, C. arietis, C. mysticus, |
C. variabile, 363.—Gramnmoptera preusta, 365.— Hylotrupes bajulus, 363.—
Letopus nebulosus, 365.— Mesosa nubila, 365.— Molorchus minor, M.
umbellatarum, 364,—Oberea oculata, 366.—Pachyta collaris, 364.—P.
cerambyciformis, 364.— Pogonocherus, 365.— Rhagium bifasciatum, R.
indagator, R. inquisitor, 364.—Saperda carcharias, S. populnea, §. scalaris,
366.—Strangalia aurulenta, 8. quadrifasciata, 364.—Tetrops preusta, 366.
—Toxotus meridianus, 364.—Chrysomelide: Cassida, C. murrea, 369.—
Clythra quadripunctata, 367.—Cupidodera ferruginea, C. transversa, 368.—
Melasoma populi, 367.—Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata, 368.—Phytodecta,
368. — Timarcha, 367. — Cleride: Corynetes and Necrobia, 362. —
Tarsostenus univittatus, Thanasimus formicarius, Tillus elongatus, T.
unifasctatus, 362.—Coccinellidx, 354.—Colydiide : Cicones variegatus, 356.
—Curculionide : Acalles, 374.—A poderus coryli, Attelabus curculionotdes,
372.—Ceuthorrhynchus, C. urtice, and Ceuthorrhynchidius, 315.—Cionus
blattarie, C. scrophulariv, 374 —Cleonus sulcirostris, 373. — Celiodes
didymus, 375.—Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, 374.—Grypidius equiseti, 374.—
Hylobius abietis, 313.—Hypera fasciculata, 373.—Limobius mixtus, 373.—
Otiorrhynchus fuscipes, 372. — Philopedon geminatus, 372. — Plinthus
caliginosus, 373.—Polydrusus tereticollis, P. confluens, 372.—Rhinoncus,
315.—Dermestide: Dermestes lardarius, D. murinus, 357.—Dytiscide :
Acilius, 350.—Agabus conspersus, A. nebulosus, 350.—Dytiscus, 350.—
Laccophilus, 350.—Elateride: Elater, 360.—Campylus linearis, 360.—
Corymbites holosericeus, 360.—C. tessellatus, 360.—Lacon murinus, 360.
—Endomychide: Alexia pilifera, 355.—Endomychus coccineus, 355.—
Erotylide ; Cyrtotriplax bipustulata, 355.—Triplax enea, 355.—T, russica,
355.—Georysside : Georyssus pygmaeus, 357.— Heteroceridx : Heterocerus,
358.—Histertde: Hister bimaculatus, 354.—H. purpurascens, 354.—H
quadrimaculatus, 354.—Hydrophilidx : Cercyon, 350.— Helophorus, 350.—
Spheridium bipustulatum, 350.—S. scarabewoides, 350.—Lymexylonide :
Lymexylon navale, 362.—Malacodermide: Eros aurora, 360.—Lampyris
noctiluca, 361, — Platycis minutus, 360. — Pyropterus affinis, 360. —
Melandryide: Osphya bipunctata, 370.—Tetratoma fungorum, 370.—
:
. 7 ee *)
Meloide ; Lytta vesicatoria, 371.—Meloé, 371.—Sitaris muralis, 371.—
Monotomide: Monotoma formicetorum, 356.—M. conicicollis, 356.—
Mycetophagide: Mycetophagus quadripustulatus, 357.— Nitidulide :
Amphotis marginata, 355.—Soronia punctatissima, 355.—S. grisea, 355.—
CEdemeride : Nacerdes melanura, 370,—Cidemera lurida, 370.—. nobilis,
370.—Oncomera femorata, 370,—Ptinide : Gibbium scotias, 362.—Mezium
affine, 362.—Miptus crenatus, 362.—N. hololeucus, 362.—Pyrochrotde :
Pyrochroa, 370.—Rhipidophoride: Metecus paradorus, 371.—Scaphi-
diide ; Scaphidium quadrimaculatum, 354. — Scarabeide: Anomala
frischtt, 359.—Aphodius, 358.—Cetonia aurata, 359.—Geotrupes, 358.—
Gnorimus nobilis, 359.—G. variabilis, 359,—Homaloplia ruricola, 358.—
Hoplia philanthus, 358.—Melolontha hippocostani, 359.—M. vulgaris, 359.
—Onthophagus, 358.—Rhizotrogus solstitialis, 358.—Serica brunnea, 358.—
Trichius abdominalis, 359.—T. fasciatus, 359.—Silphide : Silpha quadri-
punctata, 353. — Necrophorus, 353. — Staphylinide; Atemeles, 351. —-
Myrmedonia collaris, 351.—M. funesta, 351.—Telephoridx : Dolichosoma
lineare, 362. — Malachius sneus, 361. — Psilothrix nobilis, 362. —
Tenebrionide: Helops pallidus, 369.—Opatrum sabulosum, 369.—Phaleria
cadaverina, 369.—Platydema violaceum, 369.—Scaphidema metallicum, 369.
—Throscide : Throscus, 360.—Trogositidx : Thymalus limbatus, 356.
Psylliodes cyanoptera, variety, exhibited, iv.
Silpha biguttata, exhibited, ix.
Tetraphalerus wagner, xiii.
Trachyphleus myrmecophilus, specimen retaining deciduous mandibles, ex-
hibited, xviii.
Velletus dilatatus, exhibited, xiv.
DIPTERA.
Pericoma auriculata, exhibited, xxviii.
Pericoma cognata, referred to, xxviii.
Pericoma fusca, exhibited, xxviii.
Pericoma mutua, exhibited, xxviii.
Pericoma notabilis, exhibited, xxvii.
Pevicoma nubila, exhibited, xxviii.
Pericoma palustris, exhibited, xxviii.
Pericoma soleata, referred to, xxvii.
Pericoma trivialis, exhibited, xxviii.
Psychodide of morphological interest, exhibited, xxvii.
Ulomyia fuliginosa, exhibited, xxviii.
HEMIPTERA.
Henicocephalus, specimens of genus from New Zealand, exhibited, xi.
Heteroptera (Rhynchota), enumeration of the, collected by Signor Leonardo
Fea in Burma and its vicinity. Part I. Pentatomide (W. L. Distant),
99. The following subfamilies are referred to :-—Acanthosoming, 105.—
Asopin#, 103.-—Dinidoringw, 104.—Cydnine, 100.—Graphosomine, 100.
Pentatominw, 101.—Phyllocephalinw, 104.—Scutellerine, 99, and the
following new genera and species are described:—Asyla few, 107.—
Byrsodepsus nigritus, 112.—Carbula producta, 110.—Cydnopeltus tneisus,
105.—C. minutus, 105.—Dalsira scabrata, 113.—Eusthenes rubefactus,
( Ixvi_ )
111.—Eysarcoris rosaceus, 109.—Gonopsis lunata, 1138.—Heurnius, gen.,
105.—H. erebus, 106.—H. typicus, 106.—Laprius antennatus, 108.—
Odius obscurus, 108.—Plexippus vittatus, 109.—Sennertus, gen., 110.—
S. typicus, 111.—-Surenus, gen., 106.— S. normalis, 107.— Urostylis
farinaria, 114.— Vitruvius, ia 111.—V. tnstgnis, 112.
Reduviide, referred to, xii.
Rhynchota, contributions to a knowledge of the (W. L. Distant), 581. The
following new genera and species. are described :—Awiagastus mitescens,
586. — Brachycoris thoracicus, 586. — Catacanthus mirabilis, 585. —
Chrysocoris tndigoferus, 582.—Cicada sylvara, 591.—Coptosoma vregnum,
581.—Dindymus famosus, 589.—D. obesus, 589.—Dysdercus caribbeus,
590. — D. maurus, 590. — Fromundus, gen., 582. — F. opacus, 583. —
Hyparete vitiensis, 585.—Largus geniculatus, 588.—L. wmbrosus, 587.—
Pecilopsaltria hova, 591.—Pretextatus, gen., 583.—P. typicus, 584.—
Pygoplatys shelfordi, 587.—Scantius obscurus, 589.—Sehirus orientalis,
583.—Stictaulax flammeolus, 588.—Valescus, gen.,584.— IV”. nigricans, 585.
Riperisa tomlin?, exhibited, ix.
HYMENOPTERA.
Allantus arcuatus, monstrosity of, exhibited, xvii.
Braconid, parasitic, exhibited, iv.
Formica rufa, discharges from, nests of, discussed, xiii.
Gorytes quinquecinctus, monstrosity of, exhibited, xvii.
Hedychrum rutilans, exhibited, xvii.
Hymenoptera aculeata, collected in Algeria by the Rev. Alfred Edwin Eaton,
M.A., F.E.S., and the Rev. Francis David Morice, M.A., F.E.S. Part I.
Heterogyna and Fossores to the end of Pompilide (E. Saunders), 515.
- The following new species are described :—Myzine fasciculata, Saund.,533.
—M. lacteipennis, 584.—M. leta, 532.—Pompilus cinerascens, 545.—
P. coccinetpes, 548. — P. dubitabilis, 551. — P. excisilabris, 553.— P.
fertoni, 552.—P. frieset, 548.—P. hirtipennis, 541.—P. moricet, 555.—
P. niveus, 549.—P. orichalceus, 546.—P. picticrus, 548.—P. sexsptnosus,
550.—P. vachali, 544.—Salius eatoni, 557.—S. perezt, 559.—S. sanguini-
collis, 560.—Sapyga eatoni, 589.—Scolia morice’, 538.—S. propodealis,
536.
Ichneumonide, Supplementary Catalogue of British—paper read, v.
Osmia-species of the adunca-group, ‘illustrations of the 6th 4 ventral
segment in 17, with a note on the synonyony of four species, and
descriptions of four which seem new (F. D. Morice), viz. :—Osmia
flabellifera, 177.—O. libanensis, 177.—O. manicata, 176.—O. romana, 176.
Osmia leucomelana, exhibited, xviii.
Salius propinguus, exhibited, xvii.
Sphecophaga vesparum, exhibited, xxi.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Acronycta menyanthidis, black form, exhibited, vii.
Adopwra actwon and A. linea, alluded to, xxiii.
Albarracina korbi, alluded to, xxiv.
Amphidasys betularia, varieties, exhibited, and discussed, vii, xv,
( Ixvii_ )
Angerona prunaria, exhibited, xiv.
Antherea mylitta, mentioned, x.
Aplecta nebulosa, variety, exhibited, iii.
Argynnis paphia, and A. aglai, varieties, exhibited, xxv.
Augiades sylvanus, alluded to, xxiii.
Braura ligniclusa, exhibited, xii.
Bryophila muralis (qlandifera), series exhibited, iv.
Carterocephalus palwmon, variety, exhibited, ii.
Charagia cyanochlora, C. mirabilis and C. ramsayi, exhibited, xii.
Chilena prompta, exhibited, xii.
Cherocampa elpenor, varieties, exhibited, xvii.
Coleophora laricella, exhibited, vi.
Colias edusa, var. helice, exhibited, ii, and discussed, xxvi.
Colias hyale, varieties, exhibited, xviii, xvi. Life history of, xxvi.
Cryptohasa flavolineata, and C. hemipsila, exhibited, xii.
Deiopeia pulchella, exhibited, ix.
Dianthecia luteago, var. barrettit, exhibited, ix.
Dicranura vinula, discharge of acid of, discussed, xiii.
Doddiana xyloryctis, exhibited, xii.
Dudgeona actinias, exhibited, xii.
Dulichia fasciata, exhibited, xii.
Endagria ulula, mentioned, xxiv.
Endrose, exhibited, and discussed, including LE. roscida, E. trrorella, FE.
aurita, E. kuhlweni, var. alpestris, ii.
Erebia zapateri, exhibited, and discussed, xxiv.
Erycinidey, in Trinidad, xix.
Euchelia jacobex, larval markings of, alluded to, xxiv.
Eupithecia exiguata, E. larviciata, E. satyrata, ‘EF. virgaureata, varieties,
exhibited, ix.
Eutricha pithyocampa, exhibited, xii.
Fidonia atomaria, variety, exhibited, iii.
Graellsia isabelle, discussed, xxiv.
Heliconius telchinia, exhibited, xix.
Hesperia keitloa, exhibited, xii.
Hydrilla palustris, exhibited, vi.
Lasiocampid, an apterous, exhibited, ix.
Lebanon, butterflies of the (Mrs. M. de la B. Nicholl), with a preface and
notes by H. J. Elwes. The following species are referred to:—Aporia
crategi, 82.—Argynnis lathonia, 85.—A. pandora, 85.—A. niobe, var.
eris, 85.—Cigaritis acamas, 90.—Chrysophanus asabinus, 90,—C. dorilis,
90.—C. phleas, 90.—C. ochimus, 90.—C. thersamon, 90.—C. thetis, 90.—
Cenonympha pamphilus, 88.—Colias edusa, and var. helice, 82.—Doritis
apolloninus, 80.—Danais chrysippus, 86.—Epinephele jurtina, var. telmessia,
87.—E. lycaon, 87.—Euchloe belia, 83.—E. belemia, 83.—E. cardamznes,
84.—E. charlonia, 83.—E. damone, 83.—E. gruneri, 84.—Evrynnis comma,
96.—Gonepteryx cleopatra, var, taurica, 81.—G. rhamni, var. farinosa,
81.—Hesperia actwon, 91.—H. lineola, 97.—H. nostrodamus, 97.—H.
thaumas, 97.—Lampides betica, 91.—L. galba, 91.—L. gamra, 91.—L.
theophrastus, 92.—L. trochylus, 91.—Leptidia duponcheli, 84.—L. sinapis,
84.—Limenitis camilla, 84.—Lycena admetus, and var. ripertiz, 94.—L.
(- Tew +)
amanda, 93.—L. anteros, var. crassipuncta, 92.—L. argiolus, 95,—L.
argus, and var. bella, 92,—L. astrarche, 92.—L. bellargus, and var. polonus,
93.—L. candalus, 93.—L. cyllarus, var. eruginosa, 95.—L. eurypilus, 96.
—L. wearus, 95.—L. isaurica, 92.—L. loewit, 92.—L. meleager, 94.—L.
panagea, 92.—L, poseidon, 93.—L. semiargus, var. bellis, and antiochena,
94.—Z. zephyrus, var. 95.—Melanargia larissa, 86.—M. titea,. 86.—
Melitzwa cinxia, 85.—M. didyma, 85.—M. phebe, 85.—M. trivia, 85.—
Misoniades marloyi, 97,—Papilio machaon, 80.—P. podalirius, 80.—
Pararge egeria, 88.—P. megxra, 88.—P, mera, var. 88.—P. roxelana, 88.
—Parnara mathias, 96.—Parnassius apollo, 80.—P. mnemosyne, 80.—
Pieris brassice, 82.—P. callidice, 82.—P. daplidice, 83.—P. ergane, 83.
—P. nap, 83.—P. rape, 82.—Polygonia egea, 85.— Pyrameis atalanta, 84.
—P. cardui, 84.—Satyrus actwa, var. hadjina, 87.—S. anthe, 86.—S.
hermione, 86.—S. pelopea, 87.—S. semele, var. mersina, 87.—S. telephassa,
86.—Spilothyrus alcew, 97.—S. althexw, 96.—Syrichthus alveus, 97.—S.
melotis, 97.—S. nomas, 97.—S. orbifer, 91.—S. pogget, 97.—S, serratule,
97.—Thais cerisyi, 81.—Thecla acaciev, var. abdominalis, 89.—T. ilicis,
89.—T. myrtale, 89.—T. rubi, 89.—T. spini, 88.—V. urtice, var. turcica,
84.—V. polychlovos, 84.—Yphthima asterope, 87.
Lenodora montana, exhibited, xii.
Lepidoptera, a classification of a new family of the (Sir G. F. Hampson),
187. The following family, genera, and new species are referred to and
described :—Sabaliade, fam. nov., 187.—ZLemonia, gen., 187.—Sabalia,
gen., 189.—Spiramiopsis, gen. nov., 191.—Sabalia fulvicincta, sp. n., 190.
Spiramiopsis comma, sp. n., 191.
Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad, a preliminary catalogue of the (W. J.
Kaye), 115. The following new genera and species are referred to and
described :—Acantholipes incisura, 127.—Aedia trinidadensis, 123.—
Anceryx scyron, 138.—Apatelodes basifulva, 142.—Avima: Arima isolata,
149.— Barydia bicristata, 125.—Catamelas fusca-purpurea, 127.—Celiptera
fuscilineata, 127.—Cosmosoma melathoracia, 115.—C. rubriscapule, 116.—
Dichorda uricha,147.—Drobeda subrufescens, 123.—Dysgonia purpurata,126.
—Eucereon hyalinum, 119.—Gazena hypomelas, 146.—Herminodes xanthi-
pterygia, 126.—Heterephyra subrubra, 148.—Homopyralis parviquadrata,
131.—Hydrillodes totafusca, 1383.—Juncaria unicolorata, 122.—Megatomis
cyanolepia, 1382.—Neurophyseta calla, 153.—Nystalea calophastoides, 137.
—CHnospila tenwilinea, 147.—Cinothalia perrubra, 148.—Orsa multusta,
130.—O. perusta, 129.—O. tenuata, 1380.—Pachyzancla distincta, 156.—
Paramimetica fuscireticulata, 185.—Parvapenna: Parvapenna sentalis,
129.—Patalene acuta, 145.—Perophora magnapuncta, 157.—Phrygionis
quadrilinea, 123.—Physula novitata, 1385.—Pilocrocis plumbilinea, 154.—
Pyralis nigrapuncta, 152.—Racheospila undulosa, 148.—Sandasa micra-
stigma, 1385.—Sisyrosea albimarginata, 158.—Sylepta flavipennis, 155.—
Tarchon cuprea, 142.—Tortricodes leucorabdota, 1384.—Xylis bidens, 124.—
Zanclognatha bipunctata, 138. .
Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. Part V. (John
Henry Leech, B.A., F.Z.S.), 385. The following genera are referred to and
new species described :—Achroia, 387.—Aulacodes laminalis, sp. n., 487.
—Acropentias, 400.—Aglossa, 421.—Agrotera, 451.—Ancylolomia, 399,— —
Anerastia, 404.—Antigastra, 487.—Archernis, 477.—Arnatula, 413,—
( thee =”)
Aulacodes, 436.— Bocchoris, 454.—Bostra, 431.— Botyodes, 463.—Bradina,
439.—B. rectilinealis, sp. n., 440.—B. nigripunctalis, sp. n., 440.—Calamo-
chrous, 488.—Camptomastya, 443.—Cataclysta, 434.— Cataprosopus, 419.—
Cathayia, 386.—Ceroprepes, 413.—Charema, 457.—Chilo, 397.—Cirrho-
christa, 403.—Clupeosoma, 444.—Cnaphalocrocis, 452.—Cotachena, 421.—
Crambus, 388.—C. aridellus, sp. u., 389.—C. bipartellus, sp. n.. 393.—
C. brevilinellus, sp. u., 394.—C. columbinellus, sp. u., 390.—C. fractellus,
sp. n., 390.—C. fultginosellus, sp. n., 395.—C. nigriscriptellus, sp. n., 392.
—C. picturatellus, sp. n., 393.—Crocidophora, 479.—C. butleri, sp. n., 480.
—C, (?) gensanalis, 481.—C. obscuralis, sp. u., 481.—Culladia, 388.—
Diasemia, 487.—Diathrausta, 441.—Diathraustodes, 442.—D. fulvofusa,
sp. n., 442.— Diatrxa, 397.—Dichocrosis, 456.—E lasmopalpus,411.—Emma-
locera, 405.—E. gensanalis, sp. n., 405.—Endotricha, 417.—E. affinalis,
sp. n., 418.—Enosima, 404.—Entephria, 446.—E. chinensis, sp. n., 446.—
Epicrosis, 409.—Ephestia, 406.—Evomene, 396.—Eschata, 398.—Etiella,
413.—Euclasta, 475.—Eurrhypara, 444.—Eurrhyparodes, 449.—E. leechi,
sp. n., 450.—Euzophera, 407.—Evergestis, 478.—Galleria, 386.—Glyphodes,
471. —Gontorhynchus, 462.—Heliothela, 513.—Hellula, 476.—Hemiscopis,
488.—Hendecasis, 420.—Herculia, 426.—H. bilinealis, sp. u., 427.—
Heterocnephes, 450.— Homeosoma, 406. —Hyphantidium, 406.—Hypsopygia,
422,—Hypsotropha, 404.—Ischnurges, 479.—Lamacha, 428.—Lamoria, 387.
Laodamia, 410.—Leechia, gen. nov., 400.—L. bilinealis, sp. n., 400.—L.
stnuosalis, sp. n., 400.—Lepyrodes, 476.—Leucinodes, 476.—Locastra, 415.
—Lophopalpia, 428.—Luma, 441.—Lygropia, 470.—Mabra, 445.—Macalla,
414, —Marasmia, 453.— Maruca, 482.—Mecyna, 488.—Melissoblaptes, 385.
—Melitene, 411.—Wesolia, 398.—Metasia, 489.—M. morbidalis, sp. n.,
490.—M., paganalis, sp. n., 489.—M. vicanalis, sp. n., 489.—Musotima,
— 435.—M. nulilalis, 485.—Myelois, 409.—Nacolera, 458.—N. immundalis,
sp. n., 460.—V. maculalis, sp. n., 462.—V. ochrimaculalis, sp. n., 460.—
NV. satsumalis, sp. n., 461.—Nephopteryx, 407.—Nomophila, 4838.—oso-
phora, 455.—Nyctegretis, 405.—Nymphula, 432.—N. incurvalis, sp. n.,
434,—Oligostigma, 436.—Omphalocera, 428.—O. hirta, sp. n., 428.—
Omphisa, 478.—Orthaga, 416.—O. basalis, sp. n., 417.—Orybina, 431.—
Osakia, 403.—Pachyzancla, 483.—Pagyda, 451.—Paracme, 424.—Parata-
lanta, 497.—Paralipsa, 386.—Parbattia, 482.—Parthenodes, 437.—P.
pallidalis, sp. n., 439.—P. triangulalis, sp. u., 438.—Phlyctanodes, 484.
—P. confusalis, sp. n., 486.—Phycita, 410.—Phycitopsis, 410.—Piletocera,
442.— Pionea, 490.—P.. mendicalis, sp. n., 494.—P. pallidalis, sp. n., 490.
—Platytes, 395.—P. sinuosellus, sp. n., 395.—P, planalis, sp. u., 492.—
P, pseudocrocealis, sp. n., 492.—P. punctiferalis, sp. n., 494.—P. puralis,
sp. n., 493.—Polythlipta, 475.—Prionopteryx, 399.—P. marmorellus, 399.
—Propachys, 431.—Psammotts, 444.—Pyralis, 422.—P. moupinalis, sp. n.,
423,—Pyrausta, 497.—P. delicatalis, sp. n., 499.—P. conttgualis, sp. n.,
506.—P. fuscobrunnealis, sp. n., 498.—P. genialis, sp. n., 501.—P.
griseoctlialis, sp. u., 501.—P. hampsont, sp. n., 498.—P. leechi, sp. n.,
501.—P. mandarinalis, sp. n., 509.—P. mouptnalis, sp. u., 504.—P.
mundalis, sp. u., 511.—P. oberthuri, sp. n., 508.—P. obstipalis, sp. n.,
504.—P. postalbalis, sp. n., 512.—P. punctilinealis, sp. n., 510.—P.
_pygmealis, sp. n., 505.—P. quadrimaculalis, sp. n., 507.—P. rufalis,
sp. n., 507.—P. tortualis, sp. n., 509.—P. vicinalis, sp, u., 502,.—Rehimena,
( til |)
449.—R, straminealis, sp. n., 449.—Rhodophwa, 412.—Samaria, 409.—
Samea, '453.—Sameodes, 477.—Sacada, 429.—8S. contigua, sp. n., 430.—
Schenobius, 402.—Scirpophaga, 401.—Scoparia, 445.—Selagia, 408.—
Stmexthistis, 513.—S. leechi, sp. n., 513.—Stemmatophora, 424.—Stericta,
416.—Sylepta, 465.—S. invalidalis, sp. n., 467.—S. luteolalis, sp. n., 467.
—Syngamia, 453.—Tamraca, 425.—Teyulifera, 424.—Thliptoceras, 477.—
Tivathaba, 887.—Toccolosida, 429.—Trebania, 430.—Trichophysetis, 420.
—Tyspanodes, 455.—Zinckenia, 449.
Leucaloa eugraphica, exhibited, xii.
Lnparis pulverea, exhibited, xii.
London butterflies discussed, vii.
Luffia ferschaultella, exhibited, viii.
Lycxna bellargus, gynandromorphous, exhibited, x.
Lycaena corydon, var. corydonius, and var. hispana in Spain, xxiii.
Lycena damon, alluded to, xxiv.
Lyce#na dolus, and var. vittata, exhibited and discussed, xxii, xxiv.
Lycana hylas, and var. nivescens, exhibited, xxiii.
Lycenide, varieties of British, exhibited, x, xiv.
Lycaenidx, varieties of Spanish, exhibited and discussed, xxiii.
Maroga mythica and M, setiotricha, exhibited, xii.
Melanargia cleanthe, var. capygia, exhibited, xxii. J. ines, in Spain, xxiv.
M., syllius, in Spain, xxiv.
Melitxa cinxia, varieties exhibited, xii, xvi.
New Lepidoptera from New Zealand, descriptions of (Kdward Meyrick,
B.A., F.Z.8.), 565. The following genera and species are described :—
Adoxophyes trichroa, sp. u., 578.— Amphixystes, gen. nov., 576.—A.
hapsimacha, sp u., 577.—Latrachedra agaura, sp. u., 579.—B. tristicta,
sp. n., 579.—Borkhausenia (Aicophora). actinias, sp. u., 574.—B. hoplo-
desma, sp. 0., 574.—Cacecia astrologana, 579.—C. fervida, sp. n., 572.—
C. ortivropis, sp. 0., 573.—C. postrittana, 579.—Crambus antimorus, sp. D.,
567.—C. heteranthes, sp. n., 568.—Dryadaula pactolia, sp. n., 577.—
Epiblema aphrias, sp. n., 578.—Ereunetis exospila, sp. n., 577.—Gelechia
hippeis, sp. u., 573.—Gymnobathra thetodes, sp. u., 574.—Harmoloya
achrosta, sp. n., 572.—H. petrias, sp. n., 572.—Homaosoma anaspila, sp.
n., 066.—Hypenodes anticlina, sp. n., 566.—Leucania toroneura, sp. 0.,
965.—Orocranbus thymdastes, sp. n., 567.—Orthosia fortis, 565.—Plutella
antiphona, sp. n., 576.—Proselana emphanes, sp. n., 571.—Pyrgotis pyra-
midias, sp. n., 571.—Scoparia alopecias, sp. n., 570.—S. chalara, sp. u.,
570.—S. organza, sp. u., 569.—S. parachalea, sp. n., 569.—S. torodes,
sp. n., 568.—Stathmopoda aposema, sp. 1., 575.—S. mysteriastis, sp. D.,
O70. re epsterates emplasta, sp. n., 571 shi eines cupred, Sp. D., 579.
Notodontide, Revision of the American (W. Schaus), 257. The following
subfamilies, genera, and species referred to and described :—A/ilia, gen.
nov., 319.—A. cinerea, sp. nov., 320.—Anita, gen. nov., 332.—A. basi-
puncta, sp. nov., 332.—Antwa, 342.—Antiopha, gen. nov., 275.—A.
multilinea, sp. nov., 275.—A. collaris, sp. nov., 275.—Antiora, 266.—
Anurocampa, 266.—Apela, 327.—Arhacia, 287.—Bardaxima, 270.—B.
demera, sp. nov., 271.—Betola, gen, nov., 289.—ZL. aroata, sp. nov., 290.—
Llera, 311.—BLoriza, gen. nov., 310.—Callidema, 264.—C. gocasta, sp.
nov., 264.—Canodia, 343.—Caryida, gen. nov., 267.—Cerura, 288. —C.
( ee. 4}
argynnis, Sp. Nov., 288.—C. grandis, sp. nov., 289.—C. rivera, sp. nov.,
289.—Chadisra, 311.—C. batama, sp. nov., 312.—C. varona, sp. nov., 312.
—C. zabena, sp. nov., 312.—Chliara, 342.—Colax, 333.—Contrebia; 279.
—Cottobara, 274.—Crinodes, 276.—C. nebulosa, 277.—C. striolata, 277.—
Ctianopha, gen. nov., 272.—Dasylophia, 280.—D. abbreviata, sp. nov.,
281.—D. franzina, sp. nov., 282.—D. grenadensis, sp. nov., 282.—D, -
jaliscana, sp. nov., 282.—D. lucia, sp. nov., 281.—Dicentria, 296.—D.
disparilis, sp. nov., 297.—D. linita, sp. nov., 297.—D. laciniosa, sp. nov.,
298.—Didugua, 280.—Dognina, gen. nov., 301.—Drastoma, gen. nov., 264.
—Drugera, gen. nov., 293.—Dylomia, 327.—Ellida, 323.—Elymiotis,
272.—Eragisa, 276.—Eucerura, gen. nov., 294.—Euhyparpax, 270.—
Eunotela, gen. nov., 325.—E. collaris, sp. nov., 826.—E. pallida, sp.
nov., 325.—LKunystalea, 326.—Eustema, gen. nov., 285.—Euxoga, 316.—
Farigia, sp. nov., 283.—I’. hydriana, sp. nov., 284.—F. musara, sp. nov.,
283.—F’, vecina, sp. nov., 284.—Gisara, gen. nov., 310.—Gluphisia, 321.
—Goacampa, gen. nov., 3381.—G. variabilis, sp. nov., 331.—Goaxis, gen.
nov., 316.—G. singularis, 316.—Gopha, 290.—G. albipuncta, sp. nov.,
291.—-Hapigia, 341.—H. rufescens, 341.—Hardingia, gen. nov., 293.—
H. roberti, sp. nov., 293.—Harpyia, 323.—Heorta, 269.—Herbertina,
gen. nov., 329.—Heterocampa, 301.—H. aroensis, sp. nov., 305.—H.
divisa, sp. nov., 807.—H. discata, sp. nov., 806.—H. isidra, sp. nov., 305.
—H. jamaicensts, sp. nov., 306.—H. rascona, sp. nov., 807.—H. semilu-
nata, sp. nov., 304.—H. tuna, 804.—H. vestona, sp. nov., 306.—Hippia,
286.—Hemiceras, 333.—H. aroensis, sp. nov., 336.—H. bilinea, sp. nov.,
337.—H. brunnea, sp. nov., 336.—H. nigrigutta, sp. nov., 337.—H.
nigricosta, Sp. nov., 339.—H. nigrescens, sp. nov., 340.—H. nubilata, sp.
nov., 338.—H. ovalis, sp. nov., 337.—H. pagana, sp. nov., 338.—H.
pallidula, sp. nov., 340.—H. punctilla, sp. nov., 338.—H. quebra, sp.
nov., 3389.—H. serana, sp. nov., 336.—H. sericita, sp. nov., 340.—H,
striata, sp. nov., 335.—H. tulola, sp. nov., 835.—H. velva, sp. nov., 339,
—Hypereschra, 329.—Hyparpax, 279.—Ichthyosoma, 301.—Kalkoma,
gen. nov., 279.—Kurtia, gen. nov., 331.—K. modesta, 332.—Lepasta, 278.
—L. lignistriata, sp. nov., 278.—Lirimiris, 290.—Litodonta, 299.—L.
nigripuncta, 299.— Lobeza, 320.—L. dentilinea, sp. nov., 320.—L. dukin-
fielda, 321.—Lophopterya, 328.—Lophodonta, 330.—Lusura, 321.—Lysana,
273.—L. (2) plusiana, 274.—Macrurocampa, 323.—Magava, 309.—1.
marginata, sp. nov., 8309.—Malocampa, gen. nov., 307.— J, obscura, sp.
nov., 308.—J, sidoides, sp. uov., 308.—Maschane, 317.—Meragisa, gen.
nov., 314.—M. pallida, sp. nov., 314.—M. politioides, sp. nov., 314,.—
M., sidata, 315.—Minara, 267.—Misogada, 300.— Nadata, 266.—Naduna,
gen. nov., 291.—V. lignea, sp. nov., 291.—Nerice, 267.—Naytdusa, 322.
—JWV. cinescens, 322.—Naprepa, 327.—V. cyllota, 328,—... elongata, sp.
nov., 328.—Wotoplusia, gen. nov., 300.—Notela, gen, nov., 324.—1,
jaliscana, sp. nov., 324,—Wystalea, 267.—V. imarmorea, sp. nov., 268.—
JV. plumipes, sp. nov., 268.—Odontosia, 329.—Ophitis, 313.—Pauluma,
gen, nov., 292.—P. minna, sp. nov., 292.—P. nubila, sp. nov., 292.—
Pentobesa, gen. nov., 269.—P. valtu, sp. nov., 269.—Phastia, 315.—
Phedosia, 271.—Pheosia, 330.—Pontala, 326.—Poresta, gen. nov., 277.
—Proelymiotis, gen. nov., 2738.—PLP. arpia, sp. nuv., 2738.—Pronerice, gen.
noy., 265.—Pseudantiora, 274.—Pseudodryas, 284.—Pseudhapiyia, gen.
( Ixxii )
nov., 342.—P. brunnea, sp. nov., 343.—Psilacron, 300.—Psorocampa,
gen. nov., 286.—P. denticulata, sp. nov., 286.—Rhuda, 309.—Rifargia,
' 317.—R. cassandra, 319.—R. collema, 318.—R. feldert, sp. nov., 318.—
R. grisea, 318.—Rincodes, gen. nov., 313.—Salluca, gen. nov., 294.—S.
gramina, sp. nov., 294.—S. moruma, sp. nov., 294.—S. pistacina, sp. nov.,
295.—S. tarupa, sp. nov., 295.—Schizura, 298.—Skaphita, gen. nov., 295.
—Stropherus, 265.—Symmerista, 287.—Tachuda, gen. nov., 278.—Tagela,
gen. nov., 265.—Talmenia, 3138.—Tecmessa, 285.—T. elegans, sp. nov.,
285.—Theroa, gen. nov., 270.
Orgyta splendida, exhibited, xxiv.
Orgyia antiqua, exhibited and discussed, xv.
Papilio xeuxis, and P. alyattes, exhibited, xix.
Parnassius apollo, and P. delius, exhibited and discussed, xix.
Pieris daplidice, exhibited, xvi.
Pieris rape, and P. ergane, exhibited, xxv.
Rhanidophora phedonia, exhibited, xii.
Rhopalocera, collection of, from Lebanon district, exhibited, iii.
Satyrus prieurt, habits of, xxiii.
Satyrus prieurt, var, uhagont, exhibited and discussed, xxiv.
Sierra Albarracin, Spain, butterflies from, exhibited, xxii.
Smerinthus tiliv, varieties, exhibited, xii.
Sphingomorpha chlorea (montetronis), exhibited, xii.
Thais certsyt, dark form, exhibited, xxii.
Thecla myrtale, exhibited and discussed, iii.
Trabele ochroleuca, exhibited, xii.
Uzucha borealis, exhibited, xii.
Vanessa antiopa, exhibited, xxii.
Xyleutes macleayet, X. nephocosma, and X. pulchra, exhibited, xii.
Ypthima asterope, exhibited and discussed, iii.
Zephyrus quercus, in Spain, xxiii.
Zomba, in British Central Africa, an account of a collection made at (P. I.
Lathy), 19. The following new species are described and figured :—
Abantis arctomarginata, 34.—Abisara delicata, 28.—Baoris cana, 35.—
Cyrestis sublineata, 25.—Eagris ochreana, 34.
;
-
;
NEUROPTERA.
Aischna cyanea, the Metamorphoses of (F. Enock), xi.
Ephemera, from Central Africa, exhibited, viii.
Helicopsyche, larva cases of, exhibited, vi.
Nymphs, exhibited, x.
Oxyethira, photographs of an, exhibited, xxv/
ORTHOPTERA.
Phyllium (Phasmidz), exhibited, x1.
Thamnotrizon cinereus, abnormal, exhibited, xv.
Trans. Fint. Soc Lond L901 Pi 1
West,Newman chromo
LARVA! &c.OF ORINA
Trans Ent. Soc Lond 1901. Pi wiie
wi. 4. Arr,
R.Mintern del. et Lth > MinternBros.Chromo.
Central African Rhopalocera.
Trans Ent. Soe.Lond.190/.PUIV.,
Horace Knight delet lith. MinternBros.Chromo
Astatheme.
Trans. Ent Soc Lond.1901 PIV.
ae
7
E.C Kamght del. etlith .
22
West, Newman chromo
LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA FROM TRINIDAD.
Trans. Ent. Soe Lond. 190] PLVI
" 9
E.C Knight. del.et lith,
West,Newman chremo
LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA FROM TRINIDAD.
ALS
LSINGHA
MUS.
WA
Trans. Ent. Soc Lond. 190] Pl. Vit.
~ no
West,Newman lith.
¢@ CHARACTERS IN 0SMIA ( ADUNCA-GROUP.)
_ frans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901 P!. Vill.
“Wast Newman lith.
d CHARACTERS IN OSMIA ( ADUNCA - GROUP.)
Trans. Ent P Soc : Lond. 1907. PL. ag
Horace Knight del. et hth» Mintern Bros Chromo
New Species of Pheropsophus.
Trans, £int, Soe Lond. 190/ PX.
10
Horacelmight del.ec lith West, Newman chromo
Pr CAN PAY LOP
a
AGOUS COLBOPTERA
AGOUS \ OEBOP bet i ae ae
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901. Pl. X]
Knight, del André & Sleigh, Limited
American Notodontide.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.190/ Pl XI]
t, del André & Sleigh,Limited.
American Notodontide
Trans. Ent. Soc Lond. 1901. PU XI.
- , Da
: Horace Knight de] .etlth.. Mintern Bros Chromo
Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr., S&? and its food plant.
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Trans. Ent. Soc Lond. 1901 Pl XIV.
, de} André & Sleigh, Ltd
Bushey.
Chinese Pyralidee.
Trans: Emt ooc Lond 1901 PL XV
del André & Sleigh Ltd
Bushey
Chinese Pyralide
I
|
Trans Ert. Soe. Lond .1901. Pu_XVI »
:
4s.
Mantern Bros.Chromo,
Horace Kmght del.et hth:
| New aeanes of Rhynchota.
|
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53 as BOD sma aunh y eich 15.88 De hae
ci iH 608 noes 15 6 019 3
+5 = BSGA i credeet ann memes 110-6 1 243
iy i NGOS) Pac aewaniaanent yee 1.14
53 “4 TOOG) oc. estpenasnsay 110 0 L 208
= i 1897 cee 018 0
es se MOOS ee aos Soe Meher 13.6 2 as
a “7 LESS AG ear Ss ye 8 ia 1; 2
SA UA le BOR: re HPD HE a 110 0 1. Zee
Any single volume from 1862 to 1877 half-price to Fellows.
First Series, vol. v., is out of print. First Series, vols. iimiv., and Second
Series, vol. iv., cannot be sold separately.
The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :—
Paseoe’s * Longicornia Malayand”. ... 20. jis. carn tne setasunedes £212 0 £1 19
Baly’s ‘Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1., Apostasicera’......... 016 0 0 12
Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogy yna and Fossorial Hymenoptera * 0 0 3
‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ Part I. ...... 0 6>0 0 4
Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolixw’ (Prize Essay).............00006 GO >4.4 O->k
The JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS is bound up with the TRANSACTIONS.
THE PROPOSED
General Catalogue of the Jnsects of the P British Isles,
PUBLISHED BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Soh 8." Ge 22
1. NEUROPTERA, by R. McLacuian, F.R.S. ; 1870 .........c..000 ee 0
1. HYMENOPTERA (Aculeata), by F. SmirH; 1871 ............... 1 oh 0
11. HYMENOPTERA (Chrysidide, Ichneumonide, Braconide,
en Evaniide), by the Rev. T. A. MARSHALL, M.A., F.E.S. ;
NOT 2) ee h cs cae dauag its ses age seme Gan ee eae GA otc Aetna espace n eee 2 te 1
Iv. HYMENOPTERA (Oxyura), by the Rev. T. A. MARSHALL,
NEAT BE Gok VST Oty c.caotlacdens Reeser caus tenga Meer eno Le 0
v. HEMIPTERA (Heteroptera and Homoptera, Cicadaria and
Phytophthires), by J. W. Doucuas and J. Scorr; 1876..... 1 9 0
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Founded, 1883. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1885.
OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the SESSION 1901-1902,
THE REV. CANON Fow er, M.A., F.L.S., President.
CHARLES GOLDING BARRETT.
EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S. Vice-Presidents.
GEORGE HENRY VERRALL.
Ropert McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S., Treasurer.
HERBERT Goss, F.L.S., F.G.S.
Henry Rowianp-Browy, M.A. } Bees
GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S., Librarian.
Horack St. J. DoNISTHORPE, F.Z.S.
CHARLES JOSEPH GAHAN, M.A.
RoBerRT WYLIE LLoyp.
CoLBRAN J. WAINWRIGHT.
RoBERT ADKIN.
Pror. T. Hupson BEARE, B.Sc., F.R.S.E.
WILLIAM Lucas DISTANT.
W. R. HA, Resident Librarian.
Fellows who have paid their Subscriptions for the current year are, without
further payment, entitled to receive the Transactions and Proceedings for the year,
which will be forwarded post free.
_ The Library is open to Fellows and their friends every day from ONE to Six
o'clock p.m. (and until TEN p.m. on Meeting nights), except on Saturdays, when the
Library closes at THREE o’clock.
N.B.—The Supplementary Catalogue of the Library is now
ready, price 4s. 6d. to the Public and 8s. to the Fellows of the
Society. A certain number of copies are bound up with the 1893
Catalogue, and the two together issued at 10s. to the Public and
7s. to Fellows. The 1893 Catalogue is still sold separately, price 9s.
to the Publie, to the Fellows of the Society, 6s.
NOTICE TO AUTHORS, ete.
Authors of papers which are intended to be communicated to the Society, are
requested to be good enough to send their names and the full titles of their papers to the
Secretaries at least fourteen days prior to the date of the Meeting at which it is
proposed that such papers shall be read ; and such communications may be addressed
to the Secretaries at the Society's Rooms, 11 Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W..,
or to HERBERT Goss, The Avenue, Surbiton Hill, Surrey.
CONTENTS OF PART IL .
PAGE
r\ _' VI. A preliminary catalogue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera of Trinidad.
Bee pie By Wittium Jamis Kava; 8B Sie 2. 2 115
VII. Illustrations of the 6th $ ventral segment in 17 Osmia-species of the
adunca-Group, with a Note on the synonymy of four species,
and descriptions of four which seem new. By the Rev. FRANCIS
David Moricr, M.A., F.ES. ... a gu set & 161
VIII. List of the Cetoniidex collected by Messrs. H. E. ANDREWES and J. R.
D. BELL in the Bombay Presidency of India, with descriptions
of the new species. By OLIvER E. Janson, F.E.S. ... on 179
IX. A Classification of a new Family of the Lepidoptera. By Sir GroRGE
Francois Hampson, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., etc. ... ss aoe 187
Proceedings ... a hy ae a, i" oft is XE
NOTICE.
All persons exhibiting specimens at Meetings of the Society are requested to be
good enough to hand to the Secretary, at the Meeting, a note in writing of the
generic and specific names of all specimens exhibited, together with the names of the
localities in which such specimens were obtained, and any remarks thereon which]
the exhibitors have to make. In the absence of such a note in writing the Secretary
will not be responsible for any errors in connexion with his report of such ex-
hibitions, or for the entire omission of any reference thereto in the Proceedings.
By ORDER OF THE COUNCIL.
MEETINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,
11 CHanpos STREET, CAVENDISH SQuaRE, W.
FOR THE
Session 1901-1902.
Wednesday, October pe oe ais as a 2
A November... < Meee ee
o = vs Bi ee be a
Er December eh se RED eet oakstb ie
1902.
on January (ANNUAL MEETING) ... “F ee
The Chair will be taken at Ercut o’clock in the evening precisely.
THE
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
OLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
ibe (OH
PART III.
WITH FOUR PLATES.
(SEPTEMBER 30, 1901.)
LONDON :
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED,
BREAD STREET HILL, E.C.
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET,
CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.,
AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN AND CQ,
PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.; AND NEW YORK.
[Price 10s. |
capa sdk iia
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
1834—1900.
The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows at the
following reduced prices :—
PUBLIC. FELLOWS.
First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1849).................. Price £4 13 0 Ss S000
Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861)............... 8. 0) 90 5415. 0
Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) ............... 12 08 410 0
The Transactions for the year 1868 ..... et ale 1, Op
35 AH 1869) 2.2 l. Aza }
Me - ESTO eet nent 1 Sa eye
a is DOE Wasson anaes uoreet 1S. (
Me ss 1872 Lae
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Ry Mf TS LO) Nar adaeton seen eue ly 28 D466
ne a ABS oie are beeen 019.0 014 34
uF 7 Le | eget te Se anne L168 | Meee i
a i PGE 0 ERS UCase 1 2 se 1. 26
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os as {Vey dp eae taie AA 1s 2 019 0
Pe oh Eien. NeLvcote reed 1 ae 1.6 \om
: “i Pee oh ha aN de 116 6 1 7 @a
_ ie OU ures aces ekee owe 1-19 0 1°10. .0m
iM Bs POUT ACE mee 116 0 17 oO
me A 1892 5 Rt Bsa) 1 1.98
we 3 Nis SoS Oa cea Ok LNG 0195
$5 a EO eros Sea aster sree 1 106 1 2.
. ie MOG) Lone eee tee ees 1 ay Ds 1 Lt. oe
Ls 5 PO BO cetera 110 0 1 2 om
mi 1897 gee a 018 0”
ies ie MU | sedate at Se 1 OT 1-1 4
ie is TROD era iee i we 110.8 1 2 Ge
POO OH tcp i cates L280." 1 2 6a
Any single volume from 1862 to 1877 half. -price to Fellows.
First Series, vol. v., is out of print. First Series, vols. i.—iv., and Second
Series, vol. iv., cannot be sold separately.
The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :— ~
Pascoe’s * Longicarma Malayeana: ss Aw oye aces iene £2 12° 9 £1. 19
Baly’s ‘Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. I., Apostasicera’......... 016 0 0 12
Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera’ 0 4 6 0 38
_. * Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ Part I. ...... i I 0.4
Newport’ s.‘ Athalia.centifoliw’ (Prize Essay).........s....000. Ore 0 8
The JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS is bound up with the TRANSACTIONS.
THE PROPOSED
General Catalogue of the Insects of the Pritish Jsles.
PUBLISHED BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
wap eiie SA aes $s
1, NEUROPTERA, by BR McLACHLAN, PUR Bl 1670 ne. lacie 10 0
i, HYMENOPTERA (Aculeata), by Fo Sarre 187 cee Lies 0
11. HYMENOPTERA (Chrysidide, Ichneumonide, Braconide,
and Evaniide), by the Rev. T. A. MARSHALL, M.A., F.E.S. ;
No 6 RU oan UME OR emt CMa Mae Tor ase de AN Ned CaN eal eels aga 1
Iv. HYMENOPTERA (Oxyura), by the Rev. T. A. MARSHALL,
Mio Asn RS.) PERS sols NCR see ea ere Rg Nur em e atag se 0
v. HEMIPTERA (Heteroptera and Homoptera, Cicadaria and a
Phytophthires), by J. W. DouGcuas and J. Scorr ; 1876....., Lg 0 of
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Founded, 1833. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1885.
OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the SESSION 1901-1902.
THE REy. CANoN Fow ter, M.A., F.L.S., President.
CHARLES GOLDING BARRETT.
EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S. Vice-Presidents.
Grorcre HENRY VERRALL.
RoBerT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S., Treasurer.
HERBERT Goss, F.L.S., F.G.S.
ecretaries.
HENRY Row1ianpD-Brown, M.A. } (ee
GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.8., Librarian.
Rospert ADKIN.
Pror. T. Hupson BrEArg, B.Sc., F.R.S.E.
WILLIAM Lucas DISTANT.
Horack St. J. DoNISTHORPE, F.Z.S
CHARLES JOSEPH GAHAN, M.A.
Ropert WyY.ie Luoyp.
CoLBRAN J. WAINWRIGHT.
W. R. HAL, Resident Librarian.
Fellows who have paid their Subscriptions for the current year are, without
further payment, entitled to receive the Transactions and Proceedings for the year,
which will be forwarded post free.
The Library is open to Fellows and their friends every day from ONE to Six
o’clock p.m. (and until TEN p.m. on Meeting nights), except on Saturdays, when the
Library closes at THREE o’clock.
N.B.—The Supplementary Catalogue of the Library is now
ready, price 4s. 6d. to the Public and 8s. to the Fellows of the
Society. A certain number of copies are bound up with the 1893
Catalogue, and the two together issued at 10s. to the Publie and
7s. to Fellows. The 1893 Catalogue is still sold separately, price 9s.
to the Public, to the Fellows of the Society, 6s.
NOLICE TO AUTHORS, ete.
| Authors of papers which are intended to be communicated to the Society, are
| requested to be good enough to send their names and the full titles of their papers to the
} Secretaries at least fowrteen days prior to the date of the Meeting at which i is
| proposed that such papers shall be read ; and such communications may be addressed
| to the Secretarics at the Society’s Rooms, 11 Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.,
| or to HerBert Goss, The Avenue, Surbiton Hill, Surrey.
CONTENTS OF PART III.
PAGE
X. The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and descriptions of new
species. By GiLBerT J. ArRow, F.E.S. con - a 193
XI. A further contribution to our knowledge of African ae
Coleoptera. By Marrin Jacosy, F.E.S. see 209
XII. Arevision of the American Notodontidx. By WILLIAM Scuavs, F.Z.S. 257
XIII. Cases of Protective Resemblance, Mimicry, etc., in the British
Coleoptera. By Horace St. Joun K. DonisrHorps, F.Z.S. 345
NOTICE.
All persons exhibiting specimens at Meetings of the Society are requested to be
good enough to hand to the Secretary, at the Meeting, a note in writing of the
generic and specific names of all specimens exhibited, together with the names of the
localities in which such specimens were obtained, and any remarks thereon which
the exhibitors have to make. In the absence of such a note in writing the Secretary
will not be responsible for any errors in connexion with his report of such ex-
hibitions, or for the entire omission of any reference thereto in the Proceedings.
By OrnDER OF THE COUNCIL.
MEETINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,
11 CHanpos STREET, CAVENDISH Square, W.
FOR THE
Sesston 1901-1902.
Wednesday, October he sa ne ae Seuen 2
i A is if He a sie 6
me November ie od =: “oe ‘ges
. Ks Ee ae ne ay ae ee
he December bs sh. oe bt ogee
1902.
Ps January (ANNUAL MEETING) .... ah vee dee
The Chair will be taken at E1egur o’clock in the evening preci
| TRANSACTIONS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
1901.
PART IV.
WITH FOUR PLATES.
(DECEMBER 30, 1901.)
LONDON :
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED,
BREAD STREET HILL, E.C.
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET,
CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.,
AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN AND CoO,,
PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.; AND NEW YORK.
[Price 118.]
— ee a eee e+
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
1834—1901.
The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows at the
following reduced prices :— |
PUBLIC. FELLOWS. —
First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1849).............. 02. Price £413 0- £310 O@
Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861)............... 8 0 0 6 154
Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) ............... 1i 0.0 410 0.
The Transactions for the year 1868 ........, ........ i. 0.28
> 2 bss: pales Wye weet, 12 0}
Fn ee 1870 bP «a 2 5 0
a as LEFT sescsse aad? 1 Sed (
Ss - TBS Diet ee oa I 1s200
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a 7 LOS: Weer eewa es 1 12°98
nt ‘A UG it pee ee Once S ; ee | 3 0 0
a 5 LST ax. sete ce 112 0
+ aS LSPS: oer ee hk. 44
$s te ABTS) Sica e ees 1 Oo 015 0
bs ty TETD Kicodvonhanttaees 1 2a 016 6
Pe Mi LOBOS kao eaves 019 O 014 3
f e DBR as chic. oae- a wae 116° 4 i 7 a
oa “ Co). Sie Saas VRS oe $8 110 0 1 2.6m
= “ USGO. ax Sed sieae o 1°. ge 1 0 8
‘i a 1 SBS oye te Set 1, 228 11s
“A “2 MOG rs cone ee Lee 019 6%
sts “ ERBGS Pec, niece eeate i ea0 019 Ga
a3 a BRAS acu smac fers 1 4 6 019 0
¥ + DOGS Wasik. owes P15. 48 1 6 oe
oe “ TROR iss coeuredeeuses 1 16 36 1 ee
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“ ‘5 1891 116 0 1 ie
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* %, AO e sy z20%s aoecy ieee hee 110 0 1 2
Pe © Y900s kcal auton eee 110 0 1 2 GF
js a 1901); Part scccs Owe 05 3
. eS HOOT Past Alcs oe 0 Fa6 0433
fs s 1901: Part Abe cas: 010 0 0 73
1901, Part L¥ e225 O-11°.9 0 8 wf
Any single volume from 1862 to 1877 half-price to Fellows.
First Series, vol. v., is out of print. First Series, vols. ii—iv., and Second
Series, vol. iv., cannot be sold separately.
The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :—
Pascoe's ‘ Longicornia, Malayan’... ......2.cceccssasccsescenscens £212 0 £1 19%
Baly’s ‘Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. I., Apostasicera’......... 016 0 012
Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera * I! 4578 0 3
‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ Part I. ...... 0. G8 0 4 |
Newport’ s ‘ Athalia centifoliz’ (Prize Essay)..............0005 0) caw 0
The JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS is bound up with the TRANSACTIONS.
THE PROPOSED
General Catalogue of the Insects of the British Gsles.
PUBLISHED BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
—__—___» ‘§s. d@. Se
1. NEUROPTERA, by R. McLacutan, F.R.S. ; 1870 ...........006 ‘1_0 30
u. HYMENOPTERA (Aculeata), by F. SmiTu ; cry, arama 16 0 9
it. HYMENOPTERA (Chrysidide, Ichneumonide, Braconide,
and Evaniide), by the Rev. T. A. MARSHALL, M.A., F.E.S. ; A
DSF R sence h ake ok seadccee vedas kot as saunie ae Sr een aa eeras Aan Rance
Iv. HYMENOPTERA Boo god) by the Rev. T. A. MARSHALL,
M.A. PWS ES TET oie or eae oes acee te eRe RE siey cess cee
v. HEMIPTERA (Heteroptera and Homoptera, Cicadaria and ¢
Phytophthires), by J. W. Douauas and J. Scort ; 1876... 1 0 0 $
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Founded, 1833. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1885.
OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the SESSION 1901-1902.
THE REV. CANON Fow.er, M.A., F.L.S., President.
CHARLES GOLDING BARRETT.
EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
GroRGE HENRY VERRALL.
Vice-Presidents.
RoBERT McLAcuHtiay, F.R.S., F.L.S8., Treasurer.
HERBERT Goss, F.L.S., F.G.S.
Hznry Row.Lanp-Browy, M.A. } ects
GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S., Librarian.
RoBERT ADKIN.
Pror. T. Hupson BEArg, B.Sc., F.R.S.E.
WILLIAM Lucas DISTANT.
Horack St. J. DonIsTHoRPE, F.Z.S.
CHARLES JOSEPH GAHAN, M.A.
RoBERT WYLIE LLOYD.
CoLBRAN J. WAINWRIGHT.
W. R. HAL, Resident Librarian.
Fellows who have paid their Subscriptions for the current year are, without
further payment, entitled to receive the Transactions and Proceedings for the year,
which will be forwarded post free.
The Library is open to Fellows and their friends every day from ONE to S1x
o’clock p.m. (and until TEN p.m. on Meeting nights), except on Saturdays, when the
Library closes at THREE o’clock.
N.B.—The Supplementary Catalogue of the Library is now
ready, price 4s. 6d. to the Public and 8s. to the Fellows of the
Society. A certain number of copies are bound up with the 1893
Catalogue, and the two together issued at 10s. to the Publie and
7s. to Fellows. The 1893 Catalogue is still sold separately, price 9s.
to the Public, to the Fellows of the Society, 6s.
NOTICE TO AUTHORS, ete.
Authors of papers which are intended to be communicated to the Society, are
requested to be good enough to send their names and the full titles of their papers to the
Secretaries at least fowrteen days prior to the date of the Meeting at which tt is
proposed that such papers shall be read ; and such communications may be addressed
to the Secretaries at the Society’s Rooms, 11 Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.,
or to HERBERT Goss, The Avenue, Surbiton Hill, Surrey.
4
CONTENTS OF PART IV.
PAGE
XIV. Sexual dimorphism in Buprestis sanguinea, Fabr., a species occurring
in Spain, and new to the European list. By GEORGE CHARLES. |
Cuampion, F.Z.S. ... exe ne Wh ae se ¥f 379
XV. Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea, By the late
JoHN Henry Leecu, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., ete. Part V.
With descriptions of new species by RicHARD Sours, F.E.S. 385
XVI. Hymenoptera aculeata, collected in Algeria by the Rev. ALFRED
EpwIn Eaton, M.A., F.E.S., and the Rev. Francois DAviIp
Morice, M.A., F.E.S. Part I. Heterogyna and Fossores to
the end of Pompilide BY EDWARD ial F.L.S.,
Wei dierc cs : 4 se ay ey 515
XVII. Descriptions of New iano from New Zealand. By Epwarp
Meyrick, B.A., F.Z.8., ete. ... or ioe Wee a 565
XVIII. Contributions to a apie: of the ae ee si WILLIAM L.
DIsTANT... ae 7 581
XIX. The genus Hyliota, of the ieee family ee with
descriptions of new forms and a List of the described species. .
By GitBert J. Arrow, F.E.S. ... bets a ae ok 593
Proceedings eee eee eee eee eee eee see xili-xxiv 3 .
NOTICE.
‘All persons exhibiting specimens at Meetings of the Society are requested to bel] i} 4
good enough to hand to the Secretary, at the Meeting, a note in writing of the}
generic and specific names of all specimens exhibited, together with the names of the}}
localities in which such specimens were obtained, and any remarks thereon which |] 1]
the exhibitors have to make. In the absence of such a note in writing the Secretary |] |
will not be responsible for any errors in connexion with his report of such ex-
hibitions, or for the entire omission of any reference thereto in the Proceedings.
By ORDER OF THE COUNCIL, 1
TI
i
MEETINGS
OF THE . 3
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,
11 CHaANDos STREET, CavENDISH Squarz, W.
: FOR THE |
Session 1902.
Wednesday, January (ANNUAL MEETING) _... a ste
The Chair will be taken at Eicur o'clock in the evening pré
THE
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
1901.
PART V.
(FEBRUARY 22, 1902.)
LONDON :
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED,
BREAD STREET HILL, E.C.
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET,
CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.,
AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN AND Co0O.,,
PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.; AND NEW YORK.
[Price 2s. 6d. |
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
1834—1901.
The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows at the
following reduced prices :—
PUBLIC, FELLOWS.
First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1849).................. Price £413 0 £3 10 0
Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861)............... 8° O.-® 615. <0
Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) ............... 1 8 410 0
The Transactions for the year 1868 ........, ........ 1.08 36
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3 a icf eee Phre emne: F bod 2 5 0
s or UB TE. Botesecatnd acne ea ee of
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5 eS TSO cs aigee sche an ons 116 6 Lf ie
3 5 1 Ries aa ea CS 1 1940 110 O-
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3a RS AOD Se unpiaek tees 1 oe i ee Mk.
Me LOBOS tie sates 1. 25358 019 3%
% vy sles eo, \ Sameera 110-6 1 2 Dee
: ~ TOO 5i0.5. base hasag Fe te 1 1.2
5 59 TSOB Se vac; ssatecsance 4-100 1-2 6
vs RS 1897 1° 4-0 0°18 0
s + LSS erica need Bs wea Lose tae 1 1 a
ce = 1 ESN ESR eee 110 0 12:
rr TOOG BSS eectecaees 1. 10:9 aha
is ee 1901 | Part! os Te” gee 0 57cm
% 1901, Part II......... . 0 5 6 0° 4 a8
< “ DS0T Part AL caccs 010 O 0
“ ee 1901, Part IV. ...... rps a 6 3.2
1901, Part V......... 0 2 6 0 1.395
Any single volume from 1862 to 1877 half-price to Fellows.
First Series, vol. v., is out of print. First Series, vols. i.—iv., and Second. —
Series, vol. iv., cannot-be sold separately.
‘The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :—
Pascoe's ‘Longicornia Malayana’ 0 5., -Jececccseseavecoscssteoese £2 -12-. 0 £11
Baly’s ‘Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1., Apostasicera’.... ,... 016 0 ae
Saunders’ ‘ British ‘Heterogyna and Fossorial Hymenoptera pak (eee oe 0
‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ Part I. ...... 0 6:0 0
Newport’s f Athalia centifolizx’ (Prize Hissay)......-.ca.-seres 0: . Ab 0
; The JOURNAL OF ProcrEDINGs is bound up with the Teancenee
—+
THE PROPOSED
General Catalogue of the Ynsects of the ¥ British Isles.
PUBLISHED BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDOX.
———— s. a. S.
1. NEUROPTERA, by R. McLacutian, F.RB.S. ; 1870 ........5...05. 1 05
uu, HYMENOPTERA (Aculeata), by H. Sminas (i871 .c3...-2-.e a9 sae 0
iI. HYMENOPTERA (Chrysidide#, Ichneumonide, Braconidae,
and he By the Rev. = A. MARSHALL, M. A., Hea
LOT Diesels ciyae mils vag Fs Vase aa Te aaah On Pc nee he eareeah bee 2 0-8
Iv. HYMENOPTERA (Oxyura), ., the Rev. T. A. MARSHALL,
M: A. BES .4 DSS) bios a item tent et ie Senate ere eee 1 0
Vv. HEMIPTERA (Heteroptera and Homoptera, Cicadaria and
Phytophthires), by J. W. Doucuas and J. Scorr; 1876..... 1s 0
— EE —E——————aeeoerrrrr'orrr
——————————EEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEe=EeEeeeee
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Founded, 1833. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1885.
OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the SESSION 1902-1903.
THE Rev. Canon Fowrer, M.A., F. L.S., President.
FREpErick DuCane Gopman, D.C.L.,-F.R.S.
Pror. Epwarp B. PoutTon, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S.
Vice-Presidents.
Dr. Davin Suarp, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S.
ROBERT McLacutay, F. R.S., F.L.S., Treasurer.
Hersert Goss, F.L.S.,.F.G.S. ; sae
Henry Row.anp-Brown, M.A. } Secretaries.
GroRGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S., Librarian.
Roserr ApKIn, Witiram Lucas Disranr, -
Pror. T. Hupson Beare, B.Sc., F.R.S.E. THE Rey. Francis D. Moricr, M.A.
ARTHUR JoHN Cutty, M.A. EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L,S.
COLONEL CHARLES SWINHOE, M.A., F.LS: FAS.
W. R. Hat, Resident Librarian,
Fellows. who have ‘paid their Subscri
further payment, entitled to receive the
which will be forwarded post free.
ptions for’ the current year are, without
Transactions and Proceedings for the year,
The Library is open to Fellows and their friends every day from OnE to Srx
o’clock p.m. (and until. Tan p-m. on Meeting nights), except on Saturdays, when the
Library closes at THREE o’clock. mae - re: te j
_ N.B.—The Supplementary Catalogue of the Library is now
ready, price 4s. 6d. to the Public and 8s. to-the Fellows of the
Society. A certain number of copies are bound: up with the 1893
Catalogue, and the two together issued at 10s. to the Publie and
7s. to Fellows. The 1893 Catalogue is still sold separately, price Qs.
to the Public, to the Fellows of the Society, 6s.
NOTICE TO AUTH ORS, ete.
Authors of papers which are intended to be communicated to the Society, are
requested to be good enough to send their names and the full titles of their papers to the
Secretaries at least fourteen days prior to the date of the Meeting at which it is
proposed that such papers shall be read 3 and such communications may be addressed
to the Secretaries at the Society's Rooms, 11 Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.,
or to HERBERT Goss, The Avenue, Surbiton Hill, Surrey.
CONTENTS OF PART YV.
PAGE
List of Officers and Council oe Sas — ta we v
_ List of Memoirs ws wa 7 ies os ee vii
Explanation of Plates... a = ee aa ae viii |
Errata oe ‘Ss fie és + iv viii
List of Fellows .. we 7 Lf pee “5 ix
Additions to the Library _ es na is bs ie xxiii 1
Proceedings . ie i mi age XXV |
Annual Meeting and Balance Sheet. sic cH sas es XxViil
President’s Address ck as oa wt ee xxxili
Index .. ee te &. ad ‘ei vit lxi
NOTICE.
All persons exhibiting specimens at Meetings of the Society are requested to be
good enough to hand to the Secretary, at the Meeting, a note in writing of the
generic and specific names of all specimens exhibited, together with the names of the
localities in which such specimens were obtained, and any remarks thereon which
the exhibitors have to make. In the absence of such a note in writing the Secretary
will not be responsible for any errors in connexion with his report of such ex-
hibitions, or for the entire omission of any reference thereto in the Proceedings. —
By ORDER OF THE COUNCIL.
MEETINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,
11 CHanpos Srreet, CavENDIsH SquareE, W.
FOR THE
Session 1902—1903,
Wednesday, February 5
if March 5
9 ” : 19
a April a mi aes a3 . 16
5 May ... Sk és mA inn vb 7
+s June ... en ‘5 a iss oan 4
ey October is sts sxe te 1
3%? 9? 15
e November 5
” ” 19
se December 3
1903.
January (ANNUAL MEETING) ... 21
The Chair will be taken at Ercur o’clock in the ring irate
The Library is open daily from Onz to Srx o’clock p.m. (except on Saturdays,
when it is closed at THREE p.m.), and until TEN p.m. on Meeting nights.
Fellows are reminded that the Subscription for 1901 was|| —
due on the Ist January. They will save much trouble]
by forwarding it to the Treasurer promptly.
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